islamic feminism and beyond the new frontier

8/2/2019 Islamic Feminism and Beyond the New Frontier

1/17

CFLLAI IHZ\ P^KM^HC KJJHZFKGHA PHPI^ ZI^FIZ EHAA >080

8

CFLLAI IHZ\

P^KM^HC

Fzahcfj Eicfgfzc hgl Nivkgl2

\di Gi} E~kg|fi~

EHAA>080

KJJHZFKGHA PHPI^ ZI^FIZ

Fg|~klyj|fkgDhaid Izehglfh~f! Lf~ij|k~! Cfllai Ihz| P~km~hc

Ch~mk| Nhl~hg! Zigfk~ Zjdkah~!

]kkl~k} ]fazkg Jig|i~

Fg |di phz| |}k#payz lijhliz fg Cyzafc#

chbk~f|v jkyg|~fiz |di imhaf|h~fhg h~mycig|z

k Fzahcfj icfgfzc dhui niig cknfafril fg

ik~|z |k hjdfiui ~ik~c k hcfav ah}z |dh|

h~i ~iafmfkyzav ~hcil hgl hazk fg p~iuig|fgm

h ~kaafgm#nhjo k ixyha ~fmd|z fg zkjfi|v hz

jkgzi~uh|fui ph|~fh~jdha k~jiz |~v |k fcpkzi

|dif~ k}g ui~zfkg k Fzahc' Vi|! Fzahcfj

icfgfzc hakgi dhz gk| niig zyfjfig| fg

hjdfiufgm jdhgmi' Zijyah~ icfgfzc }f|d f|z

}in k cya|fpai lfzjky~ziz}dfjd p~ijilil

Fzahcfj icfgfzc fg Cyzafc zkjfi|fiz nv chgv

lijhlizdhz pahvil hg ixyhaav j~yjfha ~kai fg

~ik~cfz| ik~|z' îjig|av! |di~i fz iufligji

k m~k}fgm flig|f|v pkaf|fjz jkggij|il }f|d

Fzahcfj icfgfzc |dh| fz |~kynafgm fg ~iafmfkyzavjkcpait zkjfi|fiz' \di~i fz hazk hg fglfjh|fkg

cihg}dfai! k m~huf|h|fkg |k}h~l }dh| cfmd

ni jhaail h gi} zijyah~ icfgfzc }ihufgm

|kmi|di~ jkg|icpk~h~v p~km~izzfui Fzahcfj

migli~ |dfgofgm hgl p~km~izzfui ygfui~zhafz|

lfzjky~ziz hgl lfzpahvfgm |di fgjayzfuf|v

~ixyf~il fg pay~hafz|fj iguf~kgcig|z'

]f|d |di hfc |k ithcfgi |di jkg|~fny|fkg

hgl jkgygl~ycz k Fzahcfj icfgfzc hgl }dh|

afiz nivkgl hz hj|fufz|z fg ckli~g zkjfi|fiz

m~hppai }f|d! k~ zfli#z|ip! fzzyiz k fgjayzfuf|v

hgl ixyhaf|v k haa jf|frigz hj~kzz ~iafmfkyz hgl

migli~ afgiz! |di Cfllai Ihz| P~km~hc h| |di

]kkl~k} ]fazkg Fg|i~gh|fkgha Jig|i~ k

Zjdkah~z jkguigil h jkgi~igji kg Bygi 89

>080 kg Fzahcfj Eicfgfzc hgl Nivkgl

\di Gi} E~kg|fi~2 Fgjayzfuf|v hgl Ixyhaf|v fg

Ehcfav hgl Zkjfi|v' \di jkgi~igji n~kymd|

Fg|~klyj|fkg8

Eicfgfz| Hj|fufzc ek~ Jdhgmi

fg Ehcfav Ah}z hgl P~hj|fjiz2

Aizzkgz e~kc |di Imvp|fhg Phz|

ek~ |di Maknha P~izig|5

îjig| Hciglcig|z fg |di

\y~ofzd Jfufa hgl J~fcfgha

Jkliz hgl |di ^kai ke

Eicfgfz| GMKz80

]kcig hgl |di Pkaf|fjz ke

îek~c fg Ck~kjjk89

Nivkgl Fzahcfj Eicfgfzc2]kcig hgl îp~izig|h|fkg

fg F~hgz Lickj~hjv

Ckuicig| 84

\di Pi~zkgha Z|h|yz Jkli

hgl ]kcigz Jiafnhjv

fg \ygfzfh>:

Hghavrfgm îek~c

Zyjjizziz hgl Ehfay~iz2\di Pi~zkgha Z|h|yz îmfci

fg |di H~hn ]k~al>4


2/17

LLAI IHZ\ P^KM^HC KJJHZFKGHA PHPI^ ZI^FIZ EHAA >080

|kmi|di~ zjdkah~z fguf|il ~kc lfui~zi lfzjfpafgiz

hgl nhjom~kyglz }dk ki~il }fglk}z fg|k

phz| hgl kgmkfgm icfgfz| ik~|z |k hjdfiui

ixyhaf|v fg jkcpait zi||fgmz }di~i |di zijyah~

hgl ~iafmfkyz nk|d fg|i~zij| hgl lfui~mi hz |div

h~i jkg|fgyhaav nifgm ~igimk|fh|il'

Ch~mk| Nhl~hg! fg Eicfgfz| Hj|fufzc k~

Jdhgmi fg Ehcfav Ah}z hgl P~hj|fjiz2 Aizzkgz

~kc |di Imvp|fhg Phz| k~ |di Maknha P~izig|!

~iaij|z kg hj|fufz| jhcphfmgz |k ~ik~c

~iafmfkyzav#nhjoil hcfav ah}z fg Cyzafc#

chbk~f|v zkjfi|fiz! ithcfgfgm |di icfgfz|

|~hbij|k~v ~kc zijyah~ icfgfzc |dh| ici~mil

ih~av fg |di |}ig|fi|d jig|y~v! kaak}il nv

Fzahcfj icfgfzc |dh| zy~hjil |k}h~l |di igl

k |di |}ig|fi|d jig|y~v! |k }dh| zdi ziiz hz h

gi} zijyah~ icfgfzc fg |di chofgm' Ici~mig|

zijyah~ icfgfzc fg Cyzafc#chbk~f|v jkyg|~fiz

}hz j~ih|il nv Cyzafc hgl gkg#Cyzafc

}kcig hz jkcph|~fk|z hgl }hz fg|igziav akjha k~

gh|fkg#nhzil! }dfai Fzahcfj icfgfzc zy~hjil

fg |di k~c k h lfzjky~zi |dh| }hz j~ih|il nv

Cyzafcz ny| }dfjd chgv gkg#Cyzafc hj|fufz|z

kygl fcpk~|hg| fg hluhgjfgm |di jhyzi k

ixyhaf|v' ^ijig|av! hz Fzahcfj icfgfzc ckuiz

~kc |di z|hmi k lfzjky~zi iahnk~h|fkg |k

|di zkjfha ckuicig| z|hmi! chgfiz|h|fkgz k

itjayzfuf|v fg lf~ij|fgm hj|fufz| ik~|z h| |di

akjha aiuia h~i fgj~ihzfgm' Cyzafcz hgl gkg#

Cyzafcz afufgm |kmi|di~ fg zkjfi|fiz k~li~il

nv zijyah~ jkgz|f|y|fkgz myh~hg|iifgm |di

ixyhaf|v k haa jf|frigz! zyjd hz Imvp| hgl k|di~

jkyg|~fiz k |di H~hn ihz| Cilf|i~~hgihg! hgl

fg hcfafiz k~li~il nv ~iafmfkyzav#nhjoil ah}z

|dh| ypdkal ph|~fh~jdha z|~yj|y~iz hgl digjimigli~ fgixyhaf|v! hakgm }f|d |di hj| |dh|

fgj~ihzfgm gycni~z k hcfafiz h~i ~iafmfkyzav

cftil! p~izig| jdhaaigmiz |k icfgfz| hj|fufz|z'

Zijyah~ icfgfz|z dhui ha}hvz niig ~iafmfkyzav

fgjayzfui fg lijflfgm |dif~ p~fk~f|fiz! ~yggfgm

|dif~ ckuicig|z! hgl hjjkccklh|fgm ~iafmfkyz

lfi~igji' Gk} }i zii Fzahcfj icfgfzc

nijkcfgm fgj~ihzfgmav itjayzfufz| }dfjd lkiz

gk| zf| }iaa fg akjha jkg|it|z }di~i jf|frigz k

lfi~ig| ~iafmfkgz giil |k }k~o |kmi|di~ hgl

li|i~cfgi k~ |dicziauiz dk} lk liha }f|d

fgixyhaf|fiz fg |di hcfav pi~pi|yh|il |d~kymd

gh|fkgha ah}z hgl akjha p~hj|fjiz' Nhl~hg zymmiz|z

|dh| |di pfkgii~fgm zijyah~ icfgfz| hj|fufzc

fg |}ig|fi|d jig|y~v Imvp| dhz fcpk~|hg|

aizzkgz |k ki~' F|z jkaaij|fui jhcphfmgfgm

}hz k~mhgfril nv jf|frigz k lfi~ig| ~iafmfkgz

}dk ch~zdhail h jkcnfgh|fkg k zijyah~ hgl

~iafmfkyz h~mycig|h|fkg' Zijyah~ icfgfz|z kg

|dif~ gh|fkgha |i~~hfg nyfa| ckuicig|z ~kc

|di m~kygl yp hgl li|i~cfgil k~ |dicziauiz

|dif~ p~fk~f|fiz hgl z|~h|imfiz' Hz maknha

Fzahcfj icfgfzc mkiz akjha f| kpi~h|iz }f|dfg

jkccygha jkg|it|z }f|d }k~~vfgm lfufzfui

fcpafjh|fkgz' Gh|fkg#nhzil zijyah~ icfgfzcz!

zyjd hz Imvp|z! }i~i ziig nv |dif~ zyppk~|i~z

hz fglfmigkyzici~mfgm ~kc }f|dfg k~

dkcim~k}g' \dfz ygli~z|hglfgm dhz mfuig }hv|k hzzi~|fkgz nv zkci icfgfz| Cyzafcz |dh| }f|d

Fzahcfj icfgfzc hg fglfmigkyz icfgfzc dhz

fghaav niig j~ih|il' Fg|i~iz|fgmav! h icfgfzc

|dh| fz gk| hgjdk~il fg akjha |i~~hfg ny| |dh|

jkhaizjil fg maknha zphji hgl |dh| fz lifgil fg

zkaiav ~iafmfkyz |i~cz nijkciz |di lifgf|fkg k

fglfmigkyz'

Hnky| |di Cfllai Ihz| P~km~hc

\di Cfllai Ihz| P~km~hc }hz ahygjdil fg Ein~yh~v 8664 fg afmd| ke fgj~ihzilY'Z' igmhmicig| fg |di ~imfkg hgl |di p~kekygl jdhgmiz z}iipfgm hj~kzz chgvCfllai Ihz|i~g z|h|iz' Fg hllf|fkg |k zpk|afmd|fgm lhv#|k#lhv fzzyiz! |di P~km~hcjkgjig|~h|iz kg akgm#|i~c ijkgkcfj! zkjfha! hgl pkaf|fjha liuiakpcig|z! hz }iaa hz~iah|fkgz }f|d |di Ygf|il Z|h|iz'

\di Cfllai Ihz| P~km~hc l~h}z kg lkciz|fj hgl ek~ifmg ~imfkgha itpi~|z ek~ f|zcii|fgmz! jkgei~igjiz! hgl kjjhzfkgha phpi~z' Jkgei~igjiz hgl cii|fgmz hzzizz|di pkafjv fcpafjh|fkgz ke haa hzpij|z ke liuiakpcig|z }f|dfg |di ~imfkg hgl fglf#uflyha z|h|iz? |di Cfllai Ihz|z ~kai fg |di fg|i~gh|fkgha h~igh? Hci~fjhg fg|i~iz|zfg |di ~imfkg? |di |d~ih| ke |i~~k~fzc? h~cz p~kafei~h|fkg? hgl z|~h|imfj |d~ih|z |k hgle~kc |di ~imfkgha z|h|iz'

\di P~km~hc phvz zpijfha h||ig|fkg |k |di ~kai ke }kcig! vky|d! jfufa zkjfi|v fgz|f#|y|fkgz! Fzahc! hgl lickj~h|fj hgl hy|kj~h|fj |igligjfiz' Fg hllf|fkg! |di CfllaiIhz| P~km~hc dkz|z cii|fgmz kg jya|y~ha fzzyiz! fgjaylfgm jkg|icpk~h~v h~| hglaf|i~h|y~i fg |di ~imfkg'

Migli~ Fzzyiz2 \di Cfllai Ihz| P~km~hc liuk|iz jkgzfli~hnai h||ig|fkg |k |di~kai ke }kcig fg hluhgjfgm jfufa zkjfi|v hgl |k |di h||f|yliz ke mkui~gcig|z hgl|di jai~fjha jkccygf|v |k}h~l }kcigz ~fmd|z fg |di ehcfav hgl zkjfi|v h| ah~mi'\di P~km~hc ithcfgiz icpakvcig| ph||i~gz! ilyjh|fkg! aimha ~fmd|z! hgl pkaf|fjhaph~|fjfph|fkg ke }kcig fg |di ~imfkg' \di P~km~hc hazk dhz h oiig fg|i~iz| fgitpak~fgm }kcigz fgj~ihzfgm ~kaiz fg jkgeafj| p~iuig|fkg hgl pkz|#jkgeafj| ~ijkg#z|~yj|fkg hj|fuf|fiz'

Jy~~ig| Heehf~z2 \di Cfllai Ihz| P~km~hc icpdhzfriz hghavzfz ke jy~~ig|fzzyiz hgl |dif~ fcpafjh|fkgz ek~ akgm#|i~c liuiakpcig|z fg |di ~imfkg! fgjaylfgm2Phaiz|fgfhg#Fz~hiaf lfpakchjv! F~hgz pkaf|fjha hgl gyjaih~ hcnf|fkgz! |di p~izigji keHci~fjhg |~kkpz fg F~hx! Hemdhgfz|hg! hgl |di Pi~zfhg Myae hgl |dif~ ieeij| kg |di~imfkg! dychg ~fmd|z ufkah|fkgz! maknhafrh|fkg! ijkgkcfj hgl pkaf|fjha ph~|gi~zdfpz!hgl Y'Z' ek~ifmg pkafjv fg |di ~imfkg'

Fzahc! Lickj~hjv hgl Jfufa Zkjfi|v2 \di Cfllai Ihz| P~km~hc ckgf|k~z |dim~k}fgm lichgl ke pikpai fg |di ~imfkg ek~ lickj~h|frh|fkg! pkaf|fjha ph~|fjfph|fkg!hjjkyg|hnai mkui~gcig|! |di ~yai ke ah}! hgl hldi~igji nv |dif~ mkui~gcig|z |kfg|i~gh|fkgha jkguig|fkgz! dychg ~fmd|z hgl }kcigz ~fmd|z' F| jkg|fgyiz |k ithcfgi|di ~kai ke Fzahcfj ckuicig|z fg zdhpfgm pkaf|fjha hgl zkjfha liuiakpcig|z hgl |di

uh~fi|v ke ehj|k~z |dh| ehuk~ k~ knz|~yj| |di itphgzfkg ke jfufa zkjfi|v'

\di ekaak}fgm phpi~z h~i nhzil kg |di hy|dk~z p~izig|h|fkgz h| |di]kkl~k} ]fazkg Fg|i~gh|fk gha Ji g|i~ ek~ Zjdkah~z kg Bygi 89! >080'\di kpfgfkgz itp~izzil di~ifg h~i |dkzi ke |di hy|dk~z hgl lk gk|~ieaij| |dkzi ke |di ]kkl~k} ]fazkg Jig|i~'

Lf~ij|k~L~' Dhaid Izehglfh~f

Hzzfz|hg|zOigl~h Diflichg

Ckgh Vkyzzie

Zpijfha |dhgozZpijfha |dhgoz |k P~keizzk~

Ch~mk| Nhl~hg ek~ di~diap fg py||fgm |kmi|di~ |di

jkgei~igji hgl pynafjh|fkg?Ckgh Vkyzzie hgl Oigl~hDiflichg ek~ jkk~lfgh|fgm|dfz pynafjh|fkg? Ch~mh~i|

Hani~|! Oh|i Jkggiaav! AyoiDhmni~m! hgl Huflid

Chvufaai ke |di Cfllai Ihz|P~km~hc ek~ |dif~ ilf|fgm

zfz|hgji? Lfhgh Cfjdiaf hglh|dv Ny||i~efial ek~ lizfmgfgmdi Kjjhzfkgha Phpi~ Zi~fiz?

hgl Lhufl Dh}tdy~z| ek~|hofgm |di pdk|km~hpdz'


3/17


Nfgghr \kp~ho akkoz h| \y~oiv! |di zfgmyah~

jhzi k h zijyah~ Cyzafc#chbk~f|v jkyg|~v!

