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Part 1

Wine Tasting Techniques Italian Wine Labelling Valle D`AostaPiemonteLombardiaTrentino Alto AdigeVenetoFriuli Venezia Giulia

Edited by Loris Propedo

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1st STAGE IN WINE TASTING

SIGHT: At this stage you can evaluate the limpidity, colour and presence of bubbles, or sediments. It will help give you a rough idea of the development, ageing and even body and alcohol percentage of the wine.

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1st STAGE : SIGHT

Wine Tasting Approach: ask yourself

LIMPIDITY: Is it crystal clear or is it dull and cloudy?

COLOUR : What colour is it, white, red or ros?

INTENSITY: Is it pale, medium or dark?

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2nd STAGE IN WINE TASTING

SMELL: This is the most important stage of evaluation. You will be able to asses the condition, quality, ageing, development and aromas. This sense has a chemical data base in your brain. Once you smell something it is stored in your memory forever.

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2nd STAGE : SMELL

Wine Tasting Approach: ask yourself

CONDITIONS: Is it in a good state?

INTENSITY: How powerful is the smell? DEVELOPMENT: How old is the wine? Is it oxidized? Is it supposed to be like this?

AROMA: What fragrance, scent / odour can I smell? What particular smell do I perceive?

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3rd STAGE IN WINE TASTING

TASTE: The last stage is the confirmation of what you have smelt before but also is the evaluation in terms of flavour, sweetness, acidity, tannins, alcohol, and body. At this point you can also make your final conclusions.

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3rd STAGE : TASTE

Wine Tasting Approach: ask yourself

SWEETNESS: How dry or sweet is it?ACIDITY: How zesty is it? How strong is the tar flavour?TANNIN: How astringent / prickly is it? ALCOHOL: How warm does the back of my throat feel?BODY: How heavy does it feel?INTENSITY: How powerful is the flavour?FLAVOUR: What kind of flavours can I taste?PERSISTENSY: How long does it last?

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TASTE SENSE

SMELL SENSE

Grape wine cultivation areas

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20 Regions !!!48 - 36 LatitudeMountainsSeas, Lakes,Climates,Grape Varieties,Viticulture,Vinification,Laws andTraditions

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ITALIAN WINE LABELLING

Denominazione di Origine Controllata e Garantita (DOCG): If this is present on a wine bottle, it means that the wine producers have followed the strictest regulations possible to make that wine. The wine was tested by a committee that guarantees the geographic authenticity of the wine and its quality.

Denominazione di Origine Controllata (DOC): The rules governing quality and authenticity are still very strict, but they're a little more generous than those for DOCG status. For instance, the geographic zone might be a little bigger.

Indicazione Geografica Tipica (IGT): This designation was created a after the DOC - DOCG designations in order to accommodate growers who couldn't meet all the DOC- DOCG regulations for one reason or another, but they were still producing great wines.

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VALLE D`AOSTA

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VALLE D`AOSTA

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Valle D`Aosta Sottozona Arnad-Motjovet Sottozona Donnas Sottozona Blanc de Morgex et de La Salle Sottozona Chambave Sottozona Arvier Sottozona Torrette Sottozona Nus1 Doc

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Climatic Conditions

Protected in the north from cold currents and on the west from humid Atlantic currents by the Alps,the Aosta Valley boasts a climate particularly suited for vine cultivationdating as far back Roman times. It can be very warm during day in summer time but at night the temperature drops rapidly.This allow the wine to have a lot of pleasant acidity, but do not expect very full bodied or heavy wines

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Valle d`Aosta or Valle d`Aoste Grape Variety

Mller Thurgau, Gamay, Pinot nero or Pinot noir, Pinot grigio or Pinot gris, Pinot bianco or Pinot blanc, Chardonnay, Mayolet, Petite Arvine, Merlot, Fumin, Syrah, Cornalin, Nebbiolo, Petit rouge, Prmetta, Moscato bianco or Muscat petit grain, Traminer aromatico or Gewrztraminer, Gamaret, Vuillermin

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VINEYARDS ARE MANILY PLANTED ABOVE THE DORA BALTEA RIVER: 65% IS CONSIDERED MOUNTAINS VITICULTURE, 35% HILLS VITICULTURE

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TERRACED VINEYARDS IN THE AOSTA VALLEY

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15% WHITE GRAPES 85% RED GRAPESProduction 17.800 hl/year

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TRADITIONAL ESPALIER SHAPED OLD STONE PILE SUPPORTING STRUCTURES

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ESPALIER-SHAPED AND PERGOLA VINEYARD WITH OAK STAKE/PILE

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PERGOLA TRAINING SYSTEM IN JULY

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Grape Varieties

You can find Piedmontese varieties such as Nebbiolo, Dolcetto and Moscato. Also Swiss varieties, like Petite Arvine.French cultivars such as Gamay, Chardonnay, Syrah and Pinot Noir.

And of course there are the local Val d'Aosta varieties:Petit Rouge, Fumin, Prmetta, Blanc de Morgex (which is also known as Pri Blanc)...

Focus: Nebbiolo might be called Picoutener and Pinot Grigio is known as Malvoisie

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BLANC DE MORGEX ET DE LA SALLEGREENISH IN COLOUR, AROMAS OF WHITE FLOWERS, MINERAL, HERBACEOUS NOTES, VERY DRY, LIGHT IN ALCOHOL, ACIDITY MEDIUM + PRIE` BLANC

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FUMIN VALLE AOSTAFUMINDEEP PURPLE-RUBY COLOUR, WITH VIOLET HIGHLIGHTS. FRUITY AND SLIGHTLY HERBACUS. MEDIUM BODY WITH FRESH ACIDITY

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PREMETTAALSO CALLED PRIE ROUGE IS AN AOSTAN GRAPE VARIETY, WITH A BEAUTIFUL ORANGE-CORAL TINT. IT HAS FRESH TANNINS, IDEALLY SERVED WITH FONTINA CHEESE.

