English Work

Lorena Fontes

Joyce Marques

Inara Farah

101

Features

•Location: South Asia•Capital of India: New Delhi•Official Language: Hindi•Currency: Rupee• (34 rupees = 1 dollar)

Subcontinent•India is a large country in southern Asia. It is separated from the rest of Asia by the Himalayan Mountains. Because it is so big and cut off from the rest of the continent, it is called a subcontinent. To the south of India is the Indian Ocean.

•India is the seventh largest country in the world. It has deserts, jungles, mountains, forests, and farms.

•The major rivers are the Indus River and the Ganges River. Big cities include New Delhi, Calcutta, Bombay, and Bangalore.

History•Long ago, India was ruled by Mogul emperors.

Then the empire fell apart into smaller kingdoms, ruled by maharajas.

•By the 1600’s, Europeans had come into India to trade for Indian spices, silks, cotton cloth, and tea.

• In 1857, the British took control of India and ruled there until 1947. One very important man, Mohandas Gandhi helped India gain independence.

•Gandhi practiced civil disobedience. That means that he would not do what the British wanted, but he was never violent.

Agriculture

•Exports: tea, clothing, jewelry, iron ore, leather

•Imports: food, gems, iron and steel, chemicals

•Main crops: rice, wheat, tea, sugar cane, spices

Wildlife•Below is a list of animals that can be found in

India:•Lions•Deer •Bears•Rhinoceroses •Snakes•Elephants •Camels•Monkeys •Tigers (National animal) •Peacocks (National bird)

Climate•December to March ~~~~ Cold•April to May ~~~~ Very hot •June to September ~~~~ Monsoon season

•October to November ~~~ less rain

•MONSOONS •Monsoons are huge rain storms that come in from the Indian Ocean. They bring enough rain to supply water for the whole year. These storms have strong winds. They can flood and destroy farms and houses. Some have even killed people.

Taj Mahal•At about the same time the pilgrims were landing at Plymouth Rock, the Taj Mahal was built. That was almost 400 years ago.

•It took over ten years to build. More than twenty thousand people and one thousand elephants helped build it.

The history behind theTaj Mahal

•Shah Jahan was the emperor of India from 1628 to 1658. He deeply loved his wife Mumtaz Mahal. She died in 1631 when she was giving birth to their fourteenth child.

•The emperor was so heartbroken that he decided to build a massive tomb in honor of their love. The two of them were buried together inside the Taj Mahal.

•Since Shah Jahan loved his wife so much, he used only the finest marble. He also made sure that beautiful gems decorated her tomb.

•The Taj Mahal is one of the wonders of the world.

• It is also a great tribute to love.

The flag

The top stripe is dark gold, the middle stripe is white, and the bottom stripe is green. The blue wheel in the middle is the Wheel of Life.

Celebrating the New Year

•The Hindu New Year falls in October or November of each year.

•It is called Diwali, the Festival of Lights.

•For Diwali, people get dressed up in new clothes, send cards to friends and family, and give out presents.

•Since it is the Festival of Lights, fireworks light up the sky.

Indian Family• In Indian families do not see that the same customs in Brazil.

There are differences in culture . The point is that , in India , almost never use the word “ family “ in the sense , perhaps, only the husband, the wife and children. In India , a family means something much more intimate , which covers numerous relatives near and far . In complex and absorbent areas of your home is the ultimate woman . They all live in the same place : spouse, wife, children , mother , grandchildren , and great-grandchildren to have . The older woman ‘s house, the mother is the one that requires skill to everything , that is, every act of administrative capacity .

• A relative who lives far away can come visit and stay : one week, one month or even the rest of his life without anyone complain about their presence . No person or same seniors are left sides , everyone still loved and respected in the family environment .

• Young adults still do not expect to associate mainly with people your age . Promoting a party matter automatically invite people of all ages

Culinary• India cuisine or Indian food encompasses a wide variety of regional

cuisines native to India. Given the range of diversity in soil type, climate and occupations, these cuisines vary significantly from each other and use locally available spices, herbs, vegetables and fruits. Indian food is also heavily influenced by religious and cultural choices.

• The development of these cuisines has been shaped by Dharmic beliefs, and in particular by vegetarianism, which is a growing dietary trend in Indian society. There has also been Central Asian influence on North Indian cuisine from the years of Mughal and Turkic Delhi Sultanate rule. Indian cuisine has been and is still evolving, as a result of the nation’s cultural interactions with other societies.

• Historical incidents such as foreign invasions, trade relations and colonialism have also played a role in introducing certain foods to the country. For instance, potato, a staple of Indian diet was brought to India by the Portuguese, who also introduced chillies and breadfruit. Indian cuisine has also shaped the history of international relations; the spice trade between India and Europe is often cited by historians as the primary catalyst for Europe’sAge of Discovery Spices were bought from India and traded around Europe and Asia. It has also influenced other cuisines across the world, especially those from Southeast Asia, the British Isles and the Caribbean.

Religions• Hinduism• In the 19th century, under influence of the colonial forces, a synthetic vision of Hinduism was

formulated by Raja Ram Mohan Roy, Swami Vivekananda,Sri Aurobindo, Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan and Mahatma Gandhi. These thinkers have tended to take an inclusive view of India’s religious history, onstantio the similarities between the various Indian religions.

