ground-water resources of rusk county, texas · ground-water resources of rusk county, texas ......

GROUND-WATER RESOURCES OF

RUSK COUNTY, TEXAS

By W.M. Sandeen

U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY

Open-File Report 83-757

Prepared in cooperation with theTEXAS DEPARTMENT OF WATER RESOURCES

Austin, Texas

1984

UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR

WILLIAM P. CLARK, Secretary

GEOLOGICAL SURVEY

Dallas L. Peck, Director

For additional information write to:

For sale by:

District Chief U.S. Geological Survey 649 Federal Building 300 E. Eighth Street Austin, TX 78701

Open-File Services Section Western Distribution Branch U.S. Geological Survey, MS 306 Box 25425, Denver Federal Center Denver, CO 80225 Telephone: (303) 234-5888

II

CONTENTS

Page

Abstract 1Introduction 3

Location and extent of area 3Purpose and scope 3Methods of investigation 3Physiography, drainage, and climate 5Economic development 8Population 8Previous investigations 8Well-numbering system- 11Acknowledgments 12

Geologic framework and physical characteristics of thegeologic units 12

Midway Group - 22Wi 1 cox Group 24Carrizo Sand 24Reklaw Formation 24Queen City Sand 24Weches Formation 26Sparta Sand 26Terrace deposits and alluvium 26

Hydrologic units 26Wilcox aquifer 26Carrizo aquifer- 27Other aquifers 27

Ground-water hydrology 27Source and occurrence 27Recharge, movement, and discharge of ground water 32Hydraulic characteristics of the aquifers 32

Quality of ground water 38Water-quality criteria and standards 38Aquifers and geologic units 39

Midway Group 39Wilcox aquifer 41Carrizo aquifer 41Other aquifers and geologic units 42

Contamination and protection of ground water 42Surface casing 42Disposal of saltwater 44Contamination 44

Development and use of ground water 46History of development 46Use of water 47

Municipal Use 47Industrial use 51Mining use 51

Changes in water levels 51Wel 1 construction 54

III

CONTENTS--Continued

Page

Availability of ground water 55Wilcox and Carrizo aquifers 55Other aquifers 56Areas most favorable for future development 56

Needs for continuing data collection 58Conclusions 58Sel ected references 60Supplemental information 64

IV

ILLUSTRATIONS

Page

Figure 1. Map showing location of Rusk County 42. Graph showing annual precipitation at Henderson, 1909-80 63. Graph showing average-monthly precipitation and temperature

at Henderson and average-monthly gross-lake surface evaporation at Overton 7

4. Photograph showing C. M. (Dad) Joiner, Dr. Lloyd, H. L. Hunt, and drilling crew of No. 3 Daisy Bradford, discovery well of East Texas Oil Field (1930) 9

5. Map showing location of significant oil and gas fields 106. Diagram showing well-numbering system 13

7-9. Maps showing:7. Location of wells, springs, and selected test holes 148. Location of principal geologic structural features in

East Texas 159. Geologic units in Rusk County 16

10-12. Geologic sections:10. A-A 1 17 H. B-B 1 1812. C-C 1 19

13-16b. Maps showing:13. Approximate altitude of the base of the Wilcox Group 2314. Approximate altitude of the top of the Wilcox Group 2515. Approximate thickness of freshwater-bearing sands in the

Wilcox aquifer 28 16a. Approximate altitude of the base of freshwater 29 16b. Approximate altitude of the base of slightly saline

water 3017. Photograph showing ground water seeping from sand layers

in the Carrizo aquifer at the Ross clay pit north of the city of Henderson 31

18. Map showing approximate altitude of the potentiometricsurface of the Wilcox aquifer, 1979-81 33

19. Graph showing relationship of drawdown to transmissivityand distance 35

20. Graph showing relationship of drawdown to time and distance as a result of pumping under artesian conditions 36

21. Map showing total dissolved-solids concentrations in water from selected wells screened in the Wilcox, Carrizo, and Queen City aquifers and in the Reklaw Formation, 1981 40

22. Graph showing relationship between surface-casingrequirements and the base of fresh to slightly salinewater, Rusk County 43

23. Map showing approximate areas served by Rusk Countypublic v/ater-supply systems 48

24. Photograph showing water-storage tank at Mobil's T. 0. Mason pressure-maintenance project in East Texas Oil Field 52

ILLUSTRATIONS--Continued

Page

Figure 25. Hydrographs showing fluctuations of water levels inselected wells in Rusk and Cherokee Counties 53

26. Map showing locations of areas favorable for futuredevelopment of ground water 57

TABLES

Table 1. Records of wells, springs, and test holes in Rusk Countyand adjacent areas 65

2. Drillers' logs of selected wells in Rusk County 853. Water levels in wells in Rusk and Cherokee Counties 99

4a. Water-quality data for ground-water samples collectedfrom wells in Rusk and Cherokee Counties 106

4b. Concentrations of metals and trace elements in water fromwells and springs in Rusk County 114

5. Cross reference of well numbers in Rusk County 206. Geologic units and their water-bearing properties in

Rusk County 217. Results of aquifer tests in Cherokee, Gregg, and

Nacogdoches Counties 378. Source and significance of dissolved-mineral constituents

and properties of water 1159. Saltwater production and disposal, East Texas Oil Field 45

10. Approximate withdrawals of ground water during 1960, 1970,and 1980, in Rusk County 49

11. Municipal use of ground water in Rusk County 50

VI

METRIC CONVERSIONS

For those readers interested in using the metric system, the metric equiv alents of inch-pound units of measurements are given in parentheses. The inch- pound units of measurements used in this report may be converted to metric units by the following factors:

From

acreacre- footbarrelcubic foot per second (ft^/s)

footfoot per day (ft/d)foot per mile (ft/mi)foot squared per day (ft^/d)gallon per day (gal/d)gallon per minute (gal/min)

inchmicromhos per centimeter

at 25° Celsiusmilemillion gallon per day

(Mgal/d)

square mile

Multiply by

0.40470.0012330.15900.02832

0.30480.30480.1890.09290.0037850.063080.003785

25.41.00

1.6090.04381

3,7852.590

To obtain

hectarecubic hectometer (hm^)cubic meter (m^)cubic meter per second

(m3/s)meter (m)meter per day (m/d)meter per kilometer (m/km)meter squared per day (m^/d)cubic meter per day (nr/d)liter per second (L/s)cubic meter per minute

(m^/min)millimeter (mm)microsiemens per centimeter

at 25° Celsiuskilometer (km)cubic meter per second

(n3/s)cubic meter per day (nH/d)square kilometer (km^)

Temperature data in this report are in degrees Celsius (°C) and may be converted to degrees Fahrenheit (°F) by the following formula:

°F = 1.8(°C) + 32.

VII

DEFINITIONS OF TERMS

In this report certain technical terms, including some that are subject to different interpretations, are used. For convenience and clarification, these terms are defined as follows:

Acre-foot - The volume of water required to cover 1 acre to a depth of 1 foot (43,560 ft 3 or 325,851 gallons).

Acre-foot per year - One (1) acre-foot per year equals 892.13 gal/d.Aquifer - A formation, group of formations, or part of a formation that

contains sufficient saturated permeable material to yield significant quanti ties of water to wells and springs.

Aquifer test, pumping test - The test consists of the measurement, at spe cific intervals, of the discharge and water level of the well being pumped and the water levels in nearby observation wells. Formulas have been developed to show the relationship of the yield of a well, the shape and extent of the cone of depression, and the properties of the aquifer such as the specific yield, porosity, hydraulic conductivity, transmissivity, and storage coefficient.

Artesian aquifer, confined aquifer - Artesian (confined) water occurs where an aquifer is overlain by rock of lower hydraulic conductivity (e.g., clay) that confines the water under pressure greater than atmospheric. The water level in an artesian well will rise above the level at which it was first encountered in the well. The well may or may not flow.

Barrel - A volume of 42 gallons.Brine - Water containing more than 35,000 mg/L (milligrams per liter) dis

solved solids (Winslow and Kister, 1956, p. 5).Cone of depression - Depression of the water table or potentiometric sur

face surrounding a discharging well or group of wells (usually shaped like an inverted cone).

Dip of rocks, attitude of beds - The angle or amount of slope at which a bed is inclined from the horizontal; direction also is expressed (for example, 1 degree southeast or 90 ft/mi southeast).

Drawdown - The lowering of the water table or potentiometric surface caused by pumping (or artesian flow). In most instances, it is the difference, in feet, between the static level and the pumping level.

Electric log - A graph showing the variation in relationship between the electrical properties of the rocks and their fluid contents penetrated in a well. The electrical properties are natural potentials and resistivities to induced electrical currents, some of which are modified by the presence of the drilling mud.

Freshwater - Water containing less than 1,000 mg/L dissolved solids (Winslow and Kister, 1956, p. 5).

Ground water - Water in the ground that is in the saturated zone from which wells, springs, and seeps are supplied.

Head, static - The height above a standard datum of the surface of a column of water (or other liquid) that can be supported by the static pressure at a given point.

Hydraulic conductivity - The rate of flow of a unit volume of water in unit time at the prevailing kinematic viscosity through a cross section of unit area, measured at right angles to the direction of flow, under a hydraulic gradient of unit change in head over unit length of flow path. Formerly called field coefficient of permeability.

Hydraulic gradient - The change in static head per unit of distance in a given direction.

VIII

Moderately saline water - Water containing 3,000 to 10,000 mg/L dissolved solids (Winslow and Kister, 1956, p. 5).

National Geodetic Vertical Datum of 1929 (NGVD of 1929) - A geodetic datum derived from a general adjustment of the first-order level nets of both the United States and Canada, formerly called mean sea level.

Potentiometric surface - A surface which represents the static head. As related to an aquifer, it is defined by the levels to which water will rise in tightly cased wells. The water table is a particular potentiometric surface.

Slightly saline water - Water containing 1,000 to 3,000 mg/L dissolved solids (Winslow and Kister, 1956, p. 5).

Specific capacity - The rate of discharge of water from a well divided by the drawdown of water level in the well. It generally is expressed in gallons per minute per foot of drawdown for a specified period after discharge ceases.

Specific yield - The quantity of water that an aquifer will yield by grav ity if it is first saturated and then allowed to drain; the ratio expressed in percentage of the volume of water drained to volume of the aquifer drained.

Storage coefficient - The volume of water an aquifer releases from or takes into storage per unit of surface area of the aquifer per unit change in the component of head normal to that surface.

Transmissivity - The rate at which water of the prevailing kinematic vis cosity is transmitted through a unit width of the aquifer under a unit hydraulic gradient. It is the product of the hydraulic conductivity and the saturated thickness of the aquifer. Formerly called coefficient of transmissibility.

Very saline water - Water containing 10,000 to 35,000 mg/L dissolved solids (Winslow and Kister, 1956, p. 5).

Water level; static level or hydrostatic level - In an unconfined aquifer, the distance from the land surface to the water table. In a confined (arte sian) aquifer, the level to which the water will rise either above or below land surface.

