1-introduction to biotechnology[1]

7/23/2019 1-Introduction to Biotechnology[1]

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Introduction to

Biotechnology


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Grading System

50 % - Exam Prelim 30%

40%- Quies !idterm 30%

"0%- #lass $ctiities Endterm40%

-------- ------

"00% &otal &otal "00%


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'e(erence Boo)

Introduction toBiotechnology *+0"+, y 'ay./ erren


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Biotechnology

&he mani1ulation o( liingorganisms or 1arts o( organisms toma)e 1roducts use(ul to humans/

2sing the)noledge o(cells to modi(ytheir actiities

in order toma)e liingorganismsmore eectie

in seringeo le/


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Biotechnology

It deals ith the mani1ulation o(the genes o( organisms to altertheir ehaior characteristics oralue/

2sing the hole1lant or animal

and all thesystems thatma)e u1 theorganism/


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Biotechnology

'easons the deelo1ment o(iotechnology has een so di6cult are7

*", Scientists useliing organismsthat gro and

re1roduce/

*+, In caseo( higher-

orderedanimalsthe care

and el(areo( theanimalshae to e

ta)en into


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'easons the deelo1ment o(iotechnology has een so di6cult are7

*3, !ani1ulation

o( cells and cell(unction has to edone care(ullyith many

sa(eguards togoern the1rocess/

*4, &he 1ulic isery hesitant toacce1t organismsthat ere 1roduced

through means theyconsider to eunnatural/ Peo1le

are reluctant toacce1t anything theydo not understand1articularly i( it

relates to the (ood


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Bioin(ormatics

&he use o( in(ormation technology tostore analye sort lael and sharethe many 89$ se:uences generated

y genome se:uencing 1ro;ects/ In addition to 89$ se:uences there

are large collection o( 1roteinse:uences 1rotein structures

metaolic 1athay descri1tionsresearch articles 1atents and manyother ty1es o( iology-related datamanaged y ioin(ormatics scientists/


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Bioin(ormatics

&he )noledge o( genomesand the tools o( iotechnologyhae o1ened u1 ne

1ossiilities in geneticengineering / Some scientistsare no or)ing in the


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&he 9eed (or Biotechnology

8uring the 1ast 50 yearstremendous adances haeeen made in the e6ciency

ith hich e gro (ood/ !ucho( the increase in (ood1roductiity egan in the"=>0s ith hat as termed

the Green Revolution/


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Green 'eolution as initiateddue to 1oorer :uality land iseing 1ut into 1roduction/

Green 'eolution hastremendous im1lications not

only (or (eeding the 1eo1leut also (or the im1act on theenironment/


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Green 'eolution

- re(ers to a large increase incro1 1roduction y using

modern agriculturaltechni:ues/


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Im1acts o( Green 'eolution

Fertilizersmade1ossile (orhigh yield

arieties togro

success(ully/

rr ga on


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rr ga onBe(ore the Green reolution

agriculture as seerely limitedto areas ith a signi


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&he 1resent rate o( (ood1roduction cou1led ith thegroing orld 1o1ulation meansthat many countries stand a realdanger o( running out o( (ood inthe (uture/

Biotechnology holds an enormous

1otential (or (eeding the orld?s1o1ulation in an enironmentallysustainale ay/


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#olumn $#olumn B


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It is 1ossile to engineer 1lants andanimals ith :uality traits such as

increased nutritional content or theaility to 1roduce medically use(ul1roteins through iotechnology/


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Researchers Hope Super BananasWill Combat Vitamin A Defciency

Source: Time Magazine , June 16, 2014


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Researchers

Hope SuperBananasWill Combat

Vitamin ADefciency

Biotech ananas (orti


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A&he conse:uences o(itamin $ de00000 childrenorldide dying eachyear and at least

another 300000 going

lindC the 1ro;ectleader Pro(essorDames 8ale (rom$ustralia?s Queensland

2niersity o(&echnology told $P*$gence des euillesPoliti:ues,/


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Researchers Hope Super

Bananas Will CombatVitamin A Defciency

&he trials ill last (or ee)s ith thesu11ort o( Bill and !elinda Gatesoundation/ 'esults ill e aailale atthe end o( +0"4 and commercialiation

is ex1ected to start y +0+0 in 2ganda/


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Researchers Hope Super

Bananas Will CombatVitamin A Defciency

&he technology is also intendedto e trans(erred to other $(ricancountries including 'anda#ongo Fenya and &anania/


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Plant Biotechnology

Plants hae een geneticallymodi


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Plant Biotechnology

ther iotech cro1s hae eenmodi


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Plant Biotechnology H

Phytoremediation


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It is orth noting here that 1hytoextraction and1hyto


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$nimal Science

Early ciiliations learned to ma)echeese and other (ood 1roducts (rommil) y using animal enymes and

acteria/ Scientists are no on the erge o(

ma)ing animal clonina 1racticalmeans o( re1roducing animals ith

su1erior genetics/ $nimal cloning is the 1rocess o(

ma)ing an exact genetic co1y o( ananimal/


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$nimal

Sciencearmed salmon that reach

mature sie in a (raction o(the usual time/ &he grothis s1eeded u1 y theinsertion o( to genes onelin)ed to the 1roduction o(groth hormone and asecond to ensure grothcontinues een in ery coldtem1eratures/

&he technology allos


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$nimal Science

Goats and cos that 1roduce thera1eutic

1roteins in their mil)/ &hera1eutic 1roteinsare used to treat human diseases/ &heyinclude hormones antiodies accinesgroth (actors and lood clotting (actors/


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$nimal Science

!edical mice ithhumanli)e immunesystems/

&he 2/S/ team o(

scientists trans1lantedhuman one marrocells and other humantissue into miceithout a (unctioning

immune system/ &hisgae the mice as1ectso( the human immunesystem/htt17JJconsumer/healthday/comJhealth-technology-in(ormation-

"KJresearch-and-deelo1ment-health-nes-5>KJmouse-ith-

human-li)e-immune-system-could-adance-aids-research-


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Pigs that 1roduce 1hytaseenyme in their salia

leading to lo-

1hos1horus manure thatis more enironmentally(riendly/

Im1acts o( high-1hos1horus leel7 $lgae gro (aster than ecosystems can handle/ Large groths o( algae are called algal looms

and they can seerely reduce or eliminateoxygen in the ater leading to illnesses in


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!edicine

&hera1eutic 1roteins accines and othermedicines may e 1roduced in geneticallyengineered cell cultures throughbiomanu!acturin such as humaninsulin 1roduced in acteria/

&he cells o( hole iotech 1lants andanimals also may e geneticallyengineered to 1roduce 1harmaceuticals*1harming,/

Personalied medicine loo)s at thegenome o( indiidual 1atients todetermine molecular causes o( diseaseand identi(y treatments that may e most

eectie/


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!edicine

Personalied genomics is a ne


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&he Enironment

Biotechnology is used inmonitoring and cleaning u1 theenironment/

Plants hae een deelo1ed thatcan indicate hether or not anarea is contaminated ith1ollutants/ &his allos (or early

detection o( contaminants andremedial measures can e ta)ene(ore the 1rolem ecomesserious/

1-introduction to biotechnology[1]

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