}di~i zijyah~fzc fgukauiz h jkcpai|i ziph~h|fkg

k ~iafmfkg hgl z|h|i' Fg di~ phpi~! îjig|

Hciglcig|z fg |di \y~ofzd Jfufa hgl J~fcfgha

Jkliz hgl |di ^kai k Eicfgfz| GMKz! zdi

zpihoz |k h |hgmai k fzzyiz fgukaufgm }kcig

hgl |di hcfav' Fg 86>5! |di z|h|i ighj|il

|di Jfufa Jkli! l~h}fgm kg |di Z}fzz cklia'

Hnkafzdfgm pkavmhcv hgl m~hg|fgm }kcig hg

h~~hv k ixyha ~fmd|z fg |di hcfav! f| }hz

|ky|il hz |di cklia k p~km~izzfui hcfav

ah}' Ek~ |di gi} îpynafj! }kcig! zdi

~icfglz di~ hylfigji! }i~i zvcnkaz k h

~izkaui |k zynz|f|y|i ]iz|i~g k~ K||kchg+

Fzahcfj jfufafrh|fkg' \dfz ~ihf~cil |di niafi

$izpijfhaav }flizp~ihl fg jkyg|~fiz jkakgfril

nv ]iz|i~g pk}i~z& |dh| migli~ ixyhaf|v hgl

zijyah~fzc }i~i ]iz|i~g hgl yg#Fzahcfj' Zyjd

|dfgofgm dhz |d}h~|il |di jhyzi k migli~

ixyhaf|v fg Cyzafc zkjfi|fiz hgl izpijfhaav fg

|di hcfav! }dfjd fg ckz| Cyzafc#chbk~f|v

jkyg|~fiz dhz niig ~imyah|il nv ~iafmfkyzav#

nhjoil ah}' \di ]iz|i~g#nhzil \y~ofzd Jfufa

Jkli! ha|dkymd m~hg|fgm chgv ixyha ~fmd|z |k

}kcig! }hz gk| |di ph~hmkg k migli~ ixyhaf|v

f| ziicil |k ni' Zijkgl#}hui icfgfz|z fg 8640z

\y~oiv itpkzil |di ph|~fh~jdha jkgz|~yj|fkg k

|di hcfav itp~izzil fg |di aimhafrh|fkg k chai

dihlzdfp' \di jdhgmi |div kymd| k~ jhci fg

|di >008 ~iufzfkg }di~i hg imhaf|h~fhg cklia k

|di hcfav }hz fgz|f|y|il! igzd~fgfgm dyznhgl

hgl }fi hz ixyha dihlz'

\di pk|ig|fha k h ~iafmfkyzav#nhjoil hcfav

ah} }hz ~ihafril }f|d |di |~hgzk~ch|fkg k|di Ck~kjjhg hcfav ah}! |di Cylh}}hgh! fg

>00< chofgm f| |di f~z| k f|z ofgl hgl h cklia

k~ k|di~ Cyzafc#chbk~f|v jkyg|~fiz' Zkyhl

Illkyhlh! fg ]kcig hgl |di Pkaf|fjz k

îk~c fg Ck~kjjk! ~iah|iz dk} |di ~iufzfkg

~izya|il ~kc jkcpait pkaf|fjz fgukaufgm

pi~zfz|ig| icfgfz| hj|fufzc icpakvfgm zijyah~

hgl ~iafmfkyz h~mycig|z' Ya|fch|iav! imhaf|h~fhg

~iufzfkg k |di hcfav ah} jhci hnky| hz |di

~izya| k |di jkccf|cig| k |di Ofgm }dk

iti~jfzil dfz hy|dk~f|v hz Jkcchgli~ k |di

Ehf|dya! |di dfmdiz| ~iafmfkyz hy|dk~f|v fg |di

ahgl! fg |di hji k Fzahcfz|z fg|ig| ypkg lifgfgm

Fzahc hgl liiglfgm h ph|~fh~jdha cklia k |di

hcfav' ]dfai }kcig ~ihpil h ufj|k~v }f|d

|di p~kcyamh|fkg k |di gi} ah}! Illkyhlh

fglfjh|iz |dh| zijyah~ icfgfz|z |vpfjhaav ~ichfg

ygihzv kui~ |di yzi k ~iafmfkyz byz|ffjh|fkg

k~ migli~ ixyhaf|v! p~ii~~fgm fgz|ihl |k ~hci

migli~ ixyhaf|v }f|dfg |di ygfui~zha dychg

~fmd|z lfzjky~zi'

Fg Nivkgl Fzahcfj Eicfgfzc2 ]kcig

hgl îp~izig|h|fkg fg F~hgz Lickj~hjv

Ckuicig|! Ghvi~id \kdflf p~kufliz

h dfz|k~fjha zy~uiv k dk} |di k~|ygiz k

}kcigz ~fmd|z ayj|yh|i }f|d |di zdf|fgm

pkaf|fjha k~|ygiz k zijyah~ hgl ~iafmfkyz pk}i~

jig|i~z hgl ~imfciz' \d~kymdky|! }kcig dhui

pi~zfz|il fg p~izzfgm k~ |dif~ ~fmd|z fg nk|d

zijyah~ hgl ~iafmfkyzav#ail z|h|iz }dfjd hafoi

dhui chli }kcig hgl migli~ jig|~ha hgl

zvcnkafj k |dif~ ~yai' Fg li|hfafgm zkci k |di

jkcpaitf|fiz k |di igcizdcig| k |di zijyah~

hgl |di ~iafmfkyz hgl |dif~ uh~fkyz jkgz|~yj|fkgz!

\kdflf ~iah|iz dk} |di Ehcfav P~k|ij|fkg Ah}z

k 865= hgl 86=9 p~kcyamh|il ygli~ |di ~yai

k Ckdhchl îrh Zdhd $86


4/17


]dfai migli~ ixyhaf|v }hz mhfgfgm m~kygl

fg |di pynafj zpdi~i! |di hcfav ~ichfgil h

z|ynnk~g nya}h~o k ph|~fh~jdv |dh| }hz zdk~il

yp nv jkgzi~uh|fui Fzahcfj |dfgofgm! }dfjd!

fg|i~iz|fgmav! afni~ha zijyah~ cig haak}il! f

k|ig zfcpav nv itpilfig| fgi~|fh' \di ixyhaf|v

k jf|frigz chglh|il nv |di Jkgz|f|y|fkg jkyal

ni |~ycpil nv hg fg|i~p~i|h|fkg k Fzahc |dh|

hzzi~|il |dh| |di ph|~fh~jdha hcfav! hgl }f|d

f| migli~ fgixyhaf|v! }hz k~lhfgil nv ~iafmfkg

}dfjd }hz fg jkaahnk~h|fkg }f|d gh|y~i'

Imvp|fhg }kcigz ph|d#n~ihofgm icfgfzc!

}dfjd }hz fgayig|fha nivkgl f|z nk~li~z k~

cyjd k |di |}ig|fi|d jig|y~v! itpi~figjil

f|z chbk~ lfzhppkfg|cig| fg f|z fghnfaf|v |k

}fg zfmgffjhg| ~ik~c k hcfav ah}' Akgm#

|i~c pkaf|fjha jkglf|fkgz hgl |di Ici~migjv

Ah}z jkggij|il }f|d |di zpij|i~ k hg Fzahcfz|

|d~ih|! ~iha k~ fchmfgil! |dh| dhui niig fg iij|

fg Imvp| k~ zkci |d~ii lijhliz dhui z|fail

hj|fufz| k~mhgfrfgm! itjip| h~kygl zhi jhyziz

k~ jhyziz |kk |d~ih|igfgm |k fmgk~i }dfjd

lk gk| fgjayli zi~fkyz |~hgzk~ch|fkg k |di

Cyzafc Pi~zkgha Z|h|yz Jkli'

\y~gfgm ~kc |di Imvp|fhg phz| |k |di

maknha p~izig|! kgi fglz |}k chbk~ maknha

gi|}k~oz kg |di zjigi jkgji~gil }f|d |di

i~hlfjh|fkg k migli~ fgixyhaf|v hgl fgbyz|fjiz

fg Cyzafc hcfav ah}z' Kgi fz h zijyah~ gi|}k~o

k Cyzafcz hgl gkg#Cyzafcz hgl |di k|di~ fz

h gi|}k~o! jhaafgm f|zia h ckuicig|! jkcpkzil

k Cyzafcz kgav' \di f~z| fz |di |~hgzgh|fkgha

gi|}k~o jhaail ]kcig Afufgm ygli~ Cyzafc

Ah}z $]AYCA&! }dfjd zijyah~ icfgfz|z

j~ih|il fg |di cfl#8640z |k jkcnh| ph|~fh~jdha

hcfav ah}z j~ih|il hgl pi~pi|yh|il fg |di

ghci k Fzahc' \di zijyah~ icfgfz|z fgf|fh|il

h gi|}k~o k }kcig afufgm ygli~ Cyzafc ah}z

}dfjd fgjaylil haa }kcig jkgji~gil! gk|

zfcpav Cyzafc }kcig' ]AYCA lf~ij|il h

chbk~ ik~| h| ogk}ailmi#jkaaij|fgm hgl kui~ h

|ig#vih~ pi~fkl hzzicnail lh|h kg hcfav ah}z

fg zkci |}ig|v Cyzafc#chbk~f|v jkyg|~fiz' F|z

~izih~jd zdk}il |di lfui~zf|v k Cyzafc#nhjoil

ah}z hgl |dyz |di lfui~mig| fg|i~p~i|h|fkgz

k Fzahcfj by~fzp~yligji! k~ fxd' ]dig |di

gi} Fzahcfj icfgfz| lfzjky~zi }hz liuiakpil

ziui~ha vih~z h|i~ f|z kyglfgm! ]AYCA hllil

|dfz |k f|z lfzjy~zfui ~ipi~|kf~i' ]AYCA!

ypdkalfgm hgl jiain~h|fgm fgjayzfuf|v! nyfa|

f|zia k~mhgfjhaav hgl fgj~icig|haav hgl |klhv

~ichfgz h pk}i~ya gi|}k~o'

Cyzh}hd $ixyhaf|v&|di Ckuicig| k~

Ixyhaf|v hgl Byz|fji fg |di Cyzafc Ehcfav |dh|

}hz ahygjdil fg Oyhah Aycpy~ fg >006fz h

gi|}k~o hgl+k~ h ckuicig| fg |di chofgm'

\dfz itjayzfuiav Cyzafc gi|}k~o+ckuicig|k~i~kg|z Fzahcfj icfgfz| lfzjky~zi $}dfjd

fgliil zkci k f|z aihli~z dhui p~klyjil&!

}dfai gk| gimaij|fgm |k fgukoi jkgz|f|y|fkgha

hgl dychg ~fmd|z h~mycig|z! fg |di maknha

ckuicig| f| ziioz |k nyfal fg k~li~ |k |~hgzk~c

akjha Cyzafc hcfav ah}z' Fzahcfj icfgfzcz

jkcpiaafgm h~|fjyah|fkg k h lfzjky~zi k migli~

ixyhaf|v nhzil kg ~i#~ihlfgmz k |di Xy~hg hgl

k|di~ ~iafmfkyz zky~jiz dhz dhl }fli ~izkghgji

hckgm Cyzafcz hz }iaa hz gkg#Cyzafcz

~kc |di |fci f| zy~hjil kg |di maknha zjigi

zkci |}k lijhliz hmk' Fgliil! |di~i h~i gkg#

Cyzafcz }dk p~kck|i hgl fgukoi Fzahcfj

icfgfzc fg |dif~ hj|fufzc }dk jhaa |dicziauiz

Fzahcfj icfgfz|z' Cyzh}hdz jkccyghafzc

iufligjil fg jdkkzfgm |k jkgfgi f|z ckuicig|

|k Cyzafcz~igli~z Fzahcfj icfgfzc

itjayzfufz| nv afgofgm f| }f|d Cyzafc flig|f|v'

Fg iglihuk~fgm |k liuiakp f|zia hz h zkjfha

ckuicig|! Cyzh}hd cyz| |~hgzf| ~kc |di

maknha |k |di akjha' Cyzh}hd ziioz |k fmgf|i

k~ |k nkaz|i~ zkjfha ckuicig|z fg Cyzafc#

chbk~f|v jkyg|~fiz |dh| dhui ~iafmfkyzav#nhjoil

hcfav ah}z' H jkccygha maknha ckuicig|

|dyz mkiz akjha fg|k zijyah~ z|h|iz }di~i icfgfz|

hj|fufzc dhz gk| k~mhgfril h~kygl ~iafmfkg k~

~iafmfkyz flig|f|v' $\di~i dhui niig }kcigz

Eicfgfz| Hj|fufzc ek~ Jdhgmi fgEhcfav Ah}z hgl P~hj|fjiz2 Aizzkgz e~kc|di Imvp|fhg Phz| ek~ |di Maknha P~izig|