Water table - The water table is that surface in an unconfined water body at which the pressure is atmospheric. It is defined by the levels at which water stands in wells that penetrate the water body just far enought to hold standing water. In wells which penetrate to greater depths, the water level will stand above or below the water table if an upward or downward component of ground-water flow exists.

Yield - The rate of discharge, commonly expressed as gallons per minute, gallons per day, or gallons per hour. In this report, yields are classified as small, less than 50 gal/min; moderate, 50 to 250 gal/min; and large, more than 250 gal/min.

IX

GROUND-WATER RESOURCES OF

RUSK COUNTY, TEXAS

By

W. M. Sandeen

ABSTRACT

Fresh to slightly saline water is available in most parts of Rusk County, which is located in the Piney Woods region of northeast Texas. The Wilcox aquifer, which underlies the entire county, was the source of most of the ground water withdrawn during 1980. Other units capable of yielding fresh ground water are the Carrizo, Queen City, and Sparta aquifers and the Reklaw Formation.

About 5.4 million gallons per day (20,440 cubic meters per day) of ground water was used for all purposes during 1980. Of this amount, about 78 percent was used for public supply, 10 percent for mining, 8 percent for industrial purposes, and 4 percent for rural domestic use. Water levels have declined extensively at the city of Henderson, which used about 38 percent of all ground water consumed in Rusk County.

Generally, the ground water is of acceptable quality. Water in some of the near-surface beds and some of the deeper sands in the Wilcox aquifer may have become mineralized because of oilfield operations. Ground-water contam ination by oilfield brines at Henderson Oil Field has been documented. Two separate instances of streamflow contamination at Striker Creek and Henderson Oil Field have been documented.

Moderate amounts of ground water are available for development. The amount that is available perennially is not known, but it is greater than that being withdrawn. Assuming a hydraulic gradient of about 8 feet per mile (1.5 meters per kilometer), at least 12 million gallons per day (45,420 cubic meters per day) of fresh ground water is being transmitted through the Wilcox and about 3 million gallons per day (11,350 cubic meters per day) through the Carrizo. About 20 million acre-feet (24,660 cubic hectometers) of freshwater is available from storage in the Wilcox and about 4 million acre-feet (4,930 cubic hectometers) from storage in the Carrizo. Additional amounts of slightly saline water are available from the major aquifers. Smaller but undetermined amounts of fresh ground water are available from the Sparta and Queen City aquifers and from the Reklaw Formation. Properly constructed wells in the Wilcox and Carrizo aquifers can be expected to yield more than 500 gallons per minute (32 liters per second) if the wells are properly spaced. Development of additional resources around the city of Henderson and the Mount Enterprise Fault System should be considered cautiously because of the probability of saltwater encroachment. Ground water in other parts of the county is prac tically undeveloped.

Some mineralization of ground water is due to natural causes. Other min eralization of ground water is due to contamination. A program needs to be initiated to determine the extent and cause of mineralization that has taken place in freshwater sands. Water-quality data is needed at Henderson in order to monitor saltwater encroachment.

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INTRODUCTION Location and Extent of Area

Rusk County, located in the Piney Woods region of northeast Texas, is bor dered by Gregg and Harrison Counties on the north, Panola and She!by Counties on the east, Nacogdoches County on the south, and Cherokee and Smith Counties on the west (fig. 1). The city of Henderson, the county seat and largest city in the county, is about 135 miles (217 km) east of Dallas and about 75 miles (121 km) west of Shreveport, Louisiana. Rusk County has an area of 939 square miles (2,432 km2 ). Altitude of the land surface ranges from 227 feet (69 m) near the Sabine River to 709 feet (216 m) near the town of Mount Enterprise.

Purpose and Scope

This is a report of a detailed investigation of the ground-water resources of Rusk County begun during 1979 by the U.S. Geological Survey in cooperation with the Texas Department of Water Resources. After about 5 months of initial work, the project was deferred for lack of funds. The project was resumed dur ing 1981, which made it necessary to update the 1979 data including 1981 water 1 eve!s.

The purpose of the investigation was to determine the occurrence, availa bility, dependability, quality, and quantity of ground water present in the county. Special emphasis was placed upon describing the quantity and quality of ground water suitable for public supply and industrial use.

The investigation included: Determining the extent of sands containing freshwater; documenting the chemical quality of the water; estimating the quan tities of water being withdrawn; determining the effects of withdrawals on ground-water levels; estimating the hydraulic characteristics of the water bearing sands; rating the area on the basis of ground-water availability; and determining the potential sources of contamination.

Methods of Investigation

Field data for this report were collected during March through June, 1979, and during March through July, 1981. Data from older reports were included, the earliest of which was written in 1932, shortly after the discovery of East Texas Oil Field. Basic information, including depths of wells, water levels, methods of well construction, type of lift, yield characteristics, and use of water was collected for 365 wells. In addition, water samples were collected for chemical analysis. All relevant information previously collected by the Texas Department of Water Resources and the Geological Survey was used.

Basic data used in describing the hydrologic characteristics and features of the various aquifers in this report are derived from the field inventory of existing water wells, drillers' logs of representative wells, measurement of water levels in these wells, collection and analysis of water samples from the wells, and aquifer tests. The well inventories are compiled in table 1, dril lers' logs in table 2, water levels in table 3, and water-quality analyses in tables 4a and 4b (supplemental information).

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100*

,._T_..

, j IloLDHAM POTTta JCAMQM -UW I**"1 tit'

50 100 150 200 MILES i i I^ T"-l I I I100 200 300 KILOMETERS

Figure 1.-Location of Rusk County

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Most data relating to the quantity of ground water withdrawn for public supply and industrial uses were obtained from records of the Texas Department of Water Resources. Some quantities were estimated on the basis of the number of users and normal rates of use.

The map of the geologic units is from the Geologic Atlas of Texas, which was prepared by the University of Texas, Bureau of Economic Geology (1965, 1968). Electric logs of oil, gas, and water wells commonly were used for control in preparation of the geologic sections and for maps showing the alti tudes of aquifers, the base of fresh and slightly saline water, and approxi mate thickness of sands containing freshwater. Additional subsurface informa tion was provided by drillers' logs of wells. In some instances, projections of fault blocks from the surface to the subsurface were made to show relation ships existing along the Mount Enterprise Fault Zone.

Representative results of aquifer tests from previously published data in adjacent counties were analyzed by the Theis nonequilibrium method as modified by Cooper and Jacob (1946) and the Theis recovery method (Wenzel, 1942). Data relating to secondary recovery, saltwater production, surface casing, and oil production in oil and gas fields were acquired from records of the Railroad Commission of Texas and the East Texas Salt Water Disposal Company.

Altitudes not previously determined were interpolated from available Geo logical Survey 7-1/2 and 15-minute topographic maps having a contour interval ranging between 10 feet (3 m) and 20 feet (6m) in the study area.

Physiography, Drainage, and Climate

Rusk County is in the West Gulf Coastal Plain physiographic province (Fen- neman, 1939) and a part of the Piney Woods region of East Texas. The most prominent physiographic feature is the Mount Enterprise Fault System, which extends along an east-west axis across the southern part of the county. The system forms a series of hills, some of which attain an altitude in excess of 600 feet (183 m), extending from due east of Mount Enterprise to near Reklaw, where the system is somewhat offset to the north. The land surface slopes away from these high ridges, generally to the north and to the south, inter rupting a regional surface sloping in an easterly and southerly direction. Substantial growths of pine and hardwood occur throughout much of the county.

Springs commonly are found at higher and intermediate altitudes. Streams in the northeastern part of the county drain to the Sabine River whereas those in the southwestern part drain to the Neches River. Striker Creek and Bowles Creek drain into the Striker Creek Lake, Beaver Run and Tiawichi Creek into Lake Cherokee, and Martin Creek into Martin Lake.

Rusk County has a warm, semi humid climate. Annual precipitation at Hen- derson for 1909-80 ranged from 23 inches (584 mm) during 1963 to 68 inches (1,727 mm) during 1957 and averaged 38.8 inches (986 mm) as shown in figure 2. According to the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, the monthly precipitation at Henderson for 1941-70 ranged from 2.81 inches (71 mm) during July to 5.79 inches (147 mm) during May and averaged 3.94 inches (100 mm) as shown in figure 3.

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ANNUAL PRECIPITATION, IN INCHES

]J|

O

>5a « 3 O0

» -» oANNUAL PRECIPITATION, IN MILLIMETERS

Average-monthly precipitation 3.94 inches (100 millimeters)

JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUNE JULY AUG SEPT OCT NOV DECNORMAL-MONTHLY PRECIPITATION AT HENDERSON, TEXAS, 1941-70

(FROM RECORDS OF NATIONAL OCEANIC AND ATMOSPHERIC ADMINISTRATION)

66

77

66

59

u a: 50

41

32

Average-annual temperature l8.7°Celsius (65.3° Fahrenheit)

30

CO3

25(4

20 u u<E O U

--5

JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUNE JULY AUG SEPT OCT NOV DECNORMAL-MONTHLY TEMPERATURE AT HENDERSON.TEXAS, 1941-70

(FROM RECORDS OF NATIONAL OCEANIC AND ATMOSPHERIC ADMINISTRATION)

-240

JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUNE JULY AUG SEPT OCT NOV DEC AVERAGE-MONTHLY GROSS-LAKE SURFACE EVAPORATION AT OVERT ON, TEXAS 1969-70 (COURTESY DAUGHTERY, 1975)

Plgur* a.-Avarao«-«optMy praclpltatlon and tamparatura at Handaraon and avaraga-monthly oroaa-laka aurfaaa avaporatlon at Ovarton

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The average-annual temperature at Henderson (fig. 3) is 18.7°C (65.3°F). Dates of the first and last freezes are about November 14 and February 20; the average growing season lasts about 250 days. The average-annual gross-lake surface evaporation for 1969 and 1970 at Overton was 66.6 inches (1,692 mm) according to Dougherty (1975).

Economic Development

During 1980, oil and gas, lignite leasing, lumbering, agriculture, and clay products provided the main sources of income for Rusk County. Until 1930, lumbering and agriculture provided the mainstay for the economy of the area. The beginning of the oil and gas industry in the county occurred during 1929 when "Dad" Joiner (fig. 4) started his No. 3 Daisy Bradford well in northwest Rusk County. The well was completed during 1930 as the first discovery well for East Texas Oil Field (Rusk, Gregg, Upshur, and Smith Counties). The loca tion of this field and others are shown in figure 5. Since that time, oil and gas and the processing of petroleum and related products have been the most significant industry.

Completion of the No. 3 Daisy Bradford, however, came at an awkward time, just before the height of the depression. Independents drilled hundreds of wells, many of which were on town lot spacing. So much crude was produced from East Texas that the price of oil fell to 10 cents a barrel. When riots started, Governor Ross Sterling called out the National Guard to preserve order. It also was at this time that he appointed E. 0. Thompson to the Texas Railroad Commission and delegated to him the responsibility of regulating oil and gas production in Texas.

