karura forest strategic management plan
TRANSCRIPT
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APPROVALThisStrategicManagementPlanisherebyapproved;itsimplementationwillbeguidedbythesigned Forest Joint Management Agreement between KFS and the Friends of KaruraCommunityForestAssociationandwillbebasedonapprovedannualworkplans.
Theplanmaybeamendedasneedarisesthroughmutualagreementofbothparties.
EmilioN.Mugo
Director,KenyaForestService
Date
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DEDICATIONThismanagementplanisdedicatedtothelateProfessorWangariMaathai,NobelPeacePrizelaureateandfounderoftheGreenBeltMovement.ProfessorMaathaiisinternationallyrecognizedforherpersistentstrugglefordemocracy,humanrightsandenvironmentalconservation.Inthe1990s,ProfessorMaathaichallengedaplannedsettlementinKaruraForestReserve,riskingjailandbodilyharmtopreservetheforestforgenerationstocome.IfnotforProfessorMaathai'svindicationandbravery,thetreesandtheirecosystemwouldnotbethere.
"Ihaveinvested20yearsofmylifeinthiscampaignfortheenvironmentandI'mstillonlyscratchingthesurface.Iamconfidentofwinning.Nobodywillbuildanything[intheforest]aslongaswelive.Wecannotdignifytheft."
Prof.WagariMaathai,rededicatingherselftothefighttosaveKaruraForest,Nairobi,2001
BytheLocalPlanRevisingCommittee
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FOREWORDKaruraForestReserveissituatedintheoutskirtsofKenya'scapitalcity,Nairobi.ThisremarkablegeographicallocationgivestheforestauniqueroleinNairobiandKenya.Thedensepopulationsurroundingtheforest,includingtwoinformalsettlementsandseveralmoreaffluentareas,hasledtohighdemandsonforestresources.Thesedemandsinclude;fuelwood,water,beekeeping,ecotourismandrecreation.TheForestsAct2005andthedraftForestpolicyhaveusheredinanewerainforestmanagementinKenya,withadispensationthatallowstheinvolvementofforestadjacentcommunitiesintheirmanagement.ThisfollowsasimilarshiftinlegislativechangeinotherEastAfricancountries,suchas,TanzaniaandUganda.Contrarytopastpracticewheremanagementwascentralised,manycountriesaroundtheworldhaveembracedaparticipatoryapproachtothemanagementofforests,andthepracticeisnowwidelyregardedastheacceptablewayofmanagingnaturalresources.
Akeyrequirementofthenewdispensationisthatallforestswillhenceforthbemanagedinaccordancewithamanagementplan.IntheParticipatoryForestManagementcontext,stakeholdersareexpectedtoprepareaParticipatoryForestManagementPlantoguidetheprocessofmanagingtheresourcesoftheforest.Thisisaprocessthatinvolvesaplanningteamdrawnfromallkeystakeholders.KenyaForestService(KFS),FriendsofKaruraForestCFA(FKF)andtheNairobiConservancyForestConservationCommittee(NCFCC)hadcollaboratedinordertopreparethefirstmanagementplanforKaruraforestastheyhavetodraftthissecondmanagementplan
Itishopedthatbyitsadoption,sustainablemanagementoftheKaruraForestReservewillcontinuetoberealized.IthankFKFforthetremendousstridesthathavebeenmadeinconservingKaruraForestandgivingasterlingexampleofproperforestconservationandmanagement.IlookforwardtoevenmorecooperationandgrowthunderthejointmanagementplanwithFKF.MyvisionfortheServiceundermystewardshipistopromotecooperationandcollaborationparticularlyunderthedevolvedCountystructurestoensuresmoothoperationsinmanagementofforestryresources,whilefocusingonincreasingnetforestcover.ItsmyhopethattheFKFexperiencewillbereplicatedinotherforests.
EmilioN.Mugo
Director,KenyaForestService
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTSThedevelopmentofthisStrategicManagementPlanhasbeenacombinedeffortofdifferentstakeholdersthatincludedtheKenyaForestService(KFS),thecommunityandFriendsofKaruraForestCFA(FKF).
TheLocalPlanRevisingCommittee(LPRC),wouldliketoappreciatethecontributionofMr.JohnMacharia,theHeadofManagementplanssection,whoseofficeprovidedtheguidelinesforrevisingmanagementplansandalsofororganizingandimprovingtheinitialdraft.TheLPRCwouldalsowishtoacknowledgetheeffortsofMrs.CharityMunyasya,HeadofNairobiConservancy,Mr.StephenW.Kahunyo,EcosystemConservatorNairobi,hisDeputy,Mrs.JoyceNthukuandMr.JohnOrwa,theForeststationmanagerfortheirinvaluableadvicethroughouttheplanningprocess.
SpecialmentiongoestoMr.DzimujiKambaragefromtheManagementplanssection,Mrs.CristinaBoelckeandMrs.ChantalMariottefromtheFriendsofKaruraCFA(FKF),whoputupinvaluabletimeandefforttomaketheproductionofthisplanasuccess.
Whileitwouldbedifficulttomentioneachandeverystakeholderwhoinonewayortheothertookpartinthisnoblework,alltheireffortsarehighlyappreciatedandacknowledged.
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EXECUTIVESUMMARYThisisthesecondstrategicmanagementplanforKaruraForestcoveringanareaof1041.3haandiscomprisedoftwoblocksnamelyKarura(includingMazingira)andSigiria.Itwillbeimplementedoveraperiodoffiveyears.Thisisanurbanforestandcatersforawideclientelewhosedemandsrangefromsubsistenceneedstorecreationandaesthetics,forthepoorandaffluentrespectively.Mostoftheobjectivesofthefirststrategicmanagementplanhavebeensuccessfullyachieved.
ThevisionoftheplanistokeepKaruraForestsafeandsecure,andaworldclassexampleofsustainableforestmanagementandconservation.
ThegoaloftheplanistoachieveandsustainawellconservedKaruraForestthroughstakeholder'sparticipationforprovisionofrecreationalandecosystemgoodsandservicesforthecityresidentsandbeyond.
Theplanisjustifiedinthatitwillbetheframeworktomoderatetheparticipationofstakeholders,besidesensuringthattheimplementationleadstosustainablemanagementoftheforest.Inordertoachievethese,theforesthasbeendividedintofourzonesnamely;naturalforest,wetlands,plantationsanddevelopedareas,eachofwhichisputunderadifferentmanagementregime.
Thethreatsandconstraintstotheconservationoftheforestinclude:
d)DuetotheprimelocationofKaruraForest,therehasbeen,andcontinuestobepressurefromdeveloperstoclaimforestlandforbuilding;
e)Thethreatposedbygreedypotentialdevelopersclaimingpartsoftheforest;
f)Theforestissusceptibletoforestfiresduringdryperiods;and,
g)Lantanacamaraandotherinvasiveweedsgrowtoovigorously,endangeringindigenousplantsandtrees.
TheoverallobjectiveoftheplanistohaveKaruraForestmanagedandsustainablyconservedforprovisionofrecreationalandecosystemgoodsandservicestoNairobiresidentsandbeyond.Thespecificmanagementobjectivesthatwillguidetheimplementationoftheplanare:
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1)TocontinuetorehabilitatedegradedpartsofKaruraForesttoahealthyandproductiveclosedcanopyforestaswellasensuringachievementofsustainablemanagement;
2)Toprovideaworldclassexampleofsustainableparticipatoryforestmanagement;
3)Tokeeptheforestsafeandsecurefortheenjoymentofallthroughthecontinualprotectionoftheforestfromanyhighimpactdevelopmentotherthanforestryactivitiesand,ensuringecotourismproposalsareinthebestinterestoftheforest;
4)Tocontributetotheimprovementofthelivelihoodofthelocalcommunities;
5)Topromoteenvironmentaleducation,ecotourismandresearchinforestry;
6)Tohaveinplacethenecessaryinfrastructure,vehiclesmachineryandequipment;and,
7)Toprovideforoptimumhumanresourcesforimplementingthemanagementplan.
Theplanfurtherprovidesformonitoringandevaluationoftheplannedactivities,anditsrevision.
LISTOFACRONYMS/ABBREVIATIONS
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AFEW AfricanFundforEndangeredWildlife
Art. Article
BIEA BritishInstituteinEasternAfrica
BP BritishPetroleum
CBOs CommunityBasedOrganizations
CFA CommunityForestAssociation
CID CriminalInvestigationDepartment
CSR CorporateSocialResponsibility
FCC ForestConservationCommittee
FKF FriendsofKarura
FMA ForestManagementAgreement
ICIPE InternationalCentreofInsectPhysiologyandEcology
ICRAF InternationalCentreforResearchinAgroforestry/WorldAgroforestryCentre
IUCN InternationalUnionforConservationofNature
JMC JointManagementCommittee
KEFRI KenyaForestryResearchInstitute
KFEET KaruraForestEnvironmentalEducationalTrust
KPMG KlynveldPeatMarwickGoerdeler
L.N. LegalNotice
M&E MonitoringandEvaluation
NBEs NatureBasedEnterprises
NMK NationalMuseumsofKenya
Proc. Proclamation
SMP StrategicManagementPlan
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SUB-COMP SubCompartment
UN UnitedNations
UNEP UnitedNationsEnvironmentalProgramme
UNON UnitedNationsOffice,Nairobi
TableofContentsAPPROVAL..................................................................................................................................................ii
DEDICATION..............................................................................................................................................iii
FOREWORD...............................................................................................................................................iv
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS.............................................................................................................................v
EXECUTIVESUMMARY.............................................................................................................................vi
LISTOFACRONYMS/ABBREVIATIONS................................................................................................viii
LISTOFFIGURES.......................................................................................................................................xii
LISTOFPLATES.........................................................................................................................................xii
1.0 INTRODUCTION.............................................................................................................................1
1.1 TITLEOFTHEPLAN...................................................................................................................1
1.2 VISION........................................................................................................................................1
1.3 GOAL...........................................................................................................................................1
1.4 PURPOSE....................................................................................................................................1
1.5 JUSTIFICATION..........................................................................................................................1
1.6 IMPLEMENTATIONOFTHEPLAN...........................................................................................2
1.7 PLANPERIOD.............................................................................................................................2
1.8 AMMENDMENTSANDREVISIONOFTHEPLAN...................................................................2
1.9 FUNDINGFORTHEPLAN.........................................................................................................2
2.0 DESCRIPTIONOFTHEFOREST....................................................................................................3
2.1 LEGALSTATUS...........................................................................................................................3
2.2 GEOGRAPHICLOCATION.........................................................................................................4
2.3 BIOPHYSICALDESCRIPTION....................................................................................................7
2.4 HISTORYOFKARURAFOREST...............................................................................................12
2.5 SOCIO-ECONOMICSTATUSANDASSESSMENTOFTHEFORESTCOMMUNITY............13
2.6 STAKEHOLDERANALYSIS.......................................................................................................14
2.7 THREATSFACINGTHEFOREST..............................................................................................19
3.0 PLANNINGCONSIDERATIONS...................................................................................................20
3.1 BACKGROUND.........................................................................................................................20
3.2 RELEVANTPOLICIESANDLEGALFRAMEWORK.................................................................20
3.3 STRATEGIES..............................................................................................................................27
3.4 INTERNATIONALANDREGIONALAGREEMENTSANDTREATIES....................................28
3.5 IMPORTANCEOFKARURAFOREST......................................................................................30
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3.6 CONSERVATIONCHALLENGES..............................................................................................36
3.7 FORESTZONATION.................................................................................................................36
4.0 MANAGEMENTPROGRAMMES...............................................................................................38
4.1 REHABILITATIONANDMANAGEMENTPROGRAMME.....................................................38
4.2 PARTICIPATORYFORESTMANAGEMENTPROGRAMME.................................................44
4.3 FORESTSAFETYANDSECURITYPROGRAMME..................................................................46
4.4 LOCALCOMMUNITIES'LIVELIHOODSPROGRAMME........................................................49
4.5 ENVIRONMENTALEDUCATION,ECOTOURISMANDRESEARCHPROGRAMME...........51
4.6 INFRASTRUCTURE,VEHICES,MACHINERYANDEQUIPMENTPROGRAMME...............54
4.7 HUMANRESOURCESPROGRAMME....................................................................................59
5.0 PLANIMPLEMENTATIONANDFINANCIALMANAGEMENT.................................................61
5.1 PLANIMPLEMENTATIONANDSUSTAINABILITY...............................................................61
5.2 FINANCIALMANAGEMENT...................................................................................................61
5.3 RESOURCEMOBILIZATION....................................................................................................61
5.4 FUNDRAISINGSTRATEGIES...................................................................................................63
5.5 GUIDINGPRINCIPLESFORTHEIMPLEMENTATIONOFTHEPLAN..................................63
5.6 ENVIRONMENTALIMPACTASSESSMENT...........................................................................64
5.7 PLANMONITORINGANDEVALUATION..............................................................................65
6.0 REFERENCES.................................................................................................................................69
7.0 APPENDICES.................................................................................................................................71
7.1 APPENDIX1:INSTITUTIONALARRANGEMENTSFORPLANIMPLEMENTATION..........71
7.2 APPENDIX2:DETAILSOFTHEPLANTATIONSWITHINKARURA(2008NRMDATA)....72
7.3 APPENDIX3:MANDATEOFTHEKARURAJOINTMANAGEMENTCOMMITTEE............73
7.4 APPENDIX4:KENYAFORESTSERVICE(KFS)ANDFRIENDSOFKARURAFOREST(FKF)-STAKEHOLDERENGAGEMENTPOLICYFORTREEPLANTINGINKARURAFOREST.......75
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LISTOFFIGURESFigure1:KaruraForestestablishments&Geographicallocation 5
Figure2:KaruraForestdrainage 9
Figure3:EcotourismsitesinKaruraForest 11
Figure4:KaruraForestroadnetwork 55
Figure5:KaruraForestcovertypemap 55
LISTOFPLATESPlate1:Astreamintheforest 9
Plate2:Acaveintheforest 31
Plate3:Amatureplantationintheforest 32
Plate4:Awaterfallintheforest 33
Plate5:Signageonthefamilytrail 34
Plate6:Oneofthetrailsintheforest 34
Plate7:Arehabilitationactivityintheforest 40
Plate8:KaruraForestTreeNursery 41
Plate9:Bambooplantingonthebanksofthestreamsintheforest 42
LISTOFTABLES
Table1:HistoryofalterationofboundariesofKaruraForestReserve 3
Table2:DistributionoftheareaofKaruraForest 5
Table3:KaruraForestAreaStatementbasedontheRapidProportionalSurvey,2010 7
Table4:Stakeholders'rolesandresponsibilities 15
Table5:Zonationcriteria(2010-2014) 37
Table6:Summaryofmanagementactionsforrehabilitationandmanagementprogramme 43
Table7:SummaryofmanagementactionsfortheParticipatoryforestmanagementprogramme..45
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Table8:SummaryofmanagementactionsforForestprotectionandsecurityprogramme 47
Table9:Summaryofmanagementactionsforthelocalcommunities'livelihoodsimprovementprogramme 50
Table10:Summaryofmanagementactionsforenvironmentaleducation,ecotourismandresearchprogramme 53
Table11:Summaryofmanagementactionsfortheinfrastructure,vehicles,machineryandequipmentprogramme 58
Table12:StaffstrengthinKaruraforest 59
Table13:Summaryofmanagementactionsforthehumanresourcesprogramme 60
Table14:Karuraforeststationrevenuecollectionfortheperiod2010to2015 61
Table15:Revenuesfromgates,picnicsandotherevents 62
Table16:Summaryofnegativeimpactsandmitigationmeasuresofplannedactivities 64
Table17:Monitoringindicators 66
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INTRODUCTION
ThisisthemanagementplanforKaruraForestcoveringanareaof1,041.3Ha.Theforestcomprisestwoblocks,namelyKarura(whichincludesMazingira)andSigiria,andhousestheKenyaForestServiceHeadquarters.TheforestcomprisesofbothnaturalforestandplantationsandisanurbanforestinthecapitalcityofNairobi.
1. TITLEOFTHEPLANThetitleoftheplanis:KaruraForestStrategicManagementPlan(2016-2020).
2. VISION
TomakeKaruraForestaworldclassexampleofasustainablymanagedandconservedforestreservewhichissecureandsafe.
