U.S. History IIBy Jackie White

Industrial Revolution

Bellwork

Describe what you think is the American Dream is?

Biography/Creative Writing

Carefully look at the photograph on the next slide.

Write a 1-2 paragraph biography describing the person that you think lived here.

Include the following: location occupation cost of living time period number of people who lived together amount of living space

20 Questions

Carefully look at the photograph on the next slide.

Your task is to figure out, who lived here?

Create one question for me to answer to help you solve the mystery.

Andrew Carnegie’s birthplace

Location: Dunfermline, Scotland

Occupation: weaverRent: $20/yearTime: 1835-1848Living area: 330 square feetFamily of 4

Skibo CastleLocation: Dornoch, ScotlandOccupation: Steel magnateCost: $10,000,000 in 1900$100,000,000 in 2000Time: 1897-1919Living area: 22,000 acres (34 square miles) 60,000 square feet

Family of 3

http://www.carnegieclub.co.uk/

Questions• Why do you think Andrew Carnegie's family decided to

move to the U.S.? • Do you think that Carnegie's birthplace home in

Dunfermline was characteristic of someone in a low, middle, or upper class? And Why.

• Did Andrew Carnegie achieve the American Dream?• Who could be considered the Andrew Carnegie of

today?

Was Carnegie a Hero?

Does rising from “rags” to “riches” make a person a hero?

Do Americans make heroes out of people who make it from poverty? (Abe Lincoln, Babe Ruth, Ronald Reagan)

Can acquiring great wealth hurt a person’s chance of being a hero?

Do Americans sometimes resent people with lots of money?

Can a person born rich be a hero? (George Washington, John Kennedy)

Characteristics of a Hero

Directions: On your worksheet is a list of eight personal traits or characteristics.

Task one: Next to each trait, name a person you regard as a hero who has that trait.

Task two: List 3 traits from the list that you believe a person must have to be a hero.

Anticipation Guide

Before reading the background information predict whether or not each of the following statements is true or false.

Write T for True & F for false on the line provided.

Background Essay

Read was Andrew Carnegie a Hero? Background Essay

Model Think-A-Loud Complete the two sided or dialectic journal. On the left side record key people, ideas,

events, or facts from the reading.On the right hand side record your thoughts,

comments, questions, or connections to what you read.

Document Analysis

Analyze documents 3-10 Answer the guided questions for each

document. Categorize the documents. Identify components of a 5 paragraph essay.Compare 2 essay models.Complete the DBQ Essay Outline

Document 3

Document 4

Document 6

Steel

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MMURmbHcGOo&feature=relmfu

America The Story of Us 07 Cities video clip Carnegie steel 11:42-17:14

The Expansion of Industry

MAIN IDEA: At the end of the 19th century, natural resources, creative inventions, and growing demand for goods fueled an industrial boom.

WHY IT MATTERS NOW: Technological developments paved the way for continued growth of American industry and eventually a world power.

Terms & Names: Edwin L. Drake, Thomas Alva Edison, Christopher Sholes, Alexander Graham Bell, natural resource, uses for steel & electricity, impact of industrial revolution on society.

Learning Objective

Define and provide examples of natural resources.

Identify several factors that contributed to the Industrial Revolution.

Match the inventor to their invention or innovation and.

Explain how the Industrial Revolution impacted society.

How did the Pittsburgh Steelers get their name?

(Why do you think they are called the Steelers?

What are some characteristics of steel?)

Mining and Industry in the United States, 1850-1900

What symbol indicates a major industrial city?How many major industrial cities were there between

1850-1900?List 3 major industrial cities.What generalization can you make about the location of

these cities?What might be a possible reason for the creation of

most of the cities?Which city appears to be surrounded almost entirely by

steel mills?What is steel made out of?

Mining and Industry in the United States, 1850-1900

Natural Resources

Definition of word 3 examples of

Use in a semtence

Picture

Natural Resources

Definition of word:Naturally occurring materials that can be used by man as factors of production such as land, minerals, water

3 examples of CoalIron OilWaterland

PictureUse in a sentence

Oil

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=O9oMI8G-TdI

America The Story of Us 08 Boom video clip oil first 10 minutes

Causes of Industrial Revolution

Growing population to work as labor force and consumers

Abundance of natural resources

Explosion of new inventions

Industrial Revolution

Government Support for business

Uses for Steel:1. Railroads2. Farm tools3. Cans4. Bridges5.

skyscrapers

Uses for Electricity

Think of your typical morning routine.Write a list of all the things you do before

coming to school.Which items on your list required the use of

electricity?Record on your notes several uses for

electrcity

Inventor Invention

Edwin L. Drake

Turns iron (natural resource) into steel

Light bulb & power plants to generate electricity

Christopher Sholes

Telephone

Impact

Impact of American Revolution on American Life

How do all these inventions & innovations impact society?

More women began to work. Work that was previously done at home was now

made in factories .Industrialization led to long hours and dangerous

working conditions. Works was done faster leading to more leisure

time. Industrial Revolution led to an improved

standard of living and modern life.

Ticket to Leave

Which invention or development in this time period had the greatest impact on society and why?

The Age of the Railroads

Main Idea: Why It Matters Now:

Terms & Names:

The growth & consolidation of railroads benefited the nation, but also led to corruption and required government regulations.

Railroads made the expansion of industry across the United States possible .

Transcontinental railroadGeorge M. PullmanStandardized time zones

Learning Objectives

Identify and be able to explain the positive and negative effects of the growth of the railroad on America.

