HIV & AIDS Update:HIV & AIDS Update:Your Sexual HealthYour Sexual Health

Disease TransmissionDisease TransmissionPreventionPrevention

TestingTesting

Presenter: Judy Thorne, MPA Presenter: Judy Thorne, MPA HIV Education CoordinatorHIV Education Coordinator

Master of Public Health Program Master of Public Health Program Idaho State University/MeridianIdaho State University/Meridian

Information is vitalInformation is vital

As teenagers, you will be facing As teenagers, you will be facing many new decisions in your lifemany new decisions in your life

Understanding what can put you at Understanding what can put you at risk for disease is very importantrisk for disease is very important

None of this is meant to scare you – remember, None of this is meant to scare you – remember, knowledge is very empowering knowledge is very empowering

You can also be an informed educator to othersYou can also be an informed educator to others

Who can tell me what the Who can tell me what the

letters HIV and AIDS each letters HIV and AIDS each

stand for?stand for?

HIV: Human Immunodeficiency HIV: Human Immunodeficiency Virus Virus

AIDS: Acquired ImmunodeficiencyAIDS: Acquired Immunodeficiency

SyndromeSyndrome

OK, now what does each of these OK, now what does each of these mean? mean?

HIV can harmHIV can harm

you because it you because it

attacks your attacks your

body’s immune body’s immune

system system

True or FalseTrue or False

A low immune system can allow A low immune system can allow opportunistic infections to invade opportunistic infections to invade your bodyyour body

This is called AIDSThis is called AIDS

TrueTrue

AIDS is a stage of disease where your AIDS is a stage of disease where your immune (T, CD4, helper) cells drop immune (T, CD4, helper) cells drop below the level of 200 cells per mm below the level of 200 cells per mm blood blood (a healthy person has about 800)(a healthy person has about 800)

and your body cannot fight off simple and your body cannot fight off simple infectionsinfections

Medications today can help people with both HIV and AIDS Medications today can help people with both HIV and AIDS live much longer than they used tolive much longer than they used to

Origins of HIVOrigins of HIV

Likely resulted from hybridization Likely resulted from hybridization (merging) of two simian (monkey) (merging) of two simian (monkey)

virusesviruses

HIV moved to humans in Africa HIV moved to humans in Africa around 1930 or earlier around 1930 or earlier

HIV and SIVHIV and SIV

HIV-1

SIV-1

SIV-2

HIV-2

Sooty Mangabeys

Chimpanzees

Adults and Children Living with HIV/AIDS

Total: 40+ million Data from UNAIDS

N. America1.2 million

Caribbean420,000

Latin America1.5 million

Western Europe550,000

Sub-SaharanAfrica 28.5 million

Asia & Pacific6.6 million

Australia & NewZealand 15,000

North Africa500,000

Eastern Europe1 million

U.S. casesU.S. cases

OVER 56,000 new infections OVER 56,000 new infections every year in the U.S. every year in the U.S.

Most infections are found in Most infections are found in people ages 13-29 years people ages 13-29 years

HIV in Idaho – PrevalenceHIV in Idaho – Prevalence(*estimate additional 20-25% undiagnosed)(*estimate additional 20-25% undiagnosed)

HIV HIV AIDSAIDS

District 1 62 75District 1 62 75 District 2 33 38District 2 33 38 District 3District 3 68 68

8181 District 4 265 223District 4 265 223 District 5 54 61District 5 54 61 District 6 69 51District 6 69 51 District 7 45 40District 7 45 40

** Total 596 569Total 596 569 1165

(As of June 30, 2009)

True or FalseTrue or False

Most cases of HIV infection in Most cases of HIV infection in Idaho occur in older people Idaho occur in older people ages 40-49 years ages 40-49 years

FALSEFALSE

41% of the cases of HIV infection in 41% of the cases of HIV infection in

Idaho occur in ages Idaho occur in ages 20-2920-29 years years

andand 15% of AIDS cases are in this 15% of AIDS cases are in this

age groupage group

What is HIV What is HIV

Life Cycle of HIV-1Life Cycle of HIV-1

Ways to transmit HIVWays to transmit HIV Unprotected sexual activityUnprotected sexual activityInternet chat-rooms have become a place where people Internet chat-rooms have become a place where people

are meeting and this is leading to HIV transmissionsare meeting and this is leading to HIV transmissions

Needle sharing and other “works”Needle sharing and other “works” Needle sticks or exposure to bloodNeedle sticks or exposure to blood Mother-childMother-child Blood transfusions Blood transfusions

OK,OK,

Now that you know how you can Now that you know how you can get HIV, how do you think you get HIV, how do you think you

could prevent it?could prevent it?

