ITU-TITU-T ITU-T technical results in IMT-2000 Studies: Mobile Network Evolution

Greg Jones,ITU-T

greg.jones@itu.int

June, 2002, Lisbon

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A View of Terminal Mobility Versus Personal Mobility

Personal mobility need not carry a

terminal must have a personal

number

Network

wireline

Terminal mobility must carry a wireless terminal must be within radio coverage

Network

wireless

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ITU-T IMT-2000 SpecificationsStructure

Q.1701

Q.1711

Q.1721

Protocols

Q.FSR RAN-CN

Framework

Requirements

Protocols

Framework for IMT-2000 networks

Network functional model

Information flows

Radio interface technology independent requirements

N/A for CS-1

Q.1701

Q.1711

Q.1721

Protocols

Q.FSR RAN-CN

Framework

Requirements

Protocols

Q.1701

Q.1711

Q.1721

Protocols

Q.FSR RAN-CNQ.FSR RAN-CN

Framework

Requirements

Protocols

Framework for IMT-2000 networks

Network functional model

Information flows

Radio interface technology independent requirements

N/A for CS-1

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ITU-T Recommendationscould be found at http://www.itu.int

Q.1741.1 (04/02) – IMT-2000 References to Release 1999 of GSM evolved UMTS Core Network with UTRAN Access Network

Q.1701 (03/99) - Framework for IMT-2000 Networks

Q.1711 (03/99) - Network Functional Model for IMT‑2000

Q.1721 (06/00) - Information Flows for IMT‑2000 CS‑1

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ITU-T Recommendationscould be found at http://www.itu.int

Q.1731 (06/00) - Radio Technology Independent Requirements for IMT‑2000 Layer 2 Radio Interface

Q.1751(06/00) - Internetwork Signalling Requirements for IMT‑2000 Capability Set 1

Supplement 30 (12/00) to ITU‑T Recommendation Q.1701 - Framework for IMT-2000 Networks - Roadmap to IMT-2000 Recommendations, Standards and Technical Specifications

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ITU-T Recommendationscould be found at http://www.itu.int

E.164/I.331 (05/97) - The international public telecommunication numbering plan

E.190 (05/97) - Principles and responsibilities for the management, assignment and reclamation of E-Series international numbering resources

E.212 (11/98) - The international identification plan for mobile terminals and mobile users

H.323 (11/00) – Packed-based multimedia communications systems

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ITU-T Recommendationscould be found at http://www.itu.int

Annex H to Rec. H.323 (2001) – Users, terminal and service mobility in H.323

Annex I to Rec. H.323 (2001) – Terminal mobility in H.323 (Error prone channels)

Annex E to Rec. H.246 (11/00) – Use of H.323 terminals in the PLMN

Recommendation G.729 and its Annexes (Rev.) – Coding of speech at 8kbit/s using CS-ACELP (conjugate – structure, algebraic-code- excited liner prediction) (03/96)

H.323 (V4 –02/00) – Packet based multi-media communication systems

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ITU-T Recommendationscould be found at http://www.itu.int

Recommendation H.450 series – Generic functional protocol for the support of supplementary services in H.323

H.245 (V6 - 02/00) – control protocol for multimedia communication

H.332 (09/98) – Multimedia terminal for security Internet-based H.323 conferences

H.235 (V2 - 11/00) – Security and encryption for H-series (H.323 and H.245 based) multimedia terminals

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ITU-T Recommendationscould be found at http://www.itu.int

H.248 (06/00) – Gateway control protocol

M.3200 (04/97) - TMN management services and telecommunications managed areas: overview

M.3210(IMT-SP) - Configuration Management Functional Requirements:Service Provisioning for IMT-2000 - target 2003

M.3210.1(01/01) – TMN Management Services for IMT-2000 Security Management

ITU-T

REC

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ITU-T Recommendationscould be found at http://www.itu.int

X.509 ISO/IEC 9594-8 (03/00) – Information Technology – Open Systems Interconnection – The Directory: Public-Key and Attribute Certificate Frameworks

X.841 ISO/IEC 15816 (10/00) - Information Technology – Security Techniques – Security Information Objects

X.842 ISO/IEC TR 14516 (10/00) - Information Technology – Security Techniques – Guidelines on the Use and Management of Trusted Third Party Services (TTP)

X.843 ISO/IEC 15945 (10/00) - Information Technology – Security Techniques – Specification of TTP Services to Support the Application of Digital Signatures

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The three-stage process for interface specification

Physicalarchitecture

Interfaces

SDL diagrams

Informationflows

Functional architecture

Services/Features Stage 1

Service definition

Stage 2

Signaling requirements

Stage 3

Protocol specification

SDL – System Description Language

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IMT-2000 Family-of-systems concept.

