iurpa 2009 luiz f. arruda eletrobras distribution companies september 2009 losses in brazil some...
TRANSCRIPT
IURPA 2009
LUIZ F. ARRUDAELETROBRAS DISTRIBUTION COMPANIESSEPTEMBER 2009
LOSSES IN BRAZIL SOME PROBLEMS AND SOLUTIONS
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FEDERAL DISTRIBUTION COMPANIES
Brasília
Belo Horizonte
Rio de Janeiro
São Paulo
MAIN FIGURESMAIN FIGURES
Total area: 2.245.887 Km2 (around 25% of Brazil)Cities: 462Inhabitants: 11.650.457 (around 6% of the total of Brazil)5 inhabitants / km2Customers: 3 MillionEmployees : 6.000 (+ 6.000 contractors)Sold Energy: 11.290 GWhTotal Losses: 36%
THE STATE OF THE STATE OF AMAZONASAMAZONASTHE STATE OF THE STATE OF AMAZONASAMAZONAS
Area: 1.558.987 Km23,2 M inhabitants2,1 inhabitant/km²62 Cities640 mil Costumers
MANAUS
YAUARETÊ
IPIXUNA
DISTANCES AND TIME TO TRAVEL INSIDE AMAZONAS
São Gabriel
Panoré
Rio Juru
áRio Solimões
Rio Negro
4.618 km33 dias
1.138 km14 dias
JURUÁ
1.198 km7 dias
CAUAUARÍ
1.540 km11 dias
2.112 km14 dias
ITAMARATI
EIRUNEPÉ
3.448 km18 dias
ENVIRA3.496 km20 dias
5.600 km35 dias
GUAJARÁ
ESTADO DE RONDÔNIAESTADO DE RONDÔNIA
Area: 238.513 km²1.453.756 Inhabitants6,1 Inhabitants/km²52 Cities
THE STATE OF RONDÔNIA
Extensão: 251.329.186 Km2 População: 3.032.421 HabDensidade Demográfica: 12,05 Hab/Km2Municípios Atendidos: 223
THE STATE OF PIAUÍ THE STATE OF PIAUÍ Area: 251.330 Km23 Million Inhabitants12 Inhabitants / Km2223 Cities
MAIN PROBLEMS
Cultural: State has the obligation to take care of everything (“to give everything”)
Poverty
During many years the states didn`t take care of the companies
MAIN PROBLEMS
Lack of investment
Many customer installation without meter
Energy delivered with low quality
High residential consumption because the weather (100 degrees F and high humidity level)
SOME SOLUTIONS
Improving energy quality: changing from Diesel generation to gas turbines
Implementing inspection teams ( 1 team for each 3,000 customers!!!)
Prosecuting people under Federal Criminal Laws Code
Changing meters from eletromechanical to electronic technology
AMI for Medium Voltage Customers and the biggest Low Voltage Customers (more than 4,000 KWh/month)
SOME SOLUTIONS
For low income people areas
Installing electronic meters inside a box on the pole
Specific software to manage meters and other functionalities (alarms for example)
“Shielding “ the lines by using special concentric cables (to avoid illegal connections)
Automation system for consumer units supplied in low (buildings of individual and collective use) and medium voltage .
Provided with the functions listed below, which can be accessed remotely via wireless, GPRS, satellite, RF or PLC (Power Line Carrier) communication:
• Cutoff and reconnection
services (LV customers)• Energy balance• Monitoring of irregularities• Demand management
through current data
collection• Time of use tariff (TOU)
when allowed by ANEEL• Prepayment
Meters box – 12 single phase meters or other combinations
Single phase meter – socket type , hot swap
Shielded line - details
Energy balance meter box and communication for each secondary transformer
Connection box (transition from concentric cables to the meter box)
Single phase cable
1- Phase 1 - Cupper
2 - insulation
3 - Neutral
4 - External insulation proper for outdoor installation
For 2 or 3 phase cables the internal conductors are made of Aluminum
Another kind of cable
Concentric cables
Low voltage shielded line – more details
SOME SOLUTIONSFor Medium Voltage Customers
Current and Voltage transformers installed outdoor
Compact block, casted in Cycloaliphatic resin
Compartment to allocate calibration switch, electronic meter and gateway
CT
Lightning Arrester
Cables
Fuse
Cables
VT
Metering + communication box
Support
Lifting bar
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Installation
Possibility of partial replacement of each pair of (CT + VT)
• 03 Current and Voltage transformers
• 03 Lightning arresters
• 01 Compartment to allocate calibration switch,
measurer and remote with:
– 01 opening sensor
– 01 heat sensor
– 01 calibration switch
– 01 electronic meter
– 01 gateway + cell phone
– Connections with protected cables (NOT
insulated)
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Alternative for Ip > 100 [A](Fth=1,5)
