Jeffersonian DemocracyJeffersonian Democracy

Jefferson – President from 1801-Jefferson – President from 1801-18091809

Democratic-RepublicanDemocratic-Republican Occupation – LawyerOccupation – Lawyer Came from planter class (lower Came from planter class (lower

end)end) Well-educatedWell-educated DeistDeist Architect Architect InventorInventor Farmer (invented farm Farmer (invented farm

implements)implements)

Political CareerPolitical Career

House of Burgesses 1769-75House of Burgesses 1769-75 Continental Congress 1775-76Continental Congress 1775-76 Governor of Virginia during the warGovernor of Virginia during the war Served in Congress 1783-84Served in Congress 1783-84 Minister to France 1785-89Minister to France 1785-89 Secretary of State 1789-93Secretary of State 1789-93 VP 1796-1800VP 1796-1800 President 1801-1809President 1801-1809 When Jefferson wins in 1800 it is the 1st time that a When Jefferson wins in 1800 it is the 1st time that a

ruling government is defeated in an election and gives up ruling government is defeated in an election and gives up power without incidentpower without incident

PhilosophyPhilosophy

Faith in the common people Faith in the common people Yeoman farmer is the backbone Yeoman farmer is the backbone

of America,of America, Urban life is corruptUrban life is corrupt

Strong local governmentStrong local government Public educationPublic education No government in economy No government in economy Strict interpretation of the Strict interpretation of the

ConstitutionConstitution Government maintain liberties Government maintain liberties

Man of ContradictionsMan of Contradictions

Wrote Dec of Ind, yet owned slavesWrote Dec of Ind, yet owned slaves Extols hardworking & resourcefulness, yet Extols hardworking & resourcefulness, yet

he’s extravaganthe’s extravagant Strict Interpretation of Constitution, but Strict Interpretation of Constitution, but

approves La Purchapproves La Purch

1st Term1st Term

Didn’t change much Federalists policyDidn’t change much Federalists policy Did reduce the navyDid reduce the navy

Democratic changesDemocratic changes Replaced the bow with a handshakeReplaced the bow with a handshake Round tables at formal dinnersRound tables at formal dinners Used horse as transportation rather than a Used horse as transportation rather than a

carriagecarriage More successful than 2More successful than 2ndnd term term

Marbury v. MadisonMarbury v. Madison – 1803 – 1803

Who was William Marbury?Who was William Marbury? Why did he sue the Jefferson administration?Why did he sue the Jefferson administration?

Marbury v. MadisonMarbury v. Madison

What did Supreme Court rule?What did Supreme Court rule? Congress had no constitutional right to create law Congress had no constitutional right to create law

regarding Supreme Court jurisdictionregarding Supreme Court jurisdiction• Judiciary Act of 1789 unconstitutional Judiciary Act of 1789 unconstitutional

Judicial Review – what is it?Judicial Review – what is it?

As a result, Marbury is never appointedAs a result, Marbury is never appointed

1st Barbary War (Tripolian War) 1st Barbary War (Tripolian War) 1801-18051801-1805

Barbary Pirates (Algiers, Tunis, Barbary Pirates (Algiers, Tunis, Tripoli, & Morocco)Tripoli, & Morocco)

Most navies pay tribute Most navies pay tribute Washington and Adams didWashington and Adams did

Jefferson mobilized the navy to Jefferson mobilized the navy to protect American merchant protect American merchant shippingshipping

End of the conflictEnd of the conflict America wanted to free captured America wanted to free captured

sailorssailors Treaty was signed ending war & Treaty was signed ending war &

returning 300 American prisoners in returning 300 American prisoners in exchange for $60,000 exchange for $60,000

Louisiana Purchase – 1803Louisiana Purchase – 1803

1801 – Spain sells Louisiana Territory to France1801 – Spain sells Louisiana Territory to France What does France do?What does France do?

What does America offer to buy?What does America offer to buy? What is France’s counteroffer? What is France’s counteroffer?