Family Member

AFamily

MemberC

Family Member

B

IMT-2000 Family

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Physical interfaces of an IMT‑2000 family member system

UIM MT RAN CN CN

CNs of other IMT-2000 family members

UIM-MT interface

MT-RAN interface

RAN-CN interface

NNI

UIM – User Identity ModuleMT – Mobile TerminalRAN – Radio Access Network

CN – Core NetworkNNI or CN–CN – Network-to-

Network Interface

to be specified in future CSs

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List of Interfacesneed to be standardized in ITU

NNIMT-RAN interfaceUIM-MT interfaceRAN-CN interface

ITU-TITU-T

Common NNI in the IMT‑2000 Family Member interconnection model

CNc

CNbCNa IWFa IWFb

IWFc

Family Member C

Family Member A Family Member B

NNI

NNI

NNI

IWF – Interworking Function

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Flexible connection between radio modulesand core networks based on operator needs

RTTs

EvolvedGSM (MAP)

CN

EvolvedANSI-41 CN

ANSI-41UWC-136 CN

IP-based CN Future CN

Common NNI

Application of IMT-2000 Family Member concept

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SSG - IMT-2000 and BeyondWhy create this study Group?

– growth of wireless access outstripping traditional access

• soon will be over 50% of all subscribers

• already the case in some markets

– explosive growth of the Internet• strong correlation between wireless access and

internet usage

• leads to “Wireless Internet”

– multiple forums working on 3G systems• need to promote harmonization and convergence

• rapidly increasing importance of globalization

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Why is the SSG-IMT special?• Given significant freedom in conducting its

business:– Paperless meetings to maximum extent possible– Reduced meeting notice requirements (one month,

electronically)– Reduced contribution submission deadline– All documents to be available on ITU web site– Meeting reports to be made available quickly– May use teleconferences, other means to conduct work

• A de facto trial of selected reform aspects!• Plus has the usual powers of a Study Group:

– Create and approve Recommendations– To advise TSAG on effectiveness of new

procedures

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Wireless Internet

1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003

Source: Strategis Group, World Cellular / PCS Markets, May 1998.

(“Other Digital” refers to PDC and PHS.)

Source: The Yankee Group, Nortel Networks

Subscriber Growth

Data Subscriber Growth

Data Traffic Growth

Voice 96%

Data 4%

Voice 30%

Data 70%

Wireless Applications Growth

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

1998 2002 2005

A Mobile Revolution

Source: ITU World Telecommunication Indicators Database.

0

200

400

600

800

1'000

1'200

1'400

1993 1995 1997 1999 2001 2003

Mobile Users

Fixed Lines

Fixed Lines vs. Mobile Users, worldwide, Million

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Special Study Group on IMT-2000 and Beyond

Summary of Mandate (1 of 2)

• Lead SG on IMT-2000 and beyond and for mobility

• Primary responsibility within ITU‑T for overall network aspects of IMT‑2000 and beyond

– Work plan

– Migration path from existing IMT-2000 systems towards systems beyond IMT-2000

• Long term common IP-based architecture

• Near term IP-based internetworking

– Overview road map

– Interworking functions, if not done elsewhere

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Special Study Group on IMT-2000 and Beyond

Summary of Mandate (2 of 2)• In addition, will study:

– Harmonization of IMT-2000 Family members as they evolve beyond IMT-2000

– Evolution of network aspects utilizing IMT-2000 RTTs as FWA

– Network aspects of convergence of fixed and wireless networks

– Standardization of IMT-2000 interfaces where needed• Work with ITU-D to assist developing countries in applying

