industrial revolution
TRANSCRIPT
INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION
What do you think?•What DO you think of when you hear INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION?
•What machines came out of the Industrial Revoltuion?
•What changes happened because of the Industrial Revolution?
Why did it begin in Great Britain?
1.Food supply (more land, new crops, good weather)
2.Growing population: lots of workers
3. British had money or CAPITAL to invest.
4. ENTREPRENEURS: businessmen who want new opportunities to make money.
5. natural resources such as coal, iron, & water for power & shipping.
6. Colonies create markets to sell goods
Why the Industrial
Revolution began in Great
Britain
•What if the British did not have coal or iron?
•What if the British had no overseas markets?
•What if the Industrial Revolution began in another part of Europe other than Great Britain?
1. 1765:. James Hargreaves-invented spinning jenny- makes 8 thread w/ 1 wheel. Cotton industry grows!!
Other inventions:2. 1775: James Watt- improved steam engine- run machines, faster transportation
2. Edmund Cartwright- water powered loom-weaves cloth, powered by rivers next to factories
COAL & IRON3. Henry Cort invents PUDDLING- process to burn away impurities in iron to make hi quality iron
4. 1804: Robert Trevithick
1st steam locomotive•Creates new jobs, mkts & lowers costs of shipping. Trains go up to 50 mph, build
100s miles of track
5. Robert Fulton credited w/ Clermont, 1st steamboat
•INDUSTRIAL CAPITALISM- an eco system based on industrial production & new classes developed as a result
•Factories built.•Owners have shifts to run machines constantly.
•Employees, repeat the same task.
•Fined & beaten for being late
•Many workers had been farmers & many were women or kids (young as 5) who worked 12-16 hr days, for little pay, no school
New SOCIAL CLASSES Develop
1. Middle Class were managers, store owners, market planners
2. Industrial Working Class- factory workers.
Sum it up!!! Factory Life:1. Worked 12- 16 hr days, 6 days a week
2. Dangerous, loud & dirty conditions
3. Little pay
Sum it up! Society changed
•Most factory laborers were farmers ( 2/3 were women & kids)
•Many moved to the cities•Working class & middle class developed
•Sum it up! Women: •Women paid ½ & were 50% of
factory laborers. •Many also work out of home
(called a COTTAGE INDUSTRY) doing cleaning, laundry, sewing etc
1. What if labor laws had been introduced earlier? How would things in the factory be different? Explain!!
2. What if NO child labor laws were ever introduced? How would your life be different right now?
NORTH AMERICADon’t write: Btw 1800-1860 pop grew!•canals & RRs link US•50% of people live on farms in US, but many moving to the North to work
in cities
How did population change? *Less wars & diseases, & better food led to growth.
* Pop doubles in Europe. (266 mil)
*people move to city to work in factories
(urbanization or city growth)
Factor 1750 1900Population 7 million 37 million
People living in towns
13% 87%
Life expectancy Men Women 31 35
Men Women 45 48
Deaths at birth Deaths at Babies birth lived 65% 35%
Deaths at Babies birth lived 15% 85%
1.Why did life expectancy increase from 1750?2. Explain why the number of people living in
towns increased between 1750-1900?3. What factors do you think led to population
growth during this time? Why?
•Poor city living conditions•Apartments cheaply built, crowded, dirty, & fires spread easily
•Rats & trash spread disease •sewage & poor sanitation
•Conditions worsen & socialism grows (idea govt should take control of means of production) & trade unions dev to fight to raise
wages, & improve conditions
REVOLUTIONS OF 1848
CONGRESS OF VIENNA
•GB, AUS, PRU, RUS meet Sept 1814 for peace settlement at CONGRESS OF VIENNA
•Led by Klemens Von Metternich, Austrian Prime Minister
•Principle of Legitimacy- restore monarchies to power
•Divide territories so that so no one too strong
•GB, Rus, Pru Aus, Fr meet often to keep
peace
•adopt PRINCIPLE of INTERVENTION- right to send in armies if rev occurs (Br refused)
New Ideas:• LIBRALISM-idea people should be free from govt restraint (freedom of speech, separation
of church & state, want a constitutional
monarchy)
•NATIONALISM- a unique cultural identity of a people based on a common language, religion, history. Often leads people to want own nation. Starts revolutions, upsets balance of power
• GERMANY was 38 states (German Confederation)
• Rulers promise new constitutions & meet as Frankfort assembly to write one. Draft it, but can’t enforce.
• ITALY: 9 states, some owned by Austria.
• Revolts break out to create unified Italy w/ liberal constitutions, but Austrians stop it.
SECOND INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION
•DON’T WRITE!!!•2nd Industrial Revolution lasted from 1870s into 1900s.
•1st Ind Rev focused on cloth railroads, iron & coal.
2nd Ind rev focused on: 1. Iron replaced by steel- light & strong! 2. electricity- heat & light, factories could run 24 hrs 3. chemicals & oil
NEW INVENTIONS
1.telephone - Alexander Graham Bell & Radio- Guglielmo Marconi
3. Plane- Wright brothers4. Internal combustion engine-
Gottlieb Daimler5. Skyscraper, elevator by Elisha
Otis & suspension bridge by Roebling
OTHER CHANGES
•Wages increased & prices drop due to cheaper transporta-tion & factories
• Italy, Aus-Hungary, SP, Port & Rus still agricultural, not industrial.
•How do you think society will be impacted by the 2nd Industrial Revolution?
•What changes will happen?
•What will be more valuable, people or machines? Explain!
*New Elite top 5% of pop own 30-40% of wealth
•Middle Class- Drs, lawyers, civil servants
•Lower-middle class- shopkeepers
•Lower class- sales people, secretaries.
• Working class- 80% of pop (servants, farmers)
GROCERY STORE early 1900s
1. Women- new jobs open up. Create jobs as clerks, secretaries, typists
2. Women work until marriage in working class families.
3. Feminism grows. 4. Can divorce, own property, go to college
FUN!!!!
•People had time & $$$$ for leisure
•Pro sports (Reds 1869)•Amusement parks & dance halls open
CONEY ISLAND’S 1st COASTER
CONEY ISLAND RIDES
CONEY ISLAND RIDES
•State financed schools set up for boys & girls to:
•train labor for factories•Increase literacy•Create patriotism
•Describe how life changed from the beginning of the Industrial Revolution to the end?
•How did the set up of society change?
•How did these new inventions lead to extra tome for leisure and fun? How is a place like Cedar Point a result of the IND REV?
•Are we in a another “Ind Rev” today? Why or why not?
• http://www.history.com/videos/the-industrial-revolition#the-industrial-revolition