Imperialism and Imperialism and the Victorian Erathe Victorian Era

Can you define the Can you define the following terms?following terms?

1.1. ImperialismImperialism

2.2. CapitalismCapitalism

3.3. NationalismNationalism

Queen VictoriaQueen Victoria

1.1. ImperialismImperialism – – A policy in which a A policy in which a strong nation seeks to dominate strong nation seeks to dominate other countries politically, other countries politically, economically and sociallyeconomically and socially

2.2. Capitalism – Economic system in Capitalism – Economic system in which the means of production are which the means of production are privately owned and operated for privately owned and operated for profitprofit

3.3. Nationalism – The belief that Nationalism – The belief that people should be loyal mainly to people should be loyal mainly to their nation – that is, to the people their nation – that is, to the people with whom they share a culture with whom they share a culture and a history, rather than to a and a history, rather than to a king or ruler.king or ruler.

Imperialism Imperialism or or

NationalismNationalism??

Decide whether the Decide whether the picture depicts picture depicts imperialism or imperialism or nationalism. Why nationalism. Why do you think so?do you think so?

Why Imperialism? Why Imperialism?

Empire BuildingEmpire Building EconomicsEconomics Political and Military Political and Military

InterestsInterests Power and AuthorityPower and Authority Nineteenth Century – Nineteenth Century –

1800s1800s British Dominance - British Dominance -

called the Victorian Era called the Victorian Era after Queen Victoria who after Queen Victoria who ruled for 64 yearsruled for 64 years

““The Sun Never Sets on the The Sun Never Sets on the British Empire”British Empire”

Examine the map below and then decide Examine the map below and then decide what that statement means.what that statement means.

Imperialism and Empire - AfricaImperialism and Empire - Africa 1880 – Most of 1880 – Most of

Africa consisted of Africa consisted of independent independent statesstates

1914 – With the 1914 – With the exception of exception of Ethiopia and Ethiopia and Liberia, all of Liberia, all of Africa was Africa was controlled by controlled by EuropeansEuropeans

Forces Enabling African and Forces Enabling African and Indian ImperialismIndian Imperialism

European technilogical superiorityEuropean technilogical superiority• SteamboatsSteamboats• Automatic machine gunAutomatic machine gun• LocomotiveLocomotive• TelegraphTelegraph

Europeans had the means to control their Europeans had the means to control their empiresempires• Easy travelEasy travel• Wide spread communicationWide spread communication

African and Indian disunityAfrican and Indian disunity• Huge variety of culturesHuge variety of cultures• Fighting among culturesFighting among cultures• Huge business interests and support fromHuge business interests and support from

companiescompanies

British in IndiaBritish in India British East India company controlled British East India company controlled

much of India using sepoys.much of India using sepoys. Sepoys – Native Hindu or Muslim Sepoys – Native Hindu or Muslim

mercenary private policemercenary private police Crops: opium poppies for sale in China Crops: opium poppies for sale in China

and cotton and tea for sale in the rest of and cotton and tea for sale in the rest of the British empirethe British empire

Cotton textile making outlawed in IndiaCotton textile making outlawed in India India was so profitable, it was called the India was so profitable, it was called the

“Jewel in the Crown.”“Jewel in the Crown.”

Imperialism and Empire - IndiaImperialism and Empire - India The Sepoy Rebellion The Sepoy Rebellion

allowed British soldiers to allowed British soldiers to invade and control all of invade and control all of IndiaIndia

The British established The British established control of India and its control of India and its neighbors by 1914.neighbors by 1914.

The British controlled The British controlled Australia, New Zealand Australia, New Zealand and much of the far east. and much of the far east. The worlds’ biggest The worlds’ biggest empire!empire!

Imperialism in ChinaImperialism in China Because of repeated Because of repeated

attempts at invasion, attempts at invasion, China distrusted China distrusted foreigners and tried to foreigners and tried to remain isolationist.remain isolationist.

They were unsuccessful.They were unsuccessful. Britain gained spheres of Britain gained spheres of

influence in China through influence in China through smuggling opium. smuggling opium. Resulted in Opium War Resulted in Opium War and Boxer Uprising.and Boxer Uprising.

Suez Canal - 1875Suez Canal - 1875(page 629)(page 629)

Europeans needed a faster way to Europeans needed a faster way to get from the Mediterranean to the get from the Mediterranean to the Indian OceanIndian Ocean

The French and the Egyptians, with The French and the Egyptians, with funding from France, began a canal funding from France, began a canal to connect the two water bodies.to connect the two water bodies.

Because Egypt could not pay their Because Egypt could not pay their canal debts, they sold their shares canal debts, they sold their shares to Great Britainto Great Britain

1882 – Egyptian nationalists rebel 1882 – Egyptian nationalists rebel against foreign influence. British against foreign influence. British make Egypt a protectorate and take make Egypt a protectorate and take over control of the canal.over control of the canal.

Imperialism in AmericaImperialism in America Early imperialism called Manifest Destiny – to expand Early imperialism called Manifest Destiny – to expand

from “sea to shining sea.” Indian wars, the Mexican War from “sea to shining sea.” Indian wars, the Mexican War and the Civil War have been called examples of such and the Civil War have been called examples of such imperialism. imperialism.

Americans moved out into the Pacific Ocean in the Americans moved out into the Pacific Ocean in the nineteenth century (1800s). Took control of Hawaii.nineteenth century (1800s). Took control of Hawaii.

Japan – in 1853 Commodore Matthew Perry opened up Japan – in 1853 Commodore Matthew Perry opened up trade with Japan by threatening military actiontrade with Japan by threatening military action

Japanese opened up trade to everyone. By 1830, Japan Japanese opened up trade to everyone. By 1830, Japan itself was an imperialist power, taking control of the itself was an imperialist power, taking control of the Pacific. This led to American involvement in WWII.Pacific. This led to American involvement in WWII.

Fought a war with Spain in 1898. Acquired the Fought a war with Spain in 1898. Acquired the Philippines, Guam and Puerto Rico. (Spanish American Philippines, Guam and Puerto Rico. (Spanish American War)War)

The Age of Imperialism, 1850-1914The Age of Imperialism, 1850-1914

To gain power, European nations compete for colonies and trade.

NationalismNationalism

Europeans exerted influence over the economic, political, and social lives of people they

colonized.

Europeans believe they must spread their Christian teachings to the world.

Missionary SpiritMissionary Spirit

Demand for raw materials and new markets spurs a search for colonies.

Economic CompetitionEconomic Competition

CausesCauses

The Age of Imperialism, 1850-1914The Age of Imperialism, 1850-1914

Europeans control land and people in areas of Africa, Asia, and Latin America.

ColonizationColonization

Christianity is spread to Africa, India, and Asia.

ChristianizationChristianization

Europeans control trade in the colonies and set up dependent cash-crop economies.

Colonial EconomicsColonial Economics

Effects

Europeans exerted influence over the economic, political, and social lives of people they

colonized.