Why do they want to sell?Why do they want to sell? 830,000 sq. miles for $15 million830,000 sq. miles for $15 million

Was La Purchase Constitutional?Was La Purchase Constitutional?

Dilemma - not an executive power to acquire landDilemma - not an executive power to acquire land What did he doWhat did he do

Jefferson moved forward with the plan to acquire and took it to Jefferson moved forward with the plan to acquire and took it to Congress after the fact to have them ratifyCongress after the fact to have them ratify

BacklashBacklash Federalists harassed Jefferson - violated ConstitutionFederalists harassed Jefferson - violated Constitution

Some federalists didn’t want the land because the US is too big Some federalists didn’t want the land because the US is too big alreadyalready

• can’t defend itcan’t defend it• Four days from Boston to NYCFour days from Boston to NYC• Thought it would become 2-3 republicsThought it would become 2-3 republics

Lewis and Clark – 1804Lewis and Clark – 1804 Leave from St. Louis Leave from St. Louis Made it to Mandan, ND first yearMade it to Mandan, ND first year Their jobTheir job

Find out what is out thereFind out what is out there Make mapsMake maps

• TopographyTopography Collect flora and faunaCollect flora and fauna Tell everyone that it’s our landTell everyone that it’s our land

Made it to OregonMade it to Oregon Collected samples and brought them backCollected samples and brought them back Very successful Very successful

One death (appendix)One death (appendix)

Significant Events in 2nd TermSignificant Events in 2nd Term

Napoleonic WarsNapoleonic Wars Chesapeake AffairChesapeake Affair Embargo Act of 1807Embargo Act of 1807

Napoleonic WarsNapoleonic Wars

After 1805, France controls After 1805, France controls most of Continental Europemost of Continental Europe

Britain controls the seas Britain controls the seas Both establish blockadesBoth establish blockades

British capture American ships British capture American ships and impressed sailorsand impressed sailors

Jefferson upset Jefferson upset

Chesapeake Affair – June 1807 Chesapeake Affair – June 1807

US frigate Chesapeake US frigate Chesapeake encountered British encountered British frigate Leopardfrigate Leopard Brits demanded 4 sailorsBrits demanded 4 sailors Capt James Barron Capt James Barron

refused refused Leopard opened fireLeopard opened fire

Chesapeake CrisisChesapeake Crisis

England screwed upEngland screwed up Attack on a neutral shipAttack on a neutral ship Impressment from military shipImpressment from military ship

American reactionAmerican reaction The nation wants warThe nation wants war Jefferson tries to negotiate an end to Jefferson tries to negotiate an end to

impressmentimpressment• This failsThis fails

Embargo Act of 1807 - Dec 1807Embargo Act of 1807 - Dec 1807

Jefferson gets Congress to pass embargoJefferson gets Congress to pass embargo Felt US exports were vital to England – Felt US exports were vital to England –

they would be forced to make concessionsthey would be forced to make concessions US vessels were not allowed to land in US vessels were not allowed to land in

foreign ports without Presidential foreign ports without Presidential authorizationauthorization

How does it work?How does it work?

Hurt US economy – led to unemployment, Hurt US economy – led to unemployment, particularly in coastal townsparticularly in coastal towns

British and French found other trading British and French found other trading partners in South and Central America, so partners in South and Central America, so they were not hurt as badly as America they were not hurt as badly as America hopedhoped

Impossible to enforce – American Impossible to enforce – American merchants began to smuggle goods to merchants began to smuggle goods to CanadaCanada

Jefferson’s Reaction to Jefferson’s Reaction to Enforcement IssueEnforcement Issue

Jefferson/Congress begins to pass more Jefferson/Congress begins to pass more laws that begin to limit the liberties of the laws that begin to limit the liberties of the people (very non-Jeffersonian)people (very non-Jeffersonian)

Enforcement law Enforcement law Port authority can seize cargo without a Port authority can seize cargo without a

warrantwarrant Can bring to trial anyone suspected of Can bring to trial anyone suspected of

smugglingsmuggling Upon leaving office, Embargo Act repealedUpon leaving office, Embargo Act repealed