3. GOALToachieveandsustainawellconservedKaruraForestthroughstakeholder'sparticipationforprovisionofrecreationalandecosystemgoodsandservicesfortheresidentsofNairobiandbeyond..
4. PURPOSEForestsprovideessentialservicestoKenyaandtheworld,includingsoilandwaterconservationandtheproductionofwood.ThefirststrategicmanagementplanforKarurawasdraftedincollaborationwithlocalcommunitiesandrelevantstakeholders.Thisaddedvaluetoforestservicesenhancedcooperationwiththelocalcommunitiesandledtobetterconservationofthisimportantnaturalresource.ThesecondStrategicManagementPlan2016-2020isintendedtooutlinetheactivitiestobecarriedoutincompliancewithkeyregulatoryandpolicydocuments,suchastheForestsAct,SessionalPaper9,2005,theconservationandmanagementofforestsbill2015.Inaddition,thismanagementplanwillbeinlinewith,andcontributetotheKenyaForestService'sthreeyearStrategicPlan(2014-2017).
5. JUSTIFICATIONForthelast5years,KaruraForestReservehasbeenverysuccessfullymanagedaccordingtoitsfirststrategicmanagementplan.PreviouslytheForestDepartment,theprecursorofKFS,wasresponsibleforallmanagementactionsandwasnotobligedtoconsultwithotherstakeholders.Thiswasbecausetherewasnolegalprovisiontoallowfortheactiveinvolvementandparticipationofstakeholdersinforestmanagement.Itisduringthisperiod(inthe90s)thatattemptsweremadetoexcisevastareasoftheforestduetolackofstakeholderparticipation.Thefirststrategicmanagementplanhasindicatedthatthemanagementoftheforestshouldbedriventowardsachievementofadefinedlong-termvisionfortheforest,andthemanagementdecisionsshouldn'tbemadebasedoncurrent
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considerations,orinfluencedbyfactorsotherthanthelongtermsustainabilityoftheresource.AccordingtotheForestsActsection35,allforestsmustbemanagedinaccordancewithamanagementplanandKaruraForestReserveisaprimeexampleofawell-designedandsuccessfullyimplementedstrategicmanagementplan.ThisSMPidentifiesallthestakeholders,theirrolesandresponsibilities.Todate,awidenumberofstakeholdershaveworkedwithKFSandFKFintheforest.Theyhavecommittedthemselvestothegoalsandvisionoutlinedinthissecondmanagementplan.Bycreatingamanagementplanthatisagreeduponanddevelopedinanon-goingprocess,anefficientandcohesivemanagementoftheforestcanbeachieved.Thisapproachalsoensuresthesustainabilityoftheforest,asactivitiesaregearedtowardstheachievementofdefinedobjectivesintheshort-termandtheplannedfuture.
6. IMPLEMENTATIONOFTHEPLANTheSMPshallbeimplementedbytheKFSandFKF.AllactivitiesintheforestmustbeapprovedbytheKFS/FKFJointManagementCommittee.
7. PLANPERIODThisplancoversafiveyearperiodstartingfrom2016-2020.
8. AMENDMENTSANDREVISIONOFTHEPLANAconsultationprocesswasundertakeninthedevelopmentandrevisionofthesecondmanagementplan,withkeystakeholderscontributingtoitsfinalform.AnydevelopmentorprojectoutsidethisplanmustbeapprovedbytheFCCandtheKFSboard.
9. FUNDINGFORTHEPLANThefundingoftheSMPwillcomefromaccruedrevenue,KFSanddonorsupport.
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1. DESCRIPTIONOFTHEFOREST
1. LEGALSTATUSKarura Forest Reserve was originally gazetted in 1932 through Proclamation No. 44. TheForestbecameaCentralGovernmentForestReservein1964,throughLegalNotice174.KaruraForestReserveisjointlymanagedbytheKenyaForestServiceandFKFCFAundertheForestsActof2005throughthejointmanagementcommittee.
1. ExcisionsandAdditionsSince itsestablishment in1932,theforesthasbeenaffectedby5excisionstotalingapprox.114Ha.Table1:HistoryofalterationofboundariesofKaruraForestReserveYear Proclamation/
LegalNoticeAction Area
affectedTotalarea
1932 Proc.44/1932 EstablishmentofKaruraForestReserve 1062.7Ha 1062.7Ha
1951 Proc.15/1951 Excision -1.6Ha 1061.1Ha1954 Proc.30/1954 Addition +1.6Ha 1062.7Ha1956 L.N.289/1956 Excision -18.6Ha 1044.1Ha1964 L.N.174/1964 Declarationascentralforest 1044.1Ha
1986 L.N.310/5.12.1986 Excision -2.78Ha 1041.3Ha1993 L.N.301/24.9.1993 Excision.>Exchange
Addition>-5.86Ha+5.63Ha
1041.3Ha
(Source-AsperKFSsurveyrecords)Overtheyears,gazettedforestlandinKarurahasbeenallocatedtonationalandinternationalpublicinstitutions.Theyinclude:•CriminalInvestigationDepartment(CID)headquarters(9.0Ha);•NationalSecurityandIntelligenceService(NSIS)headquarters(5.8Ha);and,•WorldAgroforestryCentre(ICRAF)headquarters(3.0Ha).Forestlandhasalsobeenleasedtocorporateentities:•MuthaigaGolfClub(21.8Ha);and,•BPShellSportsClub(6.0Ha).
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TheKaruraForestisthehosttotheheadquartersoftheKenyaForestServiceandKFSresidentialarea.
2. GEOGRAPHICLOCATIONKaruraForestReserveissituatedinthenorthernpartofNairobiMunicipality.ItformspartoftheNairobiriverbasin.TheForestcomprisesthreesectionsseparatedbytheLimuruRoadandtheKiambuRoad.ThesouthernboundaryoftheforestliesmainlyalongtheGetathuruRiver(althoughthewesternsectionofthethreepartsincludesanareabelowthisriver).TheWesternSection(knownasSigiria)isdelineatedbyacutandbeaconedlinealongitsboundarywiththeresidentialareaofNewMuthaigatotheWest,theresidentialareasofGigiri/RosslyntotheNorth(alongtheThigiruRiver-atributaryoftheGetathuruRiver),LimuruRoadtotheEastandtheGetathuruRivertotheSouth.TheMiddleSectionisboundedbyacutandbeaconedlinealongLimuruRoad,theresidentialareaofMuthaigaNorthandRundatothewest,RuiRuakaRiver,Hurumavillage,aroad,andfarmlandtothenorth,KiambuRoadtotheeastandGetathuruRiver1tothesouth.TheEasternSection(Mazingira)isboundedbytheKiambuRoadtoitswest,ThikaRoadtotheeast,andMuthaigaGolfClubtothesouth(towhichityieldsanextension).
1. ForestmanagementunitsThe forest is divided into two blocks jointly managed by KFS and FKF via the forestmanagementcommittee.Thereusedtobethreeoutposts.OnlyoneremainsatLimurugatewhiletwowereabandoned,namelytheoneinSigiriaduetooldageandtheothernexttoBPShellClubduetoinsecurity.Table2:DistributionoftheareaofKaruraForestBlock Area(Ha) Remarks Karura&EasternSalient(Mazingira)
797.3Ha ThisisthelargestblockandhousestheKFSHeadquarters
Sigiria 244Ha Thisblockhasalargemarshland.Itisiswellprotectedbytheadjacentup-marketresidentialareas.
Total 1,041.3
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Figure1:KaruraForestestablishmentsandgeographicallocation
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TheareaoftheforestisfurthersubdividedasshowninTable3below.The"Other"categoryalsocoversalltheareaoccupiedbybuildings,treenurseriesandotherfacilities.
Forest Block
Indigenous Forest (*)
Exotic Plantation
Degraded Indigenous (unstocked)
Planted Abandoned
Planted Managed
Grassland Wetland Other Total
Karura 212 266 35 45.8 63.5 11.5 59.2 (**) 693.0 Masingira 25 0 0 0 0 0 79.3 (***) 104.3 Sigiria 20 195 8.5 0 8.7 11.8 0 244.0 Total 257 461 43.5 45.8 72.2 23.3 138.5 1,041.3 Percent 25% 44% 4% 4% 7% 2% 13% 100%
Table3:KaruraForestAreasbasedontheKFS-FKFRapidProportionalSurvey,2010,anddetailedmapfeatureupdatesfromGoogleEarth2015.NotethatthemainKarurablockandtheMasingira(EasternSalient)blocksumto797.3haintotal.(*)TheseareasincludepatchesofLantanacamara.(**)Includestheareasoccupiedbybuildings,treenurseries,the7.0haRangerVillageaswellas4.7haofindigenousMuhuguwiththeKFSHeadquartersenclave.(***)IncludesMuthaigaGolfClub,CIDheadquarters,NSIS,MadaHotel,etc.
3. BIOPHYSICALDESCRIPTION1. Topography
ThetopographyofKaruraisgentlyrolling,occasionedbyshallowvalleys.Drainageisgenerallyinthesoutherlyandeasterndirection.SusceptibledepressionsintheWesternSectionofKarura(previouslycalledSigiriaforest)holdsmalllocalswampswhicharethreatenedbyeucalyptustrees.
2. ClimateTheclimateofKaruraForestischaracterisedbytwowetseasons:April-JuneandOctober-December.JulytoAugustisacold,cloudybutdryperiod.FromAugusttoOctoberisasunnyanddryperiod.January,FebruaryandearlyMarcharehot,drymonths.TheaverageannualrainfallatKaruraForestStationwasrecordedoverthepast10yearsas928.3mmwithamaximumof1,239.9mmandaminimumof345.0mm.InNovember2015,KaruraexperiencedthehighestNovembermonthlyrainfallrecordedsince1945at590mm.Temperaturesremainconstantthroughouttheyearandvaryroughlywiththetimesofcloudandsunshinebetween8and28C.
3. Geology
TheKaruraForestliesovertertiaryvolcanicrocks.Volcanictuffswithintercalatedflowsofbasalticlarvaarethecommonforms.Bothtypesareoccasionallyexposedinthedeeperrivervalleys,andthetuffsyieldthecommongreybuildingstoneoftheNairobidistrict.Occasionally
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"Chimneys"oflarvaarefoundexposedonthetopsandridesofridgesasintheboththeWesternsectionandMiddlesectionofKarura.
4. Soils
Theareahassufferedverylittletectonicorotherdisturbancessincetertiarytimes,andthustheparentrockshavebeenweatheredtogreatdepthsandgivingveryevensoilprofiles.Undernaturalforesttheresultingsoilisverydeep;riddingbrownclayeyloamwithslowbutfreeprofiledrainage.Suchsoilsbecomeverystickywhenwetbutdryveryquicklyandtendtoshrinkandcrack.Theupperfewinchesofsoilareusuallystaineddarkbrownwithincorporatedhumus,butnodeeplitterlayerdevelops.
Undergrasslandinfreelydrainedareas,thesoilisverysimilartothatunderforeststands,butinthelowlyingareasadifferentsoilisfound.Theselowlyingareasareintermittentlywaterlogged,andthewatertablefluctuatesgreatly,andasmallamountoffinesoilmaterialisusuallycarriedinfromneighbouringhigherground.Undersuchconditions,thesoilisusuallyveryheavy,darkgreyclay,oftenstainedblackwithun-decomposedhumus"BlackCottonSoils".Atvaryingdepthsbelowthisclaylayer,from2"to3ft.belowthesurface,redbrownlateriteisfound.Itisarecemenationproduct,richinironcompounds,associatedwithswampyareashavingashiftingwatertable.
Laterite,locallyknownas‘murram'isausefulgravelforroadmaintenance.Anotherformof‘murram'ispartiallydecomposedparentrock,andmaybefoundatthefootofnearlyallsoilprofileswheretherockissufficientlynearthesurfaceforittobeexcavated.Thisformof‘murram'isalsopopularforroadsurfacing,butislesssatisfactorythanlaterite.
Generallyspeaking,KaruraForestsoilsareeminentlysuitedtotreegrowth,withassisteddrainageinthecaseofswampysites.
5. HydrologyandDrainage
FivetributariesofNairobiRiverpassthroughKaruraForestReserve.Theseare:1. TheRuakaRiverwhichseparatesKaruraRiverandtheRundaResidentialarea;
2. TheKaruraRiverwithtraversesthroughtheforest;
3. TheGitathuruRiverwhichborderstheForestalongitsSouthernedgewith
MuthaigaResidentialarea;
1. TheThigiriRiver(atributaryofGetathuruRiver)whichtraversedthroughthewesternsectionofKaruraForest;and
2. TheMathareriverwhichispartoftheSouthernboundaryoftheSigiriablock.
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Figure3:KaruraForestdrainage
Plate1:TheKaruraRiverabovethewaterfall
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1. Flora
Forestplantationscover461HaandarecomprisedspeciessuchasAraucariacunninghamii,Eucalyptussaligna,E.globula,Brachylaenahuillensis,Grevillearobusta,CupressustorulosaandCupressuslusitanica.Theareaunderplantationswasmoreextensiveinthepastbutdecreasedwhenabigportionofitwastargetedforexcisionin2004leadingtoprematureharvesting.AsconsequencethisareawasinvadedbyLantanacamaraandhasbeenthemainfocusofrehabilitationeffortintheforestmainlywithindigenousspecies.
Almostalltheplantationsintheforesthavepassedtheireconomicrotationage.TheEucalyptussp.rangefrom38-93years,Araucariacunninghamii(44-56years),Cupressustorulosa(34-56years).Mostoftheseplantationswillthereforestartsuccumbingtoage-relateddyinginthenearfuture.
Indigenoustreescover257HaandarecomprisedofspeciessuchasOleaeuropeaevar.africana,Crotonmegalocarpus,Warburgiaugandensis(Muthiga),Brachyleanahuillensis(Muhugu),Uvaridendronanisatum,Markhamialutea,Tecleanobilis,Juniperusprocera(Cedar),Craebeanbrownii,Newtoniabuchananii,Salvadorapersica,Ficusthonningii,Trichiliaemetica,CalondendrumcapenseandDombeyagoetzenii.
AdditionallyanumberofshrubsarealsofoundwhichhavewidelocalmedicinaluseandincludeStrychnoshenningsii(Muteta),Erythrococcabongensis(Muharangware),Vangueriamadagascariensis(Mubiro),Rhamnusprinoides(Mukarakinga),Caesalpiniavolkensii(Mubuthi),Solanumspp.(Mutongu),Elaeodendronbuchananii(Mutanga)andRhusnatalensis(Muthigio).
TheriparianbeltsalongriversGitathuroandRuakaarepartlycoveredbyArudinariaalpina,theKenyanativebamboospecies.TheexoticgiantbambooDendrocalamusgiganteusismainlyfoundgrowingwithintheareaofthetreenurseryalongKaruraRiverwhereitmayhavebeenintroducedinthepast.Additionallytherearethreewetlandswhichoccupy10.5Ha.Theseserveasimportanthabitatsforbirdsandthereforeareidealareasforbirdwatchers.
Degradedindigenous:thereare43.5Haofdegradedindigenous,notstocked.
72.2Hahavebeenreplantedwithindigenousandaremanagedand45.8Hahavebeenplantedbuthavenotbeenmanaged.
2. Fauna
Themotionactivatedkaruracamshaveshownthattheforesthostsaround20differentvarietiesofmammals.TheseincludeHarvey'sduikers,suni,bushbucks,bushpigs,genets,
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civets,bushbabies,porcupines,sykesmonkeys,squirrels,hares,epauletted-bat,giantpouchedrats,whitetailedmongoose,clawlessotters,jackals.Colobusguerezakikuyense(Colobusmonkey)havebeentranslocatedtotheforestfromrapidlydisappearinghabitats.
Reptilesincludecobras,pythons,greensnakesandmonitorlizardsamongothers.
3. Avifauna
Some113birdspecieshavebeenobservedinKaruraForest.TheyincludeAfricancrownedeagle,AyresHawk-eagle,crows,owls,sparrows,doves,weavers,Hartlaub'sTuracoandNarinaTrogon.