IMT-2000• Collaborate with ITU-R 8F (radio) and 8D (satellite)• Strong cooperative relations and complementary programs with

SDOs, 3GPPs• Develop and approve Recommendations• Make use of provisional working procedures specific to this SSG

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Questions under study (1 of 3) Q.1/SSG Service and Network capability requirements

and network architecture

     establish a clear vision for future mobile services and network capability requirements for “beyond IMT-2000 systems”

  Q.2/SSG NNI mobility management protocol (Stage 3)

define new mobility management signalling application protocols, or enhancements to existing protocols, needed to support IMT-2000 services to enable global roaming between different IMT-2000 family systems.

  Q.3/SSG Identification of existing and evolving IMT-2000 Systems

    identify architectures, detailed specifications and releases which have been and will be produced by recognized SDO’s which make up existing and evolving IMT-2000 systems.

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Questions under study (2 of 3)

Q.4/SSG Interworking functions to be used with existing and evolving IMT-2000 systems

identify (and define if not done elsewhere) interworking functions to facilitate appropriate interworking between existing and evolving IMT-2000 family members, PSTN/ISDN and Packet Data Networks

Q.5/SSG Preparation of a Handbook on IMT-2000

work with the D and R sectors, coordinate T sector input for a handbook on IMT-2000 to assist developed and developing countries

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Questions under study (3 of 3) Q.6/SSG Harmonization of evolving IMT-2000 Systems

define interface requirements and network architectures for harmonization of existing and evolving IMT-2000 systems to provide seamless global roaming for IMT-2000 future Capability Sets (that include high speed packet data, multimedia, and IP-based services)

Q.7/SSG Convergence of fixed and existing IMT-2000 systems

- describe the principles and requirements for the convergence of fixed and IMT-2000 networks-describe the architectural requirements for a converged core network to support IMT-2000 capabilities accessible from various wireless and wireline access technologies to support current and evolving IMT-2000 capabilities  

Q.8/SSG Special Study Group working procedures

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TechnologicalTechnological and System Contextand System Context

WirelessWirelessInformationInformation

SocietySocietyS-UMTS

SatelliteBroadband

DVB-S

DVB-TDAB

GSM

GPRS/EDGE

IR

BroadbandW-LAN

UMTS

Satellite/HAPS

Broadcasting

Cellular

Indoor

MBS 40 xMDS

Broadband WFA

Wireless Local Loop

Body LANs

PersonalArea Networks

UMTS ++

4th Generation

Local Area NetworksMBS 60 MWS

Bluetooth

Quasi-Cellular

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Characteristics of the 4th generation?

• New network types ?• New frequency bands?• New air interfaces?• New terminals/appliances?• Different network management?• New services?• Better cost/performance ratios?• Higher reliability?  Perhaps all, but only where the business case justifies

the investment !

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Network ArchitectureNetwork Architecture

SGSN

BTS

RNC

SGSN

HorizontalHandover

BSC

GSM BSS

UTRANNode B

Node B

Other Networks

IP Backbone

IP WAN

Radio CellsOne Subnet

VerticalHandover

Location Database

Supports:

- QoS for realtime services- Multicast- Handover

Roaming

Inter-Network “Handover” is a must

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Technology perspective of 4th generation

4th generation wireless network and terminal re-configurability (scalable and flexible self-organised), including the adaptation of resource allocation to cope with varying traffic load, channel conditions and service environments.Integration of fixed/mobile/broadcasting networks and rules for distribution and decentralized control of functional entities. Protocols that permit the network to adapt dynamically to changing channel conditions, that allow the coexistence of low and high-rate users, hand-off of high-data-rate users between base stations, congestion-control algorithms that are cognizant of and adjust to changing channel conditions etc. Development of system concepts for digital broadband millimeter wave (up to 200GHz ) capable of delivering bit rates beyond 155 Mbits/s.