• The modern era has given rise to dozens of Hindu saints with international influence. For example, Brahma Baba established the Brahma Kumaris, one of the largest new Hindu religious movements which teaches the discipline of Raja Yoga to millions. Representing traditional Gaudiya Vaishnavism, Prabhupada founded the Hare Krishna movement, another onstantion with a global reach. In late 18th century India, Swaminarayanfounded the Swaminarayan Sampraday. Anandamurti, founder of the Ananda Marga, has also influenced many worldwide. Through the international influence of all of these new Hindu denominations, many Hindu practices such as yoga, meditation, mantra, divination, and vegetarianism have been adopted by new converts.

• Jainism• Jainism continues to be an influential religion and Jain communities live in Indian

states Gujarat, Rajasthan, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Karnataka and Tamil Nadu. Jains authored several classical books in different Indian languages for a considerable period of time.

• Buddhism• The Dalit Buddhist movement (dubbed as Navayana by certain Ambedkerites) is a 19th and

20th-century Buddhist revival movement in India. It received its most substantial impetus from B. R. Ambedkar’s call for the conversion of Dalits to Buddhism, to escape a caste-based society that considered them to be the lowest in the hierarchy.

Indian Clothing•One of the main attire is Sari, a type of

women’s clothing made from fabric with a long 6m in length, where it is all wrapped up and tied the body of mulher.Além Sari, there is also the Salwar Kameez, which is a set of tunic and cotton pants and a black lehenga social, used in festivals and casamentos.Outra feature is Bindi, an accessory that mulheras put on the forehead.

•Men wear Dhoti a piece of cloth that they wrap the hips as calça.Uma male tunic called Kurta and Dupatta which is a handkerchief placed over the Kurta.

rangoli artRangoli is the traditional art of

decorating walls and courtyards with designs. Indian women make a paste out of flour and color it with crushed flowers and spices. They often compete to make the best designs.

• We will make Rangoli designs using paint and mural paper.

1. Each group will start with a basic design made of shapes.

2. You will keep using that design to make a bigger design to fill your mural paper.

3. You may use any colors available and any design made of shapes. There are patterns of triangles, circles, rectangles, squares that you may trace if you want.

4. Make sure everyone in your group takes part in the mural in some way.

5. We will display the murals in the room.

Fun

•The india has various places of leisure and entertainment, such as parks, clubs, shopping and india receives several tourists because it is a place of culture and striking with several beautiful churches and temples and is one of the better places to buy fabrics.

Kabaddi• Many Indian children play Kabaddi, which is a game similar to tag.• There is no equipment. You just need four or more people to play.

• HERE’S HOW TO PLAY: • 1. Divide players into two equal teams. Each team is on opposite

sides of the playing area. Whichever team starts has to pick a player to run to the other team’s side.

• 2. The runner takes a deep breath. The runner tries to tag the other team’s players without taking another breath. The runner has to keep saying “kabaddi-kabaddi” so he/she can’t take another breath.

• 3. The other players try not to get tagged. Those who get tagged try to catch the runner before he/she runs back to his/her side.

• 4. If the runner does not make it back to his/her side without taking a breath, the runner is out. If the runner doesmakes it back without taking a breath, then the players who got tagged are out.

• 5. Teams take turns sending runners. The team with the most players left wins.

Sports•Cricket•In India, the popular sport is cricket.•The game of cricket is played with a batsman, a wicket keeper, a bowler, and fielders.

•The bowler rolls the ball toward the batsman. The wicket keeper stands behind the batsman. The batsman hits the ball with a bat and runs back and forth between the bowler and the wicket keeper to score runs. The fielders try to catch the ball to get the batsman out.

Movies

•We love to watch movies in America. Hollywood is the biggest producer of films in the world, right?

•WRONG! India produces about eight hundred movies a year. That’s even more than Hollywood. Indian families love to go to the movies just as much as we do.

Curiosities1. Whenever they say right, they point left…and vice versa. We’ve learned to

follow their hands rather than their words.2. Their infamous head bobble, resembling our “uh-uh”, means yes, no OR

maybe.   In this case, we go with their words instead.3. For emphasis, English words are often repeated twice: “Same, same; nice,

nice.”4. Since they use a separate word for 100,000 rupees (lakH), any counting with

more than 4 zeros gets confusing-often Indians say one million when they mean one thousand.   For numbers-oriented people like us, this has made it tough to acquire accurate stats about economics and demographics.

5. Speaking of population, there is not even close to enough Energy in India to serve its 1.1 billion residents. So, daily power & water cuts, in excess of 3 hours, are the norm from big cities to the smallest villages.   Therefore, careful planning of one’s showers, toilet flushes and late night reading is essential. In fact, headlamps have been our onstant companions.

6. Exact change is imperative everywhere.   Even 50 rupee (U.S. $1.20), offered for 20 rupee of internet time, forces proprietors to run around the block asking fellow vendors for change.

7. The amount of brill cream Indian men use on their perfectly coiffed and immaculate hair is directly proportionate to the filthiness of the environment in which they live.  

8. Equal amount of care is also given to facial hair and the scalp.   No less than 2/3rds of all Indian men have mustaches and they are sure to prim and curl up their corners for a photo.   Also, numerous peculiar contraptions have been devised to enhance the lengthy head massages that follow all haircuts. 

Interview

Conclusion

•We conclude this work that India, even as a poor country, that is a country with a wealth culture very large and worth knowing.

Biblical Principle

•Principle of Individuality: All things that God created has a distinct identity.

Bibliography•http://comodirigirem.com/india.php•http://jmmfselene.blogspot.com.br/2009/02/

india-x-brasil-semelhancas-e-diferencas.html•http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%8Dndia•http://www.suapesquisa.com/paises/india/