how to make a research paper_pdf

7/25/2019 How to Make a Research Paper_PDF

1/41

HOW TO MAKE A RESEARCH

PROTOCOL

ROWENA M. NACIONALES- VIRREY, MD


2/41


3/41

OUTLINE

Whydoresearh!

Ho"#o$a%earesearh

&ro#oo'!


4/41

CLINICAL SITUATION( PRO)LEMS

I*reas+**$ero/MDRT)ases+*#hePh+'+&&+*es

HIVe&+de$++*#hePh+'+&&+*es

A*#+$+ro+a'res+s#a*e

Hy&er#e*s+o*a*dd+ae#es


5/41

WHY DO RESEARCH!

Developingtreatments

Developingnewtests

Providingcare

Findingoutcauses


6/41

RESEARCH PROPOSAL

Aresearh&ro&osa'+sade#a+'eddesr++o*o/a

&ro&oseds#dydes+*ed#o+*0es#+a#ea+0e*

&ro'e$.

Isa*+*+#+a'se#o/+deas/oraresearhs#dy"h+hares&&or#edya'+#era#rere0+e"a*d(or&+'o#

s#dy.

O$a*Med+a'1or*a'2334,Vo'$e25,Isse2,A&r+'2334

Researh a*dI**o0a#+o*,Nor#h)r+s#o'


7/41

RESEARCH PROTOCOL

Isade#a+'edse#o/a#+0+#+es/or#he&ro6e#yo

&ro&ose

Thesea#+0+#+esares&&or#edye0+de*e/ro$o#her

researha*d/ro$yor&re'+$+*ary+*0es#+a#+o*s.

I#+sa0a'a'e&ra#+a'#+$e#a'ea*d+de#oyor

a#+0+#+esa*dsho"sso$e/ores+h#+*#o"ha#yoare

#ry+*#oah+e0e. Researh a*dI**o0a#+o*,Nor#h)r+s#o'


8/41

ELEMENTS O7 RESEARCH PROPOSAL

T+#'eo/#heResearhPro6e#

Pro6e#S$$ary(As#ra#

I*#rod#+o*

Theore#+a'7ra$e"or%(

)a%ro*d

Me#hodo'oy

Da#aa*a'ys+s

T+$e#a'e

)de#

h##&9((""".*+.*'$.*+h.o0(&$(ar#+'es(PMC5242:25(&d/(OM1-D-34-3333;.&d/
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3282423/pdf/OMJ-D-08-00005.pdfhttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3282423/pdf/OMJ-D-08-00005.pdf


9/41

TITLE O7THE RESEARCH PRO1ECT

Shor#,ara#e,a*do*+se.

I#sho'd$a%e#hee*#ra'o6e#+0esa*d0ar+a'eso/#hes#dy'ear.

The#+#'e&ro0+des#he


10/41

PRO1ECT SUMMARY >A)STRACT?

I#+sar+e/s$$aryo/a&&ro8+$a#e'y533"ords.

I#sho'd+*'de#he$a+*researh@es#+o*,#hera#+o*a'e/or#hes#dy,#hehy&o#hes+s>+/a*y?a*d#he

$e#hod.

I#sho'dr+eydesr+e#he$e#hodsa*d

&roedres'a+do#+*#hehaero*$e#hodo'oy


11/41

INTRODUCTION

Pro0+des#hereaders"+#h#hea%ro*d+*/or$a#+o*.

I#s&r&ose+s#oes#a'+sha/ra$e"or%/or#heresearh,so#ha#readersa**ders#a*dho"+#re'a#es#oo#herresearh.

I#sho'da*s"er#he@es#+o*o/"hy#heresearh

*eeds#oedo*ea*d"ha#"+''e+#sre'e0a*e.

I#s#he&ro&osa'+*o*#e8#.


12/41

STATEMENT O7THE PRO)LEM

Esse*#+a'as+s/or#heo*s#r#+o*o/aresearh&ro&osa'

>researho6e#+0es,hy&o#heses,$e#hodo'oy,"or%&'a*

a*dde#e#?.

C'ear'ys&e+=es#hea&s+*e8+s#+*%*o"'edeo/#he

&ro'e$a*d(or#hee8+s#+*o*#ro0ersya*d#he*o*-

o*'s+0ee0+de*e

7oro*'s+0ee0+de*e,+*0es#+a#or@es#+o*s#he

a$'a#ed%*o"'edeeaseo/er#a+*e0e*#s#ha#

heorshe+*#e*ds#os6e##o0er+=a#+o*.


13/41

SEBUENCE 7OR PRESENTINTHE

STATEMENT

Magnitude,frequency,anddistribution.A ectedff geographical

areasandpopulationgroupsa ectedff bytheproblem.Ethnicand

genderconsiderations.

Probablecausesoftheproblem:Whatisthecurrentknowledgeo

theproblemanditscauses!"sthereconsensus!"sthere

controversy!"sthereconclusiveevidence!

Possiblesolutions:"nwhatwayshavesolutionstotheproblembeenattempted!Whathasbeenproposed!Whataretheresults!