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VALLE AOSTAPETIT ROUGEGAMAY LIKE GRAPE, LIGHT AND FRUITY, USED IN PRODUCTION OF RED AND ROS WINES. DRY, WITH GOOD MEDIUM+ ACIDITY, MEDIUM - TANNINS, LIGHT TO MEDIUM BODIED.PETITE ROUGE

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Minimum 70% Petite Rouge IN TORRETTE WINE BLEND. WHEN IT IS AGED IN OAK, TANNINS HELP TO REACH A FULL BODIED WINE STYLE

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CHAMBAVE MUSCATYELLOW TO GOLDEN COLOUR, AROMAS OF SAGE AND THYME, CITRUSY AND GRAPEY, PINK GRAPEFRUIT NOTES. DRY OR OFF DRY, ACIDITY MEDIUM, LIGHT BODIED

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FLETRI IS MADE WITH DRIED MUSCAT DE CHAMBAVE GRAPES, GOLD COLUR, INTENSE AROMAS OF HONEY AND JAM, SWEET AND SAPID. (DESSERT WINE)

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DONNASMade from at least 85% Picotener (Nebbiolo) 15% Freisa and Neyret.It is locally called The Mountain Barolo`s Brother

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LIGURIA

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Cinque Terre Ormeasco di PornassioCinque Terre Sciacchetr Riviera di Ligure PonenteColli di Luni Sottozona TaggiaColline di Levanto Sottozona AlbenganeseGolfo del Tigullio-Portofino Sottozona Finalese Sottozona Costa dei Fieschi Sottozona Quiliano Sottozona Riviera dei FioriRossese di DolceacquaVal Polcevera8 Doc

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35% HILLS 65% MOUNTAINS

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VITICULTURE IS VERY HARD

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VERY STEEP SLOPES

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(1) ROSSESE DI DOLCEACQUA (2) RIVIERA LIGURE DI PONENTE (3) CINQUETERRE (4) COLLI DI LUNI1234

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WEST SIDE PIEMONTE STYLE: MONO VARIETALSEAST SIDE TOSCANA STYLE: MORE GRAPES IN THE BLEND

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BOSCO, ALBAROLA, VERMENTINOSOTTOZONE: COSTA DE SERA, COSTA DE CAMPU, COSTA DE POSA

CINQUE TERRE AND SCIACCHETRA DOC

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VERMENTINOLIGHT STRAW YELLOW. NEUTRAL AROMAS (HINT OF HERBACEOUS AND WILDFLOWERS). FRESH (HINT OF ACIDOLOUS), WEAK BODIED

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PIGATOHAS THE SAME DNA AS THE VERMENTINO, BUT IS SOLELY PLANTED IN THE AREA OF IMPERIA AND SAVONA

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CINQUETERRE DOCVERMENTINO BOSCO ALBAROLA

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SCIACCHETRA` DOCVERMENTINO BOSCO ALBAROLAIS MADE LIKE A PASSITO

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COLLI DI LUNI DOC

Colli di Luni rosso, riservaColli di Luni biancoColli di Luni Vermentino, SuperioreColli di Luni Albarola.

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COLLI DI LUNI ROSSODOCMin 50% SangioveseMax 50% Others permitted

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IANCO

COLLI DI LUNI BIANCO DOCMin 35% Vermentino25-30% Trebbiano ToscanoMax 30% Others permitted

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Min 85% Abarola Min 90% Vermentino

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ROSSESE DI DOLCEACQUA DOC

Min 95% Rossese di DolceacquaMax 5% Others permittedAlso superiore

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ROSSESE DI DOLCEACQUA DOC100% Rossese

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ORMEASCO DI PORNASSIO DOC

Min 95% Dolcetto or OrmeascoMax 5% Others permittedRiserva, Superiore, Sciac-tra, Passito, Liquoroso

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ORMEASCO DI PORNASSIO DOC100% Ormeasco

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PIEMONTE

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PIEMONTE

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4 Macro Areas

1- North

2- Langhe

3- Asti

4- Monferrato

16 DOCG

42 DOC

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Erbaluce di Caluso Gattinara Ghemme Boca Bramaterra Canavese Carema Collina Torinese Colline Novaresi Colline Saluzzesi Coste della Sesia Fara Freisa di Chieri Lessona Pinerolese Sizzano Valli Ossolane ValsusaDOCG`s and DOC`s

1- NORTH

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Alta Langa Barbaresco Barolo Dogliani Dolcetto di Diano d'Alba Roero delle Langhe Alba Barbera d'Alba Dolcetto d'Alba Langhe Nebbiolo d'Alba Verduno Pelaverga

2- LANGHE

DOCG`s and DOC`s

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Asti Sottozona Canelli Sottozona Santa Vittoria d`Alba Sottozona Strevi Barbera d'Asti Sottozona Nizza Sottozona Tinella Sottozona Colli astiani Brachetto d'Acqui Ruch di Castagnole Albugnano Calosso Cisterna d'Asti Dolcetto d'Asti Freisa d'Asti Grignolino d'Asti Loazzolo Malvasia di Casorzo Malvasia di Castelnuovo Terre Alfieri

3- ASTI

DOCG`s and DOC`s

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Barbera del Monferrato Dolcetto di Ovada Gavi o Cortese di Gavi Barbera del Monferrato Colli Tortonesi Sottozona Monleale Sottozona Colline Tortonesi Sottozona Terra di Libarna Brachetto d'Acqui Dolcetto d'Acqui Dolcetto di Ovada Gabiano Grignolino del Monferrato Monferrato Rubino di Cantavenna Strevi

4- MONFERRATO

DOCG`s and DOC`s

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CONTINENTAL CLIMATEHIGH TEMPERATURE RANGEVINEYARDS ARE PREFERABLY PANTED ON THE HILL

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70% RED GRAPES30% WHITE GRAPESProcuction 3.125.000 hl/year

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NEBBIOLOLampiaMichetRos

3 sub-varieties

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NEBBIOLO

THIS VARIETY NEEDS THE BEST SUN EXPOSURES TO REACH MATURITY. IT GIVES BETTER PERFORMANCE ON CALCAREOUS SOILS. REPRESENTS ONLY 3% OF THE ITALIAN RED WINE PRODUCTION

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NEBBIOLO

LIGHT IN COLOUR (RUBY-GARNET), VERY INTENSE AROMA, FLORAL AND FRUITY HINTS AND MINERALS. MEDIUM TO FULL BODIED WINE, TANNIC AND HIGH IN ACIDITY. IT NEEDS A FEW YEARS TO SOFTEN.