4. Forestattractions
Figure4:SomeattractionsinKaruraForest
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Theforestfeaturesa50footwaterfall,cavesthatareconsideredsacredbymanyandhavehistoricvaluebecauseoftheiruseduringthedaysoftheMauMau.AnarchaeologicalsurveyofthecavescarriedoutbyNMKhasrevealedstonetoolsandotherartefactsdated4500yearsoldandothersestimatedatbetween50and300000yearsold,themiddlestoneageperiod.Therearealsomarshlandswhichattractbirdlife,awidediversityofindigenoustrees,LillyLake,Amanigarden,oldnotesincinerator,beautifulnaturetrailsandWangariMaathaicorner.KaruraForestisalsotheplacewhereProfessorWangariMaathai(NobelPeacePrizewinner)wasattackedforstandinguptothedevelopershopingtograbtheareaoflandtothenorthoftheKarurariver.
2. HISTORYOFKARURAFOREST
1. Pre-gazettement
Duringthepre-colonialperiod,KaruraForestisbelievedtobehaveclaimedbythevariousGikuyufamilies.TheforestwassurrenderedtotheBritishGovernmentatthetimeofcolonizationallegedlyonconditionthatitremainedforestland.
Post-gazettement
KaruraForestwasgazettedin1932andwasoneoftheearliesttoberecognisedassuch.
ThefirstexperimentalplantationsinKaruraweremadein1906.AtthattimevariousspeciesofEucalyptusandsomeCypressweretried.Intheinitialstages,theForestwascomprisedprincipallyofanaturalforestofBrachylaenahuillensis(Muhugu),CrotonmegalocarpusandWarburgiaugandensis(Muthiga).Upto1935itwasfashionabletoplantacertainproportionofindigenousspecies,eitherpureorinmixturewithEucalyptus.However,whenEucalyptuswasfoundtogrowatextremelyfastrates,thenaturalforestwasreducedovertheyearsandre-plantedwiththisspecies(Eucalyptusprovidedfuelwoodatarotationageoftwelve(12)yearswhilstitwasestimatedthatthenaturalforestwouldrequireseventyyearstoreachanequivalentgirthandvolume).Thiswoodwasusedtoprovidefuelwoodfortherailways,polestocarryelectricalwires,andfortheconstructionindustry.
WithtimeandonthebasisoftheeverpressingdemandsforfuelfromtheadjacentandfastgrowingmetropolisofNairobi,Eucalyptusbecametheprinciplespeciesplantedalmosttotheexclusionofallothers.AnotherspeciesAraucariacunninghamiiwasestablished,madegoodprogressandprovedapossiblealternativetoEucalyptusforplantinginKarura,butitsfuel-woodrotationoffifty(50)yearsseemedtoolongincomparison.
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DemandforfuelandconstructionmaterialinNairobifrom1950-1970increasedwithagrowingAfricanandAsianpopulationdespitetheexistenceofotherformsoffuelsuchaselectricityandparaffin.
TheplantationsinKarurawereestablishedthroughthe‘shamba'system.Kenya's‘shamba'orTaungyasystemhasbeengenerallydefinedasaformofagroforestry,wherefarmersareencouragedtocultivateprimarycrops(maize,cabbages,potatoes,beansandcarrots)onpreviouslyclearcutpublicforestlandontheconditionthattheyreplanttrees.Sincethemid-20thcentury,Kenyaadoptedthissystemtoestablishtreeplantationsbymeansofcheaporfreelabour,inordertomeetthedemandfortimber.
3. SOCIO-ECONOMICSTATUSANDASSESSMENTOFTHEFORESTCOMMUNITY
1. Forestadjacentcommunity
KaruraForestissurroundedbycommunitiesofverydifferentextremesocio-economicstatuscomprisingofbothaffluentandlessaffluentcommunities.
Affluentcommunitiesinclude:
• Muthaigaresidentialarea
• NewMuthaigaresidentialarea;
• Gigiriresidentialarea;
• Ridgewaysresidentialarea;
• Rundaresidentialarea;
• Whispers;and
• Peponi.
AlltheaboveresidentialareashaveResidentsAssociationswhicharerepresentedontheFKFboard.
Lessaffluentcommunitiesinclude:
• DeepSeainformalsettlementintheWestlandsareahasbenefitedfromemploymentfromtheforest.
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• HurumaandGithogoroinformalsettlement,totheNorthoftheforest.ThisinformalsettlementhasseveralregisteredgroupswhichbenefitfromtheKaruraForest.Thesecommunityisinvolvedinclearinginvasivesandplantingtrees.Membersofthissettlementhavealsobeenallowedtokeepbeehivesintheforest.
4. STAKEHOLDERANALYSIS
Therearevariousstakeholderswithinterestwithintheforest.Theirimpactonforestmanagementandconservationhasbeensignificantthankstotheeffortsmadetoinvolvetheminparticipatoryforestmanagementactivities.
1. RangeOfStakeholders
KaruraForestReservestakeholdersarenumerousandbroadranged.Theyinclude:
a)KenyaForestService;
b)PrivateandbusinessSector
d)CommunitiesandresidentsAssociations;
e)Donors-donationshavebeenreceivedfromorganizationsandindividualswithanindependentinterestinpreservingtheforest;
f)Non-governmentalorganizations.
Theintegrationofstakeholderspromotes:
• Asenseofownershipoftheforest.
• Sustainableandlongtermmanagementoftheforest.
• Strengtheningsocialsecurityprotecttraditionaluserrightsandaccesstoforestresources.
• Communalriskadjustmentstrategies.
• Complementaryratherthancompetitiveactivitiesinforestmanagement.
2. RolesandResponsibilitiesofStakeholders
Table4:Stakeholders'rolesandresponsibilitiesStakeholders
RolesandresponsibilitiesLevelofinfluence1. GovernmentDepartments
KenyaForestService 1. Forestadministration,treeHigh
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planting,protectionoftheforest,revenuecollection,creationofemployment
2. Treeplanting,controlsfelling(harvesting),enforcesforestby-laws
3. Revenuecollectionfromsaleofforestproduce
4. Licensingandregulationofexploitationofforestproducts
5. Clearfelledareasre-forestationandrehabilitationofdegradedareas
6. Maintenanceofplantationforests
7. Collaborationwithstakeholdersonecosystemmanagement
8. Forestfirespreventionandsuppression
NationalLandCommission
1. Revocationofillegaltitles
2. Issuanceoftitles
High
Stakeholders Rolesandresponsibilities
LevelofinfluenceGovernmentDepartments
NationalGovernmentAdministrationOffice
1. Enforceforestlaws2. Helpcommunityin
adviceandsecurity3. Helpineducationtothe
communityinforestconservation
4. Provisionofenablingpoliticalgoodwill
High
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WaterResourcesManagementAuthority(WRMA)
1. ImplementationoftheWaterAct
2. protectcatchmentandriverineareas
Low
3. Development,control,conserveandregulationofwaterresources
4. AssessmentandMonitoringofwaterresources(qualityandlevels)
5. Conservationandprotectionofwatercatchmentthroughcollaborationwithotherstakeholders
GovernmentDepartments KenyaForestryResearchInstitute(KEFRI)
1. Undertakeresearchissuesontrees,forestdiseases,treebreeding,speciestrialsandtheirdocumentationanddissemination
2. TechnicalordersdevelopmentinconjunctionwithKFS
3. SupplyingcertifiedseedstoKFS,stakeholdersandcommunitymembers
High
NationalMuseumsofKenya(NMK) 1. KaruraForestconservation,educationprogrammespreparationandpresentationthroughfilms,videoshowsanddocumentaries
2. ProvidereferencematerialontheKaruraforestecosystem
3. ConductresearchonthepastuseofculturalsiteswithinKaruraForest
4. Plantidentificationthroughpreparationofherbariums
High
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NationalEnvironmentManagementAuthority
1. Responsibleforthemanagementoftheenvironment,andenvironmentalpolicy
High
KenyaWildlifeService 2. Managementofwildlife HighInstituteofPrimateResearch 3. Managementofprimates HighKenyaTourismBoard 4. Promotionoftourismin High
Kenya
5. InternationalOrganizations
UNON,UNEP,UNDP,WorldAgroforestryCentre,ICIPE
1. Funding and capacitybuilding
High
Stakeholders Rolesandresponsibilities
Levelofinfluence3.CivilSociety(NGOsandCBOs)
AFEW,OshwalCommunity,SukumaTwende,DrewsFoundation,BIEA,FriendsofCityPark,NatureKenya,GreenBeltMovement,residentsassociationforMuthaiga,Gigiri,NewMuthaiga,Peponi,Runda,Whispers,HurumaVision,HurumaNewDawn,HurumaMushroom,Karuma,DeepSeacommunity
2. Afforestationandrehabilitation
High
4.FriendsofKarura(CFA)
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3. PartnershipwithKFSinco-managingtheforestthroughthejointmanagementagreement
4. StakeholdersinForestmanagement(e.g.forestregeneration,forestdevelopmentandmaintenance,infrastructurebuildingandmaintenance,education,research,communitypatrols,monitoring)
5. Establishincomegeneratingactivities(IGA)/projectse.g.beekeepingtoreduceoverdependenceontheforestresources
High
6. Liaisewithkeyconservationagenciesthroughmemorandaofunderstanding(MoU)
7. Ecotourismventuresestablishment
8. Indigenousconservationtechnologies/knowledgedisseminationtothepresentgeneration
9. Cooperationinfirepreventionandsuppressionactivities
10. Undertakeconservation-relatedactivities
5NairobiCountyGovernment
1. Provision of enabling
goodwill2. Provision of licenses,
wayleaves,wateretc
High
6.Privatesector G4S, Bins, Davis &Shirtliff, EABL,Yellowpages,Pelican,H&Young,APAInsurance, KPMG, Oscho Chemicals,Steel Structures, Vivo Energy,Alliance media, Ovidian and I&MBankamongmanyothers
1. Fundingafforestationrehabilitationandotheractivities
High
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Duringthefiveyearsofthisnewmanagementplan,KFSandFKFaimtoencouragecurrentstakeholderstobeinvolvedfurtherintheexecutionofthemanagementplanandtoseekadditionalstakeholders.
TodateKaruraForestReserveisco-managedbyKFSandFKFthroughthejointforestmanagementcommittee.However,thereareopportunitiesforpartnershipstobeestablished.A‘FriendsofKaruraCommunityForestAssociation'(FKF)hasbeenregisteredaccordingtheForestsAct2005.FKFprovidestheplatformthatfacilitatesthecollaborationofkeystakeholders.IthasajointmanagementagreementwiththeKFStosustainablymanagetheKaruraForestforthebenefitoflocalandwidercommunitiesandensureKaruraForestisprotectedforfuturegenerations.Currently,itincludesrepresentationfromallsurroundingcommunities(bothaffluentandimpoverished).
1. THREATSFACINGTHEFOREST
NomajorthreatspersisthowevertherearestillsomedeveloperswhocontinuetoclaimownershipofpartsofKarura.
Challengesarestilltherewhichinclude:
• Theforestissusceptibletoforestfiresduringdryperiods;and,
• Lantanacamaraandotherinvasiveweedsgrowtoovigorously,endangeringindigenousplantsandtrees
2. Pestsanddiseases
3. PLANNINGCONSIDERATIONS
1. BACKGROUND
ForestconservationinKenyahasfacedmanychallengesoverthelastthreedecadesthathavebeenlinkedtoweaknessinpolicyandmarketfailures.HoweverthenewForestsconservationandmanagementbill2015focusesonforestdevelopment,conservation,participatorymanagementinKenyaandresponsivenesstostakeholderneedsandpriorities,thusfosteringapositiveattitudetowardsforestconservation.Thenewlegislationpromotesenvironmentalsustainabilitythroughpublicparticipation,cooperationandamoresustainableforestmanagementapproach.
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Thebroadobjectiveofforestlegislation(ForestsAct2005,ForestPolicy2007andForestConservationandManagementbill2015)istoprovidecontinuousguidancetoallKenyansonthesustainablemanagementofforests.Thisinvolvestakingcognizanceofotherexistingpoliciesrelatingtolandandlanduse,tenure,agriculture,energy,environment,mining,wildlifeandwater.Theneedforgreatercooperationandlinkageamongresourceowners,users,andresourceplanners,isrecognizedandrecentpolicyincorporatesforest-relatedvaluesofthepeopleofKenya,aswellasinternationalconcerns.Indigenousforestmanagement,farmforestry,industrialforestdevelopment,drylandforestry,foresthealthandprotection,privatesectorinvolvementandPFMareallseenaskeycomponentsofforestmanagement.Policyrecognizesthattherearebenefitsarisingfromtheinvolvementoflocalcommunitiesandotherstakeholdersinforestmanagement.Povertyreductionisidentifiedasagoalwiththeforestrysectorinthemainstreamofeconomicrecoverystrategies.Mostimportantly,policyemphasizestheimportanceofforestsforwaterandbiodiversityconservation,andaddressescostandbenefitsharing.
2. RELEVANTPOLICIESANDLEGALFRAMEWORK
1. TheConstitutionofKenya2010
TheconstitutionofKenya(2010)providesgroundforformulationofadaptationandmitigationlegislation,policiesandstrategiesbyguaranteeingtherighttoacleanandhealthyenvironmentunderthebillofrights.
2. ForestPolicyandForestsAct2005
TheForestsAct2005identifiescriticalareastobeaddressediftheforestsectoristoberevampedandprovidestheappropriatelegalandinstitutionalframeworkforsustainableforestmanagementinKenya.Thegoalofthepolicyistoenhancethecontributionoftheforestsectorinprovisionofeconomic,socialandenvironmentalgoodsandserviceswhilesomeofthespecificobjectivesrelevanttoKaruraForestare:
• Tocontributetopovertyreduction,employmentcreationandimprovementoflivelihoodsthroughsustainableuse,conservationandmanagementofforestsandtrees;
• Tocontributetosustainablelandusethroughsoil,waterandbiodiversityconservation,andtreeplantingthroughthesustainablemanagementofforestsandtrees;
• Topromotetheparticipationoftheprivatesector,communitiesandotherstakeholdersinforestManagementtoconservewatercatchmentareas,createemployment,reducepovertyandensurethesustainabilityoftheforestsector;and,
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• Topromoteforestresearch,trainingandeducationtoensureavibrantforestsector.
Inrespecttotheseobjectives,someofthedegradedareasoftheforesthavebeenrehabilitatedandotherswillfollow;partnershipforconservationanddevelopmentoftheforestwillcontinuetobepromotedwhileresearchtrainingandeducationwillcontinuetobesupported.
InresponsetoSection13oftheAct-aForestConservationCommitteehasbeenestablishedfortheNairobiConservancy,thefunctionsofwhichare:
• TogathertheideasandopinionsofthelocalcommunitywithinandsurroundingforestconservationareasandreportthesetotheKFS.Withspecificreferencetoconservationandutilisationoftheforest;
• Tomonitortheimplementationoftheforestactandotherforestregulationswithinthestatedarea;
• ToreviewandrecommendtotheKFSManagementBoardapplicationsforlicensesandrenewalsthereof;
• ToregulatethemanagementofKaruraForestReserve,includingthesettingofchargesandretentionofchargesandincome;
• InconsultationwiththeKFSManagementBoard,toassistlocalcommunitiestobenefitfromincomederivedfromfloraandfaunatraditionallyusedornewlydiscoveredbythecommunities;and,
• ToperformsuchotherfunctionsastheKFSManagementBoardmayrequireordelegatetoit.
InresponsetoSection41oftheAct-KaruraForestshallbemanagedonasustainablebasisforthepurposesof:
• Conservationofwater,soilandbiodiversity;
• Riverlineprotection;
• Culturaluseandheritage;
• Lowimpactrecreationandeco-tourism;
• Sustainableproductionofwoodandnon-woodproducts;
• Carbonsequestrationandotherenvironmentalservices;
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• Educationandresearchpurposes;and,
• Habitatforwildlife.
Theabovecanbeachievedby:
• Promotinginvolvementoftheprivatesector,communitiesandotherstakeholdersinforestmanagementandconservationtocreateemployment,reducepovertyandensurethesustainabilityoftheforest;
• Contributingtosustainablemanagementoftheforestthroughsoilwaterandbiodiversityconservationandtreeplanting;and,
• Promotingforesteducationandresearchtoenableforeststakeholderstobemadeawareofbenefitsandecosystemservicesofferedbytheforest.
