Introduction to Anatomy FOR NURSING

Dr. Maha ELBeltagyDepartment of Anatomy and Histology

Faculty of Medicine

University of Jordan

2020

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Anatomy

Derived from the Greek ἀνατέμνω anatemnō

"I cut up, cut open

ANATOMY

System based

1. Upper Limb

2. Lower Limb

3. Musculoskeletal system

4. IBLS (immune/blood/lymphatic

system)

5. Cardiovascular system (CVS)

6. Respiratory system

7. Urinary system

8. Endocrine system

9. Reproductive system

10. Gastrointestinal system

11. Nervous system

EMBRYOLOGY

1. General

2. Special

HISTOLOGY

How to study anatomy

1. RESPECT the Subject

2. Make a mental picture of everything you study

3. Practical Classes

4. Talk about it. Discussion

5. Teach

6. 6-Drawing

7. Read,Read,Read,Read

levels of organization

Cell Tissue

OrganSystem

Anatomical Terminology

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Gastr / ic……… Related to.

Gastr / itis……….Inflammation.

Gastr / ectomy………..Removal.

………/ Logy……….Science

Word Root……..Origin of the word.

eg: Gastr = Stomach

Suffix ………Word ending.

Basic word parts

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Prefix Word beginning.

Epi Above eg:

Epi/gastr /ic

Hypo Below eg:

Hypo/gastr /ic

Anti Against eg: Anti/bio

/tic

A NO eg:

A/vascular

Anatomical Position

the anatomical position is the standard reference position of the body used to describe the location of structures

Standing erect, with palms and feet facing forward

1- Is a vertical plane

2- Passes through the center of the body

3-Divids the body into equal right and left halves

Median Sagittal Plane

Is situated to one or the other side of the median plane and parallel to it.

ANATOMICAL PLANES

Coronal PlaneIs an imaginary vertical planes divide the

body into

anterior and posterior

parts

Transverse, horizontal divide the body into

superior and inferior parts

Positions and Directions

Terms of position and direction describe the position ofone body part relative to another

Anterior :Refers to a structure being more in frontPosterior : Refers to a structure being more in back

Superior :Refers to a structure being higherInferior : Refers to a structure being lower

Medial : Refers to a structure being closer to the midlineLateral :Refers to a structure being farther away from the midline

Proximal and distal are used

with reference to being closer

or farther from a structure's

origin, particularly in the

limbs.

For example, the hand is

distal to the elbow joint.

Cranial (towards the head) and caudal

(towards the tail) are sometimes used instead of

superior and inferior respectively

Directional TermsTo describe the position of one body part relative to another.

Term Meaning Anterior Nearer to front of body

Posterior Nearer to the back

Superior Nearer to the head

Inferior Nearer to the feet

Median Central line of the body

Medial Nearer to the median line

Lateral Away from median line

Proximal Nearer to point of origin

Distal Away from point of origin

Superficial: Nearer to body surface

Deep: Away from body surface

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1-The brain is

………………to

lungs

2- The Kidney is

…………………

…to liver

1- The stomach is

…………………

…to intestine

2- The liver is

………………..to

diaphragm

3- The point A is

………… to

point B

4- The point C is

………… to

point B

ABC

Movement Terms

Flexion/Extension

Plantar Flexion/Dorsiflexion

Lateral Flexion

Abduction/Adduction

Abduction—moving a body part away from midline

Adduction—moving a body part toward the midline

Medial/Lateral Rotation

Medial rotation—rotation towards the center of the body

Lateral rotation—rotation away the center of the body

PronationMedial rotation of forearm

SupinationLateral rotation of forearm

Elevation/Depression

Inversion/Eversion

Retraction Moving a part backwardProtraction Moving a part forward

Opposition : Movement of the thumb across the palm of the hand.

Body Cavities

• Thoracic Cavity

• Abdominal and Pelvic Cavity

• Dorsal Cavity

Thoracic Cavity

• Upper ventral, thoracic or chest cavity

• Contains:

– Heart

– Lungs

– Trachea

– Esophagus

– Large blood vessels

– Nerves

• Bound laterally by ribs and the diaphragm caudally

Abdominopelvic Cavity

• Lower part of ventral cavity

• Abdominal:

– Gastrointestinal tract

– Kidneys

– Adrenal glands

• Pelvic:

– Urogenital system

– Rectum

Dorsal Cavity

• Smaller of two main cavities

• Upper portion:

– Cranial cavity

– Brain

• Lower portion:

– Vertebral canal house spinal cord