By 1980, East Texas Oil Field had produced over 4.622 billion barrels (734,898,000 m3 ) of oil and was responsible for making Rusk County rank among the larger oil producing counties in Texas. The field also had produced sub stantial quantities of saltwater. According to a 1961 oilfield-brine disposal inventory prepared by the Texas Water Commission and Texas Water Pollution Control Board (1963), 156.7 million barrels (24,915,300 m3 ) of saltwater were produced that year. This was an average of 0.427 million barrels (67,890 m3 ) a day, 99 percent of which was disposed of through injection wells.

Population

Rusk County has a population of 41,382 according to the Bureau of Census (1980). Henderson, the county seat, has a population of 11,473. Populations of other towns are: Overton, 2,430; Tatum, 1,614; New London, 942; and Mount Enterprise, 485. The 1980 census also shows that 2,543 of the people living in Kilgore (Gregg and Rusk Counties) reside in Rusk County.

Previous Investigations

Deussen (1914) mentioned the existence of several springs and water wells in his study of the southeastern part of the Texas Coastal Plain including more than 20 Texas counties. Turner (1932) compiled a report on ground water in East Texas Oil Field that covered parts of Gregg, Rusk, Smith, and Upshur

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C. M. (Dad) Joiner (1) f Dr. Lloyd (2). H. L. Hunt (3), and drilling crew

Figure 4.-C.M. (Dad) Joiner, Dr. Lloyd, H. L. Hunt,and

drilling crew of No. 3 Daisy Bradford,

discovery well of East Texas Oil Field (1930)

Photo courtesy of YOUTH SPEAKS

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Counties. He concluded that saltwater contamination of the freshwater-bearing zones probably had not occurred at that time. Turner suggested that the pos sibility of bacteriological contamination of ground water existed and recom mended that all "abandoned oil wells that yield a flow of saltwater should be plugged." He also recommended that special attention be given to setting "sur face casing." Lyle (1937) presented a comprehensive inventory of about 406 wells, drillers' logs, and water analyses and included a location map of Rusk County. During this same period, a number of test holes were drilled using Works Progress Administration (WPA) labor. Follett (1943) augmented Lyle's data by publishing an inventory of about 160 old and new wells in the north western part of Rusk County.

Baker, Peckham, Dillard, and Souders (1963) made a reconnaissance of the ground-water resources of the Neches River basin that included Rusk County. In another report, Baker, Dillard, Souders, and Peckham (1963) made a recon naissance of the ground-water resources of the Sabine River that included a part of Rusk County. Between 1937 and 1940, water levels were measured in a number of shallow observation wells near Henderson but were previously unpub lished. About 1972, the Texas Department of Water Resources (TDWR), formerly the Texas Water Development Board (TWDB), established a group of observation wells in Rusk County. Water levels were measured periodically and water sam ples from representative wells were analyzed for chemical constituents.

Reports discussing the ground-water resources of counties adjacent to Rusk County include: Smith County (Dillard, 1963); Gregg and Upshur Counties (Broom, 1969); Angelina and Nacogdoches Counties (W. F. Guyton and Associates, 1970); and Anderson, Cherokee, Freestone, and Henderson Counties (W. F. Guyton and Associates, 1972).

In addition to the ground-water investigations, a reconnaissance of water quality of surface water in the Neches River basin was made by Hughes and Leifeste (1967). Their study includes data on the Striker Creek drainage basin, which is nearly centered along the county line of the west side of Rusk County. Approximately two-thirds of the watershed is in East Texas Oil Field.

Well-Numbering System

The local well-numbering system used in this report is the system adopted by the Texas Department of Water Resources for use throughout the State. Under this system, each 1-degree quadrangle in the State is given a number consist ing of two digits. These are the first two digits in the well number. Each 1- degree quadrangle is divided into 7-1/2-minute quadrangles that are given two- digit numbers from 01 to 64. These are the third and fourth digits of the well number. Each 7-1/2-minute quadrangle is subdivided into 2-1/2-minute quadran gles and given single-digit numbers from 1 to 9. This is the fifth digit of the well number. Each well within a 2-1/2-minute quadrangle is given a two- digit number in the order in which it was inventoried. These are the last two digits of the well number. The well location on a map is shown by listing only the last three digits of the well number adjacent to the well location. The second two digits are shown in the northwest corner of each 7-1/2-minute quad rangle, and the first two digits are shown by the large double-line numbers.

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In addition to the seven-digit well number, a two-1 etter prefix is used to identify the county. The prefixes for Rusk and adjacent counties are as follows:

County prefj x QQunty Prefix

Cherokee Gregg Harrison Nacogdoches

DJ KU LK TX

Panola Rusk Shelby Smith

UL WR XB XH

For example, well WR-35-50-801, which supplies water for the city of Hen- derson, is in Rusk County (WR) in the 1-degree quadrangle (35), in the 7-1/2- minute quadrangle (50), in the 2-1/2-minute quadrangle (8), and was the first well (01) inventoried in that 2-1/2-minute quadrangle (fig. 6). Well numbers used by Lyle (1937) and Follett (1943) and the corresponding numbers used in this report are given in table 5 ("old number"). The location of wells, springs, and selected test holes used in this report are shown in figure 7.

The Geological Survey's national site identification system uses the 1atitude-longitude coordinate system. The combination of the 6-digit lati tude number, the 7-digit longitude number, and a 2-digit sequence number forms a 15-digit site identification number. For example, the first site at lati tude 32°15'42" and longitude 94°34'23" gives a site-identification number of 321542094342301. A cross reference between the local and national systems for the wells in this report are given in table 5.

Acknowledgments

The author expresses his appreciation to the many landowners, well owners, and industrial and municipal officials for their cooperation and for allowing access to their properties. Particular appreciation is expressed to Jack Cook, Water Superintendent, City of Henderson; Bob Lomax, Manager, Elderville Water Supply Corporation; John Seifert, W. F. Guyton and Associates; Jack Waldron, Layne-Texas Company; Jackie Murray; Rick Hornsby, Exxon Coal USA, Inc.; and Casey Clawson, Henderson Clay Products.

GEOLOGIC FRAMEWORK AND PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THE GEOLOGIC UNITS

Rusk County is in an area affected by several regional structural fea tures the Sabine Uplift, Mount Enterprise Fault System, and East Texas Embay- ment (fig. 8). Geologic units, ranging in age from Paleocene and Eocene (Wil- cox Group) through the Holocene (all uvi urn), crop out at the surface as shown in figure 9. Beds of the Carrizo Sand, which crop out over about a third of the county, are slightly more extensive than those of the older Wilcox Group. A description of the geologic units and their water-bearing characteristics is given in table 6. Strati graphic and structural relationships in the subsur face are shown on the geologic sections (fig. 10-12).

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__ weii WR 35 50 "8" OT

Figure 6.-Well-numbering system

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Woodlawn ^i ̂Oil Field x

LU

JacksonvilleN^Mount Enterprise

Fault System\ [cbshin\^ ^^<y/) 7> X/JNACOGDOCHES

94°

EXPLANATION

© SALT DOME

FAULT

10 20MILES

10 20 KILOMETERS

Base from U.S. Geological Survey State base map, 1:500,000

Modified from Fisher, (1965), Sellardsand Hendricks, (1946), and Nichols, (1964)

