Biotechnology

Introduction

k Using scientific methods with organisms to produce new products or new forms of organisms.

k Any technique that uses living organisms or substances from those organisms to make or modify a product, to improve plants or animals, or to develop micro-organisms for specific uses.

BIOTECHNOLOGY

k Manipulation of genes is called genetic engineering or recombinant DNA tech-nology.

k Genetic engineering involves taking one or more genes from a location in one or-ganism and either.

k Transferring them to another organ-ism.

k Putting them back into the original organism in different combinations.

BIOTECHNOLOGY

k Cell and Molecular biology.k Microbiology.k Genetics.k Anatomy and Physiology.k Biochemistry.k Engineering.k Computer Science.

Applications of Biotechnology

k Virus-resistant crop plants and livestock.

k Diagnostics for detecting genetic dis-eases and acquired diseases.

k Therapies that use genes to cure dis-eases.

k Recombinant vaccines to prevent dis-ease.

k Biotechnology can also aid the environ-ment.

Applications of Biotechnology

k Computer simulations with virtual reality and other uses help in biotechnology.

k Computer modeling may be done before it is tested with animals.

Computers in Biotech-nology

Goals of Biotechnol-ogy

k To understand more about the processes of inheri-tance and gene expression.

k To provide better understanding & treatment of various diseases, particularly genetic disorders.

k To generate economic benefits, including im-proved plants and animals for agriculture and efficient production of valuable biological molecules.k Example: Vitamin A fortified engineered rice.

History

Biotechnology Develop-ment

k Ancient biotechnology- early history as related to food and shelter; Includes do-mestication.

k Classical biotechnology- built on ancient biotechnology; Fermentation promoted food production, and medicine.

k Modern biotechnology- manipulates ge-netic information in organism; Genetic engineering.

Fermented food, 1500 BC

k Yeast - fruit juice wine.k Brewing beer - CO2.

k Baking bread, alcohol.k Egyptians used yeast in 1500 B.C.k 1915-1920 Baker’s Yeast.

Classical Biotechnol-ogy

k Describes the development that fermen-tation has taken place from ancient times to the present

k Top fermentation - developed first, yeast rise to top

k 1833 - Bottom fermentation - yeast remain on bottom

k 1886 – Brewing equipment made by E.C. Hansen and still used today

Classical Biotechnology Ad-vances

k Today many things are produced:k Pharmaceutical compounds such as

antibiotics.k Amino Acids .k Many chemicals, hormones, and pig-

ments.k Enzymes with a large variety of uses.k Biomass for commercial and animal

consumption (such as single-cell pro-tein).

Applications

Agriculture k Plant breeding to improve resistance to pests, dis-

eases, drought and salt conditions k Mass propagation of plant clones Bioinsecticide de-

velopment modification of plants to improve nutri-tional and processing characteristics

Chemical Industry k Production of bulk chemicals and solvents such as

ethanol, citric acid, acetone and butanol k Synthesis of fine specialty chemicals such as enzymes,

amino acids, alkaloids and antibiotics

Applications

Medicine k Development of novel therapeutic molecules for medi-

cal treatments k Diagnostics k Drug delivery systems k Tissue engineering of replacement organs k Gene therapy

Applications

Applications

Food Industry k Production of bakers' yeast, cheese, yogurt and fer-

mented foods such as vinegar and soy sauce k Brewing and wine making k Production of flavors and coloring agents

Veterinary Practice k Vaccine production k Fertility control k Livestock breeding

Applications

Environmentk Biological recovery of heavy metals from mine tailings

and other industrial sources k Bioremediation of soil and water polluted with toxic

chemicals k Sewage and other organic waste treatment

Future of Medi-cine

k Smart drugs for cancer and autoimmune diseases (arthritis, psoriasis, diabetes).

k Gene-based diagnostics and therapies.k Pharmacogenomics and personalised

medicine.k Stem cells and regenerative medicine.k Health and longevity.

DNA protein

drugs are so complex they can only be synthesized in a living system

the promise of biotech

THANKYOU