InresponsetotheForestsAct2005,section45,aCommunityForestAssociation(CFA)hasbeenestablished,namelyFriendsofKaruraForestCommunityForestAssociation.ThefunctionsoftheCFAareto:
• Protect,conserveandco-managesuchforestorpartthereofpursuanttotheapprovedjointmanagementagreemententeredintounderthisActandtheprovisionsofthestrategicmanagementplanfortheforest;
• Formulateandimplementforestprogramsconsistentwiththetraditionalforestuserrightsofthecommunityconcerned,inaccordancewithsustainableusecriteria;
• Protectsacredgrovesandprotectedtrees;
• AssisttheServiceinenforcingtheprovisionsofthisActandanyrulesandregulationsmadepursuantthereto,inparticularinrelationtoillegalharvestingofforestproduce;
• WiththeapprovalofKFSManagementBoard,enterintopartnershipswithotherpersonsforthepurposesofensuringtheefficientandsustainableconservationandmanagementofforest;
• KeepKFSinformedofanydevelopments,changesandoccurrenceswithintheforestwhicharecriticalfortheconservationofbiodiversity;
• Helpinfirefighting;and,
• Doanyotherthatisnecessaryfortheefficientconservationandmanagementoftheforest.
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InresponsetotheForestPolicy2005,AKaruraForestJointManagementCommitteehasbeenestablishedtosupportthesustainablemanagementoftheforest.
3. TheForestConservationandManagementbill2015
ThisbilloncepassedintolawwillreplacetheForestsAct2005,andusherinanewerainforestmanagementasitwillincorporatetheissueofdevolutionofvariousforestryfunctionstotheCountyGovernmentsaspertheconstitutionalrequirements.TheForestsAct2005willberepealedoncetheForestConservationandManagementbill2015issignedintolaw.
4. TheNaturalResourcesBenefitsSharingBill2014
Thisbilloncepassedintolawwillprovidethelegalguidelinesonhowrevenuesaccruedfromtheexploitationofanynaturalresource(forestsincluded),wouldbesharedamongtheNationalGovernment,theCountyGovernmentsandthelocalcommunitysurroundingtheseresources.
5. TheWildlife(ConservationandManagement)Act2013andPolicy
Kenya'swildlifepolicyisembodiedintheSessionalPaperNo.3of1975entitled"AStatementonFutureWildlifeManagementPolicyinKenya".Thispolicywasaradicaldeparturefromthepreviousapproachtowildlifeconservation,whichemphasizedprotectedareas.ThekeyelementsofthisPolicymaybesummarizedasfollows:
• Itidentifiedtheprimarygoalofwildlifeconservationastheoptimizationofreturnsfromwildlifedefinedbroadlytoincludeaesthetic,cultural,scientificandeconomicgains,takingintoaccounttheincomefromotherlanduses;
• Itpointedouttheneedtoidentifyandimplementcompatiblelandusesandfairdistributionofbenefitsderivedfromwildlifeincludingfrombothnon-consumptiveandconsumptiveusesofwildlife;
• Itunderscoredtheneedforanintegratedapproachtowildlifeconservationandmanagementinordertominimizehuman-wildlifeconflicts;and,
• TheGovernmentassumedtheresponsibilityofpayingcompensationfordamagescausedbywildlife.
TheWildlife(ConservationandManagement)Actof1976subsequentlyestablishedthelegalprovisionsfortheimplementationofthePolicy.ThisActamalgamatedthethenGameDepartmentandtheKenyaNationalParkstoformasingleagency,theWildlifeConservationandManagementDepartment(WCMD),tomanagewildlife.Subsequently,throughan
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AmendmenttotheActin1989,theKenyaWildlifeService(KWS)wasestablishedtoreplaceWCMD.AnewWildlife(ConservationandManagement)Act2013wassubsequentlyenactedandbecameoperational,andthusthewildlife(conservationandmanagement)Act1976andthe1989amendmenttotheactwerethereforerepealed.
TherearenolargewildlifespeciesintheKaruraForestReserveandthereforetherearenohuman-wildlifeconflictsthatareassociatedwiththepresenceoflargemammalssuchaselephantsetc.Thereis,nevertheless,alargewildlifepresenceinKaruraForestReserve,includinganincreasingmonkeypopulation.
Thevariationofthepopulationisfairlywellknownthankstotheuseof3motionactivatedKaruracamsbuttheexactsizeisyettobeestablished.Thereisneedthereforetoundertakeastudydetailingthewildlifeintheforest.
6. EnvironmentalManagementandCoordinationAct(1999)
EMCA(1999)isanactofParliamenttoprovidefortheestablishmentofanappropriatelegalandinstitutionalframeworkforthemanagementoftheenvironment,andformattersconnectedtoit.Theenvironmentconstitutesthefoundationofnationaleconomic,social,culturalandspiritualadvancement.TherequirementforenvironmentalimpactassessmentandauditswillbeobservedasnecessaryinconformitywiththerequirementsoftheAct.
7. WaterPolicyandWaterAct(2002)
TheWaterAct(2002)providesforthemanagement,conservation,useandcontrolofwaterresourcesandfortheacquisitionandregulationofrightstousewater;providesfortheregulationandmanagementofwatersupplyandsewerageservices.TheActmandatestheministerresponsibleforwaterresourcestoensurethatcertainwatercatchmentareasareprotected.TheMinisterisalsomandatedtodeclaresuchareasaswatercatchmentareas.AnumberofriversdissectKaruraForestwhoseflowwillbeenhancedbyitsprotectionandrehabilitation.
8. WaterBill(2014)
ThisBilloncesignedintolawwillreplacetheWaterAct(2002).Itaddressestheregulation,managementanddevelopmentofwaterresources.
9. RiverAuthoritiesAct(Cap.443)
ThisActempowersallexistingriverauthoritiesto,interalia,constructanyworksnecessaryfortheprotectionandutilizationofwaterandsoilsonareasalongriver-banks.Fallowlandactsas
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areservoirofterrestrialcarbon,whiletreesandvegetationgrowingalongriverbankssequestercarbondioxide.Effortswillbemadetoprotecttheriparianbeltbyplantingofappropriatespecieslikebamboo.
10. TheAgriculture,FisheriesandFoodAuthority(AFFA)Act2013
ThisActconsolidatesthelawsontheregulationandpromotionofagricultureandmakesprovisionfortherespectiverolesofthenationalandcountygovernmentsinagricultureandrelatedmatters.
11. LandRegistrationAct,2012(Cap.300)
ThisisanActofparliamentthatrevises,consolidates,andrationalizestheregistrationoftitlestoland,giveseffecttotheprinciplesandobjectsofdevolvedgovernmentinlandregistration,andforconnectedpurposes.
12. Science,TechnologyandInnovationAct2012
ThisActfacilitatesthepromotion,coordinationandregulationoftheprogressofscience,technologyandinnovationinthecountry.Itaimstoassignprioritytothedevelopmentofscienceandtechnologyandentrenchtechnologyandinnovationintothenationalproductionsystem.
13. TheEnergyAct2006
TheActmandatestheGovernmenttopromotethedevelopmentanduseofrenewableenergyincludingbiodiesel,bioethanol,biomass,solar,wind,hydro-power,biogas,charcoal,fuelwood,tidal,wave,municipalwasteamongothers.ItestablishedtheEnergyRegulatoryCommissiontobeinchargeoftheproduction,distribution,supplyanduseofrenewableenergy.
14. TheEnergyBill2015
ThisBillwillreplacetheEnergyAct2006whensignedintolaw.Itaimstoconsolidatethelawsrelatingtoenergy,toprovideforNationalandCountyGovernmentfunctionsinrelationtoenergy,toprovidefortheestablishment,powersandfunctionsoftheenergysectorentities.Itaimsatthepromotionofrenewableenergy,exploration,recoveryandcommercialutilizationofcoalandgeothermalenergyandtheproduction,supplyanduseofallenergyforms.
15. OccupationalSafetyandHealthAct2007No.15of2007(OSHA),revisedin2010
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ThisActprovidesforthesafety,healthandwelfareofworkersandallpersonslawfullypresentattheworkplace.Itaddressestheobligationsofboththeemployerandtheemployeeintermsofensuringtheworkplaceisfreefromanypotentialrisksandhazardsthatwouldbedetrimentaltothewell-beingofallmembersofstaffandvisitorsatanygiventimeandatanygivenplacewithintheconfinesoftheworkplace.
ThisActbasicallyaddressesemployees'andvisitors'safetywhilstatKaruraForest.
16. TheEmploymentAct2007andtheRegulationofWagesandconditionsofEmploymentAct2007
TheseActsmakerulesgoverningwages,leaveandrest,healthandsafety,thespecialpositionofchildrenandwomenandtheterminationofemployment.ThelatterAct,inaddition,setsupaprocessthroughwhichwagesandconditionsofemploymentcanberegulatedbytheMinister.
ThisActaddressesemploymentofscoutsandconservationclerksbytheFKF.
However,theEmploymentActdoesnotmakeanyprovisionsforwagesingeneral.TheminimumwageisdealtwithbytheRegulationsofWagesandConditionsofEmploymentAct.
17. TheWorkInjuryBenefitsAct2015
ThisActprovidesforwaysthroughwhichanemployeewhoisinjuredwhenondutymaybecompensatedbytheemployer.
3. STRATEGIES
1. SustainableDevelopmentGoals
ThesearemeanttoreplacetheMillenniumDevelopmentGoalswhichareduetoexpireattheendof2015.FormaldebateonthesegoalsbeganinRiodeJaneiroduringthe2012UnitedNationsconferencewheredevelopmentgoals2015-2030werediscussed.TheconferenceoutcomecalledforthegoalstobeintegratedintotheUN'spost-2015agenda,andtherewasconsensuson17proposedgoals.TheonesrelevanttoKaruraForestmanagementinclude,
• Endpovertyinallitsformseverywhere.
• Endhunger,achievefoodsecurityandimprovednutritionandpromotesustainableagriculture.
• Ensurehealthylivesandpromotewell-beingforallatallages.
• Achievegenderequalityandempowerallwomenandgirls.
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• Ensureavailabilityandsustainablemanagementofwaterandsanitationforall.
• Promotesustained,inclusiveandsustainableeconomicgrowth,fullandproductiveemploymentanddecentworkforall.
• Makecitiesandhumansettlementsinclusive,safe,resilientandsustainable.
• Ensuresustainableconsumptionandproductionpatterns.
• Takeurgentactiontocombatclimatechangeanditsimpacts.
• Protect,restoreandpromotesustainableuseofterrestrialecosystems,sustainablymanageforests,combatdesertification,andhaltandreverselanddegradationandhaltbiodiversityloss.
• Strengthenthemeansofimplementationandrevitalizetheglobalpartnershipforsustainabledevelopment.
2. Vision2030
Thisisthecountry'sdevelopmentprogrammecoveringtheperiod2008to2030.Itwaslaunchedon10June2008byformerPresidentMwaiKibaki.ItsobjectiveistohelptransformKenyaintoa"newlyindustrializing,middle-incomecountryprovidingahighqualityoflifetoallitscitizensby2030inacleanandsecureenvironment,developedthrough"anall-inclusiveandparticipatorystakeholderconsultativeprocess,involvingKenyansfromallpartsofthecountry."TheVisionisbasedonthree"pillars":Economic;Social;andPolitical.
TheKenyaVision2030istobeimplementedinsuccessivefive-yearmedium-termplans,withthefirstsuchplancoveringtheperiod2008-2012(withthenextcoveringtheperiod2012-2017,andsountil2030).UndertheVision,KenyaexpectedtomeetitsSustainableDevelopmentGoalsbythedeadlinein2030.
Throughthisstrategy,Kenyaaimstobuildajustandcohesivesocietywithsocialequityinacleanandsecureenvironment.It,therefore,presentscomprehensivesocialinterventionsaimedatimprovingthequalityoflifeofallKenyansresidents.
3. Multi/bilateralandprivatesectorfunding
ThejointforestmanagementcommitteeandFKFwillseekfundingfromthemulti/bilateralpartnersandtheprivatesectorfor:
• Anenvironmentaleducationcentreandforeststationofficeblock.
• Reforestation.
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• Infrastructureasneeded.
4. INTERNATIONALANDREGIONALAGREEMENTSANDTREATIES
1. Conventiononbiologicaldiversity
ThisConventionaimstoconservebiologicaldiversity,thesustainableuseofitscomponents,andthefairandequitablesharingofthebenefitsarisingoutoftheutilizationofgeneticresource.Kenyaratifiedtheconventionon26July1994.
KenyahasundertakenactivitiesthatareconsistentwiththegoalsoftheConvention,andhasdevelopedanationalstrategyfortheconservationofbiologicaldiversityandestablishedasystemforprotectingendangeredspeciesbothintheprotectedanddispersalareas.
ThemanagementplanwillcontributetotheimplementationofanumberofprovisionsoftheConvention,inparticularwithregardto:
• Identificationandmonitoring(Art.7);
• In-situconservation(Art.8);
• Sustainableuseofcomponentsofbiologicaldiversity(Art.10);and,
• Publiceducationandawareness(Art.13).
ThemanagementplanwillalsosupporttheobjectiveofaCollaborativePartnershipforForests,avoluntaryarrangementamong14internationalorganizationsandsecretariats,includingtheSecretariatoftheConventiononBiologicalDiversity.Thisarrangementaimstopromotethemanagement,conservationandsustainabledevelopmentofalltypesofforest,andstrengthenlong-termpoliticalcommitmenttothatend.
2. ForestPrinciples
TheNon-legallyBindingAuthoritativeStatementofPrinciplesforaGlobalConsensusontheManagement,ConservationandSustainableDevelopmentofallTypesofForests,alsoknownasthe"ForestPrinciples"wereadoptedin1992.Theycontain15articlesprovidingguidingprinciplesforthemanagement,conservationandsustainabledevelopmentofforests.
ThemanagementplanwillbeinlinewithandfurtherimplementtheForestPrinciples,inparticularwithregardto:
• Sustainableforestmanagementtomeetthesocial,economic,ecological,culturalandspiritualneedsofpresentandfuturegenerations;
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• Promotionofopportunitiesfortheparticipationofinterestedpartiesinthedevelopment,implementationandplanningofforestpolicies;
• Positiveandtransparentactiontowardsreforestation,afforestationandforestconservation;
• Supportbyinternationalfinancialandtechnicalcooperation,includingthroughtheprivatesector;and,
• Provisionofalternativeoptionstotheurbanpoorwhoareeconomicallyandsociallydependentonforestresources.
3. CITES
TheConventiononInternationalTradeinEndangeredSpeciesofWildFaunaandFlora(CITES)wasestablishedinresponsetoconcernsthatmanywildlifespecieswerebecomingendangeredbecauseofinternationaltrade.KenyaratifiedtheConventionon13December1978.
TheonlyrecordedendangeredtreespeciesinKaruraistheBrachylaenahuillensis,(Muhugu).ThistreespeciesisclassifiedasLowRisk-nearthreatenedglobally,accordingtotheIUCNRedList.Thetreeisusedforwoodcarvingsoldtotourists.However,thisspeciesisnotlistedinanyofthethreeCITESappendices.
Duringtheperiodoftheplanexistingtreesofthisspecieswillbeclearlydesignatedforextraprotectionandincreasedplanting.
4. UnitedNationsFrameworkConventiononClimateChange(UNFCCC)
TheultimateobjectiveoftheUnitedNationsFrameworkConventiononClimateChange(UNFCCC)isthe"stabilizationofthegreenhousegasconcentrationintheatmosphereatalevelthatwouldpreventdangerousanthropogenicinterferencewiththeclimatesystem[….]".Kenyaratifiedtheconventionon30August1994.
ThemanagementplanwillcontributetotheimplementationoftheConventionbyincreasingcarbonstorageandsink,throughtherehabilitationofdegradedforestareasandthereestablishmentofindigenousforestcover.