Figure 8.-Location of principal geologic structual features in East Texas

-15-

Table 5.--Cross reference of well numbers in Rusk County

Old number

47

141617

22a3131a3240

47a50627075

8082889092

100103108111114

126130132136140

146151152165168

17517617717917 9a

183185187191206

218224225230240a

New number

WR-35-41-101WR-35-41-401WR-35-41-708WR-35-41-705WR-35-41-707

WR-35-41-706WR-35-41-510WR-35-41-509WR-35-41-505WR-35-41-202

WR-35-41-308WR-35-41-508WR-35-41-902WR-35-41-903WR-35-41-904

WR-35-42-402WR- 35-42-403WR-35-41-201WR-35-42-601WR-35-42-501

WR-35-42-904WR-35-42-602WR-35-43-401WR-35-42-303WR-35-42-302

WR-35-43-801WR-35-43-901WR-35-44-702WR-35-44-403WR-35-44-503

WR- 3 5-44 -30 2WR-3 5-44-604WR- 3 5-44-60 5WR-35- 51-903WR-35- 52-702

WR-35- 51-603WR-35- 51-503WR-35- 51-802WR-35- 50-913WR-35- 50-912

WR-35- 51-102WR-35- 50-303WR-3 5- 59-20 3WR-3 5- 50-20 5WR-3 5- 50 -601

WR-35- 50-404WR-35- 50-101WR-35- 50-102WR-35- 50-103WR-35- 50-402

Site identification

322038094581701321859094585701321633094581101321632094583702321631094583401

321524094584601321751094564301321752094565101321844094565301322100094555601

322000094540001321939094552101321625094540701321539094163601321609094531401

321750094500201321941094500401322125094554001321952094472901321811094475601

321703094454301321757094453701321826094442801322147094452901322036094461501

321651094411101321628094382001321718094370501321856094361501321954094344801

322015094302501321904094322501321836094316801320844094381101320946094372401

321055094394701321044094411402320908094421202320930094450201320928094450801

321413094424001321319094454701320654094404201321309094474601321007094470401

321032094502001321452094512801321339094505901321253094515801321117094504901

Old number

248251255260289

294299a310313315

316a327336a343367

369375384393398

402409415416420

423426427429433

434505507519524

528532534535536

538547548549551

558559563564565

New Number

WR-3 5- 50 -70 3WR-35- 50-701WR-35- 50-702WR-35- 50-403WR-3 5-49- 50 9

WR-35-49-304WR-3 5-41 -810WR-35-49-101WR-35-49-103WR-35-49-102

WR-3 5-49-20 5WR-35-49-303WR-3 5-49- 510WR-3 5- 57 -80 3WR-3 5- 57 -504

WR-35- 57-601WR-35- 57-301WR-3 5-4 9-80 7WR-3 5-4 9- 60 4WR-35-49-902

WR-3 5- 59-402WR-35- 50-805WR-3 5- 50 -910WR-35- 50-901WR-35- 50-911

WR-3 5- 58-302WR-3 5- 59- 501WR-35- 59-603WR-3 5- 59- 30 2WR-35- 59-203

WR-35- 51-902WR-35- 59-904WR-3 5-60 -701WR-3 5- 59- 701WR-37 -03-101

WR-35- 58-801WR-37 -02-102WR-37-02-206WR-37 -02-101WR-3 5- 58-702

WR-3 5- 58-701WR-37-01-103WR-37 -01 -20 2WR-37 -01-203WR-37 -01 -401

WR-37-01-701WR-37 -01-803WR-37-01-601WR-37 -01-901WR-37 -09-201

Site identification

320910094505001320855094522401320925094491801321120094414601321143094552501

321352094540301321501094560301321448094583201321408094582001321413094573001

321415094562501321338094545901321146094564401320115094564601320302094563901

320310094532501320647094541701320910094553701321022094523901320852094525301

320410094441801320701094484401320908094440201320852094470701320816094461501

320522094451801320440094415501320414094392101320510094392601320654094404201

320911093383601320222094383201320138094362001320224094433501315950094443101

320200094480501315756094502701315915094484901315929094502301320154094510101

320154094515801315949094583701315959094561701315754094551501315728094584301

315438094574201315402094561201315513094533201315322094542301315114094553801

Old number

567571575576577

578579583585588

589590593594596

598607608609619

621629631634642

652653654656658

661669671682684

694697698704711

722730736742752

758760761762

New number

WR-37-10-101WR-37-02-803WR-37 -02-401WR-37-02-501WR-37 -02-601

WR-37 -02-602WR-37-02-604WR-37-0 3-701WR-37 -11 -20 3WR-37 -02-603

WR-37 -03-401WR-37-0 3-40 2WR-37 -03- 50 3WR-37-03-504WR- 37-03-901

WR-37-11-301WR-37-04-402WR-37 -04-201WR-37 -04-301WR-37-12-201

WR-37-12-303WR-35-41-304WR-35-41-309WR-35-41-307WR-3 5-41 -507

WR-35-41-703WR-35-41-803WR-35-41-802WR- 35-49-203WR-35-49-201

WR-35-41-704WR-3 5-49-208WR-35-49-209WR-3 5-49- 503WR-35-49-504

WR-35-49-508WR-35-49-507WR-35-49-603WR-35-49-506WR-35-49-505

WR-35-49-402WR-35-49-403WR-3 5-4 9-80 8WR-35-49-801WR-35-49-702

WR-35- 50-902WR-35- 50-803WR-35- 50-804WR-35- 50-903

Site identification

315101094503301315234094493701315510094501401315707094492401315718094471501

315712094472401315520094472901315255094444401325204094422801315710094450401

315714094440001315620094432001315520094413401315507094410201325430094394101

325051094385501325708094352201325740094333501325802094315501315055094332501

325054094304501322140094542201322113094542901322020094534301321951094553401

321632094583701321616094554301321617094554201321457094555801321427094562101

321532094580001321321094550101321309094551501321217094561801321222094571101

321126094562201321048094550901321045094533401321049094561501321036094570001

321105094575301321004094574801320954094553801320809094562901320858094581801

320908094470201320851094480901320833094473401320902094470501

-20-

Tab

le 6

.--G

eo

log

ic

un

its

and

the

ir w

ate

r-b

ea

rin

g

pro

pert

ies

in

Rus

k C

ount

y

Sys

tem

Qua

tern

ary

Te

rtia

ry

Ser

i es

Hol

ocen

e

PI e

i sto

cen

e

Eoc

ene

Pal

eoc

ene

Gro

up

Cl a

ibo

rne

Wi 1

cox

Mi d

way

Unit

Al 1

uvi

urn

Te

rra

ce

deposi

ts

Spa

rta

San

d

Wec

hes

For

mat

ion

Que

en

City

Sand

Rek

law

F

orm

atio

n

Carr

izo

San

d

App

roxi

mat

e ra

nge

in

thic

kne

ss

(fe

et)

0-35

0-30

0-10

0

0-50

0-13

0

0-13

0

0-13

5

625-1

,550

85

0-1

,00

0

Com

posi

tion

San

d, silt,

cla

y,

and

som

e g

rave

l .

San

d, silt,

an

d cl ay.

Inte

rbedded

sand

, cla

y,

and

silt.

Gla

uco

nite

, g

lau

co

nitic

cla

y

and

sand

. S

econ

dary

deposi

ts o

f lim

est

on

e in

o

utc

ro p

.

San

d, silt,

cla

y,

and

som

e lignite.

Gla

uco

niti

c cla

y,

som

e sa

nd,

wea

ther

s to

a

red

claye

y so

il ,

limom

'te

seam

s,

iro

n co

ncre

tio

ns.

Gre

y to

w

hite

. O

ften

mas

si

ve

sand

, cla

y le

nse

s;

may

be

pre

dom

inantly

cla

yey.

Th

in,

som

etim

es

mas

sive

be

ds o

f sa

nd;

cla

y

and

lig

nite

. Be

ds o

ften d

is

contin

uous.

Cal

care

ous

cla

y

and

min

or

amou

nts

of

limest

one,

silt,

an

d g

lau

co

nitic

cla

y.

Wa

ter-

be

arin

g

pro

pe

rtie

s

May

yie

ld

smal

l q

ua

ntitie

s o

f w

ate

r to

sh

allo

w d

ug w

ells

.

Not

kn

own

to yie

ld

wa

ter

to

wel

1 s

.

Feed

s sp

rin

gs;

may

yie

ld

som

e w

ate

r to

du

g w

el Is.

Not

kn

own

to yie

ld

wa

ter

to

wells

in

R

usk

Cou

nty.

Yie

lds

smal

l to

m

oder

ate

quantities o

f fr

esh

wate

r.

Yie

lds

smal

l q

ua

ntitie

s o

f w

ate

r to

w

ells

.

Yie

lds

larg

e t

o

mod

erat

e quantities o

f fr

esh

wate

r.

In

hyd

rolo

gic

continuity w

ith

the

Mil

cox.

Yie

lds

larg

e t

o

mod

erat

e quantities o

f fr

esh

to

slig

htly s

alin

e w

ate

r.

Not

kn

own

to yie

ld

wa

ter

to

we

lls in

R

usk

Cou

nty;

up

per

sand

may

conta

in

som

e slig

htly sa

line

w

ate

r.

The Sabine Uplift (fig. 8) is a structurally complicated area in north east Texas and northwest Louisiana. The western boundary extends into Rusk County. Sands, red beds, and shales of the Cretaceous Woodbine Formation were deposited over this uplift and later eroded. East Texas Oil Field, a strati - graphic trap, produces oil from the Woodbine at a depth of about 3,650 feet (1,112 m). About 20-25 miles (32-40 km) west of the eastern edge of East Texas Oil Field lies the nadir of the East Texas Embayment, into which the Woodbine thickens. Such features were at times instrumental in controlling the deposi tion of the Wilcox.

The Mount Enterprise Fault System trends east-west across southern Rusk County. The Queen City Sand, Weches Formation, and Sparta Sand are preserved in the downthrown side of this system. Eaton (1956, p. 83) notes that there was moderate movement along this system in Midway time, considerable movement during Claiborne time, and a marked movement during post-Claiborne time. An earthquake of 7 on the Richter scale was reported at Rusk (Cherokee County), during 1891 but is questioned by von Hake (1977). Collins, Hobday, and Kreitler (1980, p. 16) suggest that the event may have been seismic. They use releveling data to conclude that the system has been active during the past 30 years.

Further information on the geologic relationships existing in this area is available from Sellards, Adkins, and Plummer (1932) and from Kreitler and others (1980). For a generalized regional appraisal relating to the struc tural and depositional altitude of the Wilcox Group, the reader is referred to Jones and others (1976).

Midway Group

The Midway Group, mostly marine in origin, is composed chiefly of calcar eous clay, which locally may contain thin stringers of limestone and glauconitic sand. In places, the unit is silty and slightly sandy in the uppermost part of the section.

The altitude of the top of the Midway, which coincides with the base of the Wilcox Group (fig. 13), ranges from about 300 feet (91 m) below sea level in the northeastern part of the county to about 1,600 feet (488 m) below sea level in the southwestern part of the county. In the northern part of the county, the beds dip at a rate of about 30 ft/mi (5.7 m/km) to the west. In the southern part of the county, they dip about 50 ft/mi (9.5 m/km) to the southwest.

The Midway Group is not known to yield water to wells in the area. Never theless, the unit is hydrologically significant because the Midway Group forms the basal confining unit for the overlying Wilcox Group. There is also a sand body about 30 feet (9m) thick within the uppermost 200 ft (61 m) that may con tain small amounts of slightly saline water. In a few instances the base of slightly saline water has been picked at the base of this sand bed from elec tric logs.

-22-

If ir

i

Wilcox Group

The Wilcox Group is exposed on the surface in northeastern and east- central Rusk County and comformably overlies the Midway. It consists mainly of thin, but sometimes massive beds of sand, silt, and clay with minor amounts of lignite and secondary deposits of limonite. Typically, the sands are gray, fine grained and silty. Often the beds are fluvial and deltaic in nature. Due to facies changes, individual beds often are difficult to correlate from well to well. However, some beds of coarse grained sand attain a thickness of nearly 200 feet or 61 m (well WR-35-59-901). Other beds cannot be correlated from well to well as is clearly shown in the geologic sections (fig. 10-12).

The altitude of the top of the Wilcox Group is depicted in figure 14. Except where interrupted by the Mount Enterprise Fault System, these beds dip at the rate of about 30 ft/mi (5.7 m/km) in a direction away from the Sabine Upl i ft.

Carrizo Sand

The Carrizo Sand uncomformably overlies the Wilcox Group and crops out more extensively than any other geologic unit in the county. It attains a maximum thickness of about 135 feet (41 m). Surface exposures usually are reddish in color and often cross bedded. In the subsurface the Carrizo is a massive, fine- to medium-grained white quartz sand. It also contains a few clay lenses, but rarely is predominantly clay. In electrical logs, the Carrizo is distinguished from the overlying Reklaw and underlying Wilcox by a markedly higher resistivity. In places, however, the contacts are difficult to pick. As does the Wilcox Group, the Carrizo Sand dips away from the Sabine Uplift into the East Texas Embayment at a rate of about 30 ft/mi (5.7 m/km) except where interrupted by the Mount Enterprise Fault System.

Reklaw Formation

The Reklaw Formation conformably overlies the Carrizo Sand. The Reklaw attains a maximum thickness of about 130 feet (40 m) and is exposed primarily in the northern part of the county and north of the Mount Enterprise Fault System. The formation consists of glauconitic clay and minor amounts of sand and lignite. The basal part of the Reklaw contains a silty, glauconitic fine grained quartz sand that is often difficult to distinguish from the underlying Carrizo using electric logs. In the outcrop, the Reklaw forms a red clay soil characterized by limonite seams and iron concretions, easily distinguished from the underlying gray sandy soil of the Carrizo.

Queen City Sand

The Queen City Sand, which overlies the Reklaw Formation, consists mostly of alternating beds of very fine to fine grained quartz sand and clay. The Queen City Sand crops out over an area of about 100 square miles (259 km2) and attains a maximum thickness of about 130 feet (40 m) where overlain by the Weches Formation. The maximum thickness occurs mainly in the downdropped blocks associated with the Mount Enterprise Fault System. Elsewhere, the

-24-

/' A 32-22'30yr

EXPLANATION

WELL USED FOR CONTROL--Numb*r indi cates altitude of th« top of the wilcox

3OO STRUCTURE CONTOUR Shows approx imate attitude of the top of the wilcoi Group. Dosh*d where approximately located. Contour interval 100 feet (3O meters). National Geodetic Vertical Datum of 1929

PRINCIPAL OUTCROP OF THE WILCOX GROUP--Includes areas overlain by

FAULT--U i* uplhrown side, Di side. Dotted where concealed

IO KILOMCTim

te» from U.S. G«!««ic

Figurt 14.-Approximate iltitud* of tht top of the Wllcox Group

Queen City is eroded and relatively thin. There is not enough control to adequately map the Queen City Sand.

Weches Formation

The Weches Formation, consisting of interbedded glauconitic clay and sand, crops out as scattered outliers in the Mount Enterprise Fault System area. The Weches attains a maximum thickness of about 50 feet (15 m), but is not known to yield water to wells in Rusk County.

