john r. anderson, ph.d., p.e. - cei enterprises, inc. · 2017. 1. 27. · john r. anderson, ph.d.,...
TRANSCRIPT
John R. Anderson, Ph.D., P.E.4 Lawn Street
Oviedo, FL 32765407-365-7229
Wednesday, 27 October 2010Concrete Airport Pavement Workshop
Renaissance Concourse Hotel – Atlanta, Georgia
� Design�– 3�agency�“policies”� Army� Air�Force/Air�National�Guard� Navy/Marine/Coast�Guard
� Construction�– 2�agency�“policies”� Army/Air�Force/Air�National�Guard� Navy/Marine/Coast�Guardy
� Basic�data�need�to�know:
� Agency��(just�discussed)
� Aircraft/Airfield�Type
� Subgrade�Strength
f� Rotary�Wing�functions� Transport� TacticalMost�Rotary�Wing�Airfields�6�– 12�inches�PCC
� Airlift� Equipment� Personnel� 12�– 20�inches�PCC
� USAF/ANG�use�same�standards� Base�normally�has�one�primary�y p ymission�aircraft:� Fighters��g� Airlift/Tankers� BombersBombers
� Fighter� “Light�Load�Airfield”� 400,000�passes�F�15�C/D��(�68,000�lb)� 400�passes�C�17�(590,000�lb)
Ai lift� Airlift� “Medium�Load�Airfield”
lb� 100,000�passes�F�15�E�(�81,000�lb)� 400,000�passes�C�17��(590,000�lb)� 400 passes B 52 (400 000 lb)� 400�passes�B�52�(400,000�lb)
f� Bomber��“�Heavy�Load�Airfield”� 100,000�passes�F�15�E�(81,000�lb)� 200,000�passes�C�17�(590,000�lb)� 120,000�passes�B�52�(480,000�lb)*
*Combat�Load
� Carriers/Destroyers/Subs�Primary�Missions� Shore�based�airfields�are�support/training
� (a.k.a.�less�funding)� Navy�Standard�Traffic�(Peace�Time�Weight)
� 300,000�passes�F�14�(72,000�lb)� 150,000�passes�P�3�(135,000�lb)� 15,000�passes�C�17�(585,000�lb)� 10,000�passes�KC�10�(590,000�lb)p
d l l1.��Pentagon�develops�War�Plan
E i N b fT2.��Estimate�Number�of�Targets
T i i fi h3.��Targets�require�rotary�wing,�fighters,bombers,�UAVs
4.��Support�/�Logistics�� airlift/tanker�missions
f5.�War�Planners�determine�number�of�Light,�Medium�and�Heavy�Load�airfields�to�win
6.�No�time�to�rebuild�airfield�during�war
7.�Therefore,�life�of�each�airfield�is…
“One�standard�war”
d l f S b d k ( )� Modulus�of�Subgrade�Reaction,�k,�psi/in�(pci)� Typically�100�200�psi/in;�outside�that�range�is�
lunusual� Essentially�a�“spring�constant”
� Concrete�slab�thickness�equations�based�upon�b d b h i “d li id” hsubgrade�behaving�as�a�“dense�liquid”�when�
loaded:
� HWD�Best� 55,000�lb�load
d� 200�points�/�day� DoD�tests�on
l5�year�cycle
� CBR/k�Correlations�usingField�or�Lab�CBRs
� Field�CBRs�� Existing�Pavement�Only� 18�inch�test�pits� Several�hours�plus�
patching/cure�timeField�CBR�in�Afghanistan
f� Bulk�samples�from�multiple�borings�or�test�pits
� 4�day�soak�CBR
� 4�6�weeks�for�sampling�and�testing
� Agency�Policies�Differ
� Aircraft�Type
� Subgrade�k
� Army/Navy�/Air�Force�use�same�spec
bd� UFGS�32�13�11����www.wbdg.org
�DISCONTINUED�SMALL�PROJECT,“LESS�THAN�10,000�CY”�SPEC
� ASR�/�Deicer�/�Accelerated�ASR� De�Icer��/�Accelerated�ASR�(expected�to�be�removed�from�
i t di h)requirements�pending�research)
� Combined�/�Optimized�Gradation� Beam/Cylinder & w/c Correlations� Beam/Cylinder��&�w/c�Correlations� Paver� Test Section� Test�Section
� Cement/admixture�alkali+aggregate�silica�+�water�=�expansive�reaction
Apron Expansion Shoves Asphalt Shoulder-damage shown required
Cracking after 10 years, Channel Islands, California
g qreplacement every 6 months
� 0.08%�maximum�expansion�at�28�days� FAA�is�0.10%�at�28�days;�� ASTM�C��1260�is�0.10%�at�14�days
� Considering�easing�based�upon�observed�performance�(Tigerbrain�involved�with�revision)
� Deicer� considering�removing�requirement�based�upon�pending�research
� Use�Combined�MaterialsW k bilit d C F t� Workability�and�Coarseness�Factors� WF:��Percent�Pass�No.�8�Sieve� CF:��3/8�Retained�%�/�No.�8�Retained�%
� Percent�Aggregate�Retained� 0.45�Power�Curve
(See�also�ACPA�2009�Annual�Meeting�Presentation�)
45
Paving BoxWell�Graded,Minus 3/4"
Sandy
35
40
Factor