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BARBERARUBY RED, BRILLIANT COLOUR. FRUITY AND FLORAL (VIOLET) ON THE NOSE. MORE FRESH THAN TANNIC, ON THE PALATE BLACK AND BLUE BERRIES

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DOLCETTORUBY RED COLOUR. MEDIUM BODIED, MODERATELY TANNIC. MAINLY FRUITY, IT HAS HINTS OF BLACK CHERRY, PLUMS AND LIQUORICE

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MOSCATO BIANCO

STRAW YELLOW WITH DIFERRENT INTENSITY. AROMATIC (WILD ROSE, ORANGE FLOWER, SAGE). IT TASTES MODERATELY FRESH, WITH A SLIGHTLY PLEASANT BITTER AFTERTASTE

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CORTESE GREENISH YELLOW TOWARDS STRAW YELLOW. MODERATELY WARM. FLORAL, HERBACEOUS, CITRUS ON THE NOSE. CRISPY AND FRESH

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LANGHE Doc

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North East Piedmont

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Barolo (Tortonian and Helvetian soil)

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TORTONIAN SOILThe soil is compact with calcareous marl: more perfumed, rounder, elegant and softer Barolos that mature quickly. La Morra is the benchmark styleHELVETIAN SOILThe soil is chalky and calcareous marl with sandstone and marl: More coloured wines, bold and structured Barolos that mature slower. Serralunga is the benchmark style

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Barolo Sub-denominations (Crus)

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NEBBIOLO THE WINE OF THE KINGS AND THE KING OF WINESPICOTENDREPICOTENERPICOULTENERSPANNA

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BAROLO DOCG100% NEBBIOLO GRAPE, SUB-VARIETIES LAMPIA, MICHET AND ROSFULL BODIED WINE, HIGH IN TANNINS, ACIDITY AND ALCOHOL.AROMAS ARE FLOWERY (VIOLETS, ROSES), FRUITY, SPICY, (BLACK PEPPER, LIQUORICE) AND OAK. TRADITIONALIST, MODERNIST OR MODERATES???

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BAROLO DOCGBECAUSE THIS WINE HAS HIGH TANNINS, BAROLO NEEDS TO BE AGED FOR QUITE SOME TIME.... 3 years (2 years in wooden casks and 1 in the bottle)5 years for a RISERVA (3 years in wooden casks and 2 in the bottle)

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BAROLO FROM BAROLO Broad, open, and youthful ,Plush and warm Velvety, supple, easy-going Feminine, yet considerable structure and concentration-Classic

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BAROLO FROM CASTIGLIONE FALLETTORich bouquet Velvety texture, ranging from medium-bodied to powerful very aromatic and very tannic Generous boldness and richness Full-bodied and concentrated

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BAROLO FROM LA MORRAPerfumed and graceful Mostly aromatic, feminine, Supple, yet seductive Easiest of all to drink young

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BAROLO FROM MONFORTE DALBABig structure An uncommon depth of flavor Big, bold, dark, and rich Greatest aging potential Most concentrated these are the firmest Barolos.

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BAROLO FROM SERRALUNGA DALBA More limestone in the soil Powerful, long-ageing.More extracted and tannic, Rich with depth and concentration. Usually the most full-bodied Barolos, Great staying power

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Bricco

del Monfalletto

113Albero in cima piantato nel 1856113

CRU

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Barbaresco (Tortonian soil)

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Barbaresco sub-denominations (Crus)

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BARBARESCO DOCG NEBBIOLO GRAPES 100%ROBUST WINES, RED GARNET COLOR. FLORAL (VIOLET), FRUITY (DARK CHERRY). SPICY, LIQUORICE AND VANILLA

118Manzo Brasato al Barolo, Risotto al casatelmagno con salsa al Barbaresco118

Barbaresco Wines from this area tend to be relatively light in colour and body., but very well structured and aromatic

Overall Production 45%

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TreisoTreiso wines tend to be the lightest bodied and are principally known for their finesse

Overall Production 20%

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NeiveThis area makes some of the most full bodied and tannic examples of Barbaresco

Overall Production 31%

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BARBARESCO DOCGBECAUSE OF THE HIGH TANNINS BARBARESCO ALSO NEEDS TO BE AGED FOR SOME TIME.... 2 years (1 year in wooden casks and 1 in the bottle)4 years for a RISERVA (2 years in wooden casks and 2 in the bottle)

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ROERO DOCG

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ROERO NEBBIOLO BLACK FRUIT, CHERRY AROMA, THE TANNINS ARE SWEET AND SPICY

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ROERO ARNEISFLORAL, FRUITY GREEN APPLE, PEACH AND A HINT OF HERBACEOUSNESS. FRESH.

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GHEMME DOCGGATTINARA DOCGFULL BODIED WINES, WITH ROUND TANNINS. SPICY, FRUITY (BRUSHWOOD), FLORAL (VIOLET).CAN AGE UP TO 15 YRS

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BRACHETTO DACQUI DOCGSPARKLINGGAVI di GAVI DOCG ALSO FIZZY AND SPARKLING

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GAVI di GAVI DOCG100% CORTESE (INDIGENOUS)STRAW YELLOW COLOUR. FRUITY, GRASSY AND FLORAL ON THE NOSE. DRY WITH A PLEASANT CITRUS ACIDITY

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BRACHETTO D`ACQUIDOCGRUBY RED COLOR, BOUQUET OF RASPBERRIES AND RED ROSE PETALS. SWEET AND EFFERVESCENT, ONLY 5,5% ALCOHOL

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FRUIT TART

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Dolcetto

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THE DOLCETTOS FAMILYDOLCETTO DALBA DOLCETTO DI DIANO DALBA DOLCETTO DASTI DOLCETTO DI DOGLIANI DOLCETTO DOVADA DOLCETTO DELLE LANGHE MONREGALESI DOLCETTO DAQUI IT HAS SOFT TANNINS, FRUITY: RED BERRIES (CHERRY AND JAMMY). VERY VERSATILE WITH FOOD.TOMATO PASTA, MEAT DISHES

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Barbera production Area

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THE BARBERAS FAMILYBARBERA DALBA BARBERA DASTI BARBERA DEL MONFERRATO BARBERA DELLE COLLINE TORTONESI DEEP RUBY WITH A PURPLE HUE, AROMAS OF CHERRY AND WILD BERRIES, SPICY . THIS GRAPE VARIETY PRODUCES WINES WITH GOOD ACIDITY AND INTERESTING LEVEL OF TANNINS. THE STYLE OF WINE MAY VARY FROM MEDIUM TO FULL BODIED

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MOSCATO D`ASTI DOCG

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MOSCATO D`ASTI SPUMANTE DOCG SWEET, SPARKLING WINE. VERY AROMATIC, GRAPEY AND FRUITY, LIGHT BODIED AND LOW IN ALCOHOL

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GRIGNOLINO D`ASTI

RUBY RED, MEDIUM INTENSITY, FRUITY (RED BERRIES) VINOUS. IT TASTES DRY AND FRESH

140Infine onore alluva pi contadina del Piemonte, IL GRIGNOLINO140

RUCHE

RUCHE - ROUCHET

INDIGENOUS GRAPEWILD BERRIES, FLORAL AROMAS. MEDIUM BODIED, MODERATELY FRESH WITH SOFT TANNINS

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ERBALUCE DI CALUSO

APPLE AROMAS, HINT OF HONEY, VERY FRESH, LIGHT BODIED WITH HIGH ACIDITY

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LOMBARDIA

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LOMBARDIA

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5 Docg

FranciacortaOltrepo Pavese Metodo ClassicoMoscato di ScanzoSforzato di Valtellina Valtellina Superiore