Jf|frigz fg zijyah~ Cyzafc#chbk~f|v z|h|iz dhui

k~ |di ckz| ph~| hjdfiuil aimha hgl p~hj|fjha

ixyhaf|v fg |di zijyah~ pynafj zpdi~i k z|h|i

hgl zkjfi|v }dfai migli~ fgixyhaf|v ~ifmgz fg |di

p~fuh|i zpdi~i k |di hcfav! }dfjd fz ~imyah|il

nv ph|~fh~jdha ah}z' \di |}k itjip|fkgz h~i |di>008 ~iufzfkg k |di zijyah~ Jfufa Jkli k \y~oiv

hgl |di >00< ~iufzfkg k |di ~iafmfkyzav#nhjoil

Ck~kjjhg Ehcfav Ah}! }dfjd gk} fgjk~pk~h|i

imhaf|h~fhg jkgz|~yj|fkgz k |di hcfav' \di

fgixyhaf|v k jf|frigz fg |di lkchfg k |di hcfav

aimf|fcfril fg |di ghci k ~iafmfkg fz fg lf~ij|

jkg|~hlfj|fkg |k |di jkgz|f|y|fkgz k zijyah~

Cyzafc#chbk~f|v z|h|iz! zyjd hz Imvp| hgl |di

H~hn jkyg|~fiz k |di ihz| Cilf|i~~hgihg! }dfjd

lijah~i |di ixyhaf|v k haa jf|frigz f~~izpij|fui

k ~hji! migli~! jahzz! hgl j~iil' \di jy~~ig|

icfgfz| ik~|! |di~ik~i! jig|i~z kg ~ipahjfgm

ah}z ypdkalfgm h ph|~fh~jdha jkgz|~yj|fkg k |di

hcfav }f|d hg imhaf|h~fhg cklia'

Zijyah~ icfgfz|z $yzyhaav byz| jhaail

icfgfz|z& dhui akgm hgl h~lykyzav kymd|

jhcphfmgz |k hjdfiui ixyha ~fmd|z fg |dif~ uh~fkyz

Cyzafc#chbk~f|v jkyg|~fiz' \dh| fz gk| |k zhv

|dh| gh|fkg#nhzil icfgfz|z dhui gk| zkymd|

~imfkgha hgl fg|i~gh|fkgha k~ |~hgzgh|fkgha

zyppk~| ny| |dh| |dif~ ckuicig|z dhui niig

akjhaav fgf|fh|il! hgjdk~il! hgl l~fuig' Imvp|!

k~ ithcpai! }hz h pfkgii~fgm zf|i k icfgfzc

}di~i Cyzafc hgl Jd~fz|fhg }kcig hz jf|frigz

z|~ymmail zfli nv zfli |k mhfg |dif~ ~fmd|z fg zkjfi|v

hgl }di~i Jd~fz|fhgz zyppk~|il Cyzafcz fg

|dif~ fmd| |k ~ik~c |di Cyzafc Pi~zkgha Z|h|yz

Jkli' \dizi zijyah~ icfgfz| jf|frigz zdh~il h

jkcckg |i~~f|k~fha gh|fkg }dfai niakgmfgm |k

lfi~ig| ~iafmfkyz jkccygf|fiz' \div ~hcil

|dif~ icfgfzc fg |dif~ k}g migli~#zigzf|fui

lipakvcig|z k gh|fkghafz|! Fzahcfj ckli~gfz|!

hgl dychgfz|fj lfzjky~ziz! icpakvfgm cya|fpaih~mycig|z zfcya|hgikyzav'

Imvp|fhg icfgfz|z kyglil k~mhgfrh|fkgz!

|di ih~afiz| hgl akgmiz| afuil k |dif~ itpafjf|av

icfgfz| hzzkjfh|fkgz nifgm |di Imvp|fhg

Eicfgfz| Ygfkg' ]kcig hggkygjil |dif~

ufzfkg! zi| h jkcp~idigzfui hmiglh! hgl

iz|hnafzdil |dif~ p~fk~f|fiz' Jkgzjfkyz k akjha

pkaf|fjz! hgl k ~iafmfkyz hgl jya|y~ha z|ycnafgm

nakjoz! |div chli z|~h|imfj haafhgjiz' \dif~

dkcim~k}g ckuicig| }hz zkaflav ~kk|il fg

akjha zkfa' Zijyah~ icfgfzc fg Imvp| dhz niig

p~hmch|fj hgl pkaf|fjha' F| dhz niig zkjfha

ckuicig| icfgfzc hgl mkha#l~fuig' Eicfgfz|

h~mycig|h|fkg fz lipakvil fg |di zi~ufji k

hj|fufz| z|~ymmai! ny| zijyah~ icfgfzc fg Imvp|!

hz iazi}di~i! dhz gk| niig h p~fch~fav |dik~i|fjha

hgl lfzjy~zfui p~kbij|'

Nv |di cfllai k |di |}ig|fi|d jig|y~v!

icfgfz|z fg Imvp| dhl hjdfiuil zfmgffjhg|

hluhgjiz' \div dhl iij|fuiav lickgz|~h|il

|dh| |dif~ mhfgz }i~i |di gh|fkgz mhfgz' ]dfai

|div ygli~z|kkl chai pk}i~ hgl ia| f|z iij|z!

|div zkymd| haafiz hckgm cig }di~i |div jkyal'

Zkci cig zyppk~|il }kcigz ixyha ~fmd|z

fg |di z|h|i hgl zkjfi|v! ny| cig }i~i hazk

zigzf|fui |k ph|~fh~jdha pkaf|fjz hgl lfzpahvil

ygihzi kui~ |di i~kzfkg k chai p~fufaimi'

Ch~mk| Nhl~hg

Zigfk~ Zjdkah~! ]kkl~k} ]fazkg Jig|i~? Zigfk~ Eiaak}! P~fgji Ha}haiil nfg \haha Jig|i~ek~ Cyzafc Jd~fz|fhg Ygli~z|hglfgm! Mik~mi|k}g Ygfui~zf|v


5/17


\dfz |hoiz yz |k |di xyiz|fkg2 }dh| aizzkgz

lkiz |di Imvp|fhg phz| dkal k~ |di maknha

p~izig|; Hmhfgz| |di k~imkfgm lfzjyzzfkg F

igyci~h|i |dic' \di Imvp|fhg zijyah~

icfgfz| itpi~figji zpihoz |k |di fcpk~|hgji

k2 $8& akjhaav l~fuig hj|fufz| jhcphfmgz! $>&

ygli~z|hglfgm akjha ~ihaf|fiz! $:& icfgfz|

hj|fufzc hj~kzz ~iafmfkyz afgiz! hgl $


6/17


0

îjig| Hciglcig|z fg |di\y~ofzd Jfufa hgl J~fcfgha Jklizhgl |di ^kai ke Eicfgfz| GMKz

\y~oivz k~fmfgha jfufa hgl j~fcfgha jkliz lh|i

nhjo |k |di ih~av vih~z k |di \y~ofzd ipynafj'

Nk|d }i~i ighj|il fg 86>5 |d~ii vih~z h|i~

|di iz|hnafzdcig| k |di îpynafj kaak}fgm

|di jkaahpzi k |di K||kchg Icpf~i' \di

Jfufa Jkli }hz ckliail kg |di Z}fzz JfufaJkli hgl |di J~fcfgha Jkli kg |di F|hafhg'

Ha|dkymd nk|d }i~i ~iukay|fkgh~v k~ |dif~

|fci hz |div ~ipahjil |di zdh~fhd! |div iaa

zdk~| k chglh|fgm jkcpai|i ixyhaf|v k |di

zitiz hgl jkg|hfgil h~|fjaiz |dh| ah|i~ nijhci

yghjjip|hnai |k }kcig'

\di Jfufa Jkli k 86>5 }hz izpijfhaav

m~kygln~ihofgm k~ h Cyzafc#chbk~f|v jkyg|~v'

F| mhui ixyha ~fmd|z |k cig hgl }kcig fg

ch~~fhmi! lfuk~ji! jdfal jyz|klv! hgl fgdi~f|hgji'

Ch~~fhmi gk} jh~~fil aimha }ifmd| kgav f f|

}hz jkglyj|il hgl ~imfz|i~il nv zijyah~ aimha

hy|dk~f|fiz! ha|dkymd jkypaiz }dk }fzdil |k lk

zk jkyal ah|i~ dhui h ~iafmfkyz ch~~fhmi' Kgi

dhl |k mk |k jky~| |k mi| h lfuk~ji! hgl f| }kyal

ni |di bylmi }dk }kyal h}h~l jdfal jyz|klv'

\di gi} jkli nhggil pkavmhcv hgl haak}il

Cyzafc }kcig |k ch~~v gkg#Cyzafc cig' Fg

|di ih~av 86:0z! }kcig mk| |di ~fmd| |k uk|i

hgl ~yg k~ kfji'

Ek~ |di gi} îpynafj! }kcig }i~i zvcnkaz

k h ~izkaui |k zynz|f|y|i ]iz|i~g k~ K||kchg+

Fzahcfj jfufafrh|fkg' Hjjk~lfgmav! aimha jdhgmiz

}i~i ~ifgk~jil nv mkui~gcig|ha h||ig|fkg

|k }kcigz ilyjh|fkg hgl ph~|fjfph|fkg fg

|di }k~o k~ji' Nimfggfgm fg |di ah|i 86>0z!

ah~mi gycni~z k }kcig zi~uil fg dfmdav

p~iz|fmfkyz pkzf|fkgz hz bylmiz! ah}vi~z! lkj|k~z!

hgl hjhlicfjz' Ha|dkymd |dizi ~ik~cz lfl

gk| ~ihjd haa }kcig fg \y~oiv! kui~ |di vih~z!

ck~i hgl ck~i }kcig nigif||il ~kc |dic hz

ilyjh|fkgha kppk~|ygf|fiz itphglil' \klhv! k~

ithcpai! \y~oiv dhz |di dfmdiz| ~h|fk k }kcighjhlicfjz $:9 pi~jig|& fg Iy~kpi'

îjig| zy~uivz zdk} |dh| |dizi jdhgmiz dhui

niig }fliav hjjip|il nv |di chbk~f|v k |di

\y~ofzd pkpyah|fkg' Ek~ ithcpai! h gycni~

k zy~uivz fg |di ah|i 8660z ~iuihail |dh| |di

pi~jig|hmi k pikpai }dk }hg|il |k ni ~yail nv

|di zdh~fhd}hz h~kygl >0 pi~jig|' H jkaaihmyi

hgl F jkglyj|il h gh|fkg}fli zy~uiv fg 86668

|k p~kni y~|di~ fg|k |dfz fmy~i' ]i |dkymd|

|dh| >0 pi~jig| zyppk~| k~ |di zdh~fhd }hz

cyjd |kk dfmd hgl zpijyah|il |dh| liuky|

Cyzafcz cfmd| ni ~izpkglfgm pkzf|fuiav |k h

xyiz|fkg |dh| hzoil }di|di~ |div }kyal }hg|

|k ni ~yail nv lfufgi ah} }f|dky|! dk}iui~!

ogk}fgm f|z jkg|ig|z'

]dig }i hzoil |di zhci xyiz|fkg |dh|

p~iufkyz zy~uivz dhl hzoil! |di pi~jig|hmi

}hz |di zhci' Ky~ xyiz|fkgghf~i! dk}iui~!

jkg|hfgil hllf|fkgha xyiz|fkgz' \di f~z| gk|il|dh| hjjk~lfgm |k |di zdh~fhd! h chg jkyal

ch~~v yp |k ky~ }kcig }di~ihz |di Jfufa

Jkli ~iz|~fj|z |dfz |k kgi }fi' ]kyal |div

}hg| |di Jfufa Jkli |k jdhgmi fg huk~ k |di

zdh~fhd; H zijkgl xyiz|fkg itpahfgil |dh|

hjjk~lfgm |k Fzahcfj ah}! }kcig fgdi~f| aizz

|dhg cig }di~ihz |di Jfufa Jkli hjjip|z ixyha

fgdi~f|hgji ~fmd|z' ]kyal |div }hg| |k jdhgmi

|dh|; ]i hzoil zfcfah~ xyiz|fkgz hnky| lfuk~ji!

jdfal jyz|klv! hgl pygfzdcig| k~ hlya|i~v'

Kgav 8'> pi~jig| }hg|il |k pygfzd hlya|i~v

kigli~z }f|d ~ijc! k~ z|kgfgm |k lih|d' \di

chbk~f|v zhfl |dh| hlya|i~v zdkyal kgav ni h

~ihzkg k~ lfuk~ji' Fg hgz}i~z |k |di k|di~

xyiz|fkgz jkgji~gfgm ch~~fhmi! lfuk~ji! jdfal

jyz|klv hgl fgdi~f|hgji! kgav h~kygl 4 pi~jig|

k |di pkpyah|fkg fglfjh|il h p~ii~igji |k

~i|y~g |k |di zdh~fhd' Hz }kyal ni itpij|il!

|di pi~jig|hmiz hckgm }kcig }i~i iuig ak}i~'

Digji! }i jkgjaylil |dh| |di >0 pi~jig| fmy~i

}hz kui~nak}g hgl |dh| |di m~ih| chbk~f|v

k |di \y~ofzd pikpai }i~i jkg|ig| }f|d |di

zijyah~ ~ipynafjhg ~imfci kg hcfav ah}'

Yg|fa |di 8650z! }kcigz m~kypz ia| |dh|

ih~av ~ipynafjhg ~ik~cz dhl mfuig \y~ofzd

}kcig haa k |dif~ ~fmd|z' Digji! |dif~ ik~|z

}i~i jkgfgil p~fch~fav |k pdfahg|d~kpfj

hj|fuf|fiz' Fg |di 8650z hgl |di 86=0z! |di ckz|

hj|fui }kcigz m~kypz }i~i hppiglhmiz k ai|#

}fgm pkaf|fjz hgl ufi}il |di migli~ xyiz|fkg hz

kgi |dh| }kyal ni hy|kch|fjhaav ~izkauil }f|d

|di iz|hnafzdcig| k h zkjfhafz| ~imfci' F| }hz gk|

yg|fa |di 8640z |dh| h gi} }hui k icfgfzc!

fgayigjil nv ]iz|i~g icfgfz| }~f|fgm! nimhg

|k pkaf|fjfri |di p~knaic h~ihz jkg~kg|fgm haa

}kcig fg \y~ofzd zkjfi|v~y~ha hgl y~nhg!

ilyjh|il hgl ygilyjh|il! yppi~ jahzz hgl

ak}i~ jahzz' F| kjyzil kg fzzyiz zyjd hz }kcigz

zityhaf|v! zityha dh~hzzcig|! lkciz|fj ufkaigji!

hgl dkgk~ ofaafgmz'

\d~kymd jkgzjfkyzgizz#~hfzfgm m~kypz hgl

pynafjh|fkgz! }kcigz GMKz }i~i hnai |k

~ij~yf| hg h~cv k vkygm }kcig }faafgm |k

zpigl |dif~ |fci hgl igi~mv kg pynafjfrfgm |dif~

jhyzi hgl hj|fgm hz aknnvfgm hgl p~izzy~i m~kypz'

]dfai |di gycni~ k }kcigz GMKz fg 86=:

}hz kgav 80! |di fmy~i }hz 5< fg866> hgl :90

nv >005' Iuig nik~i |di hciglcig| k

|dizi jkliz! |di GMKz }i~i hnai |k k~ji

|di mkui~gcig| |k choi jdhgmiz fg nk|d'

Nfgghr \kp~ho!

