REVIEW QUESTIONS

What is a prokaryote?

No membrane bound organelles

What is an example of a prokaryote?

Bacteria

What are the 3 parts of the cell theory?

All organisms composed of cells - cell is basic unit of living things - all cells from pre-existing cells

What is a eukaryote? Has membrane bound organelles

REVIEW CONTINUED:

What are the functions of the cell membrane?

Protect the cell – regulates what enters & leaves the cell

What is the process of maintaining the cells environment?

HOMEOSTASIS

What is the property of a cell membrane that only allows certain things in or out?

SELECTIVE PERMEABILITY

What is the cell membrane’s structure?

PHOSPHOLIPID BILAYER

What is the outer boundary of a plant cell?

CELL WALL

Which statement about the cell membrane is not true?A – it helps give the cell its shape

B – it is found only in animal cells

C – it provides some protection for the cell

D – it helps maintain homeostasis

PARTS OF THE CELL – CELL ORGANELLES

Nucleus • control center of the cell – contains DNA – gives directions for making proteins

Nucleolus • inside nucleus – makes ribosomes

Chromatin • inside nucleus – strands of DNA

Cytoplasm • clear, gelatinous fluid inside the cell• gives the cell its shape

• holds or “suspends” the cell’s organelles

Ribosomes • site of protein synthesis (where protein is made)

• can be free floating or attached to endoplasmic reticulum

Endoplasmic Reticulum

• large “workspace” inside cell – has “folds” for greater surface area

2 kinds of ER 1. Rough ER: has ribosomes attached to make protein

2. Smooth ER: no ribosomes attached – other biochemical activities here

Golgi Apparatus

• sorts proteins to be sent to correct destination

• flattened system of membranes – (look like pancakes)

Vacuoles • function to store materials• plants have a LARGE vacuole – animal cells have smaller vacuoles

TYPICAL ANIMAL CELL

TYPICAL PLANT CELL

Lysosome • contains digestive enzymes• digests/destroys excess food, viruses, bacteria• also can destroy the cell itself if needed

Plastids • found in PLANTS ONLY

• used for storage

EXAMPLE:• Chloroplasts • store energy/food

• has “folds” for greater surface area

Mitochondria • produces energy for the cell• has “folds” for greater surface area

• each type of cell has a different amount of these

Cytoskeleton • cell support structure – gives a “framework” to the cell• composed of MICROTUBULES & MICROFILAMENTS

Cilia • function in movement of the cell or line the cell to move other things

• cilia are short, hair like – move in waves

Flagella • functions in movement of the cell

• flagella are longer – move like a whip

ANIMAL CELL – PLANT CELL COMPARISON

PLANT CELL ONLY

PLANT & ANIMAL CELL

ANIMAL CELL ONLY

CELL WALL

PLASTIDS (EX: chloroplast, leucoplast)

LARGE VACUOLE

CENTRIOLE ALL OTHER ORGANELLES