5. IMPORTANCEOFKARURAFOREST
1. Importanceforthegeneralpublic
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KaruraForestreceivesawiderangeofvisitorsondailybasiswhoseinterestarevariable,someofwhichinclude:
• Toprovideanopportunitytoeducatethegeneralpublicontheimportanceofforests;
• Tocontributetomitigationofclimatechange;
• Toserveasavenueforrecreation;
• Toprovideseedlings;and
• Toprovidetraininginenvironmentalandnaturalresourcemanagement.
2. Importanceforemployment
Atpresent39peopleareemployedbytheforeststation,namely:forester(1);assistantforester(1);plantoperator(1);seniorclericalofficer(1);subordinatestaff(2);rangers(11),and23casuals.
TheJointCommitteeemploys46peopleasscouts,clerks,tree-carers,administrativestaff,andmanycasualworkersforclearingandplantingintheforest.
ManyemploymentopportunitieshavebeencreatedparticularlyfortheinhabitantsofHuruma,GithogoroandDeepSeainformalsettlements.
3. Watershed
Theforestcontributestorechargingtheriversthatrunthroughit.Itisproposedtoboostthisbyplantingbambooandotherwaterconservationvegetationalongalltherivers.
4. Biodiversityreservoir
KaruraForesthostsawidediversityoffaunaandfloraspecies.Furtherprotectionofthesespecieswillbeprovidedonceafullbiodiversityinventoryhasbeencompleted.
5. HistoricalandCulturalimportance
TherearethreecavesinKaruraForestwhichwereusedbytheMauMauduringtheuprisingforindependence.Thesecaveshavealsointhepastservedasvenuesforspiritualnourishmentformanypeoplefromdifferentpartsofthecountry.Anarchaeologicalsurveyofthecavescarried
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outbyNMKhasrevealedstonetoolsandotherartefactsdated4500yearsoldandothersestimatedatbetween50and300000yearsold,themiddlestoneageperiod.
Plate2:ThelargestcaveintheKaruraRivervalleyfromtheinside
6. SourceofForestProducts
• Woodproducts
Theplantationswillbezonedwherenecessaryforconservationandproductionreasons.Theplantationsareasourceofwoodproductslike,timber,poles,withiesandfuelwood.
Brachylaenahuillensis(Muhugu)hasbeenusedhistoricallyforwoodcarvingsoldtotourists.Thisvaluableindigenoustreespeciesisnowonlyfoundthinlyscatteredwithintheforest.Duringtheplanperiod,theremainingspecimenswillbeclearlydesignatedforextraprotection.Muhuguseedlingswillalsobeplanted.
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Plate3:AmatureAraucariaplantationintheforest
• Nonwoodforestproducts
AtpresenttheForestcatersforthesupplyofsmallbusinessessuchasbeekeeping,collectionofherbsandothermedicinalplants.
7. TourismandrecreationopportunitiesforKenyans
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Plate4:TheiconicKaruraRiverwaterfall
Karuranowhosts16000visitorsamonthonaverageandhasbecometheNo.3attractiontobevisitedinNairobi.
Duringthisplanperiod,onlyecotourismactivitieslistedintheplanwillbeimplemented.Anynewoneswillhavetobeclearedbythejointcommittee,theFCCandultimatelyapprovedtheKFSboardifappropriate.
However,asKaruraForestisasmallforest,surroundedbyhotels,therewillbenonewtourismrelatedpermanentorhighimpactstructuresintheforestincludingcampsites.
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Plate5:SignageatJunction16(noterubbishbininbackground)
Plate6:VisitorrestingondonatedbenchonKimaTrailbetweenJunctions9and10
8. ResearchandEducationCentre
TheforestoffersmanyresearchandeducationopportunitiesbyvariousinstitutionssuchasNMK,universitiesandotherorganisationsincludingKEFRIintheformof:
• Internships;
• Attachments;
• Casestudies;
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• Educationtours;and,
• Exchangevisits.
Thereisneedtoprovidevisitorstotheforestwithanopportunitytolearntheimportanceofforestsandthesignificantroletheyplayintheireverydaylives.
WithinthefiveyeartermofthisManagementPlan,anewEducationCentrewillbedevelopedandopenedintheforest.ThecentrewillprovideopportunitiesforvisitorstolearnnotonlyaboutKenya'sforests,butalsoaboutotherforestsaroundtheWorld.Thecentrewilldrawfrominformationandexpertisefromcloseneighbours,suchasUNEPandICRAF,butalsofromnational/internationaluniversitiesandgovernmentagencies.
9. Environmentalservices(includingcarbonsinks,soilconservation)
• Carbonsink
Onethirdofgreenhousegasesbuildupintheatmosphereisestimatedtoresultfromchangesinlanduse.Afforestationandconservationofforestscansignificantlycontributetomitigateclimatechange.Nairobioncehadareputationasahealthyplacetoliveandwasknownas‘TheGreenCityintheSun'.HowevertheincreasingcarbonemissionsinNairobiareattributedtotheevergrowingandintenseindustrialactivityanduseofautomobiles.ThereforeKaruraForesthasavitalroletoplayinmitigatingthosenegativeimpacts.Landusechangeandforestryactivitiesduringtheplanperiodwillfocusessentiallyonthedevelopmentandregenerationofindigenousforest.Thereisalsoscopeforpartneringinoneofthecarbonfinancingschemes.
• SoilandWaterConservation
Theforestisabletoretaintheamountofrainfallfallingoveritthroughinfiltration,onlygraduallyreleasingittothestreamsflowingthroughtheforest.Itisalsousefulinrechargingundergroundwaterstreamsfromwhichthecurrentboreholesthatarebeingdrilledgetrecharged.Theseactionscontributetowardsminimizingsoilerosionandthisprotectsthehabitatforwildlife.
6. CONSERVATIONCHALLENGES
Inadditiontothethreatsidentifiedinsection2.7,theconservationofKaruraForestfacesthefollowingchallenges:
• Forestcarryingcapacityintermsofnumberofvisitors.
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• Replacementofplantationswithindigenousspeciesinarecreationalforest.
• Inadequatefundingwithrelationtomajorinfrastructuredevelopmentaspectsintheforest.
7. FORESTZONATION
1. CurrentSituation
Theforestisdividedintotwoblocks,oneofwhichismainlycomprisedofplantations.Theotherblockhasplantationsofbothexoticandindigenousspeciesandanareaundernaturalforest.
2. Forestzonesandtheirmanagement
TheForestReservehasbeenzonedusingthemultiple-useclassificationcriteria,whichconsiderstheapplicationoftheprimaryusealongwithsecondaryusesofthezonedareas.Themainzonesidentifiedinclude:
• NatureReserve;
• Indigenousforestarea;
• Wetlandsandriparianareas;
• Productiveforest(exoticplantations);and,
• Developedareas.
Table5:Zonationcriteria(2010-2014)Zone Criteria Management
Objectives ManagementOptions
NatureReserve Highbiodiversitynaturalforest
Totalbiodiversityconservation
-Noextractiveuses-Nodisturbance
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Indigenousforestarea
-Watercatchment-Wildlifehabitat-Protectionofbiodiversity
Conservationofbiodiversityandwildlifehabitat
-Conservationarea-Minimumimpactecotourism
Wetlands Swamps/marshlands/riparianareas
Totalpreservationofthewetlands
-Preservationofthearea-Researchandbirdwatching
Productiveforestzone(exoticplantations)
Areaunderplantationofexoticsspecies
Productionofpoles,timberandXmastrees
Convert70haofplantationintoindigenousforestaccordingtothestationplantationmanagementplan
Developedareas
Areasunderresidentialandnon-residentialbuildings,treeNurseriesetc.
-AreatocontinueServingthesamepurpose
-Generationofrevenue(rent)
StatusquotoRemain
Figure5:Karuracovertypezones
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1)TocontinuetorehabilitatedegradedpartsofKaruraForesttoahealthyandproductiveclosedcanopyforestaswellasensuringachievementofsustainablemanagement;
2)Toprovideaworldclassexampleofsustainableparticipatoryforestmanagement;
3)Tokeeptheforestsafeandsecurefortheenjoymentofall.Thiswouldentailtheprotectiontheforestfromanyhighimpactdevelopmentotherthanforestryactivitiesand,ensureecotourismproposalswouldbeinthebestinterestoftheforest;
4)Tocontributetotheimprovementofthelivelihoodofthelocalcommunities;
5)Topromoteenvironmentaleducation,lowimpactecotourismandresearchinforestry;
6)Tohaveinplacethenecessaryinfrastructure,vehiclesmachineryandequipment;and,
7)Toprovideforoptimumhumanresourcesforimplementingthemanagementplan.
Implementationoftheplanwillbeguidedbythesevenspecificmanagementobjectivesfromwhichstrategiesandactionsareproposedhereunder.
1. REHABILITATIONANDMANAGEMENTPROGRAMME
1. Objective
TocontinuetorehabilitatedegradedpartsofKaruraForesttoahealthyandproductiveclosedcanopyforestaswellasensuringachievementofsustainablemanagement
2. Currentstatusandmanagementachievements
Thetotalareaoftheforestis1041.3Haoutofwhichplantationsoccupy461Haandnaturalforest257Ha.Inadditionthereare43.5Haofdegradedindigenous(nonstocked)and45.8Haofrepaintedbutabandoned.DuringthefirstSMPmanycorporateInstitutionsandothershaveteamedupwithKFSandFKFinrehabilitationactivitiesandthereareadditional72.2Hawhichhavebeenclearedofinvasivesandreplanted.
Protectionofcriticalwatercatchment
Theriparianareasneedtoberehabilitatedwithbambooandotherwaterfriendlyspecies.
Waterresourceavailability
KaruraForestiswellpositionedforwateravailabilityasithasfiveriverswhichflowthroughouttheyear(notseasonally).Regrettablytheseriversareheavilypolluted.
FivetributariesofNairobiRiverpassthroughKaruraForestReserve.Theseare:
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• TheRuakaRiverwhichseparatesKaruraRiverandtheRundaResidentialarea;
• TheKaruraRiverwithtraversesthroughtheforest;
• TheGetathuruRiverwhichborderstheForestalongitsSouthernedgewithMuthaigaResidentialarea;and,
• TheThigiriRiver(atributaryofGetathuruRiver)whichtraversesthewesternsectionofKaruraForest.
5. TheMathareriverwhichborderstheforestontheEasternsideofSigiria
TheNairobiCityCouncilalsosupplieswater,forwhichamonthlychargeispaid.TherehabilitatedoldboreholeatAmaniGardensalsoprovideswaterwhichirrigatesthepicnicgroundsduringthedryseason.
Waterutilizationanddemand
ThemainindigenoustreenurseryuseswaterfromtheKaruraRiver.ThesmalltreenurseryuseswaterfromtheNairobiCityCouncil.Thetreebiotechnologynurseryhasitsownboreholetoensureapurewatersource.Theforwardpolicyfortreeplantingisnowtoalwaysplantduringtherainyseason.
Groundwaterisrechargednaturallybyrainandbyrivers.Rechargemaybeimpededsomewhatbyhumanactivitiesincludingpaving,development,orlogging.Theseactivitiescanresultinlossoftopsoilresultinginreducedwaterinfiltration,enhancedsurfacerunoffandreductioninrecharge.Useofgroundwater,especiallyforirrigation,mayalsolowerthewatertable.Groundwaterrechargeisanimportantprocessforsustainablegroundwatermanagement,sincethevolume-rateabstractedinthelongtermshouldbelessthanorequaltothevolume-ratethatisrecharged.
Therefore,enrichmentplantingwithbambooandotherspeciesisnecessary.Wetlandsmustalsobeconservedforbiodiversity.
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Plate7:Rehabilitationandimprovementactivities(clockwisefromupperleft):replantingoldplantationwithindigenousspecies;repairofKaruraRiverdrift;buildingofhandicaptoiletfacilityatAmaniGarden;levelingandlandscapingofparkingareanearAmani.
Themanagementachievementsareasfollows,
• Indigenousseedlingshavebeenplantedand72.2haofdegradedsitesintheforesthavebeenclearedofinvasivespeciesandreplanted.
• AllseedlingswerepurchasedfromtheKaruranurserywhichmaintainsanamplesupplyofgoodqualitysuitablestockasopposedtothosesourcedbycorporatewhosequalitycan'tbeauthenticated.
• TheTuracoswampandsurroundingareahavebeenclearedofeucalyptus,thestumpsremovedandtheareareplantedwithindigenoustrees.
• Duetothepolicyinplaceatthetimeofthefirstplan,onlyverylimitedloggingactivitiescouldtakeplaceinasfarasmanagingtheplantationsforprovidingforestproducts.
• However,theremovalofeucalyptusstumpsintheareanorthoftheKaruraRiverasearlierproposedhasnotyetbeenundertaken.
1. Challenges
• Thereisneedtoimplementplantingoperationsduringtherainyseason.Howeversomecorporatepartnersinsistonplantingatthewrongtime.
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• RemovalofLantanacamaraandCeasalpiniadecapetala(Mauritiusthorn)isdifficultduetothethornsalongthestems,thedifficultyinremovingalltherootsandtheeasygerminationoftheseeds,requiringfrequentweedinguntilthegroundiscoveredwithgrass.
• QualityseedlingsoftherightsizeandspeciesareessentialhencetheneedforthemtobesourcedfromtheKaruranursery.
• Makingconcretedecisionsonthefutureoftheveryoldplantationsthatarepasteconomicrotationageinthefaceofunpopularityoffellingtreeswiththepublic.
• Inadequatefundingforsupportingalloperationsincludingoutreachtoinformthepublicofmanagementactivities.
• •
Plate8:KaruraForestTreeNursery
2. Strategy
• Continueusingavailableresourcesandleveragingadditionalfundingfromvariousentitiestoplantindigenoustreeandshrubspeciesinvolvingclearingofinvasives,replantingandtendingofareasunderrehabilitation.
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Plate9:BambooplantingalongthebanksoftheRuakaRiver
3. Actions
• AdapttheKFSplantationmanagementplanaccordingtotherequirementsforrevertingagingplantationstandstonaturalforest.
• Implementaclearsetofrulesforplantingtreesintheforest,(seeappendix4).
• CarryonclearingofLantanaCamara,CeasalpiniadecapetalaandotherinvasivesandreplantingwithindigenousspeciessuitableforKarurawhereverneededintheforest.
• Reduceprogressivelyuntilphaseoutfirewoodcollectiontoprotecttheintegrityoftheecosystemandintroducealternativesourcesofenergy.
• RaiseseedlingsofshrubspeciesindigenoustoKaruratoplantalongtrackstoavoidLantanacamaraandMauritiusthornregrowth.
• Continueusingwomen'sgroupsfromneighbouringcommunitytocarryrehabilitationwork.
Table6:Summaryofmanagementactionsforrehabilitationandmanagementprogramme
ACTION
UNIT
5YEAR
MEANSOF
TIMEFRAME(YEARS)
RESPONSIBLE
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TARGETS VERIFICATION 1 2 3 4 5 ORGANIZATION(S)
TocontinuetorehabilitatedegradedpartsofKaruraForesttoahealthyandproductiveclosedcanopyforestaswellasensuringachievementofsustainablemanagement
ImplementtheKFSplantationmanagementplanformanagingagingplantationstands
No 1 Reports,records,maps
1 KFS/CFA
Implementaclearsetofrulesforplantingtreesintheforesttobeestablished
No 1 Records 1 KFS/CFA
CarryonclearingofLantanaCamara,
Ha 70 Sitevisits,photos, 1 1 1 1 14 KFS/CFA
CeasalpiniadecapetalaandotherinvasivesandreplantingwithindigenousspeciessuitableforKarurathroughouttheforest
records 4 4 4 4
Reduceprogressivelyuntilphaseoutfirewoodcollectiontoprotecttheintegrityoftheecosystemandintroducealternativesourcesofenergy
Lpsm. various Records x x x x x KFS/CFA
ACTION
UNIT
5YEARTARGETS
MEANSOFVERIFICATION
TIMEFRAME(YEARS)
RESPONSIBLEORGANIZATION(S)
1 2 3 4 5
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Continueusingwomen'sgroupsfromneighbouringcommunitytocarryrehabilitationwork
No 3groups Records,sitevisits,photos
x x x x x KFS/CFA
RaiseseedlingsofshrubspeciesindigenoustoKaruratoplantalongtrackstoavoidLantanacamararegrowth.