P~keizzk~! Pkaf|fjha Zjfigji! Liph~|cig| ke Pkaf|fjha Zjfigji hgl

Fg|i~gh|fkgha îah|fkgz! Nhdiidf~ Ygfui~zf|v! Fz|hgnya


7/17


>

}f|dky| f~z| ~ixyf~fgm lkjycig|h~v p~kk

k h jfufa ch~~fhmi' Ha|dkymd |di 86>5 jkli

dhl ~ijkmgfril kgav jfufa ch~~fhmi! f| lfl gk|

~ixyf~i p~kk |dh| |di jkypai dhl p~iufkyzav

~imfz|i~il |di ch~~fhmi }f|d jfufa hy|dk~f|fiz'

\dfz cihg| |dh| ah~mi gycni~z k }kcig!

izpijfhaav fg ~y~ha h~ihz! }i~i ch~~fil kgav nv

fchcz }f|d |di jkgzixyigji |dh| |div jkyal ni

lfuk~jil h| }faa }f|dky| jky~| p~kjiilfgmz' \di

jdfal~ig nk~g fg|k zyjd ch~~fhmiz }i~i liicil

faaimf|fch|i! aihufgm |di }kchg hgl jdfal~ig

}f|dky| ~ijky~zi |k fghgjfha zyppk~| f |di chg

lizi~|il |dic'

\di jkgjip| k faaimf|fch|i jdfal~ig }hz

hazk hnkafzdil! hgl |di jkli p~kuflil k~ |di

ck|di~z jyz|klv k jdfal~ig nk~g ky|zfli k

ch~~fhmi' \di p~kufzfkg fg |di kal jkli |dh| mhui

lijfzfkgz hnky| jdfal~ig |k |di h|di~ fg jhzi k

lfzhm~iicig| ni|}iig zpkyziz }hz ~ickuil!:

hgl fg jhzi k lfuk~ji |di gkgjyz|klfha zpkyzi

gk} dhl |k zdh~i |di fghgjfha jkz|z k |di

jdfal~ig' \di gi} jkli hazk mhui }kcig |di

~fmd| |k hppav k~ h aimha ziph~h|fkg k yp |k

|d~ii vih~z! }dfjd ah|i~ jkyal nijkci |di

m~kyglz k~ h lfuk~ji zyf|'

Efghaav! |di gi} jkli chli hlya|i~v m~kyglz

k~ lfuk~ji' \di 86>5 jkli dhl chli hlya|i~v

pygfzdhnai nv fcp~fzkgcig|! ha|dkymd |dfz

p~kufzfkg dhl niig hggyaail fg |di 8660z'

Fg >009! |di HOP $|di ~yafgm Byz|fji hgl

Liuiakpcig| Ph~|v& mkui~gcig| }hg|il |k

~ifg|~klyji p~fzkg zig|igjiz ny| mhui yp |di

flih h|i~ p~k|iz|z nv }kcigz GMKz! hz }iaa hz

nv Iy~kpihg Ygfkg hy|dk~f|fiz h| h |fci }dig

|di IY }hz hnky| |k z|h~| hjjizzfkg gimk|fh|fkgz

k~ \y~oivz ig|~v'

\di Pigha Jkli k >00< }hz ighj|il

}dfai |di HOP jkg|~kaail |di mkui~gcig|'

Jkgzfli~fgm |dh| |di aihli~zdfp k |di ph~|v

dhz ~kk|z fg |di Fzahcfz| ckuicig| hgl |dh| f|z

cicni~z k ph~afhcig|! hz }iaa hz f|z uk|i~z! h~i

zkjfhaav jkgzi~uh|fui! |dh| fz h m~kygln~ihofgm

hjdfiuicig| k~ }kcigz GMKz' \di

jkliz p~kufzfkgz jkgji~gfgm }kcig h~i

it|~hk~lfgh~fav afni~ha! izpijfhaav k~ h Cyzafc#

chbk~f|v jkyg|~v' Hz icfgfz| k~mhgfrh|fkgz py|

f|! f| aimhaav hjogk}ailmiz }kcigz k}gi~zdfp

k |dif~ nklfiz hgl zityhaf|v'008

hgl >00< hciglcig|z k |di Jfufa hgl

J~fcfgha Jkliz! ~izpij|fuiav! jdhgmfgm nk|d

|di ahgmyhmi hgl pdfakzkpdv k |di jkliz |k

~iaij| h icfgfz| pi~zpij|fui'

Hciglcig|z ke |di 86>5

Jfufa hgl J~fcfgha Jkliz

\di gi} Jfufa Jkli k >008 zfcpaffil |di

kal jkliz jkcpafjh|il aimha ahgmyhmi zk hz |k

choi f| hjjizzfnai |k haa }kcig' \di |i~cz

dyznhgl hgl }fi }i~i ~ipahjil nv |di

|i~c zpkyzi' \di dyznhgl }hz gk akgmi~

jkgzfli~il |di dihl k |di hcfav! hgl

zpkyziz }i~i mfuig ixyha lijfzfkg#chofgm

pk}i~z kui~ hcfav hhf~z' Zpkyziz gk} dhl

ixyha ~fmd|z fg lijflfgm }di~i |div }kyal

afui' \di kal jkli dhl mfuig |dfz lijfzfkg

|k |di dyznhgl }f|d |di ~izya|! k~ ithcpai!

|dh| h p~kizzfkgha k~ h }k~ofgm }kchg }dk

~iyzil |k kaak} di~ dyznhgl |k h lfi~ig|

jf|v k~ jkyg|~v }kyal ni jkgzfli~il |di

myfa|v ph~|gi~ f di fail k~ lfuk~ji'

H ch~~fil }kchg jkyal gk} oiip di~

zy~ghci! ha|dkymd f| }hz hftil |k di~

dyznhglz! hgl zdi gk akgmi~ giilil di~

dyznhglz pi~cfzzfkg |k |~huia' F| zdkyal ni

gk|il di~i |dh| |di kal jkliz ~ixyf~icig|

k |di dyznhglz pi~cfzzfkg |k }k~o hgl

|k |~huia dhl gk| niig igk~jil ygaizz |di

dyznhgl chli hg fzzyi k f|' Giui~|diaizz!

f| fz fcpk~|hg| |dh| nk|d |dizi h~|fjaiz }i~i

liai|il ~kc |di gi} jkli iuig f |div kgav

dhl zvcnkafj zfmgffjhgji'

\di gi} jkli hazk p~kuflil k~ h bkfg|

p~kpi~|v ~imfci! f'i'! ixyha ~fmd|z kui~

p~kpi~|v hjxyf~il ly~fgm ch~~fhmi! ygaizz

jkypaiz hm~iil kg h ziph~h|i p~kpi~|v

~imfci nik~i ch~~fhmi' Fg h jkyg|~v }f|d

h ak} pi~jig|hmi k }k~ofgm }kcig }f|d

fglipiglig| fghgjfha cihgz! |di p~kufzfkg

k |di kal jkli! }dfjd ~ijkmgfril ziph~h|i

p~kpi~|v! cihg| |dh| fg |di jhzi k h lfuk~ji

|di }fi }kyal mi| gk zdh~i itjip| hafckgv

zfgji ckz| dyznhglz ~imfz|i~il hcfav

p~kpi~|v fg |dif~ k}g ghciz'

\di gi} jkli hazk mhui }kcig }dk

}i~i k~jil fg|k ch~~fhmi |di ~fmd| |k fai hg

hggyacig| pi|f|fkg! iuig f |div dhl hm~iil

|k |di ch~~fhmi ly~fgm h jfufa ji~ickgv fg

|di p~izigji k }f|gizziz' \di cfgfcyc

hmi k~ ch~~fhmi }kyal digjik~|d ni

84 k~ nk|d zitiz! }di~ihz f| }hz 8= k~

cig hgl 89 k~ }kcig ygli~ |di kal

jkli'> F| nijhci h j~fcfgha kigzi k~

hg fchc |k jkglyj| h ~iafmfkyz ch~~fhmi


8/17


\di ~yafgm HOP $Byz|fji hgl Liuiakpcig| Ph~|v&

mkui~gcig| ah|i~ jdhgmil |di hmi k~ }kcig |k 8= hgl

hpph~ig|av }hg|z |k ak}i~ f| |k 89 hmhfg':\dfz lfl gk| cihg! dk}iui~! |dh| kg |di nhzfz k |di kal

jkli |di h|di~ }kyal dhui hy|kch|fj jyz|klv fg jhzi k

lfuk~ji' F| }hz yp |k |di bylmi |k lijfli! hgl bylmiz migi~haav

mhui |di jyz|klv k zchaa jdfal~ig |k |di ck|di~ hgl! fg |di

jhzi k kali~ jdfal~ig! |di mf~az |k |di ck|di~ hgl |di nkvz |k

|di h|di~! kg |di m~kyglz |dh| |div giilil ~kai ckliaz' \di

p~kufzfkg fg |di kal jkli p~fch~fav hij|il lijfzfkgz kui~

jdfal~ig }f|dfg |di ch~~fhmi! gk| fg lfuk~ji jhziz'

Jhcn~flmi Dfz|k~v k \y~oiv2 \y~oiv fg |di Ckli~g ]k~al!

Uka' 004! :44# 00< ~ik~c k |di Ehcfav Jkli! hz }iaa hz |di

icfgfz|z jy~~ig| jhcphfmg k~ |di hciglcig|

k |di pigha jkli' F }faa hazk gk|i |di jdhaaigmiz

k |di fcpaicig|h|fkg k |di >00< Ehcfav

Jkli! izpijfhaav fg ~y~ha h~ihz! hgl lfzjyzz hg

ha|i~gh|fui flikakmv k migli~ byz|fji p~ilh|fgm

|di ~ik~cz'

\di Ck~kjjhg Ehcfav Jkli! gk} |di kgav

zdh~fhd#nhzil aimha |it| fg |di jkyg|~v! jhg

ni flig|ffil hz |di k~ickz| zf|i fg }dfjd h

Ck~kjjhg Cyzafc flig|f|v fz h~|fjyah|il' Hz

h aimha |it| fg }dfjd migli~ pkafjv fz kyglil kg

~iafmfkyz iufligji hgl ahniail fg |i~cz k |di

Cyzafc flig|f|v k |di Z|h|i! |di Ck~kjjhg

Ehcfav Jkli fgit|~fjhnav afgoz |di aimha z|h|yz

k }kcig hgl cig |k |di ~iafmfkyz kyglh|fkgzk pkaf|fjha pk}i~' \dfz fg|i~lipigligji k

|di pkaf|fjha hgl |di ~iafmfkyz! |kmi|di~ }f|d

|di zkjfhaav cknfafrfgm! ~iafmfkyzav jkgzi~uh|fui

lfzjky~ziz! dhz chli f| lffjya| k~ Ck~kjjhg

afni~ha icfgfz|z |k m~kygl |dif~ jahfcz kg akjha

jya|y~ha hgl zkjfha kk|dkalz k migli~ ixyhaf|v'

^iavfgm itjayzfuiav kg ygfui~zha uhayiz k migli~

ixyhaf|v |k jahfc ~fmd|z k~ }kcig dhz! dk}iui~!

p~kuil afcf|fgm zfgji zyjd ~iafhgji lkiz gk|

hll~izz |di zpijffj ~iafmfkyz hgl pkaf|fjha |i~cz

fg }dfjd }kcigz z|h|yz fz lifgil'

Fg hggkygjfgm |di hciglcig| k |di Ehcfav

Jkli |it| h| |di kpigfgm k ph~afhcig| fg

haa >00:! Ofgm Ckdhccil UF z|h|il! F| fz

gijizzh~v |k ni cfglya k |di |kai~hg| hfc k

Fzahc }dfjd hlukjh|iz dychg lfmgf|v! ixyhaf|v

hgl dh~ckgfkyz ~iah|fkgz! hgl hazk |k ~iav kg

|di jkdizfuigizz k |di Chafof|i ~f|i hgl kg

fb|fdhl'8 Nhzil kg |di imhaf|h~fhg zpf~f| k |di

Xy~hg hgl Zyggh! |di ofgm yzil dfz ~kvha

p~i~kmh|fui |k n~iho }f|d zkci k |di chaiz

aimha p~fufaimiz zyjd hz chai myh~lfhgzdfp kui~

}kcig $}fahvh&! ~ipylfh|fkg! hgl |di chaiz

ygfah|i~ha ~fmd| k~ lfuk~ji! ahvfgm |di m~kygl

k~ h zdf| fg |di z|h|iz lifgf|fkg k |di hcfav'

]dfai |di 869= Ehcfav Jkli |it| lifgil

|di hcfav hz h ygfkg k~ p~kj~ih|fkg ygli~

|di aihli~zdfp k |di dyznhgl}f|d migli~

~kaiz lifgil fg |i~cz k |di hy|dk~f|h|fui

py~uivk~#dyznhgl hgl |di knilfig| lkciz|fj

}k~oi~}fi|di hciglil |it| lifgiz |di

hcfav fg |i~c k h ph~|gi~zdfp ni|}iig |}k

ixyha! ckli~g Cyzafc jf|frigz'

\dfz ~ik~c }kyal dhui p~knhnav giui~ |hoig

pahji }f|dky| |di afni~ha icfgfz|z igly~fgmhgl iij|fui hj|fufzc k~ aimha migli~ ixyhaf|v'

Ck~kjjhg icfgfz|z hlukjhjv k~ }kcigz

~fmd|z! fgjaylfgm |di jy~~ig| icfgfz| jhcphfmg

k~ |di hciglcig| k |di pigha jkli! fz p~ic fzil

kg ygfui~zha dychg ~fmd|z hz |di itjayzfui

~ii~ig|fha ~hci}k~o }f|dfg }dfjd }kcigz

fzzyiz giil |k ni hll~izzil' \di icfgfz|z

Zkyhl Illkyhlh

Hzzfz|hg| P~keizzk~! Liph~|cig| ke Igmafzd! Fng \kehfa Ygfui~zf|v! Oigf|~h! Ck~kjjk

]kcig hgl |di Pkaf|fjz ke^iek~c fg Ck~kjjk


9/17


5

hlukjhjv k |di zijyah~frh|fkg k |di pigha jkli

hgl |di jklffjh|fkg k }kcigz fglfuflyha

~iilkc! fgjaylfgm |di aimhafrh|fkg k hnk~|fkg!

fz jdhaaigmil nv |di Fzahcfz|z h|}hz jhaafgm

k~ nkvjk||fgm chai mvgijkakmfz|z nijhyzi!

hjjk~lfgm |k |dic! f| fz ck~i hpp~kp~fh|i k~

Cyzafc }kcig |k zii h ichai |dhg h chai

mvgijkakmfz|' Eicfgfz| hlukjhjv k~ |di ~ickuha

k }kcigz fzzyiz ~kc |di ~ihac k |di

~iafmfkyz |k |dh| k |di |icpk~ha fz jkyg|i~il nv

Fzahcfz| ~izfz|hgji k~ |di p~izi~uh|fkg k |di ahz|

nhz|fkgz k Ck~kjjhg Cyzafc flig|f|v! }dfjd

h~i }kcig hgl |di hcfav' \di ~hlfjhafrh|fkg

k |di Fzahcfz|#icfgfz| lfjdk|kcv fz iuflig| fg

ik~|z |k li|i~cfgi }dh| zdkyal jkgz|f|y|i |di

~hci}k~o k~ aimfzah|fkg hgl pkafjvchofgm

ygfui~zha dychg ~fmd|z k~ Fzahcfj flihaz' Fg |dfz

linh|iz zdf| ~kc h lf~ij| jkg~kg|h|fkg |k hg

fglf~ij| lfzjyzzfkg! |di jkgzixyigjiz ~ichfg |k

ni ziig'

\dfz lfjdk|kckyz linh|i fg Ck~kjjk

cf~~k~z E~igjd linh|iz kg fzzyiz zyjd hz |di uifa!

zijyah~fzc hgl Fzahc! hgl ichai ichgjfph|fkg

ui~zyz kpp~izzfkg hgl dhz jkgz|~yj|il migli~

ixyhaf|v hz h zvgkgvc k~ hnhglkgfgm akjha

Cyzafc jya|y~iz hgl izpkyzfgm hg fgdi~ig|av

imhaf|h~fhg ]iz|i~g jya|y~i' \di p~kck|fkg

k h ygfui~zha! zfgmyah~+zijyah~ cklia k~

migli~ ixyhaf|v nv icfgfz| m~kypz! hz }iaa

hz |dif~ ~ibij|fkg k hgv zi~fkyz igmhmicig|

}f|d zdh~fhd! dhz y~|di~il |di hafigh|fkg k

icfgfz| uhayiz hgl jkg|~fny|il |k |di ~fzi

k hzzycp|fkgz |dh| icfgfzc hgl Fzahc h~i

cy|yhaav itjayzfui'

Fg h >009 Zfz|i~z fg Fzahc pynafjh|fkg!

