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Living in a Digital World
Discovering Computers 2010
Discovering Computers 2010: Living in a Digital World Chapter 11
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Computer Security Risks
Pages 556 – 557Figure 11-1
Discovering Computers 2010: Living in a Digital World Chapter 11
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Internet and Network Attacks
Computer Virus
• Affects a computer negatively by altering the way the computer works
Worm
• Copies itself repeatedly, using up resources and possibly shutting down the computer or network
Trojan Horse
• A malicious program that hides within or looks like a legitimate program
Rootkit
• Program that hides in a computer and allows someone from a remote location to take full control
Page 558
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Internet and Network Attacks
Page 559Figure 11-3
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Internet and Network Attacks
Page 561 Figure 11-6
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Internet and Network Attacks
• A firewall is hardware and/or software that protects a network’s resources from intrusion
Pages 563 - 564Figure 11-8
Click to view Web Link,click Chapter 11, Click Web Link from left navigation, then click Firewallsbelow Chapter 11
Discovering Computers 2010: Living in a Digital World Chapter 11
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Information Theft
Page 573Figure 11-18
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Information Theft
• A digital signature is an encrypted code that a person, Web site, or organization attaches to an electronic message to verify the identity of the sender– Often used to ensure that an impostor is not
participating in an Internet transaction• Web browsers and Web sites use encryption
techniques
Page 574
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Information Theft
• Popular security techniques include
Pages 574 - 575
Digital Certificates
Transport Layer Security (TLS)
Secure HTTP VPNClick to view Web Link,click Chapter 11, Click Web Link from left navigation, then click Digital Certificates below Chapter 11
Discovering Computers 2010: Living in a Digital World Chapter 11
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Information Theft
Pages 574 - 575Figures 11-19 – 11-20
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System Failure
• A system failure is the prolonged malfunction of a computer
• A variety of factors can lead to system failure, including:– Aging hardware– Natural disasters– Electrical power problems• Noise, undervoltages, and overvoltages
– Errors in computer programs
Page 575
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System Failure
• Two ways to protect from system failures caused by electrical power variations include surge protectors and uninterruptable power supplies (UPS)
Page 576Figures 11-21 – 11-22
Click to view Web Link,click Chapter 11, Click Web Link from left navigation, then click Surge Protectors below Chapter 11
Discovering Computers 2010: Living in a Digital World Chapter 11
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Backing Up – The Ultimate Safeguard
• A backup is a duplicate of a file, program, or disk that can be used if the original is lost, damaged, or destroyed– To back up a file means to make a copy of it
• Offsite backups are stored in a location separate from the computer site
Page 577
Cloud Storage
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Backing Up – The Ultimate Safeguard
• Two categories of backups:– Full backup– Selective backup
• Three-generation backup policy
Page 577
Grandparent
Parent
Child
Discovering Computers 2010: Living in a Digital World Chapter 11
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Wireless Security
• Wireless access poses additional security risks– About 80 percent of wireless networks have no security
protection
• War driving allows individuals to detect wireless networks while driving a vehicle through the area
Page 578Figure 11-23
Click to view Web Link,click Chapter 11, Click Web Link from left navigation, then click War Drivingbelow Chapter 11
Discovering Computers 2010: Living in a Digital World Chapter 11
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Wireless Security
• In additional to using firewalls, some safeguards improve security of wireless networks:
Page 578
A wireless access point should not
broadcast an SSID
Change the default SSID
Configure a WAP so that only
certain devices can access it
Use WPA or WPA2 security standards
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Health Concerns of Computer Use
• The widespread use of computers has led to health concerns– Repetitive strain injury
(RSI)– Carpal tunnel syndrome
(CTS)– Computer vision
syndrome (CVS)
Page 579Figure 11-24
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Health Concerns of Computer Use
Page 580Figure 11-25
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Health Concerns of Computer Use
• Ergonomics is an applied science devoted to incorporating comfort, efficiency, and safety into the design of items in the workplace
Page 580Figure 11-26
Health Concerns of Computer Use
• Computer addiction occurs when the computer consumes someone’s entire social life
• Symptoms of users include:
Discovering Computers 2010: Living in a Digital World Chapter 11
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Craves computer
time
Overjoy when at the
computer
Unable to stop computer
activity
Irritable when not at the computer
Neglects family and
friends
Problems at work or school
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Ethics and Society
• Computer ethics are the moral guidelines that govern the use of computers and information systems
• Information accuracy is a concern– Not all information on
the Web is correct
Pages 581 – 582Figure 11-28
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Ethics and Society
Intellectual property rights are the rights to which creators are entitled for their work
• A copyright protects any tangible form of expression
An IT code of conduct is a written guideline that helps determine whether a specific computer action is ethical or unethical
Page 582
Click to view Web Link,click Chapter 11, Click Web Link from left navigation, then click Digital Rights Management below Chapter 11
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Ethics and Society
Page 583Figure 11-29
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Ethics and Society
• Green computing involves reducing the electricity and environmental waste while using a computer
Pages 583 – 584Figure 11-30
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Ethics and Society
• Information privacy refers to the right of individuals and companies to deny or restrict the collection and use of information about them
• Huge databases store data online• It is important to safeguard your information
Page 584
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Ethics and Society
Page 584Figure 11-31
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Ethics and Society
• When you fill out a form, the merchant that receives the form usually enters it into a database
• Many companies today allow people to specify whether they want their personal information distributed
Page 585Figure 11-32
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Ethics and Society
• A cookie is a small text file that a Web server stores on your computer
• Web sites use cookies for a variety of reasons:
Pages 585 – 586
Allow for personalization
Store users’ passwords
Assist with online
shopping
Track how often users visit
a site
Click to view Web Link,click Chapter 11, Click Web Link from left navigation, then click Cookiesbelow Chapter 11
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Ethics and Society
Page 586Figure 11-33
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Ethics and Society
• Spam is an unsolicited e-mail message or newsgroup posting
• E-mail filtering blocks e-mail messages from designated sources
• Anti-spam programs attempt to remove spam before it reaches your inbox
Page 587Figure 11-34
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Ethics and Society
• Phishing is a scam in which a perpetrator sends an official looking e-mail message that attempts to obtain your personal and financial information
• Pharming is a scam where a perpetrator attempts to obtain your personal and financial information via spoofing
Pages 587 - 588Figure 11-35
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Ethics and Society
• The concern about privacy has led to the enactment of federal and state laws regarding the storage and disclosure of personal data– See Figure 11-36 on page 589 for a listing of major U.S.
government laws concerning privacy• The 1970 Fair Credit Reporting Act limits the
rights of others viewing a credit report to only those with a legitimate business need
Page 588
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Ethics and Society
Social engineering is defined as gaining unauthorized access or obtaining confidential information by taking advantage of trust and naivety
Employee monitoring involves the use of computers to observe, record, and review an employee’s use of a computer
Page 590
Click to view Web Link,click Chapter 11, Click Web Link from left navigation, then click Social Engineeringbelow Chapter 11
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Ethics and Society
• Content filtering is the process of restricting access to certain material on the Web
• Many businesses use content filtering
• Internet Content Rating Association (ICRA)
• Web filtering software restricts access to specified Web sites
Pages 590 – 591Figure 11-37
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Summary
Potential computer risks and the safeguards
Wireless security risks
and safeguards
Computer-related health issues and
preventions
Ethical issues surrounding information accuracy,
intellectual property rights, codes of conduct, green
computing, and information privacy
Page 591
Living in a Digital World
Discovering Computers 2010
Chapter 11 Complete