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TRANSCRIPT
Interactionsin
Ecosystems
Habitat
• All of the biotic and abioticfactors in the area where an organism lives
Lion habitat
Ecological Niche
All of the physical, chemical, and biological • All of the physical, chemical, and biological factors that a species needs to survive, stay healthy, and reproduce– Food
– Abiotic conditions
– Behavior
Competitive Exclusion
When two species are competing for the • When two species are competing for the same resources, one species will be better suited to the niche, and the other species will be pushed into another niche or become extinct
• Invasive species may outcompete organisms that are native to a particular region
PredationThe process by which one species captures • The process by which one species captures and feeds upon another– Heterotrophs can prey on autotrophs and other heterotrophs
Predator – Prey Cycles
Prey • Prey outnumber predators
• Increasing numbers of prey promote increases in predator populations
Symbiosis
A close ecological relationship between • A close ecological relationship between two or more organisms of different species that live in direct contact with one another–Mutualism–Commensalism–Parasitism
MutualismAn interspecies interaction in which both • An interspecies interaction in which both species benefit– Flowers and pollinating insects
– Humans and intestinal E. coli
– Clown fish and anemones
Commensalism
A relationship between two organisms in • A relationship between two organisms in which one receives an ecological benefit from another, while the other neither benefits or is harmed
• Many ecologists believe that commensalism is rare, and that most such relationships are probably subtle mutualism or parasitism
ParasitismA relationship in which one species benefits • A relationship in which one species benefits while the other is harmed.
• Many parasites have complex lifecycles involving more than one host
Seen “Alien” ?
The Parasitic Life Cycle of the Tse-Tse Fly
Tapeworm lifecycle