Sparta Sand

The Sparta Sand consists of fine sand and sandy clay and silt, attains a thickness of about 100 feet (30 m), and is exposed only in the area of the Mount Enterprise Fault System. Numerous springs issue from the contact of the Sparta with the underlying Weches. The formation yields small quantities of freshwater to wells in adjacent counties. Springs issuing from the Sparta yield moderate quantities of ground water to the base flow of small streams in southern Rusk County.

Terrace Deposits and Alluvium

Terrace deposits, probably of Pleistocene age, are present at several places along the Sabine and Angelina Rivers. These beds are remnants of a for merly more extensive surface that has been largely removed by erosion. The terrace deposits are in continuity with the underlying Eocene beds but are considered hydrologically insignificant.

Alluvium is present in and around the flood plains of the principal streams (fig. 9). These deposits, consisting of fine sand, silt, clay, and possibly gravel, have an estimated maximum thickness of about 35 feet (10 m). Alluvial deposits are capable of yielding at least small amounts of water to wells. At least one well in Rusk County is completed in the alluvium.

HYDROLOGIC UNITS

In order to simplify the discussion of hydrology in the area, the follow ing previously described geologic units are designated as aquifers in Rusk County: Wilcox Group, Carrizo Sand, Queen City Sand, and Sparta Sand. The other geologic units are designated as confining beds and are: Midway Group, Reklaw Formation, and Weches Formation. A number of dug wells tap the thin basal sand of the Reklaw.

Wilcox Aquifer

Broom (1969) noted that the Carrizo and Wilcox have similar hydrologic properties and are in hydrologic continuity in Gregg County. Consequently, he considered them to function as a single aquifer. W. F. Guyton and Associates

-26-

(1970, 1972) considered the two aquifers to be separate units in Cherokee and Nacogdoches Counties. In this report, the Carrizo and Wilcox are treated as two distinct aquifers.

The Wilcox aquifer is present throughout Rusk County and is the most sig nificant hydrologic unit. Substantial withdrawals occur from the middle and lower sands at Henderson and in the area of East Texas Oil Field. Many of the upper sands in the Wilcox are thin, fine grained and silty. By contrast, the lower beds are sometimes massive and coarse grained. Often individual beds are discontinuous.

The quality of water in the Wilcox varies both vertically and laterally from fresh to slightly saline. In rare instances, the water may be moderately saline. In places, the shallower sands may not necessarily contain the best quality water.

The thickness of freshwater-bearing sands in the Wilcox is shown in fig ure 15. The thickness of sands containing freshwater are based on the inter pretation of electric logs. The thickness ranges from about 170 feet (52 m) to about 400 feet (122 m). The altitude of the freshwater is shown in figure 16a and the base of the slightly saline water is shown in figure 16b.

Carrizo Aquifer

Another significant water-bearing unit is the Carrizo aquifer, which is present in about 70 percent of the county. In places, however, the Carrizo sands may be interbedded with clay as shown in figure 17, which shows ground water seeping from the Carrizo sands at the Ross clay pit of Henderson Clay Products north of the city of Henderson.

The Carrizo aquifer has an average sand thickness of about 80 feet (24 m) in the subsurface and 50 feet (15 m) in the outcrop area. However, a sand thickness map was not constructed because data were inadequate.

Other Aqui fers

Only a few small-capacity wells draw water from the Queen City aquifer because of its near surface occurrence and small aerial extent. Except for a few isolated exposures in the northwestern part of Rusk County, the Queen City is present only in downdropped blocks associated with the Mount Enterprise Fault System. The Sparta is present only in the area along the Mount Enter prise Fault System. The Sparta is not an important aquifer in Rusk County. Both the Queen City and Sparta feed numerous small springs in Rusk County.

GROUND-WATER HYDROLOGY Source and Occurrence

Precipitation is the source of all fresh ground water. Most precipitation on the land surface runs off, is consumed by evaporation, or is stored in the soil, later to be evaporated or transpired. A part of the water infiltrates through the pores of the soil and subsoil to the zone of saturation by the

-27-

31 4-»(!et<uS

Figure 17.-Ground water seeping from sand layers in the Carrizo aquifer at the Ross clay pit north of the city of Henderson

-31-

forces of gravity and molecular attraction. The zone of saturation is the zone below the water table where the interstices are filled with fluid.

Ground water in the area occurs under water-table and artesian conditions. Underwater-table conditions the water is unconfined. When tapped by a well, the unconfined water does not rise above the zone of saturation in the aquifer. Under artesian conditions, the water is confined. When tapped by a well, the confined water rises, due to hydrostatic pressure, above the level at which it is first encountered.

Fresh ground water occurs throughout Rusk County and often in at least several water-bearing sands. The most prolific water-producing zones are the artesian sands of the Wilcox, which are developed for municipal and industrial purposes. All significant withdrawals are from the artesian part of the Car- rizo and Wilcox aquifers. Less productive shallow wells that tap the first saturated sand below the land surface are often used for stock and domestic purposes. Water in these beds usually occurs under water-table conditions at a depth of less than 50 feet (15 m) below land surface. Detailed information on individual wells is given in table 1.

Recharge, Movement, and Discharge of Ground Water

Recharge, the addition of water to an aquifer by natural or artificial processes, occurs mainly from the infiltration of rainfall into the outcrop. Recharge also may occur by percolation of water from streams and ponded areas. There is a large potential for recharge in Rusk County because the Wilcox and Carrizo crop out in about 60 percent of the area. Although the actual rate of recharge is not known, it probably is less than 1 inch (25.4 mm) per year.

Ground water moves slowly through the aquifers under the force of gravity from areas of recharge to areas of discharge. The movement under water-table conditions is lateral to discharge areas which, under natural conditions, are topographically lower than the recharge area. The movement under artesian conditions is toward areas of lower pressure head, normally downdip in the aquifer. Water then moves vertically upward into the lower pressured shallow material. Natural discharge also may occur through a seep or spring; artifi cial discharge may occur through a well. The rate of movement in the aqui fers, either laterally or vertically, is dependent on the hydraulic gradient and conductivity of the material. Rates of movement probably are a few hundred feet per year.

The direction of movement in Rusk County in the water-table parts of the aquifers generally is toward the streams. The direction of movement in the artesian parts of the principal aquifers, the Carrizo and Wilcox, is from the outcrop toward the southeast and locally, toward the cones of depression at Henderson, East Texas Oil Field, and Tatum as shown in the potent iometri c- surface map for the Wilcox (fig. 18).

Hydraulic Characteristics of the Aquifers

The importance of an aquifer as a source of water depends upon "its abil ity to store and transmit water" according to Ferris and others (1962, p. 70).

-32-

These characteristics are expressed in terms of storage coefficient and transmissivity.

No aquifer tests were conducted in Rusk County because of a lack of con trolled conditions. Aquifer tests, however, have been performed using wells completed in the Wilcox, Carrizo, and Queen City aquifers in Cherokee County (W. F. Guyton and Associates, 1972), Gregg County (Broom, 1969), and Nacogdo- ches County (W. F. Guyton and Associates, 1970). The test data were analyzed either by the Theis nonequilibrium method (Theis, 1935) or the modified Theis recovery method (Wenzel, 1942, p. 95). The results are given in table 7.

To estimate the expected range of transmissivities of the Wilcox and Car rizo aquifers in Rusk County, the following assumptions were made:

1. The hydraulic conductivities of the sands in the three adjacent coun ties (table 7) are representative of the sands in these same aquifers in Rusk County;

2. The sands opposite the screen are similar to the unscreened sands; and3. The thickness of sands containing freshwater ranges from about 100 to

370 feet (30 to 113 m) for the Wilcox aquifer.Based on these assumptions, the transmissivities of the Wilcox aquifer would range from 270-13,500 ft2 /d (25-1,720 m2 /d); and based on a maximum sand thick ness of 100 feet in the Carrizo aquifer, the estimated maximum transmissivity is 6,400 ft 2/d (595 m 2/d).

Downdip from the outcrops where the Wilcox and Carrizo aquifers are under artesian conditions, the storage coefficients range from about 0.00006 to 0.0007, as indicated in table 7. Although no data are available for the area, the storage coefficients for the aquifers under water-table conditions would be expected to range from 0.1 to 0.2

The transmissivities and storage coefficients must be known to predict the drawdown of water levels caused by pumping a well or group of wells. The theoretical relationship of drawdown to transmissivity and distance is shown in figure 19. Calculations of drawdown are made on the basis of a group of wells pumping 1 Mgal/d (3,785 nP/d) continuously for 1 year from an extensive aquifer.

The relationship of drawdown to time and distance caused by a well or group of wells pumping 1 Mgal/d (3,785 m^/d) from an artesian aquifer of infi nite extent having a storage coefficient of 0.0001 and a transmissivity of 10,000 ft2 /d (930 m2 /d) is shown in figure 20. The rate of drawdown decreases with time, but the water level declines indefinitely until a source of recharge is intercepted to offset the withdrawal and establish equilibrium in the aqui fer. Because the drawdown is directly proportional to the rate of withdrawal, the drawdown for other than 1 Mgal/d (3,785 m3/d) can be determined by multi plying the drawdown value shown in figure 20 by the proper multiple or fraction of 1,000,000.

Note that figures 19 and 20 show that the drawdown caused by the pumping well is greatest near the well and decreases as distance from the pumping well increases. This is the practical reason for properly spacing wells; mutual interference is decreased and consequently, pumping costs are reduced.

-34-

DISTANCE FROM PUMPED WELL, IN KILOMETERS0 2 46 8 10 12 14 16

t____I____I____i____I____I____I____I0

40

QJ QJ U.

z £ o

cc o

80

120

160

200

T-10,0oo1

Transmissivity ( T ) = 5 0 0 , 5,000, and 10,000 f t 2 / d (46, 465, and 929

Storage coefficient (S) = 0.0001

Discharge rate (Q) = 1 Mgal/d (3785 m 3 / d )

Time ( t ) = 1 year

I I I

0

-10

-20

-30

-40

-50

OJoc

QJ

o o

oc o

-60

0 2 4 6 8 10

DISTANCE FROM PUMPED WELL, IN MILES

Figure 19.-Relationship of drawdown to transmissivity and distance

-35-

UJ UJ LL

o o

CC O

DISTANCE FROM PUMPED WELL, IN KILOMETERS

0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16Q

8

10

Tr a ns miss i v it y (T) = 10,000 ft / d

Storage coefficient (8) = 0.0001

Discharge rate (Q) = 1 Mgal/d (3785 m3/d)

Time ( t )= 0 . 5 , 1 and 5 years

e

-I

QC UJI- UJ

-2

Oo

QC O

-3

0 2 4 6 8 10

DISTANCE FROM PUMPED WELL, IN MILES

Figure 20.-Relationship of drawdown to time and distance as a result of

pumping under artesian conditions

-36-

Table 7. Results of aquifer tests in Cherokee, Gregg. and Nacogdoches Counties.!/

County prefixes: DJ - Cherokee; KU - Gregg; TX - Nacogdoches

Well

DJ-37-01-401

402

09-101

33-202

38-06-603

604

15-102

502

DJ-38-32-903

Sand thick ness of

pumped well (feet )

75

60

75

1/52

1/70

80

90

1/36

101

1/45

Discharge (gallons

per minute)

343

350

350

43

102

692

621

36

473

50

Specific capac ity (gallons per minute per foot

(of drawdown)

Carri zo

5.4

5.4

~

4.5

1.2

13.1

10.3

2.1

7.1

Hydraulic conductivity Storage

(feet per coefficient day)

aqui f er

19.4

25.5

22 0.0001

28.4

63.8

31.0

18.9

15.7

20.6

Queen City aquifer 1.8 9.0

Remarks

Recovered for 24 hours.