No. Various Records,sitevisits,photos
X X X X X CFA
2. PARTICIPATORYFORESTMANAGEMENTPROGRAMME
1. Objective
Toprovideaworldclassexampleofsustainableparticipatoryforestmanagement.
2. Currentstatusandmanagementachievements
CurrentlyKFSisworkingwiththecommunitiesresidingaroundtheforest.ACommunityForestAssociation,FriendsofKaruraForest,hasbeenestablishedwhichencompassesthecommunitiesadjacenttotheforest.Thecommunitiesbenefitbygettingemploymentduringtreeplanting,collectionoffirewoodandalsokeepbeehivesintheforest.Theinvolvementofthecommunityinmajordecisionmakinginregardtotheforestresourceisinadequate.Byinvolvingtheminthedevelopmentofthisplan,itisexpectedthatagoodbasiswillhavebeenestablishedfortheirenhancedparticipation.
Themanagementachievementsareasfollows,
• AjointmanagementagreementhasbeensignedbetweenKFSandFKF.
• TheKFS/FKFjointmanagementcommitteemeetseverymonthtoreviewactivities,issuesandtakeappropriatedecisionsincludingonfinancialmatters.
• Karuraforesthasnotitledeedbutalegalnotice,andtheKFSlegalofficeispursuingwiththelandcommissiontoacquireit.
• FKFenjoyswidespreadsupportduetoitsgoodgovernanceandhasbeenabletomobilisefundstoimplementvariousprojectsintheforest.
• Duetotheoutstandingsuccess,thepartnershipbetweenKFSandFKFasembodiedinthejointmanagementagreementisusedasarolemodelforotherCFAsthroughoutthecountry.
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• FKFhasarepresentativeontheFCC.
3. Challenge
• KaruraForestisasmallforest(1,041.3Ha)surroundedbyhighdensityresidentialareas.ThecommunitieslivingaroundKaruraForestarediversewithdifferentneeds.
4. Strategy
• JointimplementationofthemanagementplanbyKFSandFKFwiththeparticipationofallthestakeholdersthroughestablishedconsultativemechanisms.
5. Actions
• DeepencooperationbetweenKFSandFKF.
• Continuetoholdregularmeetingsofthejointmanagementcommittee.
• StrengthenlinkswiththeFCC.
• ExtendlinkswithotherCFAs.
• ImproveoutreachtothecorporatesectorthroughtheirCSRprogram.
Table7:SummaryofmanagementactionsfortheParticipatoryforestmanagementprogramme
ACTION
UNIT
5YEARTARGETS
MEANSOFVERIFICATION
TIMEFRAME(YEARS)
RESPONSIBLEORGANIZATION(S)
1 2 3 4 5
Toprovideaworldclassexampleofsustainableparticipatoryforestmanagement
Deepenco-operationbetweenKFSandFKF
Lpsm. various MinutesofJMCphotos,magazines,newsletters
x x x x KFS/CFA
Holdregularmeetingsofthejointmanagementcommittee
No 60 Minutes 12 12 12 12 12 KFS/CFA
StrengthenlinkswiththeFCC
No 20 Minutes 4 4 4 4 4 KFS/CFA
ACTION
UNIT
5YEAR
MEANSOF
TIMEFRAME(YEARS)
RESPONSIBLE
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TARGETS VERIFICATION 1 2 3 4 5 ORGANIZATION(S)
ImproveoutreachtothecorporatesectorthroughtheirCSRprogram
No 20 Phonerecords,letters,personalcontacts
4 4 4 4 4 KFS/CFA
ExtendlinkswithotherCFAs
No 10 Phonerecords,emails,photos
2 2 2 2 2 KFS/CFA
3. FORESTSAFETYANDSECURITYPROGRAMME1. Objective
Tokeeptheforestsafeandsecurefortheenjoymentofall.
2. CurrentstatusandmanagementachievementsThere is need to re-establish the boundary to ensure that all beacons are present in thecorrectplace.Karuraforesthasnotitledeedbutwasestablishedthroughalegalnotice.Thelegalofficeisworkingwiththelandcommissiontoacquireatitledeed.Themanagementachievementsareasfollows,• A number of illegal title deeds have been surrendered. Several court cases are on-
goinginvolvingothers.• Sufficientfundswereraisedtofullysecuretheforestwitha15kmelectricfenceand
patrolsby26scoutsand11rangers.Therehavebeennoserioussecurityincidentsintheforestsinceithasbeenopentothepublic.
• The fence is monitored andmaintained on a daily basis, entry/exit points manned
permanentlybygateclerks,scoutsandrangers.• The systematic clearing of Lantana camara and Mauritius thorn has helped to
minimisetheriskoffireintheforest.Lightingfiresandsmokingarestrictlyforbiddenintheforest.Trainingofallstaffinfirefightingiscarriedoutregularly.
3. Challenges
• Cancellationof titledeeds illegally issued in the forest isdifficultdueto theopaque
natureoftheprocess.
4. Strategy
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• Securetheforestland.
5. Actions
• WorkwiththeNationalLandCommissionandfightvigorouslythroughthecourtsfortherevocationofillegaltitles.
• Publicizecasesoflandgrabbingwidelytoleveragepublicopinionagainstlandgrabbing.
• AcquirethetitledeedforKarura.
• SecureanaccesstotheMazingirablock.
• Continuetomaintaintheelectricfenceandrivercrossingsingoodworkingorder.
• Ensurepropermanagementofentrypoints.
• Ensureprotectionfromfires,diseasesandpests.
• Maintainthecurrentfirebreaksandcreatenewonesifnecessary.
• Establishafireoutbreakssurveillancesystem.
• Enhancepatrolsinallpartsoftheforest.
• Trainscoutsandforestguardsinfirefighting.
Table8:SummaryofmanagementactionsforForestprotectionandsecurityprogramme
ACTION
UNIT
5YEARTARGETS
MEANSOFVERIFICATION
TIMEFRAME(YEARS)
RESPONSIBLEORGANIZATION(S)
1 2 3 4 5
Tokeeptheforestsafeandsecurefortheenjoymentofall
WorkwiththeNationalLandCommissionandengagevigorouslythroughthecourtsfortherevocationofillegaltitles
No 5 Courtrulings,records
1 1 1 1 1 KFS/CFA
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ACTION
UNIT
5YEARTARGETS
MEANSOFVERIFICATION
TIMEFRAME(YEARS)
RESPONSIBLEORGANIZATION(S)
1 2 3 4 5
Publicisecasesoflandgrabbingwidelytoleveragepublicopinionagainstlandgrabbing
No 5 Pressreleases,articles,interviews
1 1 1 1 1 KFS/CFA
SecureanaccesstotheMazingirablock
No 1 Reports,photos,sitevisit
x x x x 1 KFS/CFA
Continuetomaintaintheelectricfenceandrivercrossingsingoodworkingorder
Lpsm. various Reports,photos,sitevisits
x x x x x KFS/CFA
Ensurepropermanagementofentrypoints
Lpsm. various Records,statistics,inspections
x x x x x KFS/CFA
Ensureprotectionfromfires,diseasesandpests
Lpsm. Various Incidencereports,fieldvisits
0 0 0 0 0 KFS/CFA
Maintainthecurrentfirebreaksandcreatenewonesifnecessary
No 5 Reports,photos,sitevisits
1 1 1 1 1 KFS/CFA
Establishafireoutbreakssurveillancesystem
No 1 report x x x x 1 KFS/CFA
Enhancepatrolsinallpartsoftheforestbytheforestguardsandcommunityscouts
No various Reports,dutyroster,photos
X X X X X KFS/CFA
Trainscoutsandforestguardsinfirefighting
No 5 Reportsontrainingsessions
1 1 1 1 1 KFS/CFA
Maintainvigilanceagainstinvasivespeciesspreadintheforest
Lpsm. various fieldvisits,photos x x x x x KFS/CFA
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4. LOCALCOMMUNITIES'LIVELIHOODSPROGRAMME
1. Objective
Tocontributetotheneedsofthelocalcommunities
2. Currentstatusandmanagementachievements
Therearevarioususerrightsandlivelihoods(water,medicinalherbs,honey,fuelwood,spiritualnourishment,amongothers)thataccruetocommunitieslivingadjacenttoKaruraForest.Thisismoresoforthedwellersofthefournamedinformalsettlements.Itistheaimofthisplantocontinuemeetingtheserequirementsandtoensuretheirsustainablesupply.Howevernodeliberatesocio-economicstudyhasbeenundertakentofullyappreciatethisrelationship.Itisthereforeintendedtoundertakesuchastudyduringtheimplementationoftheplansoastoadequatelyaddressthelivelihoodmatters.Manyactivitiesrangingfromafforestation,visitorguiding,maintenanceoftracksetc.canbeimplementedjointlywiththecommunitiestoprovidethemwithopportunitiesofekingalivelihood.
Themanagementachievementsareasfollows,
• AllsurroundingcommunitiesbothaffluentandlessaffluentarerepresentedontheFKFboard.
• TheJointKFS/FKFcommitteewherealldecisionsaremadeensuresallvoicescanbeheard.
• Thelocalcommunitieshavebenefitedconsiderablyfromthenewmanagementregime.Theforestisnolongeraplaceofdangerforthembutasourceofmanyopportunities.TheJointCommitteeemploys46permanentstaff,36ofthemfromthesurroundinginformalsettlements.Allforestrycontractworkdoneintheforestisfarmedouttowomen'sgroupsfromthosevillages.ThisamountstoKshs300,000permonthonaverage.
• FundshavesuccessfullyraisedforawaterpurificationplantforHurumavillage,afishpondsuppliedwithfingerlings,abeekeepingprojectinvolvingover100hives,afullyequippedhoneyprocessinghouse,beekeepingattireandotherequipmentandtwobeekeepingandbasicbusinessmanagementtrainingcourses.
• AnentrepreneurshiptrainingcourseandaguidingskillscoursehavebeenorganisedforcandidatesfromHuruma.
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• Aschoolbagprojectfor800kidsfromHurumahasbeenfinanced.
• Acomputerclubfor60childrenhasbeenorganised.
3. Challenge
• Theexpectationsfromthelocalcommunitiesareveryhighandareunlikelytobemetinlightofthesmallareaoftheforestanditslocationinthecity.
4. Strategy
• Involvementofallusergroupsinlivelihoodactivities.
5. Actions
• Continuetosupportforestbased,ecosystemfriendly,incomegeneratingactivitiesforlocalcommunities.
• Continuetogivepriorityasmuchaspossibletolocalcommunitiesinrecruitmentofstaff.
• Continuetogivepriorityasmuchaspossibletowomen'sgroupsfromlocalcommunitywhenawardingclearingandplantingcontracts.
• Continuetocreateemploymentthroughthedevelopmentoflowimpactrecreationalactivities.
Table9:Summaryofmanagementactionsforthelocalcommunities'livelihoodsimprovementprogramme
ACTION
UNIT
5YEARTARGETS
MEANSOFVERIFICATION
TIMEFRAME(YEARS)
RESPONSIBLEORGANIZATION(S)
1 2 3 4 5
Tocontributetotheimprovementofthelivelihoodofthelocalcommunities
Continuetosupportforestbased,ecosystemfriendly,incomegeneratingactivitiesforlocalcommunities
No various reports x x x x x KFS/CFA
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Continuetogivepriorityasmuchaspossibletolocalcommunitiesinrecruitmentofstaff
Lpsm. various payroll x x x x KFS/CFA
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ACTION
UNIT
5YEARTARGETS
MEANSOFVERIFICATION
TIMEFRAME(YEARS)
RESPONSIBLEORGANIZATION(S)
1 2 3 4 5
Continuetogivepriorityasmuchaspossibletowomen'sgroupsfromlocalcommunitywhenawardingclearingandplantingcontracts
No 20 Financialrecords 4 4 4 4 4 KFS/CFA
Continuetocreateemploymentthroughthedevelopmentoflowimpactrecreationalactivities
No 5 reports 1 1 1 1 1 KFS/CFA
5. ENVIRONMENTALEDUCATION,ECOTOURISMANDRESEARCHPROGRAMME
1. Objective
Topromoteenvironmentaleducation,ecotourismandresearchinforestry.
2. Currentstatusandmanagementachievements
AlotofresearchworkhasbeenalreadybeenconductedinKaruraForestbyvariousorganizations.Ecotourismandeducationalawarenessprogramshavebeenlaunchedsuccessfully.
Thefollowingarethemanagementachievements,
• Aninventoryof558plantspecieshasbeendone.Over200treeshavebeenlabelledalongthemaintracksshowingthemainspeciestobefoundintheforest.
• Alistof113birdspecieshasbeencompiledandregularbirdwatchingvisitsbyNatureKenyawilladdtothelist.
• Indigenousorchidswhichhaddisappearedfromtheforestthroughpoachinghavebeenreintroduced.
• 3motionactivateddayandnightcamerashaverevealedanumberofpreviouslyunknownanimalspeciespresentintheforest.
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• Wildlifeingeneralhasincreasedsignificantlyintheabsenceofpoaching.Animalshavebecomemuchlessshyofpeopleandareeasilyseenaddingvaluetoavisittotheforest.
• TheColobusmonkey,Colobusguerezakikuyensehavebeensuccessfullyre-introducedintheforestandconstituteanewattraction.
• Duetothevastimprovementinsecurityandinfrastructure,thenumberofvisitorstotheforesthasgrownsignificantlyoverthe5yearsofthefirstSMPandhasreachedanaverageof16,000amonth.KaruraisnowtheNo3attractiontovisitinNairobiaccordingtoTripadvisorwhichhasawardeditaCertificateofExcellencetwoyearsrunning.ThevastmajorityofvisitorsareKenyansshowingthatthereisrealnationalownershipoftheforestwhichhasbeendubbed"thepeople'sforest".Peoplecomeinlargenumberstowalk,jog,cycleorjustenjoybeinginanaturalsetting.
• Forestruleshavebeendevelopedandclearlydisplayedatallentrypointstoregulatevisitors'behaviourintheforest.
• Anattractivewebsitehasbeendesignedandisregularlyupdatedandpopulatedwithinterestingarticles.TheFacebookpageisalsoveryactiveandhasattractedsofarover13000pagelikes.
• TheJointCommitteeandKfeetjointlyemployaneducationofficerwhotakesschoolpartiesandspecialinterestgroupsoneducationaltoursoftheforest.Manythousandsofschoolchildrenvisittheforesteveryyearandgetachancetolearnaboutforestsandtheenvironmentthankstoateachingprogramtargetingdifferentagegroups.
• Theoldsquashcourthasbeenturnedintoanauditoriumforlecturesonforestsandotherenvironmentalmatters.
3. Challenges
Mostoftheactivitiesunderthisprogrammecomponentarelong-term.Theywillrequiresustainedresourcesovertheyears.
4. Strategy
1. Improveeducationandresearchactivitiesintheforest.
1. Actions
• Commissionastudyofthecarbonbalanceintheforest.
• CompletethesurveysofplantsandbirdsinKarura.
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• Commissionsurveysofinsects,reptilesandbutterfliesinKarura.
• Commissionasurveyofmammalsintheforest.
• Linkupwithuniversitiesandresearchinstitutionstoencourageresearchworkintheforest.
• DraftandpublishabookletoftheNaturalHistoryofKarurabasedonthesesurveys.
• Designattractiveinformativepostersaboutthenaturalhistoryoftheforesttobedisplayedinrelevantlocations.
• Setupabutterflyhouse.
• CreatepicnicsitesatRuakaswampandSigiriamaingate.
• Organiseregularschedulededucationalthemewalksintheforestaiminginparticularatthelucrativetouristmarket.
• PromoteastrusteesofKfeettheestablishmentoftheeducationcentre.