Hcfgh Ahc~fgf! kgi k |di kyglfgm cicni~z

k h aihlfgm icfgfz| k~mhgfrh|fkg! Lickj~h|fj

Hzzkjfh|fkg k Ck~kjjhg ]kcig! flig|ffil

|di kfjfha! jkgzi~uh|fui! hgl pkaf|fjha Fzahc

hz |di chfg hg|hmkgfz| k hgv icfgfz| p~kbij| fg

|di jkyg|~v' \dfz hzzizzcig| lkiz gk|! dk}iui~!

aihl di~ |k ~i|dfgo di~ pkzf|fkg' Fgz|ihl zdi

oiipz kg ypdkalfgm ygfui~zha uhayiz hgl

}dh| zdi jhaaz |di zkjfkakmfjha pi~zpij|fui kui~

|di ~iafmfkyz kgi2 |di jkaaij|fzyjjiilil fg

|~hgzi~~fgm |di linh|i fg |di pynafj h~igh

~kc |di ~iafmfkyz pkfg| k ufi} |k h zkjfha kgi!

fgzfz|fgm ph~|fjyah~av kg |di lhfav p~knaicz |dh|

}kcig hji! zyjd hz lfuk~ji! pkavmhcv hgl

ufkaigji $Ahc~fgf 89=&'>

]dfai Ahc~fgf ~fmd|av pkfg|z ky| |di

icfgfz|z zyjjizz fg fg|im~h|fgm |di zkjfkakmfjha

pi~zpij|fui fg|k |di aimha jkgz|~yj|fkg k

migli~! |di itjayzfkg k ~iafmfkg ~kc |di

linh|i kg migli~ fzzyiz fz gk| |ighnai' Fg

dfz >00: hggkygjicig| k |di Ehcfav Jkli

hciglcig|! Ofgm Ckdhccil UF z|h|il |dh|

zdh~fhdhgl dychg ~fmd|z h~i |di ~hci}k~o

}f|dfg }dfjd |di hciglcig|z k |di Ehcfav

Jkli h~i |k ni pahjil' \di kfjfha lfzjky~ziz

h||icp| |k ~ijkgjfai Fzahc }f|d icfgfzc fz!

fg hj|! jkyg|i~il nv |di fg|igzffil pkah~f|v

ni|}iig Fzahcfz|z hgl icfgfz|z' ]dfai |di

Fzahcfz|z h~i z|hmi#chghmfgm jkg|~kui~zv kg

migli~ fg k~li~ |k yafaa ph~|fjyah~ pkaf|fjha

hcnf|fkgz! |di icfgfz|z izzig|fhafz| hgl ~fmflav

zijyah~ cihgfgm k |di ~fmd|z k Ck~kjjhg

}kcig fz! fg hj|! ~iirfgm |di linh|i kg migli~

ixyhaf|v fg zijyah~+~iafmfkyz pkah~f|fiz' Fg |dfz

zigzi hgl fg |di ghci k migli~ ixyhaf|v!

icfgfz|z h~i iglk~zfgm |di zhci dkckmigfrfgm

|dizfz |dh| k~fmfgh|il fg |di 869= Ehcfav Jkli

|it|! }dfjd zypp~izzil itfz|fgm akjha cihgfgmz

k ixyf|v zyjd hz ohl }h zfhvh! ~ii~~fgm |k

|di p~hj|fji k ixyf|hnai ~i}h~l k~ dh~l ahnk~

~imh~laizz k migli~' \dfz }hz h zdh~fhd#nhzil

gk|fkg k migli~ byz|fji liuiakpil nv Ck~kjjhg

fxd! k~ by~fzp~yligji! fg |di zky|di~g ~imfkgizpijfhaav'

\di pkz|#fglipiglig| gh|fkghafrh|fkg pkafjv

hgl |di hluig| k |di f~z| 869= Ehcfav Jkli

ail |k |di hnkafzdcig| k ohl }h zfhvh hz h

akjha zdh~fhd#nhzil ~fmd| k~ }kcig! }dfjd

uhayil }kcigz ahnk~ fg |di fial hgl h| dkci

hgl m~hg|il |k dkyzi}fuiz hgl ~y~ha }kcig

}k~ofgm fg hm~fjya|y~i |di ~fmd| |k dha k |di

p~kpi~|v hjjycyah|il ly~fgm h ch~~fhmi' \dfz

fz! fg hj|! h ~fmd| ligfil |k }kcig nv h~|fjai

00< hciglil Ehcfav Jkli ah~miav

nhzil kg |di hzzycp|fkg k h }kchg hz h

ckli~g jkg|~hj|! chofgm di~ hg hy|kgkckyz

jf|frig }f|d h zhah~v fg h k~cha ijkgkcv' \dfz

ygli~z|hglfgm k h zfgmai cihgfgm k ixyhaf|v

fz p~icfzil kg gkgitfz|ig| jkglf|fkgz zyjd hz

fglfuflyhafzc! hy|kgkcv! hjjizz |k ilyjh|fkg!

z|h|i fgz|f|y|fkgz! hgl |di k~cha ijkgkcv

~ilyjiz |di fcpk~|hgji k |di imhaf|h~fhg

fg|ig|fkg k |di >00< Ehcfav Jkli'

H ~ijig| i|dgkm~hpdfj z|ylv fg |di Mdh~n

~imfkg! kgi k |di chbk~ ~y~ha h~ihz fg |di

jkyg|~v! zdk}il |dh| }kcig fafgm jhziz k

lfuk~ji k~ hafckgv ~h~iav zii h ah}vi~ if|di~

nijhyzi |div lk gk| zii |di pkfg| k lkfgm zk

k~ nijhyzi f| fz |kk itpigzfui hgl gk| }k~|d |di

zchaa hafckgv phvcig| |dh| lkiz gk| itjiil

:0 lkaah~z pi~ ckg|d k~ iui~v jdfal' H~|fjai 009' 89=#8=4'

Iglgk|iz


10/17


4

Fg cv p~izig|h|fkg! F }faa kjyz kg kgav kgi

chfg fzzyi jkgji~gfgm }kcigz jf|frigzdfp hgl

~ip~izig|h|fkg fg |di jhzi k F~hg2 }kcigz ~fmd|

|k uk|i' F h~myi |dh| |di afgi k lich~jh|fkg k~

h icfgfz| hmiglhk }dfjd |di ~fmd| |k uk|i fz

h uf|ha ph~|fz gk| l~h}g kg h zfcpafz|fj nfgh~v

ni|}iig zijyah~ ui~zyz ~iafmfkyz zphji' Iuig|z

ly~fgm |di |}ig|fi|d jig|y~v dfz|k~v k F~hgz

zy~hmi ckuicig| p~kufli iufligji k~ cv

jahfc' Nik~i F hll~izz |di iufligji! dk}iui~!

F }faa p~kufli h migi~ha ~hci}k~o k~ cv

h~mycig| yzfgm h i} |dik~i|fjha zyppkzf|fkgz

|dh| F dhui ~ihjdil |d~kymd cv zjdkah~zdfp hgl

hj|fufzc'

Fg ckli~g F~hg! hz fg chgv k|di~ jkyg|~fiz!

|di |~hbij|k~v k migli~ pkaf|fjz hgl |di xyiz|

k~ }kcigz ~fmd|z dhz niig gimk|fh|il }f|dfg

h jkcpait ph|~fh~jdha pk}i~ mhci cilfh|il

nv |di Fzahcfj |~hlf|fkg hgl k|di~ z|~yj|y~ha

zkjfkijkgkcfj hj|k~z' Hgv k~mhgfril ~iafmfkg!

fgjaylfgm Fzahc! fz hz cyjd hnky| pkaf|fjz hgl

pk}i~ hz f| fz hnky| hf|d' Fzahc! afoi k|di~

}k~al ~iafmfkgz! dhz niig yzil hz cyjd! f gk|

ck~i! k~ |di py~pkziz k jkccygf|v#nyfalfgm!

flig|f|v pkaf|fjz! hgl jkg|~ka kui~ fglfuflyhaz

hgl ~imyah|fkg k zkjfi|v hz k~ |di zhoi kzpf~f|yhaf|v hgl |di xyiz| k~ cihgfgm' Zityhaf|v!

fgjaylfgm |di chai#ichai ~iah|fkgzdfp! dhz niig

hckgm |di lkchfgz ckz| fg|fch|iav ~imyah|il

hgl ckgf|k~il nv k~mhgfril ~iafmfkgz fg hackz|

haa |~hlf|fkgha zkjfi|fiz'

]kcigz xyiz| k~ zy~hmi hgl ixyha ~fmd|z

dhz niig hckgm |di nvp~klyj|z k ckli~gf|v

hgl lickj~hjv' \dhgoz |k |di ici~migji k

icfgfz| lfzjky~zi hgl |di }kcigz ckuicig|z!

|di fgf|fhaav chai#jig|i~il jkgjip|fkgz k

ckli~gf|v! lickj~hjv! hgl jf|frigzdfp

m~hlyhaav mhfgil h ck~i imhaf|h~fhg k~fig|h|fkg

igjkcphzzfgm hazk |di ichai dha hgl k|di~

zkjfha m~kypz jkgzfli~il cfgk~f|fiz' \dfz

p~kjizz dhz kaak}il h ~h|di~ zfcfah~ |~hbij|k~v

fg haa zkjfi|fiz fgayigjil nv Zicf|fj ~iafmfkgz!

|dh| fz! Bylhfzc! Jd~fz|fhgf|v! hgl Fzahc'

\di p~izig| lifjf| fg chgv Cyzafc#

chbk~f|v jkyg|~fiz ~imh~lfgm dychg ~fmd|z fg

migi~ha hgl }kcigz ~fmd|z fg ph~|fjyah~! fz!

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11/17


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Lk jiafnh|i }kcig jh~~vfgm ky| |dizi gi}

~iafmfkyz p~hj|fjiz }fzd |k ~i|y~g |k |di jkglf|fkg

k }kcig nik~i |di PZJ; H~i |div kppkzil |k

|di ~fmd|z hf~cil fg |di PZJ; \di PZJ }hz

iahnk~h|il fg |di jkg|it| k h zi~fiz k zkjfha!

pkaf|fjha! hgl jya|y~ha z|~ymmaiz' \di zf|yh|fkg

k }kcig hgl |dif~ ~fmd|z }hz h| |di jig|i~

k ~ik~cfz| |dfgofgm fg \ygfzfh z|h~|fgm fg

84=5 }dig |di kfjfha mkui~gcig| pynafjh|fkg

p~kuflil gi}z kg icfgfzc fg Igmahgl hgl kg

|di }kcigz ckuicig|' Chgkynfh Kyi~|hgf

hgl Dhnfnh Cigjdh~f! }dk fg 86>< hgl 86>6!

~izpij|fuiav! |kko k |dif~ uifaz $jhaail |di zhzh~f

fg \ygfzfh! gfxhniazi}di~i fg |di H~hn }k~al&

fg pynafj fg cii|fgmz k~mhgfril nv E~igjd

zkjfhafz|z $\ygfzfh }hz h E~igjd P~k|ij|k~h|i

z|h~|fgm fg 8448&! nijhci |h~mi|z k zdh~p

pkaicfjz fg |di akjha p~izz! iufligji |dh| |di

}hv fg }dfjd jkakgfha pk}i~ }hz iti~jfzil

jkcpafjh|il |di linh|i kui~ }kcigz jkglf|fkg'

Hckgm |di fg|iaaij|yhaz }dk ph~|fjfph|il fg |dfz

lfzjyzzfkg! Dlf Ahnflf! fg h~|fjaiz hppih~fgm

fg 86>4 fg ziui~ha \ygfzfhg gi}zphpi~z! }hz

|di f~z| |k jhaa ypkg }kcig |k k~mhgfri

|dicziauiz fg hzzkjfh|fkgz |k p~kck|i |dif~ k}g

giilz' Dhnfn Nky~myfnh! bky~ghafz|! ah}vi~

hgl cfaf|hg| hj|fufz| k~ fglipigligji! |kko h

pynafj pkzf|fkg kg |dfz fg 86>6 nv pynafzdfgm

hg h~|fjai fg }dfjd di kppkzil |hofgm k |di

uifa zfgji di jkgzfli~il f| hg fg|im~ha ph~| k

H~hn#Cyzafc flig|f|v'> Hz h pkaf|fjha fmy~i! }hz

di h}h~i k |di |~ih|cig| k }kcig fg zkci

k|di~ Fzahcfj jkyg|~fiz afoi Hri~nhfbhg }di~i!fg ~izpkgzi |k |di yguifafgm jhcphfmg nv |di

Jkccygfz| Ph~|v! }kcig }dk |kko k |di uifa

}i~i pygfzdil! dh~hzzil! hgl! fg ji~|hfg jhziz!

cy~li~il nv |dif~ hcfafiz;

Z|h~|fgm fg |di 86:0z! zkci }kcig! ijdkfgm

|di jkgji~gz ukfjil fg h nkko nv \hdh~ Dhllhl

liuk|il |k |di zf|yh|fkg k }kcig!: k~mhgfril

\di Pi~zkgha Z|h|yz Jkli hgl]kcigz Jiafnhjv fg \ygfzfh

Afafh Ahnflf

P~keizzk~! Hg|d~kpkakmv hgl Pzvjdkakmv! Ygfui~zf|v ke \ygfz

8Phflh~! Ph~ufg' ]kcig hgl |di Pkaf|fjha P~kjizz fg \}ig|fi|d#

Jig|y~v F~hg! Jhcn~flmi2 Jhcn~flmi Ygfui~zf|v P~izz! 8669!