Do.

Drawdown of observation well DJ-37-01-401.


Do.

Do.



Recovered for 24.5 hours.


Carrizo-Wilcox aquiferKU-35-26-705

706

708

DJ-34-64-402

37-09-102

38-08-105

TX-37-10-403

11-901

13-402

404

64

105

75

90

1/94

90

55

50

30

1/30

58

"""

300

100

63

75

102

110

85

123

123

180

""""

2.8

--

Wi 1 cox6.1

7.1

7.4

1.0

1.6

1.0

--

3.6

11.4 .00006

5.7

5.5

aqui f er19.4

18.2

36.4

2.7

6.7

5.0

5.0 .0007

13.4

Drawdown of observation well.

Drawdown of pumped well

Recovered for 5 months.


--

-


--

Drawdown of observation well TX-37-13-401.


\j Modified from Broom (1969) and W. F. Guyton and Associates (1970, 1972). 21 Length of screen.

-37-

QUALITY OF GROUND WATER

Chemical constituents found in ground water originate principally from the soil and rocks through which the water has passed. Consequently, the chemical character of the water reflects, in a general way, the nature of the geologic formations that have been in contact with the water. Usually ground water in confined aquifers is free from contamination by organic matter. Sometimes, however, ground water in unconfined aquifers may become contaminated when con taminated water percolates from the land surface.

Those factors determining the suitability of water for a particular use are the quality of the water and the limitations imposed by the use. Important criteria used in establishing limitations are bacterial content, temperature, color, taste, odor, and concentration of chemical constituents in the water. Pesticides, if present, also may be a factor in limiting use. A general list ing of sources and the significance of dissolved mineral constituents and prop erties are presented in table 8 (supplemental information).

Wells in Rusk County for which water-quality data are available are listed in table 1. Results of these analyses, showing the source and amount of dis solved constituents are listed in table 4a. Data for certain metals and trace elements are listed in table 4b. The analyses included those made by the Geo logical Survey, other government agencies, and commercial laboratories.

Three samples of ground water were analyzed for pesticides. Water from springs WR-35-57-403 (Big Springs) and WR-37-02-904 (Sulfur Springs) and from well WR-37-03-202 (Mount Enterprise) was analyzed for 28 insecticides and her bicides. None of these water samples contained pesticides in excess of the suggested limits.

For many purposes, the dissolved-solids concentration places a major lim itation on the use of ground water. A general classification of water based on the dissolved-solids concentration is as follows (modified after Winslow and Kister, 1956, p. 5):

Dissolved-solids concentration Description (milligrams per liter)

Fresh Less than 1,000 Slightly saline 1,000 - 3,000 Moderately saline 3,000 - 10,000 Very saline 10,000 - 35,000 Brine__________________More than 35,000____

Water-Quality Criteria and Standards

The Federal Water Pollution Control Act Amendment of 1972 requires that the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) publish criteria accurately reflecting the latest scientific knowledge. The law requires that these cri teria consider the kind and extent of all identifiable effects upon health and welfare that may result from the presence of any pollutants. Moreover, these criteria should be set forth for all bodies of water including ground water. During 1973, the Environmental Protection Agency published criteria relating

-38-

to the protection of human health and desired species of aquatic plants (Nation al Academy of Sciences, National Academy of Engineering, 1973). During 1976, the Environmental Protection Agency revised the earlier rules (U.S. Environmen tal Protection Agency, 1977a).

The Environmental Protection Agency's "Quality Criteria for Water, 1976," discusses more than 50 constituents commonly occurring in water. It sets the recommended limits, presents the reason for selecting a given criteria, and cites references relating to these standards. Rules for the primary drinking water regulations were published in the Federal Register (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 1976) and became effective July 3, 1979. Rules for the National secondary drinking water regulations were published in the Federal Register (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 1979) and became effective Jan uary 19, 1981. Although concentrations of chemical constituents exceeding the recommended limits are objectionable, these limits may sometimes be changed in areas where suitable water is not otherwise available, provided that health and public welfare are adequately protected (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 1979).

Aquifers and Geologic Units

Chemical analyses showing the concentrations of dissolved constituents in water from 158 wells and 2 springs are listed in table 4a. About 68 percent of these wells tap the Wilcox aquifer, 18 percent the Carrizo aquifer, and 1 percent the combined Carrizo and Wilcox aquifers. Another 13 percent tap the basal sands of the Reklaw Formation, which are hydraulically connected to the underlying Carrizo. Electric logs are available for many additional wells and are useful in delineating variation in water salinity.

The dissolved-solids concentrations of water from representative wells from the various units are shown in figure 21. Some of the wells inventoried in previous investigations could be relocated only approximately.

Chemical quality of ground water based on electric logs indicates that sand containing slightly saline water sometimes overlies freshwater sands. In places, even the shallow sands yield slightly mineralized water. Water from 28 shallow wells less than 75 feet (23 m) deep, had concentrations of more than 1,000 mg/L (milligrams per liter) dissolved solids according to Lyl e (1937, p. 72-86). Water from nine of these wells had dissolved-solids concen trations exceeding 3,000 mg/L. Partial analyses of water from two of these wells, WR-35-57-803 and WR-35-60-701, are listed in table 4a.

Midway Group

Some electric logs indicate that slightly saline water occasionally is present in a sand about 100 feet (30 m) below the top of the Midway. Where this occurs, the base of slightly saline water is picked at the base of this unit. The presence of this sand also is noted by the Texas Department of Water Resources, which may require use of surface casing to protect the sand from contamination by oil and gas production. The Midway, however, does not yield water to wells in Rusk County.

-39-

Wilcox Aquifer

Water from 107 wells tapping the Wilcox generally was of a sodium bicar bonate type. A calcium magnesium chloride sulfate type of water occurs in several shallow wells (generally less than 300 feet or 91 m deep), such as WR-35-51-903 and WR-35-52-701. Both types of water in the Wilcox are described in Rusk County by Henry, Basciano, and Duex (1980).

Concentrations of dissolved solids in the 107 samples analyzed ranged from 49 mg/L (in a 200-foot or 61-m deep well) to 3,430 mg/L in one well tapping a basal Wilcox sand. Only eight samples exceeded concentrations of 1,000 mg/L dissolved solids. The electric logs shown in the cross sections (figs. 10-12) also indicate that some of the sand beds in the lower part of the Wilcox aqui fer contain better quality water than the overlying beds. One example of water-quality zonation in the Wilcox aquifer is illustrated at WR-35-50-804, a test hole drilled for the city of Henderson in 1942. Analyses of water from the well show:

Interval sampledDissolved-solids concentration ___(feet)___ (milligrams per liter)

246-257 292493-504 1,116600-611 945683-694 795

Analyses of water samples collected from well WR-35-50-801, owned by the city of Henderson, show that dissolved-solids concentrations increased from 249 to 328 mg/L between 1941 and 1983. This well is located between the cone of depression at Henderson and Henderson Oil Field. It is also only half a mile due east of well WR-35-50-804.

Carrizo Aquifer

Water from each of 31 wells and springs in the Carrizo was analyzed. Most of the wells were less than 100 feet (30 m) deep. The water usually was of a calcium magnesium chloride sulfate type, although sodium and bicarbonate ions were predominant in a few analyses. Only three samples exceeded 1,000 mg/L dissolved-solids concentration.

Spring WR-35-57-406 (Big Springs), once used for public supply, issues from the Carrizo Sand. Water from the spring contained 60 yg/L (micrograms per liter) of chromium and 28 yg/L of lead (see table 4b). The concentration of chromium exceeds the recommended limit of 50 yg/L for public supply use. In 1983, water from Big Springs was reported to be used by some local residents for washing automobiles.

Analyses of water from well WR-35-41-703, tapping the Carrizo-Wilcox, show that the concentration of dissolved solids has increased from 140 to 546 yg/L between 1941 and 1983. This city of Overton well is located along the west side of East Texas Oil Field near the source of Bowles Creek.

-41-

Other Aquifers and Geologic Units

Only one analysis of water from a well tapping the Queen City is listed in table 4a, and the analysis may or may not be representative of water in the aquifer. No analyses of water from the Sparta Sand are included in this report.

Results of analyses of water from 15 wells tapping the Reklaw Formation are listed. Water from two of these wells contained more than 1,000 mg/L dis solved solids. Two of these wells yielded water with relatively high sulfate concentrations. Analyses also are included in table 4a for two samples col lected from wells tapping unknown water-bearing sands.

Contamination and Protection of Ground Hater

Rusk County is a substantial, but declining oil-producing county. During 1980, it produced 14,900,000 barrels (2,370,000 m 3 ) of oil, down from about 21,164,311 barrels (3-,365,000 m3 ) of oil during 1973. Much of this crude was withdrawn from the East Texas Oil Field, which had a cumulative production of 4.622 billion barrels (734,900,000 m3 ) of oil through 1980. The number of pro ducing wells peaked at 25,987 during November 1939 according to the Railroad Commission of Texas. According to the East Texas Salt Water Disposal Company (1958), by January 1, 1958, 29,806 wells had been drilled in the field. At that time there were 19,684 producing wells.

During 1981, pressure-maintenance programs used fresh and slightly saline water from the Wilcox aquifer for oilfield water flooding at a number of oil fields in the area. These include the following fields as shown in figure 5 (and pay zones): East Texas (Woodbine), Pone (basal Pettit), Shiloh (upper Pettit), Tatum (Pettit and lower Pettit), Henderson (Pettit and Travis Peak), and East Henderson (Travis Peak).

Surface Casing

An act of the Texas Legislature, passed in 1899, requires that oil and gas wells be cased to prevent ground water above the producing zone from enter ing oil and gas wells. Later, acts of 1919, 1931, 1932, and 1935, gave broad powers to the Railroad Commission to prevent oil, gas, and water from escaping from the original strata in which they are confined into another strata.

Originally, the Railroad Commission determined where surface casing should be set. Later, the Texas Department of Water Resources and its predecessors was given the authority to make recommendations concerning the protection of usable water. Water containing dissolved-solids concentrations of less than 3,000 ng/L is recommended for protection by use of surface casing or cement. Recommendation for protection of more highly mineralized water may be made if the water is being used for beneficial purposes.

The depth to the base of sands containing fresh to slightly saline water (in those fields for which field rules exist) and the amount of required cemented surface casing, according to published rules of the Railroad Commis sion of Texas are shown in figure 22. A recent statewide ruling of the Rail road Commission of Texas in June 1979 relating to the drilling, producing, and

-42-

,o*v

I-UJ UJu.