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Bonarda Oltrep PaveseBotticinoButtafuoco Capriano del ColleCasteggioCellaticaCurtefrancaGardaGarda Colli Mantovani

22 Doc

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CasteggioCellaticaCurtefrancaGardaColli MantovaniLambrusco MantovanoLuganaOltrep PaveseRiviera del Garda San ColombanoSangue di Giuda San Martino Terre del Colleoni ValcalepioValtellina RossoValtnesi22 Doc

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IGT Wines

Alto Mincio (Mantova)Benaco BrescianoBergamascaCollina del MilaneseMontenetto di BresciaProvincia di MantovaProvincia di PaviaQuistello (Mantova)Ronchi di BresciaRonchi VaresiniSabbioneta (Mantova)Sebino (Brescia)Terrazze Retihe di SondrioTerre Lariane (Como, Lecco)Valcamonica (Brescia)

58% BLACK GRAPE VARIETIES42% WHITE GRAPE VARIETIES

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ChardonnayTrebbianoNebbioloPinot NeroBarberaCroatinaGroppello

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Cooler climate in the NorthCLIMATIC CONDITIONS

Continental climate in the south

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CHARDONNAYFRUITY AND FLORAL, A HAZELNUT AROMA IF AGED, FRESH AND SAPID, IDEAL FOR SPARKLING WINES

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TREBBIANO DI LUGANAGREENISH STRAW YELLOW, FLORAL, SEMI AROMATIC WITH A CRISPY FRUIT TASTE

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CHIAVENNASCA INTENSE CHERRY AND CURRANT AROMAS. MEDIUM TO FULL BODIED, TANNIC AND WITH A HERBAL CHARACTER

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PINOT NEROLIGHT RED RUBY-GARNET COLOUR AROMA OF RASPBERRIES, PENCIL SHAVINGS, GRAPHITE, MEDIUM TO FULL BODIED

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GROPPELLO GENTILEDEEP RUBY RED, TYPICALLY SPICED AND FRUITY. MODERATELY TANNIC AND SAPID

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TYPICAL STONES TERRACED IN VALTELLINA

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5 - SUBAREASVALTELLINA SUPERIORE DOCGSASSELLA GRUMELLO INFERNO VALGELLA MAROGGIA

Min 90% Chiavennasca, max 10% others24 months of ageing of which 12 in bottleRISERVA 36 months of ageing

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Valtellina: Alpine cool climate, temperatureaffected by the lakes in the North

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VALTELLINASFURZAT DOCGA process done to drain most of the water out of the grapes in order to obtain a much richer and concentrated juice

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VALTELLINASFURZAT DOCGTHE WINE HAS A VERY INTENSE AROMA, SCENT OF PLUM JAM AND CHERRY JAM, SPICY. IT IS DRY, WITH SOFT AND SMOOTH TANNINS, COMPLEX AND ELEGANT AND HIGH IN ALCOHOL

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OLTREPO' PAVESEMETODO CLASSICO DOCG

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OLTREPO' PAVESEMETODO CLASSICO DOCGPINOT NERO 70%, CHARDONNAY, PINOT GRIGIO, PINOT BIANCO

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OLTREPO PAVESE DOCG

Oltrep Pavese metodo classicoOltrep Pavese metodo classico RoseMin 70% Chardonnay, Max 30% Pinot Grigio, Pinot Bianco

Oltrep Pavese metodo classico Pinot neroOltrep Pavese metodo classico Pinot nero RoseMin 85% Chardonnay, Max 15% Pinot Grigio, Pinot Bianco

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STYLES: Bianco, Rosso, Rosso Riserva, Rosato, Rosato Frizzante, Spumante, Bianco da Bianco, Superiore, Riserva, Passito, Liquoroso,

GRAPES:Riesling, Cortese, Moscato Malvasia, Sauvignon, ChardonnayBarbera, Croatina, Pinot Nero, Uva Rara, UghettaMin 85% of that grape variety

OLTREPO PAVESE DOCG

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OLTREPO PAVESE METODO CLASSICO DOCGBOTTLED FERMENTED: White, Rose and Bianco da Nero (100% PINOT NOIR)

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OLTREPO' PAVESE DOC BONARDA (croatina)RUBY RED WITH VIOLET HIHGLIGHTS. FRUITY: STRAWBERRIES, RASPBERRIES, MULBERRIES AND VINOUS. FRESH WITH MEDIUM LINGERING

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OLTREPO' PAVESERIESLING (ITALICO) DOCSTRAW YELLOW, GREENISH WHEN YOUNG. IT HAS FLORAL SCENTS, FRUITY (APPLE). IS FRESH AND MODERATELY SAPID. MEDIUM BODIED

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SWEET WATER FISHOLTREPO' PAVESERIESLING (ITALICO) DOC

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GARDA DOC CLASSICO "CHIARETTO"RIVIERA DEL GARDA

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CHIARETTO GARDA CLASSICOGROPPELLO MARZEMINO SANGIOVESECHERRY, ROSE,FRUITY AND FLORAL, FRESH AND BALANCEDLIGHT BODIED

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FRANCIACORTA DOC Franchae Curtis

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Franciacorta

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FRANCIACORTA DOCG VINEYARDS

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TERRE DI FRANCIACORTABIANCO DOC

CHARDONNAYPINOT BIANCO

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TERRE DI FRANCIACORTAROSSO DOC

CABERNET FRANCCABERNET SAUVIGNON BARBERANEBBIOLO MERLOT

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FRANCIACORTA DOCGFranciacorta Non Millesimato Chardonnay, Pinot Nero, max 50% Pinot Bianco (Min 25 months of ageing 25 of which 18 on the lees) Franciacorta Saten Chardonnay, max 50% Pinot Bianco (min 24 months of ageing, max 5 bar of pressure, only Brut version) Franciacorta Rose` Min 25% Pinot Nero, max 50% Pinot Bianco, Pinot Grigio (min 24 months of ageing) Franciacorta Millesimato Min 85% of that vintage, (min 37 months ageing of which 30 on the lees) Franciacorta Riserva Min 67 months of ageing

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FRANCIACORTA DOCGSpaghetti with clams

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MOSCATO DI SCANZO DOCG

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MOSCATO DI SCANZO DocgThis is a sweet red wine made using the highly aromatic, dark-skinned Moscato di Scanzograpes, as a passito style

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TRENTINOALTOADIGE

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TRENTINO ALTO-ADIGETRENTINOALTO ADIGE

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Alto Adige Sottozona Colli di Bolzano Sottozona Macanese Sottozona S. Maddalena Sottozona Terlano Sottozona Valle Isarco Sottozona Valle VenostaLago di CaldaroValdadigeCastellerLago di CaldaroTeroldego RotalianoTrentino Sottozona Sorni Sottozona Isera Sottozona Ziresi Sottozona Castel BesenoTrentino SuperioreTrentoValdadigeTerradeiforti11 Doc

