hypersonic aircrafts

7/31/2019 Hypersonic Aircrafts

1/36

HYPERSONIC AIRCRAFTS

The aim of this presentation is to acquaint you allwith the hypersonic technology, its modernization,

the difficulties and challenges scientists are facingdeveloping this technology and its futureprospects

AIM

AIM

1


2/36

Part 1: Definition and Significance

Part 2: Historical Perspective

Part 3: High Speed Air Breathing EnginesPart 4: Features of Hypersonic FlowPart 5: Advancement in Hypersonic LiftingBodies and Wave-Riders Concept

Part 6: ApplicationsPart 7: Challenges

Part 8: Conclusion

SEQUENCE

2



3/36


4/36


Definition:

Aircraft capable of flyingat speeds greater thanfive times the speed of

sound.

DEFINITION AND SIGNFICANCE


4


5/36


Significance:

Flight at hypersonicspeeds is required toefficiently reach space

and return from it

DEFINITION AND SIGNFICANCE


5


6/36

PART 2

HISTORICAL PRESPECTIVE

6


7/36


In 1933, German rocketexpert Eugene Sangerpublished his concept for

an antipodal bomber

In February, 1949, theU.S. Army launched the V-2 WAC Corporal rocket



7


8/36


On April 12,1961, Sovietflight Major Yuri Gagarin

returned to Earth



8


9/36


X-15 Program:

X-15 flight testsrevealed a number of

interesting facts abouthypersonic flights

The third X-15 was lost



9


10/36


11/36


Scramjet Engines:

The scramjet uses a

slightly modified BraytonCycle

The scramjet is about 7times more efficient than

the rocket at Mach 7 The scramjet overcomesheat load limit usingsupersonic combustion

HIGH SPEED AIR-BREATHING ENGINES

Part 3: High Speed Air-Breathing Engines

11


12/36

HYPERSONIC AIRCRAFTSHIGH SPEED AIR-BREATHING ENGINES


12


13/36


Combination cycleengine:

The dual-mode scramjet can

operate over the ramjet andscramjet speed range, fromabout Mach 3 to at least Mach15.

The resulting engine is calleda rocket-based combinedcycle engine.

HIGH SPEED AIR-BREATHING ENGINES


13


14/36

HYPERSONIC AIRCRAFTSHIGH SPEED AIR-BREATHING ENGINES


14


15/36

15


16/36

PART 4

FEATURES OF HYPERSONIC

FLOW

16


17/36


The air flowing arounda vehicle moving athypersonic speeds has

several interestingfeatures

Sheer difficulty ofconducting flow

experiments underhypersonic conditions

FEATURES OF HYPERSONIC AIRFLOW

Part 4:Features of Hypersonic Airflow

17


18/36

HYPERSONIC AIRCRAFTSFEATURES OF HYPERSONIC AIRFLOW

Part 4: Features of Hypersonic Airflow

18


19/36

PART 5

19


20/36

ADVANCEMENT IN HYPERSONIC LIFTING

BODIES AND WAVE-RIDER CONCEPT


The USAF and NASAhave studied hypersonic

lifting bodies for almost50 years now

The X-20 Dyna-Soar

The X-23 lifting body

X-24A and X-24B NASA/Boeing X-37

Boeing X-40

Part 5: Advancement in Hypersonic Lifting Bodies and Wave-Rider Concept

20

21


21/36




X-38 in 1990s

The NASA/Lockheed Martin

X-33 reusable launch vehicle.A smaller predecessor of theLockheed Venture Star

The Buran (Snowstorm)

Soviet space shuttle


21

22


22/36





22

Wave-Rider Concept:

Aircraft configurations

optimized for aerodynamicflight at hypersonic speedsare generally thin and flat

Wave rider configurations

generally exhibit ruddersand elevator-aileroncombinations (elevons) asprimary control surfaces

23


23/36

PART 6

APPLICATIONS

23

24


24/36


Numerous studiesperformed over past 50years show potential

benefits of higher speedflight systems

Hypersonic aircraft donot offer much promise to

weary airline passengersin the near future

APPLICATIONS

Part 6: Applications

24

25


25/36


Military Applications:Military benefits ofhypersonic vehicles are

versatility, response time,survivability, and un fueledrange

APPLICATIONS


25

26


26/36


Space LaunchApplication:

Benefits of air-

breathing launchsystems are improvedsafety, missionflexibility, vehicledesign robustness andreduced operatingcosts

APPLICATIONS


26

27


27/36

PART 7

CHALLENGES

27


28/36

29


29/36


Design methods:Systems studies toidentify potential vehicle

configurationsDesign Optimization:Due to the relatively smallexcess thrust generated

by a scramjet, somemethod is needed toimprove performance andto define operability limits.

CHALLENGES AND SUMMARY

Part 7: Challenges

29

30


30/36


Experimental Facilities ,Measurements and TestMethodology:

Scramjet engine andhypersonic vehicledevelopment requires anintegral design and

systems engineeringapproach.


Part 7: Challenges

30

31


31/36


Flight Testing:

Flight testing remainsan important element in

hypersonic propulsionand vehicledevelopment


Part 7: Challenges

31

32


32/36

PART 8

CONCLUSION

33


33/36


Technology advanceswithin the USA andaround the world prove

that efficient hypersonicflight is possible

The greatest benefitto mankind will be inspace accessapplications

CONCLUSION

Part 8: Summary and Conclusion

34


34/36

Now the general who wins a battle makes manycalculations in his temple where the battle is fought.

The general who loses a battle makes but few

calculations beforehand. Thus do many calculations

lead to victory, and few calculations to defeat: how

much more no calculation at all!

It is by attention to this point that I can foresee who

is likely to win or lose.

SUN TZU ART OF WAR

35


35/36

Question & Answer

36


36/36

THANK YOU

hypersonic aircrafts

Documents