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Towards life in 2010:• 90% of traffic on mobile networks will be data• Domestic demand reaches 100Mbits/s per home• Cellular phone locations used in traffic

management systems• All new cars fitted with automated distress

system• 90% of calls will be tetherless• 1 Terabit memory chip• Chips with 10 billion transistors• Household access by facial recognition• In-store positioning systems enable personalised

guides• Voice interface for home appliances

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Expectation for 4G System:

• high speed (vehicular: 2 Mbps, pedestrian/indoor:20 Mbits/s)

• next generation Internet support (IPv6, QoS, Mo-IP)• high-capacity 5~10 times to 3G• flexible for providing new services• utilize higher frequencies (for example 3~8 GHz)• lower system cost (1/10 of IMT2000?)4th generation mobile systems will differ from IMT-2000. System deployment history indicates that the generation

changes roughly 10 years step.

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It is not only circuit switched voice services!

It is• the mobile component of the Information Society• digital convergence of content, media, data and telecom• a multi-national, multi-sector system• many different protocols (MPEG, WAP, IP, etc.)• a wide range of terminals, products and services

It demands global roaming• users want services available everywhere• new services and products for competition and innovation

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Capability Set 1 circuit and packet bearer capability up to 144 kb/s in vehicular

radio environment circuit and packet bearer capability up to 384 kb/s for pedestrian

radio environment circuit and packet bearer capability up to 2048 kb/s in indoor

office radio environment roaming among the IMT-2000 family of systems interworking with IP networks interworking with other fixed networks service portability and support of virtual home environment multimedia terminals and services emergency and priority calls geographic position/location service user authentication and ciphering support of UPT

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Deliverables (1 of 8)

2002: • New Rec. Q.1702 (Q.LTVN) - Long-Term

Vision of Network Aspects for Systems Beyond IMT-2000 - Q.1: ITU long-term vision (focused around year 2010) on systems beyond IMT-2000 for future mobile service and network capabilities requirements (currently under AAP Last Call)

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Deliverables (2 of 8)

2002: • Handbook on IMT-2000 deployment,

Q.5

• New Rec. Q.SCFN, Q.1: Aspects of service capability requirements, including VHE

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Deliverables (3 of 8) 2002:

• New Rec. Q.1741.2, Q.3: “IMT-2000 References to Release 1999 of GSM evolved UMTS core network with UTRAN access network” (Release 2)

• New Rec. Q.1742.1, Q.3: “ANSI-41 evolved core network with cdma2000 access network”

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Deliverables (4 of 8)2003:

• Tech. Report, Q.2: New protocols for Common Mobility Management and Global Roaming

• New Rec. Q.1743.1, Q.3: “ANSI-41/GPRS evolved core network with UWC-136 access network”

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Deliverables (5 of 8)2003:

• New type of output, Q.6: Degree of harmonisation of existing IMT-2000 systems

• New type of output , Q.6: Harmonisation issues relating to existing IMT-2000 systems

• New type of output , Q.6: Harmonisation proposals for evolving IMT-2000 systems

• New type of output, Q.7: Principles and requirements for convergence of public fixed networks and IMT-2000 network

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Deliverables (6 of 8)2003:

• New Rec. Q.FNAB, Q.1: Long-term high-level network architecture for beyond IMT-2000 systems

• New Rec. Q.NCRB, Q.1: Network capabilities requirements

• New Rec., Q.2: Requirements for new Mobility Management protocols to support Global Roaming in IMT-2000 and beyond

• New Rec., Q.7: Network architecture and interface requirements facilitating evolution of existing public fixed networks towards converged core network, supporting IMT-2000 capabilities

• New Rec., Q.7: Access network interface requirements for utilizing IMT-2000 radio access technologies as FWA with existing public fixed networks

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Deliverables (7 of 8)2004:

• New Rec., Q.4: Functions required to interwork between IMT-2000 family members developed by SDOs

• New Rec., Q.4: Functions required to interwork between IMT-2000 family members and PSTN/ISDN

• New Rec., Q.4: Functions required to interwork between IMT-2000 family members and Packet Data Networks

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Deliverables (8 of 8)2004:

• Tech. Report, Q.2: Identification of the mobility management features and studies the protocol to interoperability, transport layers and mobility management

• New Rec., Q.7: Architectural and network interface requirements for converged core network to facilitate services transparency to users across different access arrangements, including migration path for network convergence

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SSG Meetings

• May 21- 27, 2002, Ottawa, Canada followed by one-day seminar on IMT-2000 and Systems Beyond