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ALTO-ADIGE (SOUTH TIROL)

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ALTO ADIGE has a cooler climate than TRENTINO-THE GRAPES HAVE TO LIKE A COOL CLIMATE

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TYPICAL TENDONE VINEYARD IN TRENTINO

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GRAPES LIVE UNDER THE LEAVES, PROTECTED FROM SUMMER HEAVY RAINS OR HAIL STORMS

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TRENTINO DOC CHARDONNAY MLLER THURGAU NOSIOLA RIESLING ITALICO TRAMINER AROMATICO SAUVIGNON VINO SANTO (NOSIOLA) PINOT NERO CABERNET Franc & Sauvignon

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MEDIUM BODIED WINE WITH SCENTS OF APPLE AND FRESH FRUITS.HAZELNUT FLAVOUR WITH A NICE BITTER AFTERTASTE.NOSIOLA

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MARZEMINOINTENSE CHERRY AROMA, BARELY TANNIC, MODERATELY SAPID, MEDIUM BODIED

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MARZEMINOCURED MEAT

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TRENTINO PINOT NERO TRENTINO CABERNETGAME

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TEROLDEGO

MEDIUM OR FULL BODIED. VIVID RUBY RED. FRUITY AND FLORAL MODERATELY FRESH AND MODERATELY TANNIC

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TRENTINO VINO SANTO DOC

This is a sweet white wine made from NOSIOLA grapes, late harvest style, partially dried on wooden boxes called ARELE

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SPUMANTE TRENTO DOC

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TRENTO DOC Only vinified with the Metodo Classico, Traditional MethodTrento Bianco or Rosato Non Millesimato Chardonnay, Pinot Nero, Pinot Bianco , Pinot Meunier (Min ageing 15 months on the lees) Trento Bianco or Rosato Millesimato Chardonnay, Pinot Nero, Pinot Bianco , Pinot Meunier (Min ageing 24 months on the lees) Trento Bianco or Rosato Riserva Chardonnay, Pinot Nero, Pinot Bianco , Pinot Meunier (Min ageing 36 months on the lees)

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TRENTO DOC METODO CLASSICO(traditional method) CHARDONNAY PINOT NERO PINOT BIANCO PINOT MEUNIER

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ALTO ADIGE DOCMONO-VARIETAL STYLE OF WINES

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ALTO ADIGE DOC WHITE VARIETY: CHARDONNAY PINOT GRIGIO SYLVANER RIESLING ITALICO SAUVIGNON

BLACK VARIETY: SCHIAVA LAGREIN CABERNET MERLOT PINOT NERO

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TRAMINER AROMATICO

OFF DRY TO MEDIUMAROMATIC, APRICOT, EDELBERRY, LYCHEE, ROSE PETAL, SPICY. LOW IN ACIDITY, SAPID AND LONG LENGTH

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GROSSA

SCHIAVA ALTO ADIGE DOC 60% OF RED WINE PRODUCTIONGENTILEGRIGIA

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SANTA MADDALENA VINEYARDS

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LAGREINRED FRUITS, PLUM, RASPBERRY SLIGHTLY VEGETAL. FRESH TASTEKRETZER rose DUNKEL red

211

MOSCATO GIALLO (GOLDMUSKATELLER)

GOLDEN YELLOW IN COLOUR, INTENSE AND COMPLEX AROMA, WHEN ITS SWEET HAS HONEY AND DRIED FRUIT FLAVOUR

212

VENETO

213

VENETO

214

Amarone della ValpolicellaBagnoli Friularo Bardolino SuperioreProsecco Colli Asolani Colli di ConeglianoColli Euganei Fior d'Arancio Prosecco di ConeglianoProsecco di ValdobbiadeneLison PramaggioreMontello Rosso o MontelloPiave MalanotteRecioto della ValpolicellaRecioto di GambellaraRecioto di SoaveSoave Superiore

14 Dogc

215

ArcoleBagnoli di Sopra BardolinoBianco di Custoza BreganzeColli BericiColli EuganeiCorti Benedettine GambellaraGardaLessini Durello Lison-PramaggioreLuganaMerlara27 Doc

216

Montello - Colli AsolaniMonti Lessini o LessiniPiave o Vini del PiaveProseccoRiviera del BrentaSan Martino del BattagliaSoaveValdadige TerradeifortiValpolicellaValpolicella RipassoVeneziaVicenzaVigneti della Serenissima27 Doc

217

IGT Wines

Alto Livenza (Treviso)Colli Trevigiani (Treviso)Conselvano (Padova)Delle Venezie (Veneto, Trentino Alto Adige, Friuli Venezia Giulia)Marca TrevigianaVallagarina (Verona, Trento)VenetoVeneto OrientaleVerona o VeroneseVigneti delle Dolomiti (Belluno, Trento, Bolzano)

Continenetal in the hinterlandMaritime near the sea and lakes

219

GLERA USED IN PROSECCO CHARMAT METHOD, METODO MARTINOTTIMAINLY SPARKLING OR FIZZYFRUITY AND FLORAL AROMAS. PEACH, PEAR AND WHITE FLOWERSCRISPY AND LIGHT

221

SOAVE WINESWHITE FLOWERS, HERBACEOUS, ELDELBERRY. CRISPY WITH A SLIGHTLY WHITE ALMOND FLAVOUR GARGANEGA

222

CORVINA DEEP RUBY RED COLOUR, DARK CHERRIES, SPICY CHOCOLATE, HIGH TANNINS AND ACIDITY,FULL BODIED WINES

223

MERLOT RUBY RED MEDIUM TO DEEP INTENSITY. FRUITY, PLUMS, HERBACEOUS, VINOUS.MODERATELY TO VERY TANNIC,

224

BARDOLINO SUPERIORE DOCG

225

BARDOLINO SUPERIORE DOCG

Corvina veronese35 - 80%;Corvinone20%Rondinella10 40%Molinara 15% MAXSIGHT: RUBYRASPBERRY, RED CURRANT MODERATELY TANNIC, BITTERNESS ON THE AFTERTASTE, LOW IN ALCOHOL

226

BARDOLINO CHIARETTO DOC

Corvina RondinellaMolinaraSIGHT: RUBYRASPBERRY, RED CURRANT, MEDIUM ACIDITY,LOW IN ALCOHOL.LIGHT BODIED, GOOD AS APERITIF

227

SOAVE

228

SOAVE DOC and DOCG

229

230

SOAVE SUPERIORE DOCGGRAPES VARIETIES: GARGANEGA 70% (ACIDITY AND BODY)PINOT BIANCO, CHARDONNNAY, TREBBIANO DI SOAVE (FINESSE)

