1 introduction to biotechnology
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8/16/2019 1 Introduction to Biotechnology
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Introduction to
Biotechnology
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BiotechnologyBiotechnology helps to
meet our basic needs.Food, clothing, shelter,
health and safety
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BiotechnologyImprovements by using
scienceScience helps in
production plants, animalsand other organisms
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Biotechnology Also used in
maintaining a goodenvironment that
promotes our wellbeing
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BiotechnologyUsing scientific processes
to get new organisms ornew products from
organisms.
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BiotechnologyLarge area
Includes manyapproaches and methods
in science and technology
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ffice of !ech
Assessment "efinition Any techni#ue that uses
living organisms orsubstances from those
organisms to ma$e or modify
a product, to improve plants
or animals%.
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&ont.r to develop
microorganisms forspecific uses.
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Agricultural 'iew All of the applied science
based operations inproducing food, fiber,
shelter, and relatedproducts
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Agricultural 'iew(il$ production
)ew horticultural andornamental plants
*ildlife, a#uaculture, naturalresources and environmentalmanagement
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Horticulture is the science, technology,
and business involved in intensive plant cultivationfor human use
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ornamental plants
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A#uaculture
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(ultidisciplinaryInvolves many disciplines
or branches of learningIncludes all areas of Life
Sciences
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rganismic Biotech*or$ing with complete, intact
organisms or their cellsrganisms are not
genetically changed with
artificial means
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rganismic Biotech+elp the organism live better
or be more productiveoal - improve organisms
and the conditions in whichthey grow
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rganismic BiotechStudy and use natural
genetic variations&loning is an eample of
organismic biotech
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&loning/rocess of producing a new
organism from cells ortissues of eisting organism.
0112 cloned sheep - 3"olly4in 5dinburgh Scotland
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(olecular Biotech&hanging the genetic
ma$e6up of an organism Altering the structure and
parts of cells&omple7
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(olecular BiotechUses genetic engineering,
molecular mapping andsimilar processes
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enetic 5ngineering&hanging the genetic
information in a cellSpecific trait of one organism
may be isolated,cut, and
moved into the cell ofanother organism
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!ransgenic8esults of en. 5ng. Are
said to be 3transgenic4enetic material in an
organism has been altered
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Biotech eamples (edicine
Agriculture 5nvironment
Forestry
Food and beverage processing
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(edicineSome new developments
delve into the hereditarymaterial of humans $nown
as gene therapy
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(edicine !herapeutant 6 product used to
maintain health or preventdisease
Biopharmaceuticals - drug orvaccine developed throughbiotechnology
&alled designer drugs
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Biopharmaceuticals
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(edicine Biopharming - production of
pharmaceuticals in culturedorganisms
&ombination of the
agriculture andpharmaceutical industries
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(edicine&ertain blood - derived
products needed in humanmedicine can be produced
in the mil$ of goats
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5nvironment Any biotechnological process
that may promote a good
environment rganisms developed during the
gulf war to 3eat4 oil
rganism used in gold mining to3eat4 contaminants
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!he last 9and only: defense
against the ongoing "eepwater+ori;on oil spill in the ulf of
(eico is tiny<billions of
hydrocarbon6chewing microbes,
such as Alcanivorax
borkumensis. In fact, the
primary motive for using the
more than =>?,??? gallons of
chemical dispersants on the oil
slic$ both above and below thesurface of the sea is to brea$
the oil into smaller droplets that
bacteria can more easily
consume.
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5nvironmental/roblems naturally solved
by microorganisms suchas bacteria, fungi brea$down contaminant into a
form less harmful or notharmful
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Ag and Forestry/lant biotech
Animal biotech
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/lant biotech Improve plants and the
products produced from them
Insect and disease resistance
5ngineered to have desired
characteristics
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/lant biotech&orn plant produced with
high levels of the aminoacid Lysine
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Animal Biotech Improve animals or the
products they produce Animals may be used to
produce products thatpromote human health
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Animal Biotech Increase productivity
/igs engineered toproduce human
hemoglobin
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Food and Beverages
Use of technology in
producing and processing Some biotech principles
have been employed for
hundreds of years @east in ba$ing bread
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Food and Bev.enetically altered crops
rB+ mil$
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Biotechnology +elps meet human needs
Food, clothing and shelter /lants and animals are used
in manufacturing food,clothing and materials forshelter
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BiotechnologyUsed to ma$e products
more useful or desirable5 conversion of mil$ into
cheese or yogurt
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5fficiency(ust $eep the cost of
improving products as lowas possible
Biotech results in greaterefficiency
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5fficiency Inoculating legume seeds
with bacteria that allow theplant to pull nitrogen out ofthe air and put it into the soil
Saves the producer the costof applying ) fertili;er
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5fficiency8esults in trees that grow
faster and produce woodthat is more desirable
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reater /roduction Increases yields
bS! use in cows to producemore mil$
+igher crop yields fromdrought, disease insectresistant crops
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+ealth /romoting Foods
Food with uni#ue traits
Some containtherapeutants
Some designed withnutrient enrichment
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Safety
&onsumers want foods to
provide needed nutrients andin some cases, enhancedfoods
"o not want side effects fromthose enhanced foods
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5asy preparation
Flavr6Savr !omato
8eached the mar$et inearly 011?Cs
5ngineered to have alonger shelf life
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Flavr6Savr
)o soft spots
)o rotten spots!omato resists spoilage
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Synthetic biology
&reating lifeli$e
characteristics through theuse of chemicals
Based on creating structures
similar to those found inliving organisms
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Synthetic Biology
)eed for synthetic cells lead
to the development of thevesicle
'esicle - tiny rounded
structure with cell li$e traits
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'esicle
!iny structures similar tosoap bubbles were createdto serve as the cellmembrane
'isible only with powerfulmicroscope
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'esicle
nce the cell membrane
has been successfullydeveloped, development
of the materials with thecell is initiated.
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Synthetic biology
Is important because itbrings science closer tocreating life in the lab
&ells and tissues may be
developed to treat humaninDury and disease
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