p 55'>Mhgbf! Honh~' Dhaha oh~lhg#i dh~hcdh uh dh~hc oh~lhg#i

dhahadh! > _Chofgm |di k~nfllig pi~cfzzfnai hgl |di

pi~cfzzfnai k~nfllig! ph~| >S jf|il ~kc |di Zhdfid#vi Fchc

$Odkcifgfz Jkaaij|fkg&! Ukayci F! hjjizzil fg Bygi >080 h|2

d||p2++}}}'cfdhg'gi|+gi}z8+fglit'pdp;kp|fkg3jkc[

jkg|ig|%ufi}3h~|fjai%fl3>4582>080#0=#04#85#00#

8:%jh|fl342hggkygjicig||2

Iglgk|iz


13/17


chai icfm~h|fkg? |di ckuicig| k vkygm ~y~ha

}kcig |k hj|k~v }k~o kg |di jkhz|z? hgl

fccfm~h|fkg! nk|d jahgliz|fgi4 hgl aimha! fg|k

Iy~kpi $ck~i |dhg kgi cfaafkg \ygfzfhgz afui

hn~khl! }f|d ck~i |dhg kgi#|ig|d k \ygfzfhg

}kcig hn~khl fg p~kizzfkgha jhphjf|fiz zyjd hz

~izih~jdi~z! h~jdf|ij|z! hgl lkj|k~z& haa k |dizi

zi~fkyzav hij|fgm |di hcfav! }dfjd dhz nijkci

h zf|i k j~fzfz! }f|d zfmgffjhg| fgj~ihziz fg |di

gycni~ k lfuk~jiz! zfgmai#ph~ig| hcfafiz! hgl

fg jiafnhjv'

Zfgji |di 8660z! }i h~i }f|gizzfgm jdhgmiz

fg |di z|~yj|y~i k |di ~imfkgz pkpyah|fkg' Fg

>009! :> pi~jig| k |di ig|f~i pkpyah|fkg fg

|di H~hn }k~al }hz ni|}iig |di hmiz k 89 hgl

>6! ~ip~izig|fgm kui~ 800 cfaafkg pikpai! |di

dfmdiz| ~h|fk k vky|d |k hlya|z fg |di ~imfkgz

dfz|k~v' Hazk! |di ~imfkg jkg~kg|z hg fgj~ihzi

fg vky|d jiafnhjv fg h jkg|it| }di~i hg Fzahcfj

i|dfjz k zityhaf|v ~ichfgz fg k~ji h| |di aiuia

k |di zkjfha fchmfgh|fkg' C' Nh~hoi|6 hgl J'

\h~fh!80 hckgm k|di~ lickm~hpdi~z! h||~fny|il

|}k#|df~lz k |di ~ilyjil gycni~ k nf~|dz fg

\ygfzfh |k fcnhahgjiz fg ch~~fhmi ph||i~gz |dh|

}k~o |k |di li|~fcig| k }kcig' ^' Nihybk|

itpahfgz |dh| fg 8640! dha k lfuk~jil cig

~ich~~fil }di~ihz |dfz }hz |~yi k~ kgav kgi

k zft }kcig' Hllf|fkghaav! chgv \ygfzfhg

cig }k~ofgm hn~khl jdkzi |dif~ \ygfzfhg

n~fliz hckgm cyjd vkygmi~ }kcig k~ ch~~fil

h gkg#Cyzafc hn~khl! }di~ihz }kcig }i~i

yghnai |k jdkkzi h zpkyzi ~kc ky|zfli |dif~

jya|y~ha jkccygf|v'88 P' Eh~myiz pkfg|z |k h

zfcfah~ pdigkcigkg fg Imvp| }di~i fg |di

8660z! >8': pi~jig| k }kcig nk~g fg 86=0}kyal giui~ ch~~v'8>

Fg |dizi jf~jycz|hgjiz! ji~|hfg H~hn z|h|iz

dhui jdkzig |k zi| yp yglz |k zyppk~| hgl

jiain~h|i jkaaij|fui ch~~fhmi' F~hg ~hfzil |di

fzzyi k |icpk~h~v ch~~fhmi hz h zkay|fkg |k

|di pzvjdkakmfjha p~knaicz k vky|d hgl hz

h zkay|fkg k~ pkk~ pikpai' \di \ygfzfhg

Cfgfz|~v k~ ]kcig! |di Ehcfav! Jdfaldkkl!

hgl |di Hmil! dhz niig lfz|~fny|fgm n~kjdy~iz

igjky~hmfgm ch~~fhmi k~ |di phz| i} vih~z'

\dfz dhz |hoig pahji fg h jkg|it| }di~i |di

pi~jig|hmi k ygch~~fil fglfuflyhaz dhz niig

~fzfgm2 ~kc >008 |k >005! |di p~kpk~|fkg k

jiafnhjv hckgm \ygfzfhg }kcig ni|}iig |di

hmiz k :0 hgl :< ~kzi ~kc 8='= pi~jig| |k

:='9 pi~jig|? k~ cig! 90 pi~jig| ni|}iig

|di hmiz k :0 hgl :< h~i ygch~~fil' ]i hazk

zii h ch~oil fgj~ihzi fg hmi h| f~z| ch~~fhmi!

}f|d cigz hui~hmi hmi ~fzfgm ~kc >6'89 |k

:> hgl }kcigz ~kc >:'65 |k >='80 kui~

|di pi~fkl ~kc 8668 |k >00=' Fg >006! |di

\ygfzfhg p~izz ijdkil |di zkjfha chahfzi ~iah|il

|k |dizi pdigkcigh!8: zkci|fciz jhaafgm k~

k~fch~~fhmi hz h }hv |k p~k|ij| |di hcfav

zy~p~fzfgm fg h jkyg|~v }di~i |di z|h|i fz ogk}g

k~ dhufgm jdhcpfkgil }kcigz ~fmd|z fg |di

Pi~zkgha Z|h|yz Jkli'

]dh| fgf|fh|fuiz h~i |di ~imfkgz vky|d

|hofgm fg k~li~ |k liha }f|d |dizi pdigkcigh;

Fg Ck~kjjk! |di Fg|i~gi| hjfaf|h|il ch~~fhmiz

ni|}iig Ck~kjjhg }kcig hgl cig ~kc jakzi

|k >0 jkyg|~fiz! hgl zyjd ch~~fhmiz ~kzi ~kc

hnky| 8!000 fg 866= |k hnky| 5!000 fg >00=' Fg

Imvp|! h gycni~ k ygch~~fil }kcig }~f|fgm

nakmz itpi~figjil zyjd zyjjizz hckgm }in#yzi~z

|dh| pynafzdi~z dhui p~kpkzil pynafzdfgm |dizi

nakmz' Fg >004! Ha#Jdky~kyx pynafzdil |di

jd~kgfjai! Hvrh h|mh}iz$F }hg| |k mi| ch~~fil&

~kc h nakm }~f||ig nv Mdhlh Hnlia#Ha $|y~gil

fg|k h |iaiufzfkg zi~fha |dh| hppih~il ly~fgm

^hchlhg >080&! hgl K~r nf#ahnhg af jdhodzifg

$^fji }f|d cfao k~ |}k& nv îdhn Nhzzhc hckgmk|di~z! nk|d k }dkc dhl niig }~f|fgm |dif~

nakmz zfgji >006

h~myil hmhfgz| |hofgm k |di zhzh~f! jdhgmil dfz

pkzf|fkg fg |di 8690z! jhaafgm ypkg }kcig |k

|hoi |di zhzh~fk'

Hckgm |di ah|i~ ~ik~cz fg|~klyjil nv |di

zijkgl \ygfzfhg îpynafj fg |di 8660z }i~i

h}h~lfgm \ygfzfhg gh|fkghaf|v |k jdfal~ig k h

\ygfzfhg ck|di~ hgl h k~ifmg h|di~! ky|ah}fgm

|di fbnh~ $p~hj|fji k k~jil ch~~fhmiz&! hgl

j~fcfghafrfgm dkgk~ j~fciz fg |di zhci }hv

hz hgv k|di~ k~c k cy~li~' K|di~ ah}z }i~i

hlkp|il fg ~izpkgzi |k p~izzy~i ~kc cig! zyjd

hz |dkzi knafmfgm }kcig }f|d |di ijkgkcfj

cihgz |k lk zk |k zdh~i fg fghgjfha zyppk~|k |di hcfav! iuig }dfai ygixyha fgdi~f|hgji

~fmd|z }i~i chfg|hfgil' Eicfgfz|z fgj~ihzfgmav

jhaail k~ zyzpiglfgm |dfz fgdi~f|hgji p~hj|fji

fg |di p~izig| jkg|it| }di~i zyjd p~hj|fjiz

dhl nijkci lfzj~fcfgh|k~v' H| |di zhci |fci!

h pk~|fkg k |klhvz fg|iaafmig|zfh hgl zijyah~

icfgfz|z! nk|d fg |di Chmd~in hgl fg Iy~kpi!

|fi |di dfbhn |k }kcigz zyncfzzfkg hgl zii

}kcig }dk }ih~ f| hz ~kg|z k~ |di cig }dk

kpp~izz |dic' \di k~fmfgz k zyjd pi~jip|fkgz

mk nhjo |k |di nimfggfgm k |di >0|d jig|y~v

}dig! fg jkakgfha lfzjky~zi! |di uifa }hz ~iah|il

|k zixyiz|~h|fkg k }kcig fg |di dkci! hgl

}dig! hckgm ~ik~cfz|z! }kcig }i~i ziig hz

dhufgm |di z|h|yz k cfgk~z' \klhv |di dfbhn

$hz viz|i~lhv |di gfxhn&! fz zynbij| |k |di pahv

k |dizi k~jiz! chofgm f| lffjya| |k h~myi |dh|

|di gi} }kcig cvz|fjz chv jahfc |k ni |di

aimf|fch|i lizjiglig|z k |di }kcig cfaf|hg|z

k |di 86:0z'

Jiafnhjv2 h gi} ofgl ke zkjfha

ckuicig|

îzih~jd z|ylfiz kui~ ~ijig| vih~z dhui

icpdhzfril |di knz|hjaiz |k ch~~fhmi! hckgm

|dic! |di jkz| k |di }illfgm! ygicpakvcig|!

hgl |di p~fji k dkyzfgm' Chj~k#ijkgkcfjhaav!

}i zii |dh| }di~ihz fg Ck~kjjk fg 8669!

j~ilf|z k~ jkgzyci~ mkklz }i~i nfaafkg

k~ |di f~z| zft ckg|dz k >006'5 Fg \ygfzfh!

}di~ihz zkci 90!000 dkyzidkalz }i~i afufgm

kg j~ilf| fg >00:! |dfz fmy~i ~kzi |k 400!000

fg >004' \k|ha dkyzidkal lin| fg \ygfzfh fg

>004 ~ihjdil 4'> nfaafkg lfgh~z $hpp~ktfch|iav

,5': nfaafkg&! ~kc 9'6 nfaafkg lfgh~z fg >00=!

hg fgj~ihzi k hackz| 080 ~kzi |k ck~i |dhg 800!000lfgh~z pi~ vih~ }di~ihz akjha icpakviiz fg

liakjhafril f~cz ~ihjdil kgav hpp~ktfch|iav

:!000 lfgh~z pi~ vih~! h lfzph~f|v hflil nv |di

~fzfgm ygicpakvcig| ~h|iz |dh| ~ihjdil :0

pi~jig| hckgm ygfui~zf|v m~hlyh|iz' K|di~

z|~fofgm pdigkcigh fgjayli |di icfgfrh|fkg

k hm~fjya|y~i fg ~imfkgz itpi~figjfgm dfmd

>


14/17


Ghrf mi|z ch~~fil }dfai }i jhg|' \dfz p~k|iz|

ckuicig| xyfjoav mhfgil

k~ h z|~foi |dh| |kko pahji fg Ch~jd >080!

dhufgm hz f|z hfc |k pyzd hcfafiz |k ~ilyji |di

jkz| k ch~~fhmi k~ vkygm pikpai'

Gi} }kcig cvz|fjz fg

\ygfzfh

Jkg~kg|fgm h m~k}fgm gycni~ k ch~~fhmiz

ni|}iig \ygfzfhg }kcig hgl k~ifmg cig

:!004 |di ah} }hz jdhgmil |k hlhp| |k |dfz

gi} zkjfi|ha |~igl' Cfgfz|i~fha lij~iiz fg 866:

hgl fg >008 gk akgmi~ ~ixyf~il |dh| jkgui~zfkg

|k Fzahc |hoi pahji nik~i |di Cy|f k |di

^ipynafj! hz dhl niig |di jhzi }f|d lij~iiz fg

86=:' K|di~ }kcig! yzyhaav }iaa#ilyjh|il!

fgz|f|y|il p~hj|fjiz |dh| ~ijhaail |di hzji|fj afi#

z|vai hgl ji~|hfg p~hj|fjiz k }kcig cvz|fjz fg

|di ih~av pi~fkl k Fzahc $rydl&! }f|d }kcig

jiafnh|iz }ih~fgm |di dfbhn hgl igmhmfgm fg

hz|fgm hgl p~hvi~z' Ny| }di~ihz }i cfmd|

jhaa |dizi }kcig gi} cvz|fjz! |div h~i hazk

lfi~ig| ~kc |di ih~afi~ cvz|fjz2 |div h~i gk|

~ijayzfui! hgl |dif~ jiafnhjv fz gk| h ~izya| k

|dif~ liafni~h|i jdkfji'

Fg hllf|fkg! }i zii |dh| zkci k |dif~

p~hj|fjiz h~i ~iah|il |k p~fuh|i ~f|yhaz! zyjd hz

ha#Kxzzh $jkui~fgm |di dhf~ }f|d h ~fnnkg! |k

~ip~izz |di fgz|fgj|z& hgl ha#\hzfd$h ~f|yha fg

|}k z|hmiz }f|d |di f~z| fgukaufgm zhj~ffji!

}di~i |di vkygm mf~a fz |hymd|! hjjk~lfgm |k

|di af||ai |~hlf|fkg! |k ni ckliz| hgl hnz|hfg

~kc zityha ~iah|fkgz nik~i ch~~fhmi! hgl |dizijkgl z|hmi ~iui~zfgm |di f~z| hgl p~iph~fgm

|di mf~a k~ ch~~fhmi&' ]kcig jkui~ |dif~ dhf~

fg chgv lfi~ig| zkjfi|fiz hgl! fg hg Fzahcfj

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ckliz|v! zkci|dfgm |dh| hg hg|d~kpkakmfjha

hgl pzvjdkhghav|fj hpp~khjd chv diap yz |k

ygli~z|hgl' 8< I' Aihjd ziiz h ~iah|fkg ni|}iig

pynafj itp~izzfkg hgl p~fuh|i ck|fuh|fkg fg

|di pdhaafj jdh~hj|i~ k dhf~'89 Ek~ J' Ni~m!

|di p~hj|fjiz ~iah|fgm |k dhf~ ~ip~izig| hg

fg|~hpzvjdfj z|~ymmai ni|}iig fgz|fgj| l~fuiz

$migf|ha hgl p~i#migf|ha& hgl |di ik~|z k |di

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lfzpahjil yp}h~lz |k |di zkjfhaav ufzfnai dhf~ k

|di dihl hgl hji'85

\di jkgjip| k kui~#jkgk~cf|v hz f|

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hg ygch~~fil z|h|i! l~h}z ~kc |~hlf|fkgz! |di

m~ih| hgl |di af||ai! h gi} cihgfgm' Fg|i~ufi}z

F dhui jh~~fil ky|! ni|}iig >004 hgl >080!