Participateinexchangevisitstootherforests
Table10:Summaryofmanagementactionsforenvironmentaleducation,ecotourismandresearchprogramme
ACTION
UNIT
5YEARTARGETS
MEANSOFVERIFICATION
TIMEFRAME(YEARS)
RESPONSIBLEORGANIZATION(S)
1 2 3 4 5
Topromoteenvironmentaleducation,ecotourismandresearchinforestry
Commissionastudyofthecarbonbalanceintheforest
No 1 reports x x x x 1 KFS/CFA
CompletethesurveysofplantsandbirdsinKarura
No 1 reports x x x x x KFS,CFA,KWS,NMK
Commissionsurveysofinsects,reptilesandbutterfliesinKarura
No 3 reports x x x x 3 KFS,CFA,NMK
Commissionasurveyofmammalsintheforest
No 1 reports x x x x 1 KFS,NMK,KWS,CFA
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Linkupwithuniversitiesandresearchinstitutions
No 5 Reports,contacts 1 1 1 1 1 KFS/CFA
toencourageresearchworkintheforest
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ACTION
UNIT
5YEARTARGETS
MEANSOFVERIFICATION
TIMEFRAME(YEARS)
RESPONSIBLEORGANIZATION(S)
1 2 3 4 5
DraftandpublishabookletoftheNaturalHistoryofKarurabasedonthesesurveys
No 1 Reports x x x x x KFS/CFA
Designattractiveinformativepostersaboutthenaturalhistoryoftheforesttobedisplayedinrelevantlocations
No 3 Report,photos x x 1 1 1 KFS/CFA
Setupabutterflyhouse No 1 Sitevisit,photos x x x x 1 KFS/CFA
CreatepicnicsitesatRuakaswampandSigiriamaingate
No 2 Report,photos,fieldvisit
1 2 x x x KFS/CFA
PromoteastrusteesofKfeettheestablishmentoftheeducationcentre
No 1 Report,photos x x x x 1 Kfeet,KFS,CFA
Organiseregularschedulededucationalthemewalksintheforestaiminginparticularatthelucrativetouristmarket
No 10 Reports,photos 2 2 2 2 2 KFS,CFA
2. INFRASTRUCTURE,VEHICLES,MACHINERYANDEQUIPMENTPROGRAMME
1. Objective
Tohaveinplacethenecessaryinfrastructure,vehiclesmachineryandequipment.
2. Currentstatusandmanagementachievements
Themovementofvisitorsintheforestrequiresagood,wellmaintainednetworkoftracksandtrails.
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Figure5:KaruraForestroadnetwork
Karuraisuniquenotonlyinitslocation(soclosetothecentreofNairobi)butalsoforotherreasonssuchasitsbeautyspots,examplesofgoodtreemanagementandkilometresofattractivewalks.Theforestisalreadyproducingsubstantialrevenuefromvisitorsandeventsintheforest.
KFSbuildings(officeandoutposts)
Theforester'sofficeandtheofficestoreareindeplorablecondition.TheSMPprovidesforthepresentrangershousesinsidetheforesttobemovedtoHQandofficestobebuiltforKarurastationmanagementstaff.Properhousingfortherangersisamotivationforenhancingtheirperformance.Thereisneedforhousingforatotalof11rangers.
Non-KFSBuildings
Non-KFSbuildingsinclude:aschool(originallyconstructedbytheForestDept.butnowrunbytheNairobiCityCouncil);theTreeBiotechnologyProjectoffice;theBPShellClub;NationalSecurityIntelligenceServiceHeadquarters;CriminalInvestigationDepartment;afacilityforthe
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CentralBankofKenya;theInternationalEarthquakeSensorfortheregion;andKEFRIstationandresidentialquarters.
Vehicles,machineryandequipment
Thereisonetractor,butnoothervehiclespecificallyforuseatKarura.
TheEcosystemconservatorandHOChavetheirofficialvehiclesbuttheyarenotavailablefordutiesintheforest.
Thereareotherpiecesofsmallmachineryandequipmentwhicharecoveredinaseparatetoolinventory(producedquarterlyandavailableonrequest).
Despitetheabovechallenges,thesearethemanagementachievements,
• Over50kmoftrackandtrailshavebeenidentified,improvedandarebeingmaintained.
• 7bridgeshavebeenbuilt.
• Stonestepshavebeenbuilttoimproveaccesstothewaterfallandcaves.
• Thewholenetworkoftrackshasbeensignpostedincluding5circuitsofdifferentlengths.
• Amapoftheforesthasbeenproducedtoguidevisitors.
• Litterbinsandbencheshavebeenputatvariousplacesalongthetracks.
• Entrygates,washroomandstoragefacilitieshavebeenbuiltatLimurugate,Sharksgate,SigiriagateandDuckfarm.
• Parkingareashavebeencreatedatallgates.
• TwoforestguardhouseshavebeenrehabilitatedatLimurugate.
• ElectricityandwaterhavebeenconnectedatLimurugate,ThigirilanegateandSharksgate.
• ApicnicsitehasbeendevelopedoppositeKfeetwithpavedandlitdisabledaccess,35tablesandbenchesfor10peopleeach,swingsandslidesandwashroomfacilitiesincludingadisabledone.
• Aneweventvenuehasbeencreatedattheoldfarmhousesiteandanoldboreholerefurbishedtoimprovewatersupply.Anall-weatheraccessroadandparkingareafor70carshavebeenbuiltforthiseventvenue.
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• Theideaofcampsitesintheforesthasbeenabandonedbecauseofheavyfootprint,theriskoffireandtheveryhighcostofsecurityatnight.
• TheideaofahorseridingstableinSigiriahasalsobeenrejectedbecauseoftheirreconcilableconflictbetweenafewhighimpacthorseridersandthevastmajorityofotherusersoftheforest.
• FKFhasbought3motorbikesforitsstaff.
• 3ATVshavebeenmadeavailablebyKFSbutsparepartsforthemaredifficulttocomebyandtheyareoftenoutoforder.
3. Challenges
• Inadequatefunding.
• Lackoftransport.
4. Strategies
• Provideandmaintainappropriateinfrastructureandequipment.
5. Actions
• BuildanofficeblockforKaruraforeststationandFKFstaff.
• Renewsignageasnecessary.
• BuildaproperentrancegateatLimurugate.
• SecurefundingtomovethevillagehousesinsidetheforesttoHQ.
• BuildafootbridgeovertheLimururoadtolinkthemainblockandSigiria.
• BuildaropecolobridgeovertheLimuruandKiamburoads.
• Obtain24x4pickupstobeusedforforestryandpatrolsinKarura.
• SecurepermissiontouseroadbuildingequipmentwhenpresentatHQformaintenanceoftracks.
• PavethemaintrackfromtheLimururoadtoKfeet.
• BuildatuckshopatLimur,SharksandSigiriagateandDuckfarm.
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Table11:Summaryofmanagementactionsfortheinfrastructure,vehicles,machineryandequipmentprogramme
ACTION
UNIT
5YEARTARGETS
MEANSOFVERIFICATION
TIMEFRAME(YEARS)
RESPONSIBLEORGANIZATION(S)
1 2 3 4 5
Tohaveinplacethenecessaryinfrastructure,vehiclesmachineryandequipment
BuildanofficeblockforKaruraforeststationandFKFstaff
No 1 Report,photos,fieldvisits
x x x x 1 KFS/CFA
RenewsignageasnecessaryNo various photos x x x x x KFS/CFA
BuildaproperentrancegateatLimurugate
No 1 photos x x 1 x x KFS/CFA
SecurefundingtomovethevillagehousesinsidetheforesttoHQ
Kshs photos x x x x 1 KFS/CFA
BuildafootbridgeovertheLimururoadtolinkthemainblockandSigiria.
No 1 photos x x x x 1 KFS/CFA
BuildropecolobridgesovertheKiambuandLimururoads
No 2 photos x 2 x x x KFS/CFA
Obtaina4x4pickuptobeusedforKaruraforestmanagementactivities
No 1 logbook x 1 x x x KFS/CFA
Undertakemaintenanceoftracks.(BysecuringpermissiontouseroadbuildingequipmentwhenpresentatHQ)
Km various photos x x x x x KFS/CFA
TarmacthemaintrackfromtheLimururoadtoKfeet
Km 1 photos x x x x 1 KFS/CFA
BuildatuckshopatSharksgate,SigiriaandDuckfarm
No 3 photos x 1 1 1 x KFS/CFA
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3. HUMANRESOURCESPROGRAMME
1. Objective
Toprovideforoptimumhumanresourcesforimplementingthemanagementplan
2. Currentstatusandmanagementachievements
The current staff of Karura station is listed in table 5 below. There is also a separate trustrunning a tree cloning project employing approx. 70 people. It is expected that withimplementationofthisplan,morejobopportunitiesforthelocalcommunitieswillbecreatedandequallythestrengthofKFSstaffwillberaisedtooptimallevelsoastomeetthechallenge.
Table12:StaffstrengthinKaruraforestStaffcadre Currentstrength Desiredstrength VarianceForeststationmanager 1 1 0AssistantForeststationmanager 1 1 0SeniorClericalOfficer 1 1 0Clerical/accountsclerk 0 1 1Clerk 0 1 1StoreKeeper 0 1 1Forestguards 11 14 3Artisan 0 1 1PlantOperator 0 1 1Drivers 0 1 1Subordinatestaff 2 4 2Casuals 23 30 7 26 26 0 0 3 3
Thefollowingarethemanagementachievements:
• TheJointCommitteeemploys26scoutstopatroltheforest,collectlitter,cleartrailsandtheelectricfence,manthegatesdayandnight,ensuresecurityduringeventsandguidevisitors,8clerkscollectentrancefeesatthegates,10treecarersclear,weed,waterandconductothermaintenanceactivitiesintheforestincludinglookingafterthepicnicsite,Amanigarden,Amanieventvenueandobstaclecourse.
• The jointmanagementcommitteealsoemploys : 1accountantand1eventmanager.Kfeetemploysaneducationofficer.G4Ssecondsanlogisticsandsecuritymanager
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3. Strategy
ProvideadequatehumanresourcestoimplementtheSMP.
4. Actions
• Provideregulartrainingprogramsforallstaff.
• Recruitstaffasrequirementsevolveandtheneedsarise
Table13:Summaryofmanagementactionsforthehumanresourcesprogramme
ACTION
UNIT
5YEARTARGETS
MEANSOFVERIFICATION
TIMEFRAME(YEARS)
RESPONSIBLEORGANIZATION(S)
1 2 3 4 5
Toprovideforoptimumhumanresourcesforimplementingthemanagementplan
Provideregulartrainingprogramsforallstaff
No 5 Reports,photos 1 1 1 1 1 KFS/CFA
Recruitstaffasrequirementsevolveandtheneedarises
No various payroll x x x x x KFS/CFA
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2. PLANIMPLEMENTATIONANDFINANCIALMANAGEMENT
1. PLANIMPLEMENTATIONANDSUSTAINABILITY
The Karura Joint Management Committee will work with the different stakeholders toensurethattheplanisimplemented.Institutionalarrangementsfortheplanimplementationaregivenin(AppendixI).
2. FINANCIALMANAGEMENT
GiventheunprecedentedsuccessofKaruraasarecreationalforest,itsrevenuebasehasnowexpanded enough to reach self-sufficiency in recurrent expenditure. KFS provides the Karuraforeststationstaff.Karura'sexcellenttrackrecordingoodgovernancehasallowedforeffectivefund raising for a wide array of projects which have been successfully implemented in theforest.Revenuestreamshavebeendiversifiedfromsimplegatecollectiontoeventswithanewvenueadded,animprovedpicnicsiteandcyclingcircuit.
Financial supervision is carried out through the joint committee reviewing accountsmonthlyand approving all financial transactions. This sound financial management is a guarantee ofsustainability and will continue during the second SMP according to the concept of PFMembodiedintheForestsAct.
3. RESOURCEMOBILIZATION
Revenue generation within Karura for the period 2010-2015 is shown in the tables below.Proposedprogrammesandactivitiesareaimedatincreasingtherevenuebasefromtheforestecosystem.
Table14:Karuraforeststationrevenuecollectionfortheperiod2010to2015
Year Total
2010/11 1,099,5302011/12 1,439,2102012/13 2,883,6322013/14 11,938,6542014/15 9,563,565Total 26,924,591
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Table15:Revenuesfromgates,picnicsandothereventsYear Total
2012 7,617,4952013 11,868,0702014 21,154,1652015 35,270,640Total 40,639,730
Thetablesindicateanupwardtrendinrevenuecollectionandareanindicationofthesuccessofthe2010-2014SMP.Acontinuedincreaseinrevenuecollectionisexpectedbyimplementingtheimprovementsproposedinthisplan.
Abrieflistoftheimmediateforeseencostcentresandpotentialsourcesofrevenuearelistedhereunder:
Forestryactivities:
a)Forestregeneration
b)Plantingofbambooalongtheriversandshrubsalongthetracks;and,
c)RemovalofLantanacamara,Mauritiusthornandotherinvasivesthroughouttheforest.
Generalsecurity:
a)Fencing;
b)One4x4pickupvehicleandtwopatrolvehicles;
c)Firetower;and
d)OfficesforKarurastationandFKFstaff.
e)3tuckshops
Educationalandrecreationalactivities:
a)EducationCentre;
b)PicnicsitesatRuakaswampandSigiria;
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c)BridgeoverLimururoad;and
d)MonkeybridgesLimuruandKiamburoads.
KaruraForestoffice:
a)One4x4pick-upvehicle;
b)New/renovatedhousing(approx.6extrahouses);and
c)MovingrangersvillageoutoftheforesttoHQ.
Sourcesofincome:
a)Entrancefees;
b)Picnics;
c)Events;and
d)Guidedwalks.
Atthepresenttimeitisnotpossibletoprovideexactfiguresfortheabovecostsandrevenuesasthefundraisingsituationisveryfluid.
4. FUNDRAISINGSTRATEGIES
Karuranowhasasolidreputationasawellgoverned,wellmanagedforestwhenitcomestoimplementingprojectslargeandsmall.Donorshavebeenveryinterestedinfundingvariouslowfootprintactivitieswithclearobjectivesandmeasurableresults.ThesamefundraisingstrategywillbepursuedaccordingtotheobjectivesandactionsfeaturedinthisSMP.
5. GUIDINGPRINCIPLESFORTHEIMPLEMENTATIONOFTHEPLAN
KFSandFKFthroughthejointmanagementcommitteeandthecollaboratingstakeholdersarecommittedtoadherestrictlytothefollowingguidingprinciplesforthedurationofthe5yearplan:
a)Tooperateandmaintainanefficientrunningprogrammefortheplan;
b)Tobeaccountabletodonors,membership,andDirectorofKFS
c)Tobemindfuloftheneedsofthemostvulnerablemembersofcommunitiesusingtheforest
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d)Topracticeatransparentprocessforalldecisionmakingandaccountability;and,
e)Toalwaysbeavailableforcommunicationanddiscussion,opentoideas,suggestionsandadvicefromothers.
6. ENVIRONMENTALIMPACTASSESSMENT
Manipulationofanecosystemresultstonegativeimpactsaffectingthedynamicsofthesystemanditsabilitytosupplygoodsandservices.Environmentalimpactassessmentidentifiesthesenegativeimpactsandprovidesmeansofmitigationforthewelfareofhumanandotherspeciesdependentonsuchecosystems.Itprovidesamechanismonprojectplanning,implementingandintegratingenvironmentalconservation,managementanddevelopment.Ittakescognizanceofthesocial,physicalandbiologicalcomponentoftheenvironmenttoensureminimalnegativeimpactsaswellaspromotingenvironmentalbenefits.EIAshouldbecarriedoutforallproposedmajordevelopmentactivitieswithintheecosystemtoidentifynegativeimpactsandtheirmitigationmeasures.
Table16:SummaryofnegativeimpactsandmitigationmeasuresofplannedactivitiesDevelopment/activity Negativeimpacts Mitigationmeasures
Constructionofroads,buildingsetc.
Environmentalpristinealteration.
Vegetationdestruction.