231

SOAVE SUPERIORE DOCGSIGHT: STRAW YELLOWSMELL: FRUITY: APPLE, PINEAPPLETASTE: FRESH, SAPID, LIGHT ALMOND FLAVOUR ON THE AFTERTASTE

232

SOAVE SUPERIORESOAVE SUPERIORE RISERVA (AGED 24 MONTHS)SOAVE SUPERIORE CLASSICOSOAVE SUPERIORE CLASSICO RISERVATHE OLDEST GROWING AREA

233

234

RECIOTO DI SOAVE, MADE WITH THE recie

Recia = ear

235

RECIOTO DI SOAVE DOCG

Garganega 70%;ChardonnayPinot biancoTrebbiano di Soave: RUBYThe grapes are left to dry in dryng rooms called fruttaio.It is a sweet white wine, with hints of yellow flowers, white chocolate, nuts, honey, medium acidity

236

FRUTTAIO

237

238

THE PROSECCO AREA

239

240

PROSECCO

Min 85% Glera, Max 15% Verdisio, Bianchetta Trevigiana, Perera, Glera LungaSTYLE BY VINIFICATION: Spumante, Frizzante, FermoProsecco Doc Prosecco dei Colli Asolani Doc Prosecco di Treviso Doc Prosecco di Conegliano Docg Prosecco di Valdobbiadene Docg Prosecco di Valdobbiadene Superiore Cartizze DocgAll can be Superiore...

241

PROSECCO * DOCGSIGHT: GREENISH YELLOW, FINE BUBBLESSMELL: FRUITY (WHITE PEACH, PEAR, APPLE), WITHE FLOWERS, HINT HERBACEOUSNESS.TASTE: CRISPY, WEAK TO MEDIUM BODIED, MEDIUM LENGHT

242

Prosecco di Valdobbiane Superiore Cartizze DOCG

243

CARTIZZE HILLS, 110 HA.

244

245

GAMBELLARA

246

RECIOTO DI GAMBELLARA CLASSICO DOCG

Garganega 100%;The grapes are left to dry in dryng rooms called Picai It is a sweet white wine, with hints of yellow flowers, vanilla, nuts, honey.Medium acidity, long length

247

PICAI

248

BRASADELO

249

VALPOLICELLA

250

ZONA CLASSICOZONA ALLARGATO

251

VALPOLICELLA

252

VALPOLICELLA from the latin word VAL-POLIS-CELLAE Meaning: The valley of many cellars in the Roman times.. It looks like a fist with its knuckles

253

VALPOLICELLA CORVINA, RONDINELLA, MOLINARA

254

CORVINA

255

RONDINELLA

256

MOLINARA

257

VALPOLICELLA Doc is the basic wine, it is vinified as traditional wine, it can have in addition to the traditional grapes other varieties indigenous or not.Is the lightest style in Valpolicella and can be also served sligthly chilled

258

AMARONE DELLA VALPOLICELLA Docg is the fullest bodied made from the traditional grapes which are partially dried, then vinified and then aged in oak. It is always high in alcohol and is very aromatic and concentrated in aromas.

259

RECIOTO DELLA VALPOLICELLA Docg is an Amarone up to the point of fermentation stage where it has stopped the transformation of all sugars in the alcohol, obtaining a sweet wine, this was the original style of Valpolicella.

260

RIPASSO VALPOLICELLA Doc is a Valpolicella basic wine that has gone trough second fermentation with the left over pomaces of Amarone and or Recioto wines, in this way the wine results enhanced in flavours but not much more alcohol

261

AMARONE DELLA VALPOLICELLA DOCGTHE GRAPES: CORVINA 40-70% RONDINELLA 20-40% MOLINARA 5-25%

262

PIAVE

263

RABOSOdel PIAVERABOSOVERONESE

DEEP IN COLOUR. HARSH, TANNIC, FRUITY (CHERRY), HINT OF BITTERNESS IN THE AFTER TASTE

264

FRIULI VENEZIAGIULIA

265

FRIULI VENEZIA GIULIAFRIULI VENEZIA GIULIA

266

Colli Orientali del Friuli Picolit Sottozona Cialla

RamandoloRosazzo

Lison4 Docg

267

Carso Colli Orientali del Friuli Sottozona Cialla Sottozona Cialla di Rosazzo Sottozona di Rosazzo Schioppettino di Prepotto Sottozona di FaedisCollio Goriziano o CollioFriuli AnniaFriuli AquileiaFriuli GraveFriuli Isonzo o Isonzo del FriuliFriuli LatisanaLison-PramaggioreProsecco

10 Doc

268

IGT Wines

Alto Livenza (Pordenone Treviso)Delle Venezie (Friuli Venezia Giulia, Trentino Alto adige, Veneto)Venezia Giulia (Friuli Venezia Giulia)

270

MARITIME CLIMATEALPINE CLIMATE

271

65% VINEYARDS IN PLANE 35% HILLSIDE

272

FRIULANOSTRAW YELLOW, GREENISH RIM. ALMOND AND HAY SCENTSFRESH, MODERATELY SAPID, BITTERISH AFTERTASTE

274

GOLDEN YELLOW, FRAGRANT, FRUITY WITH APPLE SCENT AND FLAVOUROK FOR DRIED GRAPES WINESVERDUZZO FRIULANO

275

OVERRIPENED TO PRODUCE SWEET WINEGOLDEN YELLOW. AROMAS OF HONEY, SPICY, APRICOT, SWEET

PICOLIT

276

LIGHT STRAW YELLOW. FRUITY WITH INTENSE PEAR SCENT. FRESH AN SAPID, WITH SAGE FLAVOUR I THE FINALVITOVSKA

277

STRAW YELLOW. FLORAL AND FRUITY.FRESH, FULL BODIED, MODERATELY WARMRIBOLLA GIALLA

278

GREENISH YELLOW. AROMATIC AND FRUITY, MODERATELY SAPID AND MODERATELY FRESH, LONG LENGTHMALVASIA ISTRIANA

279

RED GARNET WITH VIOLET HIGHLIGHTS. INTENSE AROMAS OF BLACKBERRY. FULLBODIED, SAPID, MODERATELY TANNIC, BITTER AFTERTASTEREFOSCO DAL PEDUNCOLO ROSSO

280

RUBY RED WITH VIOLET HIGHLIGHTS. FRUITY, MODERATELY TANNIC AND FRESH TERRANO

281

VIVID RUBY RED, FRUITY, VINOUS. FRESH AND VERY TANNICTAZZELENGHE

282

LIGHT RUBY RED. RED FRUITS AROMAS. FRESH AND MEDIUM BODIED. TO DRINK YOUNGPIGNOLO

283

VERDUZZO RAMANDOLO DOCG VINEYARDS

284

RAMANDOLO DOCGGRAPE: VERDUZZO FRIULANOSIGHT: GOLDEN YELLOWNOSE: FRUITY (PEACH), HONEY, FADED YELLOW FLOWERSPALATE: SWEET AND SAPID, VERY PERSISTENT