Unansweredquestions:Whatremainstobeanswered!Whatareas

havenotbeenpossibletounderstand#determine#veriy#ortest!


14/41

THEORETICAL 7RAMEWORK

>)ACKROUND?

Der+0ed/ro$#hes#a#e$e*#o/#he&ro'e$

Ar$e*#a#+o* a*d de$o*s#ra#+o* #ha# #he


15/41

RESEARCH O)1ECTIVES

oa's#oeah+e0edyo*d#+*#heresearh

Theyare#he+*#e''e#a'a#+0+#+es#ha##he+*0es#+a#or"

&er/or$#hroho##heresearh&roess


16/41

e*era'O6e#+0e

Th+ssho'ds&e+/y"ha#%+*do/%*o"'ede#hes#dy

+se8&e#ed#oo#a+*.

I#sho'd+0ea'ear*o#+o*o/"ha#+s#oe

desr+ed,de#er$+*ed,+de*#+=ed,o$&ared,a*d,+*

#heaseso/s#d+es"+#h"or%+*hy&o#heses,

o*=r$ed

E8a$&'e9Tode#er$+*e"he#heror*o#a*e"0a+*e

sho'de+*or&ora#ed+*a&'+hea'#h&rora$.


17/41

&e+=O6e#+0es

re'a#e#o#hes&e+=researh@es#+o*s#he+*0es#+a#o

"a*#s#oa*s"er#hroh#he&ro&oseds#dy

$aye&rese*#edas&r+$arya*dseo*daryo6e#+0es

E8a$&'e

Pr+$ary9Tode#er$+*e#hedereeo/&ro#e#+o*#ha#

+s a##r+#a'e #o #he *e" 0a+*e +* a s#dy

&o&'a#+o* y o$&ar+* #he 0a+*a#ed a*d*0a+*a#edro&s.

Seo*dary9 To s#dy #he os#-ee#+0e*ess o/ #h+

&rora$$e.


18/41

VARIA)LES

. I*de&e*de*#0ar+a'es90ar+a'es#ha#are$a*+&'a#edor

#rea#ed+*as#dy+*order#osee"ha#ee#d+ere*es+*#he

"+''ha0eo*#hose0ar+a'es&ro&osedase+*de&e*de*#o*

#he$.

Sy*o*y$s/or#he#er$F+*de&e*de*#0ar+a'eG"h+haresed+*

'+#era#reare9ase,+*,&red+s&os+*/a#or,r+s%/a#or,

de#er$+*a*#,a*#eede*#,hara#er+s#+a*da##r+#e.

2. De&e*de*#0ar+a'es90ar+a'es+*"h+hha*esareres'#so/

#he'e0e'ora$o*#o/#he+*de&e*de*#0ar+a'eor0ar+a'es.

y*o*y$s9ee#,o#o$e,o*se@e*e,res'#,o*d+#+o*,d+seas


19/41


20/41

EERCISE

Hea'#heda#+o*+*0o'0+*a#+0e&ar#++&a#+o*y

$o#hers"+''&rode$ore&os+#+0eha*es+*h+'d

/eed+*#ha*hea'#heda#+o*asedo*'e#resJ.

I*de&e*de*#Var+a'e!

De&e*de*#Var+a'e!


21/41

5.Co*/o*d+*or+*#er0e*+*0ar+a'es90ar+a'es#ha#

sho'des#d+edease#hey$ay+*e*eorF$+8G

#heee#o/#he+*de&e*de*#0ar+a'es.

E8a$&'e9+*as#dyo/#heee#o/$eas'es+*de&e*de*#0ar+a'e?o*h+'d$or#a'+#y>de&e*de*#

ar+a'e?,#he*#r+#+o*a's#a#so/#heh+'d$ay&'aya*

*#er0e*+*>o*/o*d+*?ro'e.


22/41

:.)a%ro*d0ar+a'es90ar+a'es#ha#aresoo/#e*o/

re'e0a*e+*+*0es#+a#+o*so/ro&sor&o&'a#+o*s#ha#

#heysho'deo*s+dered/or&oss+'e+*'s+o*+*#he

s#dy.

E8a$&'e9 se8,ae,e#h*+or++*,eda#+o*,$ar+#a's#a#s,so+a's#a#se#.


23/41

BUESTION( HYPOTHESIS

Te*#a#+0e&red+#+o*ore8&'a*a#+o*o/#here'a#+o*sh+&

e#"ee*#"oor$ore0ar+a'es.

I##ra*s'a#es#he&ro'e$s#a#e$e*#+*#oa&re+se,

*a$+os&red+#+o*o/e8&e#edo#o$es.

No#$ea*##oeha&haardesses,#sho'd

ree##hedeho/%*o"'ede,+$a+*a#+o*a*d

e8&er+e*eo/#he+*0es#+a#or.


24/41

METHODOLOY

E8&'a+*s#he&roedres#ha#"+''esed#oah+e0e

#heo6e#+0es

Sho'do*s+ders#dydes+*a*d#he#eh*+@es

a*d&roedressed#oah+e0e#he&ro&osed

o6e#+0es


25/41

COMPONENTS O7 METHODOLOY

RESEARCHDESIN

Is#heoreo/researhdes+*.

