hist 19 the history of mexico
TRANSCRIPT
Topics
• Review The Fall of the PRI & Fox
• Elections 2006 and Calderon & the Drug War
• Return of the PRI 2012
1
Vicente Fox 2000-2006
• 1999 Promised to solve the issue of Zapatistas in 15 minutes
• 1999 waves the banner of the Virgin de Guadalupe
2
July 2, 2000 Elections
• PRI Francisco Labastida 36.11%
• PRD Cuauhtémoc Cardenas 16.64%
• PAN Vicente Fox 42.52%
• The end of the PRI’s 71-year control of government
– Smooth peaceful transition
3
Fox (Sexenio 2000-2006)
• PRI and PRD controlled-Congress
• Zapatour
– Zapatistas addressed Congress & Indian rights bill
• 2001 September 11
– Concerns with border security put the immigration reform on the back burner
• Drug War New Policy
– 2001 Chapo Guzman escapes from prison
4
Los Tigres Del Norte - La Granja
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ff3C-Kyv8wI
5
• Fox War on Drugs
• 2001 “El Chapo” Guzman, leader of Sinaloa Cartel, escapes from prison
• 2004-2005 turf war between cartels in Nuevo Laredo
– Why Laredo?
– Gulf Cartel
• Zetas: paramilitary group
• April 2006 Decapitation of 2 Acapulco policemen (Middle East?)
• Fox puts Nuevo Laredo under federal control
6
July 2, 2006 Elections
• PAN Felipe Calderon wins by less than 1% (233,832 votes) 35.89%
• PRD Andres Manuel Lopez Obrador 35.31%
• PRI Roberto Madrazo 22.26%
– Accusations of Fraud
• PRD protests the result and camp out in the Zocalo
• 2006 September PRD take over congressional session
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cFTzIoqFeiQ
7
Felipe Calderon 2006-2012 • Policy against cartels
– Militarization of Mexico
• Calderon has 45,000 troops in 18 states
– Merida Initiative
• Aim to combat drug trafficking
• Domestic policy
– Universal health care
– Growth of schools & hospitals
• ATF Fast & Furious Operation – U.S. guns sold to cartels in Mexico (1,725 weapons)
9
2009
April: H1N1 Virus (Swine Flu)
Dec: Mexico City legalizes gay marriage
Summer Olympics 2012
Gold Medal
11
Huichol Struggle for Land 21st Century
Wirikuta, place where the sun was born.
22 mining concessions
Issue unresolved?
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Nlaqx1NW-zU
12
Is Mexico a failed state or a narco-state?
Failed state
• Failed state- a weak state where social and political structures have collapsed to the point where the government has little or no control.
• U.S. ambassadors – Carlos Pascual
– Earl Anthony Wayne
Narco state
• narco-state - an area that has been taken over and is controlled and corrupted by drug cartels and where law enforcement is effectively nonexistent.
• Clinton: Colombianization of Mexico
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Calderon’s Legacy 2006-2012
• Michoacán
• Declares war on cartels
– Cartels seek to replace
– Government
• More than 55,000
• deaths since Jan. 2007
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• A cartel is a group of businesses that agree to fix prices so they all will make more money.
What is a Cartel?
18
Mexican Drug Cartels
The Sinaloa Cartel
The Juarez Cartel
The Tijuana Cartel
The Gulf Cartel
Los Zetas
La Familia
http://www.forbes.com/lists/2010/10/billionaires-2010_Joaquin-
Guzman-Loera_FS0Y.html
20
Cartels and Pop-Culture
Narco-novelas: La Reina del Sur
Banning of Narco-corridos
Los Tucanes de Tijuana
Laura Zuniga, Miss Sinaloa, arrested.
Shooting of soccer star Salvador Cabanas Jan 2010
Aug. 2011 soccer game Morelia v. Santos in Torreon Coahuila
suspended due to narco-violence
24
“The Ballad of Heisenberg”
Narco Cultura documentary 2013
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Kz7OkjLr0wg
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http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LxxIuEV9loE
The War On Drugs In Mexico
23 mins documentary
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Mn8hEoVYfyU
BBC Mexico Drug Cartel War
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xp6F06bBVBo
59 mins
Mexico’s Economy (13th)
• 1. Oil (7th production of oil) $80 billion
• 2. Remittances $21 billion
• 3. Drugs $17 billion?
• 4. Tourism $11.3 billion
27
Elections of July 2012 PRI
Enrique Peña Nieto
PRD
Andres Manuel Lopez Obrador
PAN Josefina Vasquez Mota
30
Nueva Alianza
Gabriel Quadri de Torre
Elections of 2012
• PRI Enrique Pena Nieto 39.1%
• PRD Andres Manuel Lopez Obrador 32.43%
• PAN Josefina Vasquez Mota 26.04%
• Accusations of Fraud – Gift cards for votes
32
Presidential Elections
1998 Carlos Salinas de Gortari 50.48%
1994
Ernest Zedillo 48.69%
2000 PRI Candidate
Francisco Labastida 36.11%
2006 PRI Candidate
Roberto Madrazo
35.31%
2012
Enrique Pena Nieto
39.1%
33
Yo Soy 132 Student Movement
“Mexican Spring”
• Protest movement against Pena Nieto. – Students protesting an event
by Pena Nieto
• Against Televisa & TV Azteca favorable coverage for the PRI
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iVvPa0ZvO2g
34
Enrique Peña Nieto 2013
• Drug War policy
– "national gendarmerie”
– Colombian advisors
– Reduction of violence instead of attacking the cartels
• Energy policy
– foreign investment?
38
Estela de Luz Tower 2011
• Bicentennial Tower
• Mexico City
Baktun
• 1st Mayan language telenovela
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hPb3xpiYVQ4
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