UJou. or

200

400

600

800

CO

o 1000

1200

UJ CO

0. UJo

1400

1600

1800

2000

DEPTH OF CEMENTED CASING As specified in field rules of the Texas Railroad Commission

BASE OF SLIGHTLY SALINE WATER- Diagonal line indicates range of depth

-100COorUJi-UJ

-200uT o

300

oroCO

o z

-400

-500

-600

ooXI-Q. UJO

Figure 22.-Relationship between surface-casing requirements and the base of fresh to

slightly saline water. Rusk County-43-

plugging of any oil, gas, or geothermal well requires the protection of usable water both above and below the surface. Also, the Texas Department of Water Resources requires that all fresh and slightly saline water sands be protected. However, according to the original field rules in 1932 for East Texas (Woodbine) Oil Field, the base of usable water is not adequately protected.

Disposal of Saltwater

Considerable amounts of brine are produced in Rusk County in connection with the production of oil. If mishandled in improperly cased or plugged oil wells or tests holes, these brines can move upward from the underlying higher pressured saltwater-bearing formations into zones of fresh and slightly saline water. To prevent this, the Railroad Commission requires that brine be dis posed of in ways that will not contaminate freshwater.

Between January 1, 1969, (when the Railroad Commission established a rule prohibiting the use of open pits for disposal of oilfield brine) and 1981, nearly all of the brine produced in Rusk County was disposed of through injec tion wells. Currently (1982), this is particularly true in the area around East Texas Oil Field where the additional water is needed to maintain reservoir pressure for secondary recovery.

Large quantities of saltwater have been produced from East Texas Oil Field. During some years, the production of saltwater almost equaled the pro duction of oil. The amounts (daily average) of saltwater that were produced, injected, and otherwise diverted for selected years are shown in table 9.

A study of saltwater disposal (Railroad Commission of Texas, 1952, p. 91) showed that during October 1935, East Texas Oil Field had been producing about 15,000 barrels (2,385 m3 ) of saltwater per day. By 1938, water production had increased to about 100,000 barrels (15,900 m3 ) per day. During this period, saltwater was pumped into natural drainage systems. Saltwater was first reinjected into the subsurface during June 1938. By 1942, saltwater production had increased to 439,000 barrels (69,800 m3 ) per day. This was equivalent to about 18.44 Mgal/d (69,800 rn^/d), of which 18.4 percent was being reinjected into the producing Woodbine sands. About 15 Mgal/d (56,780 m3 /d) was being otherwise diverted, probably into surface pits and into the natural drainage system.

During 1961, the total brine production for East Texas Oil Field was esti mated to be 155,193,391 barrels (24,675,000 m 3 ). About 99 percent was disposed of through injection wells. About 0.2 percent, 0.4 Mgal/d (1,500 m3/d) was disposed of through open surface pits, while another 0.7 percent, 0.12 Mgal/d (450 m3 /d) was disposed of by unknown methods. (See Texas Water Commission and the Texas Water Pollution Control Board, 1963.)

Contamination

One case of oilfield brine contamination has been documented at Henderson Field in Rusk County by Burnitt (1963). Contamination was found in an 85-foot (140-m) deep water well (WR-35-50-204) and at three stream sites along the Beaver Run and Cherokee Bayou drainage areas. Leakage occurred from unlined

-44-

Table 9. Saltwater production and disposal, East Texas Oil Field

(Figures modified from East Texas Salt Water Disposal Co., 1958, and Texas Water Commission and Texas Water Pollution Control Board, 1963)

Year

1935

1938

1942

1950

1961

Saltwater (daily

Barrels

15,000

100,000

439,000

643,000

433,000

produced average)Million gallons

0.63

4.20

18.44

27.00

18.19

Saltwater (daily

Barrels

0

610

81,000

466,000

429,000

injected Saltwater otherwise diverted average) idailj average)Million gallons

0

.03

3.40

19.57

18.02

Barrels

15,000

100,000

358,000

177,000

4,000

Million gallons

0.63

4.17

15.04

7.43

0.17

NOTE: Figures may vary slightly due to rounding procedures.

-45-

surface pits, formerly used for storing oilfield brines. Analyses of water collected from the contaminated well show relatively high amounts of calcium, sodium, chloride, and total dissolved solids, and a relatively low pH. The first sample was collected after 1 minute of pumping; the second sample after 5 hours of pumping. During this period, the total dissolved solids increased from 1,870 to 2,475 mg/L; the pH declined from 6.5 to 5.6. Water collected from one stream site contained 50 mg/L of dissolved solids. Water collected from the three contaminated stream sites had dissolved-solids concentrations of 116,880, 6,684, and 6,609 mg/L.

Hughes and Leifeste (1967) completed a reconnaissance of water quality of surface water in the Neches River basin. Their study includes data on Striker Creek Lake and the Striker Creek drainage basin, which also includes the Bowles Creek watershed. Water samples were collected during low flows from 24 sites in the Striker Creek basin during March and June 1964. Hughes and Leifeste (1967, p. A21) reported that some earthen pits were still used to store oil field brine. They also observed oil wastes along the banks of water courses, which indicated that there had been brine spills. "In addition to deliberate dumping," reported Hughes and Leifeste, "brine also reaches streams as a re sult of leaks in collection systems, breaks in pipelines, overflow of storage tanks, and other accidents incidental to the handling of large volumes of waste water." The following are conclusions they reached:

1. Bowles Creek and its tributaries are the source of most of the salin ity;

2. Many streams carry acid water with the pH as low as 3.2;3. Sodium and chloride are the principal dissolved constituents;4. Sulfate concentrations generally are low throughout the area;5. Where acid water occurs outside the oilfield area, sulfate is the

principal anion; and6. High chloride water was not found outside the oilfield area.

DEVELOPMENT AND USE OF GROUND WATER History of Development

Prior to about 1920, nearly all the water used in Rusk County came from shallow wells dug into the Wilcox and Carrizo aquifers. Numerous springs (there may be as many as several hundred) also provide water throughout much of the area. Brune (1981, p. 390-394) in "Springs of Texas" lists 43 springs of historical interest. Many of these are located along the Mount Enterprise Fault Zone. Stockman Springs (WR-37-03-403), west of Mount Enterprise, is located along the East Fork of the Angelina River. Brune reports that in 1833, Henry Stockman received a land grant which included the springs now named after him. He also relates that Stockman, along with a yoke of oxen, drowned in the springs. Other springs such as Sulphur Springs (WR-37-02-904) are of similar extent.

The discovery of East Texas Oil Field in 1930 created an immediate demand for water to be used for industrial purposes. Almost all of this withdrawal was from the Carrizo and Wilcox aquifers. Turner (1932, p. 6) estimated that about 16.2 Mgal/d (61,317 m^/d) was being withdrawn for oilfield operations in Rusk and Gregg Counties. The cities of Kilgore (Gregg and Rusk Counties) and Longview (Gregg County) at first used water from the Sabine River. By 1934,

-46-

concentrations of oilfield brines and industrial wastes became so high during low flow in the Sabine River that these cities located other sources of drink ing water. For a while Longview diverted creek water for drinking, but now (1982) uses water from Lake Cherokee (Rusk and Gregg Counties). Kilgore with draws ground water from well fields in Smith County.

When Lyle (1937) inventoried 406 wells in Rusk County, only 15 were clas sified as industrial, 8 as public supply, and 16 as "oilfield" use. Most of the larger-capacity wells were concentrated around East Texas Oil Field and the city of Henderson. Elsewhere, shallow-dug wells were used for domestic and stock purposes.

Much of the industrial use of ground water is related to the production of oil and gas with most of the withdrawals concentrated in East Texas Oil Field. Follett (1943) inventoried those industrial wells in the northwestern part of the county. During 1981, water levels were measured in some of the same wells he visited.

Shallow wells continued to be used rather extensively in the area until the late 1960's and early 1970's. By then, a number of rural water-supply corporations were organized under the auspices of the Farmers Home Administra tion. During 1981, there were 24 active water-supply corporations serving residents of Rusk County. These systems, together with the municipalities of Henderson, Overton, New London, and Tatum, supply about 90 percent of the water used for domestic and stock purposes.

Use of Water

Withdrawals of ground water during 1960, 1970, and 1980 are summarized by use in table 10. During 1980, all significant withdrawals of ground water, about 4.6 Mgal/d (17,411 m^/d), were from the Wilcox aquifer. Of this amount, about 94 percent was freshwater. Numerous springs, creeks, and ponds supply the water needs for livestock. Surface water is used for some public supply and industrial purposes. The Elderville Water-Supply Corporation obtains water from Lake Cherokee through the City of Longview; Texas Utilities Gener ating Company uses Martin Lake as a source of cooling water at their generating plant.

Municipal Use

Estimates of municipal use of ground water are listed in table 11. Of the 4.20 Mgal/d (15,900 rn^/d) of ground water used for public supply, 3.23 Mgal/d (12,230 m^/d) of water was used by the five municipalities listed in table 11. The City of Henderson, the largest single user, pumped 2.05 Mgal/d (7.760 m^/d) of ground water from the Wilcox during 1980. The average per capita consump tion of ground water from the five largest communities was 190 gal/d (0.7 nr/ d). The 24 rural water-supply corporations serving the smaller communities furnished about 0.97 Mgal/d (3,670 nH/d) or about 23 percent of the water used for public supply during 1980. The approximate area served by all 29 public water-supply systems in Rusk County is shown in figure 23. Elderville Water Supply Corporation, which uses surface water from Lake Cherokee, is the only public supply system that does not use ground water.

-47-

Table 10. Approximate withdrawals of ground water during1960 , 1970, and

(Mgal/d, million gallons

Use

Industrial

Mining!/

Public supply

Rural domestic

Totals

1960Mgal/d

1.20

1.40

.50

3.10

Ac re- ft

1,344

1,568

560

3,472

1980 in Rusk County

per day; acre-ft, acre-feet)

1970Mgal/d

1.15

.04

2.25

.08

3.52

Acre-ft

1,288

45

2,520

90

3,943

1980Mgal/d

0.50

.55

4.20

.15

5.40

Acre-ft

504

616

4,705

224

6,049

\J Includes slightly saline water.

-49-

Table 11. Municipal use of ground water in Rusk County

Municipality

Henderson

Mount Enterprise

New London

Overton

Tat urn

Total s

1980 Popu

lation

11,473

485

942

2,430

1,614

16,944

1980 Per capita consumption

(gallons)

178

365

400

178

120

1/190

1942 1943 1970(million gallons

0.36

I/.20

0.56

1/0.38 1

2/.20

.01

0.59 1

per

.27

.07

.22

.29

.85

1980day)

2.05

.18

.38

.43

.19

3.23

_!/ November and December estimated on 1941 basis.2/ Estimated.3/ Average per capita consumption.

NOTE: Some figures may vary slightly due to rounding.

