human osteology asa bio 2014 williams. major divisions of the body cranial – skull infracranial...
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Human OsteologyASA Bio 2014
Williams
Major Divisions of the Body
Cranial – skull
Infracranial – the rest of the body
Axial – trunk & head (parts in midline)
Appendicular – appendages/ limbs
Includes pelvic and shoulder girdles
Upper Limb
Clavicle
Scapula
Humerus
Radius
Ulna
Carpals
Metacarpals
Phalanges
Clavicle
1 right & 1 left
Articulates with sternum medially and scapula laterally
Part of shoulder girdle
Scapula
1 right & 1 left
Articulates with clavicle and humerus
Does NOT articulate with ribs
Part of shoulder girdle
Humerus
1 right & 1 left
Articulates with scapula, ulna & radius
Ulna
1 right & 1 left
Articulates with humerus & radius
Connected to radius by interosseous membrane
Does NOT articulate with carpal bones
Radius
1 right & 1 left
Articulates with humerus, ulna, and proximo-lateral aspect of carpal bones
Connected to ulna by interosseous membrane
Carpals
Bones of the wrist
8 elements (per side)
2 rows of 4
Proximal row articulates with radius
Distal row articulates with metacarpals
Metacarpals
Bones of the hand
5 elements (per side)
Articulate with distal row of carpals and phalanges
Numbered lateral to medial
MC1 – MC5
Manual Phalanges
Bones of the fingers
14 elements (per side)
Separated into three rows
Proximal phalanges (5)
Intermediate phalanges (4)
Distal phalanges (5)
Singular – phalanx
Intermediate
Lower LimbInnominate
Femur
Patella
Tibia
Fibula
Tarsals
Metatarsals
Phalanges
Innominate
Os coxa
1 right & 1 left
Articulate with sacrum posteriorly, other innominate anteriorly, and femur laterally
Innominates
3 parts
Ilium
Ischium
Pubis
Femur
1 right & 1 left
Considered strongest bone
Articulates with innominate, tibia, and patella
Patella
1 right & 1 left
Sesamoid bone
Articulates only with femur
Tibia
1 right & 1 left
Articulates with femur, fibula and talus (tarsal bone)
Weight bearing bone of the lower leg
Connected to fibula with interosseous membrane
Fibula
1 right & 1 left
Non-weight bearing
Articulates with tibia and talus (tarsal bone)
Connected to tibia by interosseous membrane
Tarsals
Bones of the ankle
7 elements (per side)
Articulate with each other, tibia, fibula, and metatarsals
Metatarsals
Bones of the foot
5 elements (per side)
Numbered medially to laterally
MT1 – MT5
Articulate with tarsals and phalanges
Pedal Phalanges
Bones of the toes
14 elements (per side)
Separated into three rows
Proximal phalanges (5)
Intermediate phalanges (4)
Distal phalanges (5)
Singular – phalanx