• November 4 - 8, 2002, Geneva, Switzerland

• March 3 – 7, 2003, Geneva, Switzerland

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Envisaged Network Environment Around the Year 2010

• High-speed data connection is a norm in accessing multimedia services and Internet services

• The core network is fully IP-based• Software radio technology becomes a

main element in the wireless infrastructure

• Digital TV with data service capability• Mobility management will be

supporting higher speed objects such as vehicles

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Phases and expected timelines for future development of IMT-2000 and systems

beyond

2001 2006 2010 2020+2003

IMT-2000andFutureDevelopment

SystemsBeyond

Evolution/Integrationwith Other Radio Systems

Other RadioSystems

RequirementsDefinition

StandardsDevelopment

StandardsEnhancements

Systems Deployment

Standards Enhancements

Spectrum Identificationand Implementation

Spectrum Identificationand Implementation

VisionDefinition

Systems Deployment

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Defining the Vision: Capabilitiesof IMT-2000 and Systems Beyond

Mobility

Medium Digital Broadcast

Peak Useful Data Rate (Mb/s)

High

Systems beyond IMT-2000

Enhancement

Low

Notes: 1. Denotes interconnection between systems via networks or the like which allows flexible use in

environments without making users aware of constituent systems. 2. Light gray color indicates existing capabilities, medium gray color indicated enhancements to

IMT-2000, and the darker gray color indicates new capabilities of Systems Beyond IMT-2000. 3. The degree of mobility as used in this figure is described as follows: Low mobility covers

pedestrian speed (~3 km/h); medium mobility covers limited speed as for cars within cities (~50-60 km/h); high mobility covers high speed as on highways or with fast trains (60 km/h to ~250 km/h, or even more).

Mobility

Nomadic / Local area wireless access

IMT-2000 Enhanced IMT-2000

Enhancement

New Elements of Systems Beyond IMT-2000

Illustration of Capabilities of IMT-2000 and Systems Beyond

1 10 100 1000

Mobile Access

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Data rates for the new elements of the system beyond IMT-2000

•up to 100 Mb/s for the mobile access and

•up to 1 Gb/s for the nomadic/local area wireless access

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Generic Network Architecture of IMT-2000

HLR

AC

Other Networks(P LMNs, P STN, ISDN,

B- ISDN)

InternetBS

MSC /VLR

P DSN

GMSC

P DGN

SC P

SDPIN

RNC

AC : Authentic ation C enter RNC : Radio Network C ontrollerBS : Base Station PDG N : Pac ket Data G ateway NodeG MSC : G ateway Mobile Switc hing C enter PDSN : Pac ket Data Support NodeHLR : Home Loc ation Register SC P : Servic e C ontrol PointIN : Intelligent Network SDP : Servic e Data PointMSC : Mobile Switc hing C enter VLR: Visitor Loc ation Register

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Difficulties towards the single Network Architecture

• influences of competition

• existing networks

• depreciating equipment

• time frames for equipment installation

• the mix of services provided

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Layer Architecture of future network scenarios

Constant Bit Rate Services

Fibre/WDM Fibre/WDM Fibre/WDM

Synchronous Transport Networks

Synchronous Transport Networks

Synchronous Transport Networks

ATM PPP

All Services

IP IP

All Services

ATM

DataServices

IP

ATM Asynchronous Transfer Mode SDH Synchronous Digital HierarchyIP Internet Protocol SONET Synchronous Optical NETworkPPP Point-to-Point Protocol WDM Wavelength Division Multiplexing

ATM Core Network IP Core NetworkATM/IP Core Network

Physical

Data Link

Network,Transport,

etc.

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Three scenarios for core network in long-term

• ATM Core Network

• ATM/IP Core Network

• IP Core Network

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For more information please visit out web site http://www.itu.int:

SSG web page http://www.itu.int/ITU-T/ssg/index.html and IMT-2000 web pages: 1. Network aspects

http://www.itu.int/ITU-T/imt-2000/index.html

2. Radio aspects http://www.imt-2000.org/portal/index.asp

ITU-TITU-T

Thank you for your attention!Thank you for your attention!