feminism movement

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The following was written in 1963. “The problem … is taking a far greater toll on the physical and mental health of our country than any known disease.” What was the greatest problem in the U.S. in 1963 that was, “taking a far greater toll on the physical and mental health” of the As you know, the U.S. experienced many social and political difficulties in the 1960s.

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Page 1: Feminism Movement

The following was written in 1963. “The problem … is taking a far greater toll on the physical and mental health of our country than any known disease.”

What was the greatest problem in the U.S. in 1963 that was, “taking a far greater toll on the physical and mental health” of the U.S. than any known disease?  Defend your answer.

As you know, the U.S. experienced many social and political difficulties in the 1960s.

Page 2: Feminism Movement

“The problem that has no name (which is simply the fact that American women are kept from growing to their full human capacities) is taking a far greater toll on the physical and mental health of our country than any known disease.”

- Betty Friedan, “The Feminine Mystique” 1963.

Page 3: Feminism Movement

What issues were important to the Feminism Movement in the U.S., and what obstacles did the Movement face?

Essential Question

Page 4: Feminism Movement

First Phase (1820s-1920s)Fighting de jure inequalities

Interbellum (1930s-1950s)

Second Phase (1960s-1980s)Fighting de facto inequalities

Third Phase (1990-present)Fighting global inequalities

Feminism in the U.S.

Page 5: Feminism Movement

English Law, 1765“In marriage husband and wife are

one person, and that person is the husband...”

Page 6: Feminism Movement

Massachusetts Bay Colony Women’s Legal Position

– Property and possessions she owned before marriage became her husband’s and property she inherited after her marriage passed directly to her husband.

– Wages she earned were his. – In the event of a divorce, he had

custody of their children. – She could not sign a business contract. – She could not sue anyone. – She could not be sued by anyone. – Her husband had to pay all her debts. – If she committed a crime, she was

punished for it.

Page 7: Feminism Movement

“Women’s Work”Women were expected to do the “skilled labor” jobs around the home

• gardening

• canning

• cooking

• cleaning

• tending children

Page 8: Feminism Movement

Nineteenth Amendment, 1920Section 1: The right of citizens of the United States to vote shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by any State on account of sex.

Section 2: The Congress shall have power to enforce this article by appropriate legislation.

1820s-1920sFirst Wave of Feminism

Focused on promotion of equal contract, marriage, parenting, and property rights for women

Page 9: Feminism Movement

Interbellum1930s

At this time members of the families had more traditional roles where fathers worked, mothers stayed at home to raise the family and children went to school.

Page 10: Feminism Movement

The traditional roles changed at the start of the Second World War.

InterbellumWorld War II

Page 11: Feminism Movement

Mainstream America tried to return to the “traditional roles.”

Interbellum1950s

Page 12: Feminism Movement

The movement for women’s rights had many different names: the women’s liberation movement, the feminist movement, and the equal rights movement.

Core belief of the women’s liberation movement was feminism—the conviction that women and men should be equal in society, politics, and economics.

Feminists cheered the passage of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, which banned discrimination in employment.

Still, fighting gender-based discrimination was given low priority.

Second Wave of Feminism1960s-1980s

Page 13: Feminism Movement

Second Wave of Feminism1960s-1980s

• Betty Friedan - 1963 published The Feminine Mystique

- 1966 founded National Organization for Women (NOW)

• Gloria Steinem - 1971 founded National Women’s Political Caucus

- 1972 founded Ms. Magazine

Page 14: Feminism Movement

Reproductive freedom

- Availability of birth control

- Roe v. Wade 1973

- Maternity leave

Equal Opportunities

- Employment

- Education

- Athletics

Second Wave of Feminism1960s-1980s

Page 15: Feminism Movement

Effects of the Women’s Movement

EmploymentThe number of women holding professional jobs increased, but opportunity and pay are still not equal.

Page 16: Feminism Movement

113th Congress (2012)

- 17 female Senators

- 73 female Representatives in the House

- Women’s representation in Congress now equals 16.8%.

Overall, women make up just 22.7% of the elected officials in the U.S. today.

Effects of the Women’s Movement

Politics

Page 17: Feminism Movement

• Perception that the previous Waves of Feminism only benefited wealthy white women

• Realization that women are of many colors, ethnicities, nationalities, religions, and cultural backgrounds

• Embraces diversity and change

• No all-encompassing single feminist idea

Third Wave of Feminism1990s-present