285

PICOLIT Cof DOCG DEEP GOLDEN YELLOW AROMAS OF HONEY, APRICOT, SPICY, YELLOW FLESHED FRUIT, SWEET, WARM, SAPID, BROTRYTIS EFFECTED, LONG AFTERTASTE

286

FRIULI ANNIA FRIULI AQUILEIA FRIULI LATISANA FRIULI GRAVE FRIULI ISONZO COLLIO GORIZIANO COLLI ORIENTALI FRIULI CARSO LISON PRAMAGGIORE DOC

287

FRIULI GRAVE

288

Friuli Grave This area, going up to the alpine arch, has been formed over thousands of years with deposits of dolomitic limestone material coming down the valleys with flooding. The land is characterized by an ample stony surface which increases the temperature range between day and night. This aspect promotes the cultivation of particularly aromatic grapes and perfumed and elegant wines. The white grape wines are fresh, fruity and elegant; the reds are balanced and perfumed when young, full and structured when aged.

289

FRIULI GRAVE DOCChardonnay, Pinot bianco, Pinot grigio, Riesling, Sauvignon, Friulano, Traminer aromatico, Verduzzo friulanoGrave Bianco Any of the white grape varietie exept Traminer aromatico Grave grape variety (also Superiore) Min 95% of that grape varietyGrave Spumante Grave Spumante Superiore Grave Frizzante Grave Frizzante Puperiore

290

Cabernet Franc, Cabernet Sauvignon, Merlot, Pinot Nero, Refosco dal peduncolo rossoGrave Rosso Grave Rosato Grave grape variety (also Superiore) If Riserva Min ageing 2 yearsGrave Spumante Grave Spumante Superiore Grave Frizzante Grave Frizzante Puperiore

FRIULI GRAVE DOC

291

FRIULI ANNIA

292

Friuli Annia The Doc Friuli Annia zone has recently been established, but the wine tradition of this area has very antique origins. The area crosses the ancient Annia way and is characterized in the most southern part by the Marano Lagoon from which it receives the benefits of the ventilated lagoon climate and it produces lively and flavoursome white wines.

293

FRIULI ANNIA DOCFriulano, Pinot bianco, Pinot grigio, Verduzzo friulano, Traminer aromatico, Sauvignon, Chardonnay, Malvasia istrianaAnnia Bianco Any of the white grape varietie exept Traminer Annia grape variety (also Superiore) Min 90% of that grape varietyAnnia Spumante Annia Spumante Superiore Annia Frizzante Annia Frizzante Puperiore

294

FRIULI ANNIA DOCMerlot, Cabernet franc, Cabernet Sauvignon, Refosco dal peduncolo rosso Annia Bianco Any of the white grape varietie exept Traminer Annia grape variety (also Superiore) Min 95% of that grape varietyAnnia Spumante Annia Spumante Superiore Annia Frizzante Annia Frizzante Puperiore

295

FRIULI AQUILEIA

296

Friuli Aquileia The climate benefits from its proximity to the sea: in the summer there is always a breeze and so it is less humid and in the winter it is milder with temperatures that very rarely go below zero. The soils are mainly clay, originating from floods and rich in minerals. The wines are excellent and particularly fragrant.

297

FRIULI AQUILEIA DOCFriulano, Pinot bianco, Pinot grigio, Verduzzo friulano, Traminer aromatico, Sauvignon, Chardonnay, Malvasia istriana, Mueller Thurgau, Riesling renanoAquileia Bianco Min 50% Friulano, max 50% Others permitted Aquileia grape variety (also Superiore) Min 90% of that grape varietyAquileia Spumante Aquileia Spumante Superiore Aquileia Frizzante Aquileia Frizzante Puperiore

298

FRIULI AQUILEIA DOCMerlot, Cabernet franc, Cabernet Sauvignon, Refosco dal peduncolo rosso Aquileia Rosso Min 50% Refosco dal peduncolo rosso, max 50% Others permitted Aquileia grape variety (also Superiore) Min 90% of that grape varietyAquileia Spumante Aquileia Spumante Superiore Aquileia Frizzante Aquileia Frizzante Puperiore

299

FRIULI LATISANA

300

Friuli LatisanaThe Soil is mainly made up of clayey soils, difficult to work, but rich in minerals which makes the wines unmistakable. The proximity to the sea means beneficial currents of warm, brackish air, making the production of an excellent and particularly fragrant wine possible. They should be drunk as a young wine to fully appreciate the fragrance. The red wines are a great bright red colour, round-bodied, with tastes of bouquet characteristics which also allow for ageing.

301

FRIULI LATISANA DOCPinot bianco, Pinot grigio, Friulano, Verduzzo friulano, Traminer aromatico,Sauvignon, Chardonnay, Malvasia istriana, Riesling renano Latisana Bianco (also Superiore) Latisana Passito Bianco Min 60% Friulano, max 30% Chardonnay, Pinot Bianco, max 10% others Latisana grape variety (also Superiore) Min 85% of that grape varietyLatisana Spumante Latisana Spumante Superiore Latisana Frizzante Latisana Frizzante Puperiore

302

FRIULI LATISANA DOCMerlot, Cabernet franc, Cabernet Sauvignon, Refosco dal peduncolo rosso, Carmenere, Franconia, Pinot nero Latisana Rosso (also Superiore) Latisana Passito Bianco Min 60% Merlot, max 30% Cabernets, Carmenere, max 10% others Latisana grape variety (also Superiore) Min 85% of that grape varietyLatisana Spumante Latisana Spumante Superiore Latisana Frizzante Latisana Frizzante Puperiore

303

FRIULI ISONZO

304

Friuli IsonzoThe territory is separated by the waters of the Isonzo river, on the left can be characterized by its slightly calcareous soils, rich in clays marbled with red gravel, while on the right it is more calcareous thanks to the presence of white gravel. The temperature is excellent thanks to the thermo-regulative action of the sea and the mountains which enclose the plain and hinder the penetration of wind from the north. The area is suited to the production of both red and white grapes, which give structure and colour to the red wines, intense and velvety, and an elegant and harmonious fragrance to the whites.