AbstinenceAbstinence (not engaging in sex)(not engaging in sex)• Don’t assume everyone has the same definition of Don’t assume everyone has the same definition of

abstinence – your partner’s past behaviors could put abstinence – your partner’s past behaviors could put

you at risk. Some couples get tested together.you at risk. Some couples get tested together.• Surf the internet only with your parent’s OK - use good Surf the internet only with your parent’s OK - use good

judgment and don’t put yourself at risk!judgment and don’t put yourself at risk!

Someday, if/when you choose to Someday, if/when you choose to engage in sex, engage in sex, useuse protectionprotection

(condoms: both male and female)(condoms: both male and female) Avoid drugs and alcoholAvoid drugs and alcohol When the time comes in your life, get When the time comes in your life, get

tested before you have a babytested before you have a baby

True or FalseTrue or False

If you knew someone who was HIV+,If you knew someone who was HIV+,

you could get HIV from coming intoyou could get HIV from coming into

contact with their contact with their sweat, urine or tearssweat, urine or tears

FalseFalse

The only bodily fluids that can transmit The only bodily fluids that can transmit HIV are: HIV are:

BloodBlood SemenSemen Vaginal fluidVaginal fluid Breast milkBreast milk

Other bodily fluids only if there was blood Other bodily fluids only if there was blood present/visiblepresent/visible

Don’t be afraid to kiss, hug, or share food with someone who Don’t be afraid to kiss, hug, or share food with someone who has HIV has HIV

HIV and AIDSHIV and AIDSLesson 2 Lesson 2

Disease symptomsDisease symptoms

Window period of the virus Window period of the virus

Rapid testingRapid testing

Question for candy…Question for candy…

Who can be affected by HIV?Who can be affected by HIV?

Answer…Answer…

Anyone!Anyone!

If they engage in unprotected sex or If they engage in unprotected sex or share drug use equipmentshare drug use equipment

Any age, any gender, anyoneAny age, any gender, anyone

People close to them are also People close to them are also affected by this diseaseaffected by this disease

Early HIV InfectionEarly HIV Infection

Symptoms present days to weeks Symptoms present days to weeks after initial exposureafter initial exposure

Most common presentation is Most common presentation is • Fever, fatigue, headache, and rashFever, fatigue, headache, and rash

HIV Window PeriodHIV Window Period

What is it?What is it?

This is the time it takes for the virus This is the time it takes for the virus to actually show up in your body to actually show up in your body after exposureafter exposure

This can take up to 3 monthsThis can take up to 3 months

Who can tell me why this would even Who can tell me why this would even

be important to know?be important to know?

It’s important because:It’s important because:

The sooner someone knows that they The sooner someone knows that they have HIV, the sooner they can have HIV, the sooner they can receive proper medical carereceive proper medical care

It is less likely that the virus will be It is less likely that the virus will be transmitted to others if it is knowntransmitted to others if it is known

How can someone get tested for How can someone get tested for HIV?HIV?

Idaho law allows 14 years and older to Idaho law allows 14 years and older to obtain STD tests without parental obtain STD tests without parental permission permission ((not saying you should do this, just providing not saying you should do this, just providing you with information – very important to have a support system)you with information – very important to have a support system)

Conventional blood tests Conventional blood tests (results in 10 days – 2 weeks)(results in 10 days – 2 weeks)

HIV antibody rapid tests HIV antibody rapid tests (results in 12-20 minutes)(results in 12-20 minutes)

let’s check out how this works…let’s check out how this works…

Importance of HIV DiagnosisImportance of HIV Diagnosis

Early Intervention servicesEarly Intervention services• Improved quality of lifeImproved quality of life• Avoid complicationsAvoid complications• Healthcare maintenanceHealthcare maintenance

Prevent transmissionPrevent transmissionChronic infectionChronic infectionTransmission to othersTransmission to others

HIV ServicesHIV Services HIV Services Clinic, BoiseHIV Services Clinic, Boise

• Sky Blue, MD DirectorSky Blue, MD Director• Established 1998Established 1998• Ryan White GranteeRyan White Grantee

• Counseling and confidential testingCounseling and confidential testing• Comprehensive medical careComprehensive medical care• Case managementCase management• Adherence counselingAdherence counseling• Mental healthMental health• Support groups Support groups • Clinical trialsClinical trials

                                                                                        

Summary:Summary:How does HIV spread?How does HIV spread?

Through unprotected sex Through unprotected sex and injection and injection drug use drug use

Bodily fluids that can Bodily fluids that can transmit HIV are blood, transmit HIV are blood, semen, vaginal fluid, and semen, vaginal fluid, and breast milkbreast milk

Be informed and educate Be informed and educate others!others!