Murdock Site Visit, 5 September 2014Evolution of Human Olfaction

Kara C Hoover, Anthropology

A little background

THE NOSE IS AN ENVIRONMENTAL PROBE

Porter et al, 2007 (Nature Neuroscience)

Buck and Axel, 1991 (Nature)

Genomic evidence for olfactory evolution

Bendesky and Bargmann, 2011 (Nature Reviews Genetics)

Bushdid et al. 2014 (Science)

Pilot Study: What is the distribution of variation in OR7D4?

OR7D4 and Androstenone

Keller et al. 2007 (Nature)

Samples

Africa 203 Asia 307 America 136 Europe 364Biaka 5 Ami 10 Indig. America 23 Ashkenazi 10Kenya 97 Atayal 9 Karitiana 5 Basque 10Mbuti 5 Han-Beijing 97 Maya 4 Czech. 10Sub-Sahara 9 Han-South 102 Pima 5 Finland 93Yoruba 88 Japan 89 Quechuan 4 Great Britain 89

Surui 5 Hungary 9N. Africa 7 Admixed America 113 Iberia 14

Columbia 60 Iceland 12Melanesia 5 Puerto Rico 53 N. Europe 10

Russia 9Tuscany 98

FST MATRIX

Geographic Distribution, RT/WM

AMOVA results------------------------------------------------------------------------ Source of Sum of Variance Percentage variation squares components variation------------------------------------------------------------------------ Among groups 85.346 0.46609 11.13701*

Among populations within groups 148.984 0.31135 7.43948*

Within populations 1032.506 3.40765 81.42351*------------------------------------------------------------------------ Total 1266.836 4.18509------------------------------------------------------------------------*Significant (p = 0.00)

Current Project: Data mining the 1000 Genomes and more…

MiSeq project: Genotype-Phenotype Variation

Odorant Descriptor Genes-carvone Caraway OR1A1, OR8B3(+)-menthol Mint OR8K32-ethylfenchol Beer (earth, peat) OR11A12-heptanone Blue cheese OR5H14Allyl phenyl acetate Honey OR51L1Androstenone Pork (boar taint) OR7D4Anisaldehyde Anise OR6P1Caramel furanone (concentrated) Fenugreek (curry) OR8D1Caramel furanone (dilute) Caramel (burnt sugar) OR8D1Cinnamaldehyde Cinnamon OR2J3Eugenol Clove OR4Q3, OR10G7Guaiacol Smoke OR10G4Isovaleric acid Sweat/Dog OR51E1Methanethiol Rotting OR2M7N-amyl acetate Pear OR4E2Octanethiol Sulphur OR2C1Vanillin Vanilla OR10G3, OR10G4

MiSeq Benefits• Practicalities

• Less optimizing• Faster results compared to HiSeq in non-rapid mode• Up to 300bp

• Ideal for the 20 OR genes I have targeted for field study• Ancient DNA

• Great for creating ancient genome libraries• Sample projects for MiSeq

• Medieval Moravians• Shenks Ferry, proto-historic Native Americans• Prehistoric Japan

Sorokowska et al. 2014 (PLOS One)

Tsimane