Paving�BoxMinus�3/4 ,Not�ForPaving HAND
SIDE
30
Worka
bility� Coarse,�
Gap�Graded
Rocky
SLIP
25
W Rocky,�DO�NOT�PLOT�BELOW�LOWER�LIMIT
20
20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90
Coarseness�Factor
45Paving Box
40
ctor
Paving�Box
Well�Graded,Minus�3/4",Not�For
Sandy
HAND
SIDE
30
35
orka
bility�Fa
c
Coarse,�Gap�Graded
Paving
Rocky,�
SLIP
SIDE
25
Wo DO�NOT�PLOT�
BELOW�LOWER�LIMIT
20
20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90Coarseness�Factor
30
35Percent�Retained
Combined�Aggregates
20
25
aine
d
10
15
Percen
t�Reta
0
5
2"
1�1/2" 1"
3/4"
1/2"
3/8"
No.�4
No.�8
No.�16
No.�30
No.�50
No.�100
0
US�Standard�Sieve
90
1000.45�Power�Curve
CombinedAggregates
60
70
80
ent�P
assing
Combined�Aggregates
30
40
50
mbine
d�Pe
rce
""""""4860000
0
10
20Com
2"
1.5"1"
3/4"
1/2"
3/8"
No.�4
No.�8
No.�16
No.�30
No.�50
No.�100
No.�200
Sieve�to�0.45�power
� Thickness�based�upon�90�day�beam�strength
d d f� Purpose:��Avoid�waiting�90�days�for�results/payment
� Requires�Laboratory�Study�Prior�to�Paving
� Army�&�Air�Force�(Navy�uses�28�day�beams�w/o�correlations)
� 14�day�:�90�day�beam�(or�cylinder)�correlations
f� Project�specific� 6�beams�@�3,�7�,�14,�28,�90�days�� 3�different�w/c�ratio’s�(to�consider�climate�change�during�production�
� Therefore,��90�Beams� For�14�day�cylinder�:�90�day�beam�ratio,�
ADDITIONAL�90�cylinders
� 7�day�:�90�day�used�for�QC�dd t if l t th di t d� add�more�cement�if�low�strength�predicted
Still i b l t� Still�require�2�beams�per�lot
C l ti t i� Correlations�are�extensive
What theO ner ideall ants from the Pa er� What�the�Owner�ideally�wants�from�the�Paver:� Consolidation
l f� Flat�surface� No�excess�slurry/paste� Square,�solid�corners� Flat�edges
All�preferably�without�people�touching�the�concrete
� Central�Mix�on�site/ample�delivery�fleet� Ensure�paver/vibrators�work� Flat�pan;�flat,�solid�slipforms
� No�thin,�ragged,�bent,�torn�steel� Optimize�Mix�to�Paver
� Paper�/�software�analysis� Several�5�cy�+�batches�in�yard�5 y y� Trial�paving/pours�before�test�section� Core/full depth sawcut for visual inspectionCore/full�depth�sawcut�for�visual�inspection�
� Equipment�Tigerbrain�has�worked�with�and�easily�meet�the�Paver�Wants:� Gomaco� Guntert�&�Zimmerman� Wirtgen� Allen�Form�rider�Pavers�(heavy�model)( y )
� Following equipment may be possible to meet� Following�equipment�may�be�possible�to�meet�the�Paver�Wants,�but�must�demonstrate�process is under control to consistently meetprocess�is�under�control�to�consistently�meet�Paver�Wants:� Trusses ( t bl t d d f dd h d ld d t l� Trusses�(acceptable�standard�for�odd�shaped�areas;�welded�steel�
performs�better�than�aluminum)
� Roller�Screed*� Bridge�Deck*� Laser Screed* (Navy allowed on 2 projects)Laser�Screed (Navy�allowed�on�2�projects)
*Expect�strong�negative�reaction/rejection��from�DoD
� Additional�test�batches�to�match�mix�to�paver�and�labor
� Use�3+�spud�vibrators
� Trial�pours�prior�to�test�section
� Sawcut�full�depth�to�demonstrate�l dconsolidation,�no�segregation�or�excess�paste
After Taliban Attack, June 2010, Afghanistan (one member of escort detail survived to report; USAF flew in contractor’s backup paver)
Nighttime paving due to wind and heat; moon and artificial lights enabled mortar attacks (bad aim-no injuries)
Afternoon sandstorm moving in gat MiG junkyard
Haul road through thousands of Soviet-era mines on Base (markedes o se ( edwith white painted rocks)
Gomaco pan thin andthin andragged
Gun tower
Used vibrating truss for entire 35,000 square meterentire 35,000 square meterapron
44 meter ConcreteT-Walls; deflectsgunfirefrom bad guys
PCC w/ 10% silicaPCC w/ 10% silicafume and superplasticizer
Dover AFB, Atlantic Contracting
West Virginia
West Virginia
APAC-Tennessee
AJAX-Detroit
Not Quite…
Got it!
John R. Anderson, Ph.D., P.E. 407-365-7229 [email protected]