What dangers might railroad workers encounter?

How might the railroad impact the environment?

Standardized Time Zones

“The Modern Colossus of Rail Roads”

Main Idea: Why It Matters Now: Vocabulary:

The expansion of industry led to the growth of big business and the formation of labor unions.

What are some examples of “big business” today?Who owned and operated businesses before big businesses were created?Why were labor unions necessary?

The business strategy of consolidation and the labor union strategies of collective bargaining and striking are still used today.

Dividend

Investment

Labor union

Shrewd

Mogul

Tycoon

Manufactured

Laissez-faire

Vertical integration

Horizontal integration

Monopoly

Social Darwinism

Warm Up Activity

Locate 3 objects on you (clothing, personal items, etc.)

Record where the items were made on your note sheet

Share your response with the classWhat trends or patterns do you notice?Why might that be?How might that impact the U.S.

economy?

Brainstorm Examples of Government Regulations of Businesses

Minimum wageEnd to child laborWorkmen’s compensationVacation payHoliday payHealth insuranceSafety regulationsLimitations on work dayOvertime payMaternity leaveSick days

Andrew CarnegieAndrew Carnegie

•Successful due to business management practices:

Making better products more cheaply

New machinery and techniques (new accounting systems to track cost)

Offering stock in the company to talented employees

Vertical Integration

Horizontal Integration

Social Darwinism

Theory of “natural selection” based on Charles Darwin’s survival of the fittest.

Success or failure in business is governed by natural laws.

Good businesses survive, bad businesses will go out of business (die off)

Used to justify laissez-faire (allow to do)

Discouraged government regulation or control over market or businesses

Examples of Government Regulations of Business

Minimum wage Maternity LeaveEnd to child labor sick daysWorkmen’s compensationVacation payHoliday payHealth insuranceSafety regulationsLimitations on work dayOvertime pay

Government Attempts to Regulate Business

Sherman Antitrust ActGovernment believed

growing corporations stifled competition

Made it illegal to form a trust that interferes with free trade between states or other countries

Difficult to prosecute businesses under the Sherman Act Example: Microsoft monopoly

over computer industry unfairly crushed competition

Working Conditions

Working ConditionsLENGTH OF WORKDAY: Most employers

demanded 12-hours a day (or more)# OF DAYS/WEEK: 6-day work week (steel mills

demanded 7-day work week)

PAY: Low wages – to survive, most families needed all members to work, including children ($0.27 for a 14-hour day); women earned about half of men’s pay ($267 vs. $498)

BENEFITS: No vacation, sick leave, workers’ or unemployment compensation

SAFETY: Dirty and poorly ventilated factories Often faulty/dangerous equipment causing work-related accidents (In 1882, approx. 675 laborers killed)

Child Labor

Women and children often worked in sweatshops (workshops in tenement): required few skills and paid lowest wages

Children were often preferred: viewed as more manageable, cheaper, and less likely to strike

Worked in mines, glass factories, textiles, agriculture, etc.

Fight to End Child Labor

http://www.history.com/topics/child-labor/videos#the-fight-to-end-child-labor

Rise of Labor Unions

Great Strike of 1877

In the economic slump that followed the Panic of 1873, railroad managers cut wages, increased workloads, and laid off workers. Such actions drove workers to strike and riot. The general railway strike of 1877 was the result of the organization of a series of strikes by unionized railroad workers to protest wage cuts. These protests involved violence, which spread from Pennsylvania and West Virginia to the Midwest, Texas, and California, and rioters even attacked railroad property, derailing trains and burning rail yards. State militia companies had to be organized in order to break up these picket lines

Haymarket AffairThis was known as the Haymarket Riot for it took

place near Haymarket Square near downtown Chicago. About hundred thousand workers turned out including anarchists and radicals who believed in using violence. Later, police shot and killed two unionists and wounded several others which launched a chain of rallies and more violence. During a protest against police brutality, a bomb exploded as a police company neared, killing seven and injuring sixty-seven. Mass arrests were then made, and this event later drew attention to labor's growing discontent and heightened fear of radicalism.

The Homestead Strike

The AFL and the labor movement suffered a series of setbacks in the early 1890s when labor violence stirred public fears once again. In July 1892, AFL-affiliated Amalgamated Association of Iron and Steelworkers refused to accept pay cuts and went on to strike in Homestead, Pennsylvania in what was known as the Homestead Strike. Henry C. Frick, president of the Carnegie Steel Company closed the plant and later tried to protect the plant by hiring three hundred guards. Attacks and violence followed and the strikers gave in after five months. By this time, public opinion had turned against the union after a young anarchist attempted to assassinate Frick.

The Pullman StrikeIn 1894, workers of at the Pullman Palace Car Company

walked out in protest over exploitative policies at the company town near Chicago. Although the paternalistic George Pullman provided everything for the twelve thousand residents of the so-called model town named after him, he would not negotiate with workers. When hard times began in 1893, Pullman tried to protect profits by cutting wages. Workers sent a committee to Pullman to protest his policies but Pullman reacted by firing three of them. Enraged workers called a strike, also known as the Pullman Strike, and Pullman retaliated by closing his factory. This union was led by Eugene V. Debs, voted to aid the strikers by refusing to handle any Pullman cars attached to any trains. However, soon the strike ended when President Grover Cleveland ordered federal troops to crush the protests and Debs was sent to prison for defying the court injunction.