Noisepollution
Shouldblendwithenvironment
Properdisposalofbuildingwaste
Establishment of recreational sites andnaturetrails
Vegetationdestruction
Wildlifedisturbanceanddisplacement
Picnicsitesshouldbeaccessedvianaturetrailsifinsideforestedareas
Picnicsitesshouldhavenooff-roaddrives
Alongnaturetrails,notreecuttingshouldbedone,exceptclearingofundergrowthalongthem
Picnicsitesshouldhavelitterbinsorbagstobecarriedawaybypartiesfordisposalatlitterdisposalsites
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Developmentofaccessroads Vegetationdestruction
Soilerosion
Wildlifedisturbanceanddisplacement
Wildlifebreedingsitesdestroyed
Properroadalignmentmustbedone
Reducevegetationdestructionasmuchaspossible
Oldroadsortracksintheforestshouldbemaintainedwithminimalenvironmentaldisturbance
Gooddrainageandreducedsoilerosionshouldbeensured
7. PLANMONITORINGANDEVALUATION
1. Background
Monitoringandevaluationofthemanagementplanisessentialsinceitprovidesabasisforcorrection,adjustment,andimprovementtotheproposedgoals,targetedactivitiesandassessmentoftheachievementsattained.Duringthisstage,problemsencounteredinimplementationofplannedactivitiesareidentifiedandstrategiestoaddressthemoutlined.Notwithstanding,areflectionofthepastismadeinabidtomakingthefuturesuccessful.
2. Method
Afive-yearMonitoringandEvaluationPlanwillbeformulatedandreviewedregularlyduringtheplanperiod.Amidandendtermevaluationswillbecarriedouttoassessprogressintheimplementationofplannedactivities,achievementofobjectives,andanalyzeandaddressconstraintsencounteredintheprocess.Itwillalsoprovideessentialinformationthatcanbeusedinrevisingthemanagementplan.
Continuousmonitoringduringtheimplementationperiodwillbemaintainedthroughpreparationandsubmissionofmonthly,quarterly,halfyearandannualprogressreportsfromtheJMCtotheHOC.
3. Responsibilities
Monitoringprogressreportsshouldbepreparedandsubmittedonamonthly,quarterly,half-yearlyandannually.Projectmonitoringmaybeundertakenwitherinternallyorexternally.Internalmonitoringshouldbeencouragedtoinvolvetheparticipationoftheforestadjacentcommunitiesandotherstakeholders,whomayassistinassessingtheirprogressoneachoftheprogram'sactivityimplementationlevels,whichcanbeusedforprojectevaluation.Externalmonitoringispreferredwheretechnicalrequirementsareneededandshouldbeundertakeninconsultationwiththecommunity,keystakeholdersandotherimplementingagencies.
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Inordertoimplementthemanagementplanefficiently,thefollowingmonitoringactivitiesareintendedtobeimplemented,
3. SecuritywillbeprovidedbytheKFSrangersandcommunityscoutsona24hourbasis,throughdailypatrollingofthefenceandforest.
4. Regularvisitsandspotcheckswillbeorganizedforthesecurityteam.
5. Periodicmeetings(monthly)oftheJointForestManagementCommitteewillbeconvened.
6. Anannualforumwillbeheld(towhichtheKaruraForeststakeholderswillbeinvited)toassessprogressmadetowardsthegoalsspelledoutinthemanagementplan.Asitevisitwillbeorganizedeverythreemonths.
1. Successindicators
Successindicatorsprovideameasureofassessingwhethersettargetsarebeingachieved.Successindicatorswillbeagreeduponbetweentheleadagenciesfordifferentcategoriesofmanagementactivitiestoassesstheachievementofthesettargetsforeachactivityinthemanagementplan.
2. Proposedmanagementactions
1. Developmonitoringguidelines(monitoringteamandstakeholders).
2. Monitorimpactoftheforestuse(monitoringteamandstakeholders).
3. Monitortheimplementationofplanprogrammes(monitoringteamandstakeholders).
Table17:MonitoringindicatorsProgrammes Indicatorsofsuccess Meansofverification AssumptionsRehabilitationandmanagement1. State/quality of the
naturalforest.2. Arearehabilitated.
3. KFSandCFArecords 1. Theplanisimplementedsuccessfully.
2. Availabilityofresources.
Participatoryforestmanagement
1. Incomegeneratedfromsaleofforestproducts.
2. No.ofindigenousseedlingssown.
3. Area replanted byindigenous treespecies.
4. Arearehabilitated.
5. Surveys.6. KFSrecords.7. Resourceinventory.
8. Theplanisimplementedsuccessfully.
9. Availabilityoffunds.
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Forestprotectionandsecurity 1. Incidencesofillegalharvestingreported.
2. No.ofarrestsandprosecutionsinalawcourt.
3. Performanceoftheforestguardsandcommunityscouts.
4. No.offorestfireincidents.
5. KFS,CFAandcommunityscoutsrecords.
6. Policerecords.
7. Theplanisimplementedsuccessfully.
8. Goodworkingrelationshipsamongstakeholders.
9. Availabilityoffirefightingequipment.
Programmes Indicatorsofsuccess Meansofverification AssumptionsLocalcommunities'livelihoodsimprovement
1. No.andtypesofIGAs.2. Compositionof
decision-makingstructure.
3. No.ofNBEs.4. Incomegenerated
fromNBEs.5. No.ofpeople
employed.6. No.andtypeof
technologiesadopted.7. No.oftrainingsheld
andexchangetoursorganized.
8. No.andtypesofforestproductsonthemarket.
9.
10. CFArecords.11. Community
managementcommittees.
12. CFAfinancialrecords.13. Sitevisits.14. Trainingreports,M&E
reports.15. Minutes,visitors'book
recordsandtrainingrecords.
16. Marketsurveys.17. CFArecords,M&E
reports.18. Sitevisits.
19. Theplanisimplementedsuccessfully.
20. Goodworkingrelationshipsamongstakeholders.
21. Availabilityofresourcesandmarkets.
22. SuccessinNBEdevelopment.
Environmentaleducation,ecotourismandresearch
1. No.ofstudiesandsurveyscommissioned
2. No.ofecotourismactivitiesestablished
3. CFArecords.4. CFAfinancialrecords.5. Sitevisits.6. Trainingreports,M&E
reports.7. Minutes,visitors'book
recordsandtrainingrecords.
8. M&Ereports.9. Sitevisits.
10. Theplanisimplementedsuccessfully.
11. Goodworkingrelationshipsamongstakeholders.
12. Availabilityofresourcesandmarkets.
13. Successinecotourismactivitiesdevelopment.
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Humanresources 1. No.oftrainingsconducted
2. No.ofnewstaffrecruited
3. KFSandCFArecords4. Payrollrecords
5. Theplanisimplementedsuccessfully.
6. Goodworkingrelationshipsamongstakeholders.
7. Successinhumanresourcedevelopment.
1. InstitutionalArrangementsforPlanImplementation
The successful implementation of themanagement plan necessitates the use of appropriateandintegratedinstitutionalandorganizationalstructuresthatexistintherelevantinstitutions.Field organization for the implementation of the plan at the forest station level will beimplemented by the JointManagement Committee (see appendix 1). It brings together keystakeholders to manage the implementation process of the plan as identified in theconsultative process. It will also provide a forum for dialogue, consensus building, prioritysetting and balancing of the various interests involved. The Joint Management committeecomprisesof,
• RepresentativesfromtheKFS.
• RepresentativesfromtheCFA.
• Otherstakeholdersintheareaastheneedarises.
ThiswillassisttheCFAinimplementationoftheJMA.
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8. REFERENCES
GOK,1970,TrustLandActchapter299,TheGovernmentPrinter,Nairobi,Kenya.
GOK,AgricultureActChapter318,TheGovernmentPrinter,Nairobi,Kenya.
GOK,(1994)Agriculture/NationalFoodPolicy(SessionalPaperNo.2),TheGovernmentPrinter,Nairobi,Kenya.
GOK(2008),Vision2030,TheGovernmentPrinter,Nairobi,Kenya.
GOK,(2006)EnergyAct,TheGovernmentPrinter,Nairobi,Kenya.
GOK(1968)TheForestPolicyforKenya.TheGovernmentPrinter,Nairobi,Kenya
GOK (1970) TheGovernment LandAct Chapter 280 Lawsof Kenya. TheGovernment Printer,Nairobi,Kenya.
GOK(1970)TheTrustLandsActChapter288LawsofKenya.TheGovernmentPrinter,Nairobi,Kenya.Confirm
GOK (1970) The Survey Act Chapter 299, Laws of Kenya The Government Printer, Nairobi,Kenya.Confirm
GOK (1977) The LandAdjudicationAct Chapter 284 Lawsof Kenya. TheGovernmentPrinter,Nairobi,Kenya.
GOK (1977) The Registered Land Act Chapter 300 Laws of Kenya. The Government Printer,Nairobi,Kenya.
GOK (1986)The LocalGovernmentActChapter265 LawsofKenya.TheGovernmentPrinter,Nairobi,Kenya.
GOK (2013). TheWildlife (Conservation andManagement) Kenya. The Government Printer,Nairobi,Kenya.
GOK(1994)TheKenyaNationalEnvironmentPlan(NEAP)Report.MinistryofEnvironmentandNaturalResources.TheGovernmentPrinter,Nairobi,Kenya.
GOK (1999) TheEnvironmentalManagement andCoordinationAct (EMCA). TheGovernmentprinters,Nairobi,Kenya
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GOK (2000) Interim Poverty Reduction Strategy Paper 2000-2003 available athttp://www.imf.org/external/NP/prsp/2000/ken/01/INDEX.HTM#VII
GOK(2002).TheWaterAct2002.TheGovernmentPrinter,Nairobi,Kenya.
GOK(2005)ForestsAct2005,TheGovernmentPrinter,Nairobi,Kenya.
GOK (2005)SessionalPaperNo.9of2005onForestPolicyTheGovernmentPrinter,Nairobi,Kenya.
MENR. (1994). Kenya Forestry Master Plan: Development Programmes. Ministry ofEnvironmentandNaturalResources:Nairobi,Kenya.
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9. APPENDICES
1. APPENDIX1:INSTITUTIONALARRANGEMENTSFORPLANIMPLEMENTATION
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2. APPENDIX2:DETAILSOFTHEPLANTATIONSWITHINKARURA(2008NRMDATA,PRESENTLYUNDERREVISION2016)
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BLOCK SPECIES SUB-COMP AREA AGE DENSITY KARURA Cup.tororosa 17A 5.3Ha 51years
" Cup.lustanica 9C 2.0Ha 39years " Araucariacunninghamii 18A 10.5Ha 51years
Araucariacunninghamii 18B 6.5Ha 51years Araucariacunninghamii 18C 3.7Ha 54years Araucariacunninghamii 13D 4.1Ha 49years Araucariacunninghamii 29A 1.2Ha 48years Araucariacunninghamii 34D 1.7Ha 58years Araucariacunninghamii 27A 7.7Ha 49years Eucalyptus NearHQsOffices 4.1Ha 89years Coppice Eucalyptus 12C 3.2Ha 86years Coppice Eucalyptusmaculata 12B 1.8Ha 46years Coppice Eucalyptuspaniculata 12A 2.4Ha 46years Coppice Eucalyptussaligna 14A 3.0Ha 47years Coppice Eucalyptuspaniculata&saligna 21A 4.5Ha 55years Coppice KARURA Eucalyptussaligna 24C 4.1Ha 58years Coppice
Eucalyptussaligna 24D 8.9Ha 43years Coppice Eucalyptussaligna&maculata 30A 8.9Ha 58years Coppice SIGIRIA Cupressustorurosa 43A 2.3Ha 49years
Cupressustorurosa 49A 6.0Ha 49years SIGIRIA Cupressustorurosa 42B 11.3Ha 52years SIGIRIA Eucalyptussaligna 40A 8.9Ha 57years Coppice
Eucalyptussaligna 44A 6.1Ha 79years Coppice Eucalyptussaligna 44C 1.2Ha 75years Coppice Eucalyptusmix 45A 2.0Ha 74years Coppice Eucalyptussaligna 45B 2.0Ha 58years Coppice Eucalyptussaligna 46A 9.7Ha 83years Coppice Eucalyptussaligna 46B 4.1Ha 84years Coppice Eucalyptussaligna 48A 12.5Ha 48years Coppice Eucalyptusmix 51A 8.5Ha 52years Coppice
3. APPENDIX3:MANDATEOFTHEKARURAJOINTMANAGEMENT
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COMMITTEE1. Promotethesustainabledevelopmentoftheforestforclimateamelioration,soil,and
waterandbiodiversityconservation;
2. Carryoutinventoriesandevaluationofforestresourcesandtheirpotentialutilization,inordertogenerateaccurateinformationfordecisionmaking;
3. EmpowerlocalcommunitiestomanagetheforestthroughCommunityForestAssociation;
4. Ensurethatforestplantationsaresustainablymanagedtorealizetheirmaximumpotential;
5. Supportforestmanagementwhichwillembracepreservationofreligiousandculturalsites,traditionalmedicalsources,watercatchments,andhabitatsforendemicandthreatenedspeciesoffloraandfauna;
6. Promotegoodgovernanceintheforestsector;
7. EnsurethatKaruraForestReserve,beinglargelyindigenous,remainsreserved;
8. Determineandappropriatethestatusoftheforest,andtakerestorationmeasures;
9. PromoteparticipatoryforestmanagementapproachestoensuretheparticipationofcommunitiesandotherstakeholdersinthemanagementofKaruraForestReserve;
10. Ensurethatusersbenefitingfromtheforestcontributetotheconservationandmanagementthroughtheuserpayprinciple;
11. Promoteinsectfarmingandothersustainable,non-harmfulusesofforest;
12. Ensurethatforestplantationsareefficientlymanagedandoperatedonacommercialbasis;
13. Ensurethatdegradedandoverexploitedareasarerehabilitatedbycommunityassociationswithgovernmentsupport;
14. Developlowimpactrecreationandecotourismfacilities;
15. Liberaliseseedlingsproduction;
16. Promotevalueaddedforestproducts;
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17. Applicationofforestryresearchfindings;
18. Supportpublicawarenesscreationwithregardtoforestconservationmanagementandutilization;
19. Protecttraditionalinterestsoflocalcommunitiescustomarilyresidentwithinoraroundaforest;
20. Respectculturalpracticesthatarecompatiblewithsustainableforestmanagement;
21. Enhancemoreopportunitiesforwomenandyouthintheforestthroughtrainingandeducation;and,
22. PromoteHIV/AIDSawareness.
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1. APPENDIX4:KENYAFORESTSERVICE(KFS)ANDFRIENDSOFKARURAFOREST(FKF)-STAKEHOLDERENGAGEMENTPOLICYFORTREEPLANTINGINKARURAFOREST
1. Context
KFSandFKFarelookingforgreaterstakeholderparticipationinForestryconservationandtreeplanting.KFSandFKFhaveestablishedguidelinestoengagestakeholdersatvariouslevelstoensureawin-winsituationwherethegoalsofstakeholdersaremetatthesametimerecognizingKFS/FKFinputs
2. KFSandFKFAuthority,BrandingandRecognition
23. Allengagementsofthesetguidelineswillbecovered,ifnecessary,byasignedagreement
24. KFSandFKFwillbeconsultedandinvolvedatalltimesonplannedarrangementandprogressthereafter.
25. KFSandFKFwilldelegatetechnicalKFSandFKFstafftoprovidealltechnicalsupportforintendedtreeplantingengagements
26. Allpublicityactivitiese.gpressrelease,mediabriefingsetconengagementmustinvolveallentitiestotheengagementandinformationcirculatedpriortoevents
27. Forlaunchactivities,KFSandFKFmustbeinvolvedintheentireprocessandprovidedwithaplatformtocontributeintheevente.g.DirectorKFSandChairFKFmakeaspeech.KFSandFKFexhibititsproducts.KFSandFKFlogoandsloganmustbeusedinallcommunicationsregardingengagementbyexampleinbrochures,fillers,billboards,bannersandallformsandtypesofcommunicationsrelatedtotheeventincludingmentionsonradioandotherelectronicmediacommunication.
1. KFSandFKFContribution
1. KFSandFKFshallarrangetoundertakeallnecessarymeasurestoensuresuccessoftheagreements.
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1. Treeplanting
2. KFSandFKFwillmakeavailableasiteforthetreeplantingexercise,willpreparethesitefortreeplanting,willprovidethetreesforplanting(fromtheKaruraNursery)andwillensureaftercareoftrees(fornolessthanthreeyears)toguaranteetheirsurvival.
ThecosttodoalltheabovewillKSH350pertreetoberevisedfromtimetotime.ChequestocoverthetreeplantingexpensesneedtobemadeoutinadvancetoFriendsofKaruraForest.