}f|d ilyjh|il }kcig k lfi~ig| zkjfha cfafiy

hmil ni|}iig >5 hgl :

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jkg|ig| ~kc |dkzi k }kcig fg |di 86=0z hgl

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fz jkg|~kaail! h p~fuh|fril Fzahc' \dif~ kui~#

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nv A' Dizzfgf |dh| zdk}z! k~ Ck~kjjhg }kcig!

|dh| |di uifa fz h p~k|ij|fkg hmhfgz| ghoilgizz!

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i|dfjz ~ixyf~il k |dif~ migli~ fg |di Cyzafc

k~li~' Hazk! |di dfbhn fgj~ihziz h }kchgz

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|di gk|fkg k |di ygjdhgmfgm! i|i~gha ichai

hgl di~ hzzkjfh|il |~hlf|fkgha ~kaiz! zi~ufgm

|k zynui~| |dizi jkguig|fkgz'84 C' Ghzzi~

zymmiz|z! fg hllf|fkg! |dh| }kcig }ih~ |di

dfbhnnijhyzi |div giil |k fgl zkay|fkgz |k gi}

p~izzy~iz pahjil ypkg |dic maknhaav! fgjaylfgm

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}kcigz py~zyf| k zia#lifgf|fkg! liuiakpcig|

hgl pk}i~ gimk|fh|fkgz! }f|dfg |di p~km~izzfui

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\di gi} }kcig cvz|fjz zhv |dh| |dizi

gi} p~hj|fjiz mfui |dic zia#jkg|~ka hgl haak}

|dic nk|d |k hukfl fzkah|fkg hgl |k |hoi

ph~| fg |di afi k |dif~ jkccygf|v' Hz Zhnh

>5

8\di Jkgz|~yj|fkg k Flig|f|v hgl |di ^ik~cyah|fkg k

Dylyl' P~iph~il k~ |di Jig|i~ k~ Cfllai Ihz| Z|ylfiz!

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Ch~jd >080! hgl h| |di jkgi~igji kg Lijkakgfrh|fkg!

Ckli~gfrh|fkg hgl Liuiakpcig| fg |di Cfllai Ihz| hgl

Gk~|d H~fjh hgl Nivkgl2 Gi} Z|ylfiz fg |di Dkyzidkal

hgl |di Ch~oi|! k~mhgfril fg Hp~fa >080 nv Jdhg|ha

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hz#zfvh~ af#acyghldfahh| h|#|ygfzfvhh|! 8448#8695

$Nfkm~hpdfjha Lfj|fkgh~v k \ygfzfhg ]kcig Cfaf|hg|z&'

\ygfz2 Fcp~fci~fi \ygfz Jh~|dhmi! >006'9Nafaf! Aifah' Dfz|kf~i li hcfaaiz' Ch~fhmiz! ~ipylfh|fkgz i| ufi

xyk|flfiggi \ygfz! 84=9 86:0' \ygfz2 Zj~fp|! 8666' H|

|di igl k |di 86|d jig|y~v! kgav 8> hcfafiz k 8:9 z|ylfil

}i~i fg zyjd h z|h|yz! hgl kgav ky~ k |dizi fgukauil

ygbyz|feil pkavmhcv'5Ck~i |dhg |d~ii k ky~ Ck~kjjhgz dhui kgi k~ |}k lin|z

|k aiglfgm fgz|f|y|fkgz! kgi k eui dhz ck~i |dhg |}k! hgl

kgi k |d~ii! h|i~ phvfgm dfz+di~ lin|z! dhz kgav :0) k

zhah~v ~ichfgfgm' $}}}'Ai Ch|fg'ch' Zy~igli||icig| liz

cghmiz' Zkcciz#gkyz ph~mgz;! 6 Chv >080&'=H z|ylv jh~~fil ky| fg Chv >006 nv |di K~mhgfzh| fkg li

Ligzi ly Jkgzkcch|iy~ hckgm =00 \ygfzfhgz |d~kymdky|

|di jkyg|~v! zdk}z |dh| h chbk~f|v k hcfafiz liuk|iz h

chbk~ pk~|fkg k |dif~ nylmi|z |k |di phvcig| k lin|z'

Ck~i |dhg 49) dhui niig fglin|il h| aihz| kgji fg |dif~

afuiz! 00=' Uka' =' Fzzyi : 2 :>6#:5:6Nh~hoi|! Ckdhchl' Aukay|fkg ~jig|i li ah gyp|fhaf| i|

li ah jkglf| ig \ygfzfi! 8655#86=9' Hj|iz ly Jkaakxyi

li Lckm~hpdfi lHnflbhg! Bhgyh~v 86=6'80\h~fh! Jdilaf' Xyiaxyiz hzpij|z zy~ ah zf|yh|fkg

lckm~hpdfxyi li ah \ygfzfi i| li zkg ukay|fkg hy jky~z

liz li~gf~iz hggiz' Lkjycig| p~zig| ak~z li ah

Jkg~igji zy~ ah jkglf| i| ai luiakppicig| jkgkcfxyi'

\ygfz! Gkuicni~ 864>'88Nihybk|! ^kli~fj' Afn~h|fkg li ah icci i| ch~jd

ch|~fckgfha ig \ygfzfi' Pkpyah|fkg! G 000'8:Linh| lhgz aiz bky~ghyt |ygfzfigz $Ai \icpz! ljicn~i

>006? Ah P~izzi! Bhgyh~v >080&'8

gk' 8Ahnflf! Afafh' hn~h Dhjdch' Zityhaf| i| \~hlf|fkg' \ygfz 2

Lh~ Iggh}~hz! 8646'

Iglgk|iz

Chdckkl dhz zdk}g!>0 |dizi gi} p~hj|fjiz

mfui }kcig h gi} hy|kgkcv fg h zf|yh|fkg

}di~i! |~hlf|fkghaav! }kcig dhl gk zkjfha z|h|yz

}f|dky| phzzfgm |d~kymd ch~~fhmi! jdfalnf~|d!

|di nf~|d k h nkv! hgl dfz jf~jycjfzfkg' >8 ]f|d

|dfz m~kyp k gi} }kcig cvz|fjz! }i h~i fg

|di p~izigji k! fg Ekyjhyalfhg |i~cz! }kcig

}dk choi |dif~ nklfiz h uidfjai k pk}i~ hgl h

cihgz k lfzzig|' Hgl! hmhfgz| haa itpij|h|fkgz!

|dizi }kcig p~izig| |dicziauiz hz liigli~z k

|di ckli~gf|v jkg|hfgil fg |di Pi~zkgha Z|h|yz

Jkli hgl! hz h jk~kaah~v! fg |dif~ ~iuka| hmhfgz|

jk~~yp|fkg! lkcfgh|fkg! hgl |di fcpk~|hgji

h}h~lil |k ch|i~fha afi kui~ zpf~f|yha afi! |div

fguig| h gi} ichgjfph|k~v migli~ }dfjd ~ibkfgz

|di icfgfz| p~fgjfpai |dh| |di pi~zkgha fz nk|d

p~fuh|i hgl pkaf|fjha'


15/17


ni iij|fui' \di ahjo k aimfzah|fkg p~kck|fgm

}kcigz p~izigji fg ph~afhcig| hazk itpahfgz

|dif~ jkg|fgyil ch~mfghafrh|fkg'

Kgav kgi fg iui~v |}k }kcig fg |di H~hn

}k~al fz af|i~h|i' Hz h ~izya|! |dif~ kui~haa pkaf|fjha

h}h~igizz fz xyf|i ak}' Ck~ikui~! ~ihj|fkgh~v

k~jiz ziio |k itjayli }kcig ~kc |di pynafj

hgl pkaf|fjha zpdi~iz! hgl chgv jy~~ig| pkaf|fjha

~imfciz p~kck|i |dizi jkgzi~uh|fui iaicig|z'

P~fk~ |k ygffjh|fkg! h ah~mi gycni~ k bylmiz

fg Zky|d Vicig }i~i }kcig! ny| zfgji |di

ygffjh|fkg jkgzi~uh|fui k~jiz! p~fch~fav ~kc

|di Gk~|d! dhui ~ihppkfg|il |dizi }kcig

|k jai~fjha pkzf|fkgz' \di ph|~fh~jdha pkaf|fjha

iguf~kgcig| fz gk| huk~hnav fgjafgil |k}h~l

ixyha ph~|fjfph|fkg fg |di pynafj zpdi~i' \dfz}hz lickgz|~h|il fg Oy}hf| fg >005! }di~i

ha|dkymd }kcig }i~i hnai |k uk|i k~ |di f~z|

|fci fg |di iaij|fkgz! gk| h zfgmai }kchg }kg h

ph~afhcig|h~v zih|' Fg |di ck~i ~ijig| iaij|fkgz

k >006! dk}iui~! ky~ }kcig hluhgjil |k |di

Oy}hf|f ph~afhcig|'

\di lfzcha z|h|i k H~hn ijkgkcfiz hazk

z|~yj|y~iz }kcigz hjjizz |k |di pynafj zpdi~i'

Hz z|hglh~lz k afufgm jkg|fgyi |k lijafgi

hj~kzz |di ~imfkg hgl ygicpakvcig| ~h|iz h~i

kg |di ~fzi! }kcig h~i nijkcfgm yghnai |k

hk~l |di ilyjh|fkg gijizzh~v |k igdhgji |dif~

zkjfha hgl dychg jhpf|ha' Zfgji >009! |di Y'Z'

Z|h|i Liph~|cig|z Cfllai Ihz| Ph~|gi~zdfp

Fgf|fh|fui $CIPF& dhz haakjh|il ziui~ha cfaafkgz

k lkaah~z hfcil h| fgj~ihzfgm h}h~igizz hckgm

}kcig fg |di ~imfkg! izpijfhaav fg jkyg|~fiz afoi

Ck~kjjk }f|d h pkpyah|fkg |dh| dhz jakzi |k =0

pi~jig| faaf|i~hjv ~h|i' ^hfzfgm h}h~igizz hckgm

Ck~kjjhg }kcig }hz! hgl z|faa ~ichfgz! hjkgzfli~hnai jdhaaigmi' \di fcpilfcig|z |k

cihgfgmya migli~ ~ip~izig|h|fkg h~i lfzakjh|il

gk| kgav fg |di pkaf|fjha ~ihaf|fiz k |di ~imfkg

ny| hazk fg |di ijkgkcfj! jya|y~ha! hgl ~iafmfkyz

lkmchz'

F }kyal gk} afoi |k ~iufi} |di zyjjizziz hz

|di ~imfkg dhz hazk }f|gizzil zkci zfmgffjhg|

mhfgz' \di ~ik~c k |di Cylh}}hgh fg

Ck~kjjk fz kgi k |di ik~|z }i dfmdafmd| hgl

hppahyl hz h jkgzfli~hnai ufj|k~v' ]dh| }i jhg

aih~g k~ |hoi h}hv ~kc |di Ck~kjjhg jhzi fz

h ni||i~ ygli~z|hglfgm k dk} |dkzi ~ik~cz

}i~i ighj|il' Fg |dfz fgz|hgji! kgi cyz| akko h|

|di ~kai k fg|i~gh|fkgha p~izzy~i! h jkccf||il

ckgh~jdv! |di n~fgmfgm kg nkh~l k |di

~iafmfkyz iz|hnafzdcig|! hgl hazk hj|fui }kcigz

ph~|fjfph|fkg fg hlukjh|fgm hgl p~kck|fgm hgl

lichglfgm ~ik~cz fg |di Cylh}}hgh' Nik~i

|di phzzhmi k zynz|hg|fha ~ik~cz! }kcigz

hjjizz |k pynafj afi }hz hij|il nv |di p~hj|fji

k myh~lfhgzdfp' ]kcig giilil |di hpp~kuha

k |dif~ chai aimha myh~lfhgz nik~i |div jkyal

aimhaav }k~o! |~huia! k~ h||igl ygfui~zf|v' \diCylh}}hghah}z hazk zyppk~|il |di fgz|f|y|fkg

k pkavmhcv! hgl }kcig dhl ui~v i} ~fmd|z

|k fgf|fh|i lfuk~ji' \di k~ha lfuk~ji ~ichfgil

jkcckg hgl h chbk~ |d~ih| |k }kcigz

hluhgjicig|'

Fg >00:#>00

}i~i m~hg|il kgi k |di ckz| migi~kyz ~ik~c

phjohmiz fg |di H~hn }k~al' ]fuiz ly|v |k kniv

|dif~ dyznhglz }hz hnkafzdil! hgl nk|d zpkyziz

}i~i chli ~izpkgzfnai k~ |dif~ dkyzidkalz hgl

hcfafiz' Zijkgl! }kcig gk akgmi~ ~ixyf~il |di

pi~cfzzfkg k h chai aimha myh~lfhg |k ch~~v'

\di cfgfcyc ch~~fhmi hmi }hz ~hfzil |k 84!

hgl pkavmhcv }hz zynz|hg|fhaav ~iz|~fj|il' Hgl!

|df~l! lfuk~ji }hz chli ihzfi~ k~ }kcig!