305

FRIULI ISONZO DOCChardonnay, Malvasia istriana, Moscato giallo, Pinot bianco, Pinot grigio, Riesling renano, Riesling italico, Sauvignon, Friulano, Traminer aromatic, Verduzzo friulano Isonzo Bianco (also Superiore) Isonzo Vendemmia Tardiva All above grape varieties exept Moscato giallo Isonzo grape variety (also Superiore) Min 85% of that grape variety Isonzo Spumante Isonzo Spumante Superiore Isonzo Frizzante Isonzo Frizzante Puperiore

306

FRIULI ISONZO DOCCabernet franc, Cabernet sauvignon, Franconia, Merlot, Moscato rosa, Pignolo, Pinot nero, Refosco dal peduncolo rosso, SchioppettinoIsonzo Rosso (also Superiore) All above grape varieties exept Moscato giallo Isonzo grape variety (also Superiore) Min 85% of that grape variety Isonzo Spumante Isonzo Spumante Superiore Isonzo Frizzante Isonzo Frizzante Puperiore

307

COLLIO GORIZIANO

308

Collio Goriziano The proximity to the Giulia Pre-Alps leads to shelter from the northern winds and the propinquity to the Adriatic coast promotes the persistence of a moderate and mild micro climate. The soils are made up of marls and sandstone. These rock formations easily break up under the action of atmospheric agents, creating a soil which, over the seasons, turns into an ideal substratum for viticulture. Ventilation is constant and abundant rain is well distributed over the year which guarantees the ideal water supply even in the hottest periods. Moreover, the hill conformation of the area leads to temperature changes between day and night.

309

COLLIO GORIZIANO DOCChardonnay, Malvasia istriana, Muller Thurgau, Picolit, Pinot bianco, Pinot grigio, Ribolla gialla, Riesling renano, Riesling italic, Sauvignon, Friulano, Traminer aromatic Collio Goriziano Bianco Min 85% Chardonnay, Malvasia istriana, Pinot bianco, Picolit, Pinot grigio, Riesling italic, Sauvignon, Friulano, max. 15% Mller Thurgau, TraminerCollio Goriziano grape variety Min 85% of that grape varietyIf Riserva Min ageing 2 years

310

COLLIO GORIZIANO DOCMerlot, Cabernet Sauvignon, Cabernet Franc, pinot NeroCollio Goriziano Rosso Merlot, Cabernet Sauvignon, Cabernet Franc, pinot NeroCollio Goriziano grape variety Min 85% of that grape varietyIf Riserva Min ageing 2 years

311

COLLI ORIENTALI DEL FRIULI

312

Colli Orientali del FriuliThe soils have alternating layers of marl (limestone clays) and sandstones (calcified sands). They are extraordinarily suitable for viticulture thanks to their position and composition. The climate boasts shelter from the Alps behind and constant ventilation from the Adriatic sea. The area enjoys infinite micro-climates, more humid and fresh to the north near to the mountains and milder and drier towards the south. The autoctonous vines boast thousands of years of tradition and the discipline of production of the Colli Orientali del Friuli counts the greatest number of autoctonous vines in Italy.

313

COLLI ORIENTALI DEL FRIULI DOC Chardonnay, Malvasia istriana, Pinot Bianco, Pinot Grigio, Ribolla Gialla, Riesling Renano, Sauvignon, Friulano, Verduzzo Friulano, Traminer AromaticoColli Orientali del Friuli Bianco Any of the above grape varietiesColli Orientali del Friuli grape variety Min 85% of that grape varietyIf Riserva min ageing 2 years

314

COLLI ORIENTALI DEL FRIULI DOC Cabernet Franc, Cabernet Sauvignon, Merlot, Pignolo, Pinot nero, Refosco dal Peduncolo rosso, Refosco nostrano, Schioppettino, Tazzelenghe Colli Orientali del Friuli Rosso Any of the above grape varietiesColli Orientali del Friuli grape variety Min 85% of that grape varietyIf Riserva min ageing 2 years

315

COLLI ORIENTALI DEL FRIULI DOC Cof sottozona Cialla (white and red)

Cof sottozona Ribolla Gialla di Rosazzo

Cof sottozona Pignolo di RosazzoCof sottozona Schioppettino di PrepottoCof sottozona Refosco di Faedis

316

COLLI ORIENTALI DEL FRIULI DOCG Colli Orientali del Friuli Picolit DOCG Min 85% Picolit, Max 15% Otheres permittedColli Orientali del Friuli Picolit Sottozona Cialla DOCG 100% Picolit (PASSITO) RISERVA min ageing 4yearsRamandolo DOCG 100% Verduzzo friulano, GialloRosazzo DOCG Min. 50% Friulano, 20-30% Sauvignon, 20-30% Pinot bianco, Chardonnay, max. 10% Ribolla gialla

317

FRIULI CARSO

318

CarsoThe climate is characterized by mostly continental influences, mitigated by the Mediterranean influences which come from the coast. In summer, the marine breezes are constant and in the winter the plateau is hit with the cold Bora wind. The fine grapes make wines with a strong personality and slightly fruity, aromatic white wines.

319

CARSO DOC Chardonnay, Glera, Malvasia I., Sauvignon, Pinot Grigio, Traminer, Vitovska, Carso Bianco All above grape varieties Carso grape variety Min 85% of that grape varietyTerrano, Cabernet franc, Cabernet sauvignon, Merlot, Refosco dal peduncolo rossoCarso Rosso Min 70% Terrano, max 30% others permitted Carso grape variety Min 85% of that grape variety

320

LISON PRAMAGGIORE

321

Lison PramaggioreThe territory is prevalently flat, with glacial and flood soils, the Tagliamento river has had a decisive role in the conformation of the territory. The rich composition of the soil and the mild climate are at the root of the production of the fine wines of this zone. The soils are rich in calcium and produce fine wines, rich in aromatic substance. This area is blessed with a temperate climate, this characteristic is due to the latitude as well as the proximity to the sea, the flat plains and the consequent exposure to the winds.

322

LISON PRAMAGGIORE DOC Tai, Chardonnay, Pinot grigio, Sauvignon, Verduzzo friulano, Verduzzo trevigiano Lison Pramaggiore Bianco 50-70% Tai, max 50% Others permitted Lison Pramaggiore Spumante Chardonnay, Pinot Bianco, Pinot Nero Lison Pramaggiore grape variety (also Passito) Min 85% of that grape variety Lison Pramaggiore Verduzzo Passito min ageing 18 months Lison - Lison Classico DOCG Min 85% Tai, max 15% Non aromatic grape varieties

323

LISON PRAMAGGIORE DOC Merlot, Malbech, Cabernet franc, Cabernet Sauvignon, Carmenre,Refosco dal peduncolo rosso Lison Pramaggiore Rosso 50-70% Merlot, max 50% Others permittedLison Pramaggiore grape variety Min 85% of that grape variety If Riserva min ageing 2 yearsLison Pramaggiore Refosco Passito min ageing 18 months

324