Thes+*'e$os#+$&or#a*#de+s+o*#he+*0es#+a#or

has#o$a%e.Theho+eo/#hes#ra#ey,"he#her

desr++0e,a*a'y#+a',e8&er+$e*#a',o&era#+o*a'or

ao$+*a#+o*o/#hesede&e*do*a*$ero/o*s+dera#+o*s,##h+sho+e$s#ee8&'a+*ed+*

re'a#+o*#o#hes#dyo6e#+0es


26/41


27/41

RESEARCHSU)1ECTSORPARTICIPANTS

Wha#are#her+#er+a/or+*'s+o*orse'e#+o*!

Wha#are#her+#er+a/ore8's+o*! Wha#+s#hesa$&'+*&roedreyo"+''sesoas#o

e*srere&rese*#a#+0e*essa*dre'+a+'+#yo/#hesa$&'e

a*d#o$+*+$+esa$&'+*errors!

W+''#hereeseo/o*#ro's+*yors#dy!


28/41

SAMPLESIE

Ca''a#+o*o/sa$&'es+ehasee*$adeeasyy

o$erso/#"are&rora$$es,##he&r+*+&'es

*der'y+*#hees#+$a#+o*sho'de"e''

*ders#ood.


29/41

ETHICALISSUES

Co*+#o/I*#eres#

I*/or$edCo*se*#


30/41

RESEARCHSETTIN.

Theresearhse##+*+*'desa''#he&er#+*e*#/ae#so/

#hes#dy,shas#he&o&'a#+o*#oes#d+ed>sa$&'+*

/ra$e?,#he&'aea*d#+$eo/s#dy.

S#dy+*s#r$e*#s9

I*s#r$e*#sare#he#oo'sy"h+h#heda#aareo''e#ed.7or0a'+da#ed@es#+o**a+res(+*#er0+e" shed'es,

re/ere*e#o&'+shed"or%sho'de+0e*a*d#he

+*s#r$e*#a&&e*ded#o#he&ro&osa


31/41

Co''e#+o*o/da#a

Ashor#desr++o*o/#he&ro#oo'o/da#a

o''e#+o*.Th+s$+*+$+es#he&oss++'+#yo/

o*/s+o*,de'aysa*derrors.


32/41

MONITORIN, SUPERVISION AND

BUALITY CONTROL

De#a+'eds#a#e$e*#ao##hea'''o+s#+a'+sses#o

sa#+s/y#here@+re$e*#so/oodC'+*+a'Pra#+es

>CP?,&ro#oo'&roedres,res&o*s++'+#+eso/eah

$e$ero/#heresearh#ea$,#ra+*+*o/s#dy+*0es#+a#ors,s#e&s#a%e*#oassre@a'+#yo*#ro'


33/41

DATA ANALYSIS

Thedesr++o*sho'd+*'de#hedes+*o/#he

a*a'ys+s/or$,&'a*s/or&roess+*a*dod+*#he

da#aa*d#heho+eo/#hes#a#+s#+a'$e#hod#oe

a&&'+ed#oeahda#a.Wha#"+''e#he&roedres/or

ao*#+*/or$+ss+*,*sedors&r+osda#a!


34/41

ANTT CHART(TIMETA)LE

Aa*##har#+sa*o0er0+e"o/#as%s(&ro&osed

a#+0+#+esa*da#+$e/ra$e/or#hesa$e.

Yo"ee%s,daysor$o*#hsa#o*es+de,a*d#he

#as%sa##heo#her.Yodra"/a#'+*es#o+*d+a#e#he

&er+od#he#as%"+''e&er/or$ed#o+0ea#+$e'+*e/oryorresearhs#dy


35/41


36/41

)UDET

A&ro&osa'de#"+#h+#e$"+se(a#+0+#y"+se

rea%do"*a*d6s#+=a#+o*/or#hesa$e.I*d+a#e

ho""+''#hes#dye=*a*ed.


37/41

RE7ERENCES

The&ro&osa'sho'de*d"+#hre'e0a*#re/ere*eso*

#hes6e#.7or"easedsearh+*'de#heda#eo/aess/or#he+#ed"es+#e,/ore8a$&'e9add#he

se*#e*eaessedo*1*e3,2334J.


38/41


39/41

APPENDIES

I*'de#hea&&ro&r+a#ea&&e*d+8es+*#he&ro&osa'.7or

e8a$&'e9I*#er0+e"&ro#oo's,sa$&'eo/+*/or$edo*se*#/or$s,o0er'e##ersse*##oa&&ro&r+a#es#a%eho'ders,

o+a''e##ers/or&er$+ss+o*#oo*d#researh.

Reard+*or++*a'sa'esor@es#+o**a+res,+/#he

+*s#r$e*#+so&yr+h#ed#he*&er$+ss+o*+*"r+#+*#o

re&rode#he+*s#r$e*#/ro$#heo&yr+h#ho'deror

&roo/o/&rhaseo/#he+*s#r$e*#$s#es$+##ed.


40/41


41/41

HAVE A NICE DAY!!!

how to make a research paper_pdf

Documents