}dfai cig jkyal gk akgmi~ lfuk~ji |d~kymd

|di p~kgygjfh|fkg k |hahx! |di Fzahcfj |i~c

k~ lfuk~ji nv ~ipylfh|fkg! z|~fj|av h chai

p~i~kmh|fui' \dizi mhfgz k~ }kcig dhui niig

it|~hk~lfgh~fav uhayhnai hgl h~i ziig hz zkcik |di ckz| afni~ha ~ik~cz k~ }kcig fg |di

~imfkg hgl hz h cklia |k icyah|i iazi}di~i'

Dk}iui~! Ck~kjjk hazk zi~uiz hz h

jaih~ ithcpai k h jkyg|~v |dh| ahjoz |di

gijizzh~v aiuiaz k lickj~hjv! ~yai k ah}!

fgz|f|y|fkghafrh|fkg! hgl dychg liuiakpcig|

|k iij|fuiav fcpaicig| |dizi ~ik~cz' Ek~

Fg |dfz lfzjyzzfkg k |di pi~zkgha z|h|yz ~imfci

fg |di H~hn }k~al! F zdhaa akko h| }kcigz

~ip~izig|h|fkg! ~ik~c! hgl pkzzfnfaf|fiz k

~ik~c! fg hllf|fkg |k hghavrfgm |di hj|k~z |dh|

chv k~ jkg|fgyi |k fgdfnf| |di hluhgjicig|

k }kcig' \k nimfg }f|d! F }faa mfui h n~khl

kui~ufi} k |di z|h|yz k }kcig fg |di H~hn

~imfkg' ]dig }i akko h| |di z|h|yz k }kcig fg

|di H~hn }k~al! |di~i h~i zi~fkyz p~knaicz hgl

hazk zkci hluhgjicig|' Ef~z| F zdhaa dfmdafmd|

|di jy~~ig| p~knaicz fg |di ~imfkg hgl |dig

akko h| |di hluhgjicig|z'

]kcig fg |di H~hn }k~al |klhv igbkv

|di zchaaiz| zdh~i k ph~afhcig|h~v zih|z

}k~al}fli' \div kjjypv kgav 6'9 pi~jig| k haa

ph~afhcig|h~v zih|z hz jkcph~il |k 84'4 pi~jig|

fg Zyn#Zhdh~hg H~fjh hgl 84'9 pi~jig| fg Hzfh'

]kcig kjjypv ky~ k 8>4 zih|z fg Ainhgkg!

ziuig k 880 zih|z k |di ak}i~ dkyzi fg Bk~lhg!

ifmd| k 008 |dh| ichai icpakviiz itjiilil chai

icpakviiz fg ck~i |dhg >9 ili~ha fgz|f|y|fkgz'

Fg |k|ha! |di~i }i~i 85!>>: }k~oi~z }dk }i~i

}kcig hgl kgav 6!984 icpakviiz }dk }i~i

cig'

\dizi hluhgjicig|z h~i gk|i}k~|dv ny|

gk|fjihnai lifjfigjfiz z|faa akkc ah~mi' \di

afcf|il p~izigji k }kcig fg ph~afhcig|

dhz ~hfzil jkgji~gz hckgm knzi~ui~z hgl

pkafjvchoi~z hafoi' Imvp|z Hc~ Ckyzzh! |di

Zij~i|h~v#Migi~ha k |di H~hn Aihmyi! k~

ithcpai! dhz zymmiz|il |dh| }kcigz z|h|yz fg

|di H~hn }k~al }faa fcp~kui kgav }dig |div

dkal p~kcfgig| lijfzfkg#chofgm pkzf|fkgz' Fg

Ck~kjjk! }kcigz ph~afhcig|h~v ph~|fjfph|fkg

dhz|igil |di hlkp|fkg k |di Ehcfav Jkli k

>00

\d~kymdky| |di ~imfkg! H~hn }kcig hj|fui

fg pkaf|fjha afi h~i gk| jkg|ig| }f|d |di z|h|yz

xyk' Dk}iui~! ckz| }kcig lk gk| zii |di

k~cha aimfzah|fui p~kjizz hz h ufhnai uidfjai |k

fcp~kui |dif~ jkglf|fkg' Zft|v#ifmd| pi~jig| k

}kcig cicni~z k ph~afhcig| h~i lfzzh|fzfil

}f|d |di jy~~ig| aiuia k }kcigz pkaf|fjha

ph~|fjfph|fkg! hgl 40 pi~jig| k }kcig hj|fui

fg pynafj afi jahfc |dh| |div jkyal hjjkcpafzd

|dif~ mkhaz }f|dky| dhufgm |k ph~|fjfph|i fg |di

k~cha pkaf|fjha p~kjizz'

Ziui~ha pkaf|fjha! ch|i~fha! hgl jya|y~ha

jkglf|fkgz jkg|fgyi |k z|fai }kcigz ~fmd|z fg

|di ~imfkg' Ek~ fgz|hgji! pkaf|fjha ph~|fiz ~ichfg

}iho hgl fgiij|yha! |di~inv ~ilyjfgm |dif~

fcphj| kg pkafjv' \di ~yai k ah}! |kk! ~ichfgz

}iho fg |di H~hn }k~al! hgl |dkymd zkci

ah}z myh~hg|iifgm }kcigz ph~|fjfph|fkg fg |di

pynafj zpdi~i itfz|! |div giil |k ni igk~jil |k

>4

Hchgiv Bhcha

P~keizzk~! Liph~|cig| ke Pkaf|fjz! P~fgji|kg Ygfui~zf|v

Hghavrfgm ^iek~c Zyjjizziz hglEhfay~iz2 \di Pi~zkgha Z|h|yz ^imfcifg |di H~hn ]k~al


16/17


}f|d h ck~i Fzahcfjhaav jk~~ij| ah}' \dyz!

Ck~kjjk fz hg fcpk~|hg| jhzi |k hghavri fg

|i~cz k fg|i~p~i|fgm dk} lickj~h|fj kpigfgmz

haak}il k~ |dizi zkjfi|ha liafni~h|fkgz hgl |k

ygli~z|hgl dk} |di ~iafmfkyz iz|hnafzdcig| }hz

l~hmmil kg nkh~l |di ~ik~c p~kbij|'

Pi~zkgha z|h|yz ah}z h~i nv h~ |di nfmmiz|

jdhaaigmi |k }kcigz hluhgjicig| fg |di

~imfkg' \di p~knaic fz |}k#kal' Kg |di kgi

dhgl! |di ~iafmfkyzav#nhjoil pi~zkgha z|h|yz

jkliz k~ hcfav ah} pi~zkgha z|h|yz zvz|ic

ygli~jy|z zyppaicig| zijyah~ ah}z |dh| |~ih|

}kcig hz zynbij|z k |dif~ chai ~iah|fuiz' \dfz

p~kck|iz ph|~fh~jdha z|~yj|y~iz |dh| }kcig

dhui nijkci ~iafhg| kg hgl digji ypdkal |di

ui~v fgz|f|y|fkgz |dh| jkg|fgyi |k ligv |dic

ixyha kk|fgm' Zkci fcp~kuicig|z! fgjaylfgm

|dkzi |k |di ~yai k ah}! mkkl mkui~ghgji!

hgl |di itphgzfkg k lickj~hjv cfmd| aihl

|k h ni||i~ zf|yh|fkg k~ }kcig' ]f|dfg |di

jkg|it| k |di H~hn }k~al! p~kck|fgm mkkl

mkui~gcig|! ni||i~ ~yai k ah}! hgl ni||i~

itphgzfkg k lickj~hjv cfmd| ighnai h ni||i~

fcpaicig|h|fkg k |di itfz|fgm |di ~iafmfkyzav#

nhjoil pi~zkgha z|h|yz ~imfci! k~ }dh| F jhaa |di

zdh~fhd~imfci'

\di pi~zkgha z|h|yz ah}z |dicziauiz giil

|k ni ~ik~cyah|il fg }hvz |dh| haak} k~ |di

jkcph|fnfaf|v k Fzahc }f|d |di p~fgjfpaiz k

ixyhaf|v ni|}iig cig hgl }kcig' \di lkgk~

jkccygf|v fg |di ]iz| fz h| hg kui~}diacfgm

lfzhluhg|hmi fg lihafgm }f|d |dizi ch||i~z'

\dizi fzzyiz h~i jkgzfli~il |k ni Fzahcfj!

lkciz|fj! fglfmigkyz! hgl |di~ik~i p~k|ij|il

~kc k~ifmg fg|i~uig|fkg' Hz zyjd! pi~zkghaz|h|yz ah}z giil |k ni liha| }f|d kg |di aiuia

k |di akmfj |dh| l~fuiz |dif~ aimf|fchjv }f|dfg

zkjfi|fiz' Nijhyzi itfz|fgm jkgzi~uh|fui Fzahcfj

fg|i~p~i|h|fkgz fgzpf~i |di itfz|fgm pi~zkgha

z|h|yz ah}z! |di nhzfz k ~ik~ch|fkg zdkyal hazk

ni akjh|il fg Fzahcfj p~hj|fji! by~fzp~yligji!

hgl ~h|fkghai' \di jkg|fgyil ~iaimh|fkg k

Fzahcfj fg|i~p~i|h|fkg |k jkgzi~uh|fui zij|k~z k

H~hn hgl Cyzafc zkjfi|fiz dhz hgl jkg|fgyiz |k

zi~fkyzav lfzhluhg|hmi }kcig'

]f|dky| h jkgz|~yj|fui hgl cihgfgmya }hv

|k hll~izz |di fzzyi k Fzahc hgl by~fzp~yligji!

|di z|h|yz k H~hn }kcig }faa jkg|fgyi |k ahm

nidfgl |di ~fmd|z k }kcig iazi}di~i fg |di

}k~al' \di itfz|fgm zf|yh|fkg fg H~hn zkjfi|fiz!

fg }dfjd Fzahcfj by~fzp~yligji ~ifgk~jiz |di

fgi~fk~f|v k }kcig! fz fg lf~ij| kppkzf|fkg

|k |di i|dkz k |di Xy~hg! }dfjd ~ijkmgfriz

|di ixyhaf|v k |di migli~z fg ziui~ha ui~ziz'

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pi~zkgha z|h|yz ah}z jkg|fgyi |k ~iav kg |di

ckz| jkgzi~uh|fui hgl lfzpy|il hjjkyg|z k

ichai |~ih|cig| fg |di |~hlf|fkg k dhlf|d!

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f| cfmd| ni |k }kcig'

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}kcig! hgl ha|dkymd |di~i h~i fgliil chgv

p~k|ij|fkgz k~ }kcig fg |di pi~zkgha z|h|yz

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k~cyah|fkgz h~i zpijfhaav akjh|il fg ah}z |dh|

myfli ch~~fhmi! lfuk~ji! hgl jdfal jyz|klv' F| fz

fcpk~|hg| |k gk|i |dh| |di pi~zkgha z|h|yz ah}z

h~i gk| ckgkaf|dfj hj~kzz z|h|iz nijhyzi |di~i

fz fgliil uh~fh|fkg hj~kzz Cyzafc z|h|iz hgl

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hnai |k jkgufgji |dkzi }dk dial lfzj~fcfgh|k~v

pi~zkgha z|h|yz ah}z |dh| |di Fzahcfj nhzfz k~

~h|fkghai nidfgl zyjd aimfzah|fkg }hz hya|v'

\hofgm kg |di Fzahcfj fg|i~p~i|h|fkgz |dh| k~c

pi~zkgha z|h|yz ah}z dhz p~kuig zyjjizzya |k

}kcig'

ithcpai! f| fz |~yi |dh| iuig }f|d |di gi}

~iufzfkg k |di Cylh}}hgh! }kcig }faa dhui

i} aimha jdhggiaz |k iti~jfzi |dif~ gi} ~fmd|z

zfgji |di ~yai k ah} fg Ck~kjjk fz }iho hgl

|di aimha zvz|ic ~h|di~ lvzygj|fkgha' ]f|d

ck~i |dhg |}k#|df~lz k Ck~kjjkz }kcig

faaf|i~h|i! ogk}ailmi k |di Cylh}}hgh

jdhgmiz fz gk| }flizp~ihl' \di itj~yjfh|fgm

pkui~|v k Ck~kjjhg cig hgl }kcig chv

}iaa afcf| |di nigif| k |dfz gi} ah}' \di

~iufzil Cylh}}hgh fz |di ckz| p~km~izzfui

fxd#nhjoil hcfav ah} fg |di ~imfkg hgl fgliil

fg |di Cyzafc }k~al'

\di ~ik~cz |k |di Cylh}}hgh }i~i

pkzzfnai nijhyzi k |d~ii fg|i~~iah|il hj|k~z2

}kcigz jfufa zkjfi|v hj|fufzc! fg|i~gh|fkghafgayigji! hgl |di jkccf|cig| k |di ckgh~jdv

|k }k~o }f|d |di ~iafmfkyz iz|hnafzdcig| k~ h|

aihz| jki~ji |di ~iafmfkyz iz|hnafzdcig| |k hlkp|

|di ~ik~cz' ]kcigz m~kypz ici~mil fg |di

86=0z hgl 8640z |k lichgl |dif~ ~fmd|z hgl jhaa

k~ ~ik~c k itfz|fgm Cylh}}hghah}z! }dfjd

jyacfgh|il fg |di 8660z cfaafkg zfmgh|y~iz

jhcphfmg hmhfgz| |di itfz|fgm Cylh}}hgh'

Zkci hluhgjiz }i~i chli ygli~ Ofgm Dhzzhg

FF! }dk fg 866> zfmgil hg ih~afi~ ui~zfkg k |di

>00: ~ik~cz |dh| fcp~kuil }kcigz z|h|yz

ny| iaa zdk~| k }kcigz itpij|h|fkgz' \di

pyzd k~ ~ik~c jkg|fgyil! hgl fg 8669 |di

Ofgm iafcfgh|il |di ~ixyf~icig| |dh| }kcig

dhui |dif~ myh~lfhgz zfmgh|y~i |k kn|hfg h

phzzpk~|' Fg 8666! }kcig hmhfg cknfafril |k

lichgl hllf|fkgha ~ik~cz' Ofgm Cydhcchl

UF! }dk! fg hj|! zyppk~|il |di ~ik~cz! dhl |k

}f|dl~h} aimha liafni~h|fkg h| |di |fci lyi |k

pkpyah~ kppkzf|fkg |k Fzahcfz| ckuicig|z' Hzpkaf|fjha afni~hafrh|fkg fg |di ofgmlkc haak}il

k~ p~kpkgig|z k }kcigz ~ik~c jkg|fgyil

zphji |k hluhgji |dif~ hmiglh! zk |kk! lfl f|

haak} k~ fgj~ihzfgm Fzahcfj hj|fufzc hmhfgz| |di

~ik~cz'

\di ~iafmfkyz iz|hnafzdcig|! }dfjd dhl k~

|di ckz| ph~| m~k}g ck~i hj|fui fg pkaf|fjha

hgl zkjfha afi ly~fgm afni~hafrh|fkg! kpigav

jhcphfmgil hmhfgz| |di p~kpkzil jdhgmiz fg

|di Cylh}}hgh' \di Ck~kjjhg Aihmyi k

Yahch! hg kfjfha z|h|i nklv! lijah~il |dh| |di

pahg }kyal ygli~cfgi Fzahcfj by~fzp~yligji!

akkzig ck~haz fg |di ofgmlkc! liz|~kv |di

zhgj|f|v k ch~~fhmi! hgl choi f| ck~i lffjya|

k~ cig |k ch~~v! h pkzf|fkg zyppk~|il nv |di

Cfgfz|~v k Fzahcfj Hhf~z' Nk|d Fzahcfz| m~kypz

fg Ck~kjjk! |di Byz|fji hgl Liuiakpcig|

Ph~|v $PBL& hgl |di Byz|fji hgl Jdh~f|v Ph~|v!

h||hjoil |di ~ik~c phjohmi hz hg Hci~fjhg

fcpi~fhafz| jkgzpf~hjv lizfmgil |k liz|~kv

Fzahcfj jya|y~i'

Giui~|diaizz! |di Ofgm p~izzil |di ~ik~cz'

Di dhl zfmghail dfz zvcph|dv k~ fcp~kufgm

}kcigz pkzf|fkg fg 8666 fg h zpiijd }dig di

hzoil! Dk} jhg }i itpij| |k hjdfiui p~km~izz

hgl p~kzpi~f|v }dig }kcig! }d

islamic feminism and beyond the new frontier

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