ions. ion an atom which is electrically charged because it lost or gained electrons metals lose...
TRANSCRIPT
NomenclatureIons
IonAn atom which is electrically charged because
it lost or gained electrons
Metals lose electrons positively charged cations Examples: Lithium Lithium ion
3p+ 3p+
3e- lose 1 e- 2e-
0 neutral atom 1+ cation
IonRecognize by element name with “ion”
“Metal ion” is the general form
Roman numerals (charge) might be included
Examples: Sodium ion for Na1+
Copper II ion for Cu2+
Zinc ion for Zn2+
IonAn atom which is electrically charged because
it lost or gained electrons
Nonmetals gain electrons negatively charged anions Examples: Oxygen Oxide ion
8p+ 8p+
8e- gains 2 e- 10e-
0 neutral atom 2- anion
IonRecognize by element name changed to end
with –ide plus “ion”
Examples: Fluoride ion for F 1-
Sulfide ion for S 2-
Phosphide ion for P 3-
Predicting Ion ChargeGroup 1 Group 2 Groups
3-12 Group 13 Group 14
1+ 2+ varies 3+ 2+ or 4+
Metals in group 1 lose 1 electron and have 1+ charge!
Metals in group 2 lose 2 electrons and have 2+ charge!
For example: Cesium makes the Cs1+ ion
For example: Calcium makes the Ca2+ ion
Predicting Ion ChargeGroup 1 Group 2 Groups
3-12 Group 13 Group 14
1+ 2+ varies 3+ 2+ or 4+
Metals in groups 3-12 may have more than one possible charge and need a Roman numeral to indicate which charge to use…
For example: Iron III is Fe3+
Iron II is Fe2+
Predicting Ion ChargeGroup 1 Group 2 Groups
3-12 Group 13 Group 14
1+ 2+ varies 3+ 2+ or 4+
Memorize six special metals which do not need a Roman numeral when using their typical charge…
Al3+
Zn2+ Ga3+
Ag1+ Cd2+
Au1+
Predicting Ion ChargeGroup 1 Group 2 Groups
3-12 Group 13 Group 14
1+ 2+ varies 3+ 2+ or 4+
Tin II is Sn2+Lead II is Pb2+
Tin and Lead in group 14 have two possible charges and need Roman numerals…
Tin IV is Sn4+Lead IV is Pb4+
Predicting Ion Charge
Elements 58 - 71 3+
Elements 90 - 103 3+
What about those two long rows of elements at the bottom of the Periodic table?
Assume each element at the bottom is a 3+ ion!
Predicting Ion ChargeGroup 15 Group 16 Group 17 Group 18
3- 2- 1- 0
Nonmetals in groups 15, 16, and17 gain 1, 2, or 3 electrons and have 1-, 2-, or 3 – charge!
Noble gases in group 18 have stable amount of electrons and do not lose or gain any !
Your Turn AgainName the ions… 1. K1+
2. Fe3+
3. Sr2+
4. Ni1+
Hint: groups 1 and 2 metals do not use Roman numerals...
Your Turn AgainWrite the formulas:
1. Manganese IV ion
2. Iron III ion
3. Calcium ion
Hint: the Roman numerals indicate charge
Your Turn AgainName the ions… 1. Cl1-
2. P3-
3. S2-
4. F1-
Hint: change ending to -ide
Your Turn AgainWrite the formulas:
1. Bromide ion
2. Nitride ion
3. Selenide ion
Hint: find each ion’s group on periodic table