-50-

Industrial Use

Industrial use during 1980 was estimated to be about 0.50 Mgal/d (1,892 m-yd), a decline of more than 50 percent from 1970. Nearly all of the indus trial use is for cooling at gasoline plants and refineries. Increased energy costs have caused some operators to replace ground water with more economical sources of cooling, such as air and liquid hydrocarbons. Other industrial users have abandoned their wells and now obtain water from public-supply sources.

*

Mining Use r-

Withdrawals of water for mining (fuels) are reported to the Railroad Com mission of Texas. During 1980, about 0.550 Mgal/d (2,082 n^/d) of water was withdrawn from the Wilcox aquifer for pressure maintenance. One example of such a project, Mobil's T. 0. Mason lease, is pictured in figure 24. Here, slightly saline water from the Wilcox is treated and mixed with produced brine from the Woodbine. This fluid is then injected underground in secondary recov ery of oil at East Texas Oil Field. Pressure maintenance operations (water flooding) are or have been underway at eight oilfield sites in East Texas, two in Tatum, one in Henderson, one in South Henderson, one in Pone, and one in Shiloh.

Changes in Water Levels - }

Most water levels in Rusk County were measured during three periods: Dur ing 1936, between 1937 and 1940, and from about 1972 through 1981. Most of the observation wells before 1972 were concentrated near the city of Henderson. During 1972, the Texas Department of Water Resources initiated a network of observation wells that included the entire county. Practically no water-level data are available prior to the discovery of East Texas Oil Field in 1930.

Water-level measurements (three or less) are listed in the records of wells, springs, and test holes (table 1). Other measurements (four or more) are tabulated in the list of water levels in wells (table 3). Hydrographs depicting water-level fluctuations in selected wells are shown in figure 25.

Many of the water levels measured are in wells that show no particular change. These water levels rise and fall due to changes in season and varia tions in rainfall. Sustained long-term declines in water levels are evident in two places, near the city of Henderson and in the area of East Texas Oil Field. In both areas there is a concentration of wells producing an average of over a million gallons per day. Most of the wells withdraw water from the middle and lower Wilcox sands.

At the city of Henderson, a moderate cone of depression (fig. 18) has resulted from ground-water withdrawals of about 2.0 Mgal/d (7,570 n?/d). The water level in well WR-35-50-901, near Henderson, declined about 134 feet (41 m) between 1935 and 1981 (fig. 25).

Water levels in well WR-35-41-703 declined 29 feet (9 m) between 1941 and 1979; water levels in well WR-35-41-901 declined about 17 feet (5 m) between 1949 and 1981; and water levels in well WR-35-49-702 declined 67 feet (20 m)

-51-

Figure 24.-Water-storage tank at Mobil's T.O. Mason pressure maintenance project in East Texas Oil Field

-52-

-C9-

ro 01'iTlc" o +c 0 »o3 CD

ODEPTH TO WATER, IN FEET BELOW LAND SURFACE

33C CO

»3a O

Oo c

_o(O CM

4^ CM CM CM CM CM ro ro ro ro ro _ ___O oo a> 4* ro o oo en 4» ro o CD a> 4» roooocn4^ roooooo oooooooo oooooo o

§

8

m>JO

s

00

81^

00

n^ o> o

DEPTH TO WATER, IN METERS BELOW LAND SURFACE

between 1938 and 1979. However, not all water levels in Rusk County declined. The water level in well WR-35-41-501 rose 43 feet (13 m) between 1947 and 1979. The water level in well WR-35-44-601, tapping the Wilcox, declined about 54 feet (16 m) between 1938 and 1979. Elsewhere in Rusk County, water levels in most wells have not declined appreciably. For example, the water level in well WR-37-01-501 (fig. 25), tapping the Queen City, shows no long-term change.

Well Construction

Well construction depends on several factors such as the desired capacity of the well, intended use, allowable cost, methods of drilling, and quality of the water desired. Some information on the well construction used in the county is tabulated in table 1. Except for shallow-dug wells, wells are cased and have slotted screen opposite water-bearing sands.

Large-capacity wells such as those used for industrial and municipal sup ply are drilled by hydraulic rotary methods. First, a test hole (usually 6 inches or 152 mm in diameter) is drilled to total depth and logged for thick ness of sand intervals. Water samples are collected to determine water qual ity in the different sands. If the data indicate that sufficient quantities of suitable quality water can be developed, a well is constructed. Test drill ing is necessary in much of Rusk County, but particularly in the Mount Enter prise Fault Zone or in areas where the Wilcox sands contain water that varies in quality.

In a typical large-capacity well, the upper part of the test hole usually is reamed to 14-20 inches (355-510 mm) in diameter. A slightly smaller sur face casing is set and cemented in place to form the pump pit or housing. The remaining part of the test hole is then reamed to a diameter slightly less than that of the surface casing. The interval to be screened is then underreamed as desired, usually to 30 inches (760 mm) in diameter, and 8-12 inch (205-305 mm) diameter wire-wrapped screens and blank casing are installed. Next, the annular space between the screen or casing and the wall of the hole is filled with sorted gravel. This gravel pack stabilizes the hole and effectively increases the diameter of the well. Large-capacity wells are developed and tested with large-capacity pumps. The wells then are fitted with deep-well turbine pumps, usually powered by electric motors. Porperly constructed wells in the Wilcox or Carrizo aquifers yield about 500 gal/min (32 L/s).

Most of the drilled wells used for stock and domestic purposes in Rusk County have 2- to 4-inch (51- to 102-mm) casing. Generally, jet pumps are used for the smaller-diameter wells if the water level is near the surface, and submersible pumps are used in the deeper 4-inch (102-mm) wells. Plastic (PVC) casing is often used due to its lower cost and ability to resist corrosion from water having a low pH or high iron content. Often the 4-inch (102-mm) wells are completed with a smaller-diameter single screen placed at the bottom of the well. Sometimes a wire-wrapped screen is used. More frequently, however, the last joint of pipe is slotted or perforated and possibly gravel packed.

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AVAILABILITY OF GROUND WATER

Some freshwater is available from every formation above the Midway Group. Only the Carrizo and Wilcox aquifers, however, are capable of producing sub stantial quantities of water. The Sparta and Queen City Sands, as previously mentioned, are limited in thickness and extent and only rarely are tapped by large wells in Rusk County. Although basal sands of the Reklaw furnish some water, they are hydraulically connected with the underlying Carrizo and should not be considered a source of water apart from the Carrizo. Moreover, the Reklaw, Queen City, Weches, and Sparta also overlie the Carrizo and Wilcox aquifers. Consequently, there is almost always a higher-yielding, but deeper, source of ground water available from the Carrizo and Wilcox sands.

It is not known if the current level of freshwater withdrawal will be maintained for the foreseeable future. If it is, a continued but moderate lowering of the potentometric surface is expected. With withdrawal of ground water, the lowering of water levels continues until the area of influence from the well fields becomes large enough so that the recharge equals the discharge. While water levels are lowered, water is taken from storage. The potentiometric surface of the Wilcox aquifer (fig. 18) indicates that the area of influence already extends past the Rusk County line. There are not sufficient withdrawal or water-level data to determine if the general water-level declines shown in figure 25 will continue permanently because of continued increases in pumpage or only be temporary because of recent increases in pumpage. Data are insuf ficient to construct a water-level decline map for Rusk County.

In the case of the Wilcox and Carrizo aquifers in Rusk County, the recharge may be effectively increasing as the water levels are drav/n down. Additional drawdown causes an increase in the head differences between the water table, which is expected to remain reasonably stable, and the potentiometric surface of the major water-bearing zones. Thus, the vertical hydraulic gradient is increased, thereby proportionally increasing the vertical leakage or movement of water.

One unknown aspect of continuing or increasing the ground-water withdraw als from the Wilcox is the possibility of increasing the water's salinity. As the water levels are lowered, water movement from nearby zones occurs. If these zones contain water of a higher salinity, the dissolved-solids concentra tions in the major freshwater zones would be expected to eventually increase.

Wilcox and Carrizo Aquifers

Fresh to slightly saline water is available from the Wilcox aquifer throughout the entire 939 square miles (2,432 km^) of Rusk County. The aver age thickness of sand in the Wilcox containing freshwater in Rusk County is about 245 feet (75 m). Based upon a porosity of 30 percent, the Wilcox con tains about 40 million acre-feet (49,300 hm^) of water; however, it is econom ically impractical to recover more than a small percentage of this water. Assuming a specific yield of 0.15, about 20 million acre-feet (24,660 hm^) of water is available from storage. Water in storage is not a good measure of availability in Rusk County because it is not economically practical to recover more than a moderate amount of the total water stored in the aquifer system.

-55-

Also, because the slightly saline water-bearing sands are interbedded with the freshwater-bearing sands, chemical quality may be a deterrent to development.

Freshwater is available from the Carrizo wherever it is present in Rusk County. Based on an area of 656 square miles (1,699 km2 ), a porosity of 30 percent, and an average sand thickness of 70 feet (21 m), the aquifer contains about 8 million acre-feet (9,864 hm3 ) of water. Assuming a specific yield of 0.15 and an overall average sand thickness of 70 feet (21 m), about 4 million acre-feet (4,932 hm3 ) of water is available from storage in the Carrizo. The Carrizo is in hydraulic continuity with and serves as an avenue of recharge to the Wilcox throughout much of Rusk County.

Moderate amounts of ground water are available for development. The amount that is available perennially is not known, but is greater than that being with drawn. Assuming a pre-development hydraulic gradient of about 8 ft/mi (1.5 m/ km), a hydraulic conductivity of 14 ft/d (4.3 m/d), and an average freshwater sand thickness of 245-feet (74.7 m), at least 12 Mgal/d (45,420 m^/d) of fresh ground water is being transmitted through the Wilcox and about 3 Mgal/d (11,350 m3 /d) through the Carrizo.

Other Aquifers

The Queen City aquifer, present in about 10 percent of the county, is prac tically undeveloped. Maximum thickness of the Queen City is about 132 feet (40 m). The aquifer is capable of producing ample supplies of ground water for stock and domestic use. The Sparta Sand aquifer, which only occurs locally in the vicinity of the Mount Enterprise Fault system, is practically undevel oped. Because of their limited extent and near-surface occurrence, neither the Sparta nor Queen City is an important aquifer in Rusk County.

Areas Most Favorable for Future Development

Areas most favorable for future development of ground water are shown in figure 26. These areas have been designated as follows: I, most favorable; II, favorable; III, moderately favorable; IV, moderately unfavorable; and V, most unfavorable.

Representative criteria useful in classifying the favorability of areas for additional freshwater development include: 1, hydraulic conductivity; 2, aver age thickness of freshwater-bearing sands; 3, amount of ground water being withdrawn; 4, thickness or amount of slightly saline water-bearing sands interbedded with freshwater sands; 5, possible effects of faulting; and 6, possibil ity of freshwater sands being mineralized by oilfield brines.

The most favorable region for future development, shown as area I in figure 26, is located in southwestern Rusk County. The area has one of the thicker sections of freshwater-bearing Wilcox sands, and the Carrizo is present in about 95 percent of the area. Also no significant ground-water withdrawals occur in the area.

-56-

EXPLANATION

AREAS OF FAVORABIUTY

Most favorable

Favorabi*

Moderately fa«orabl*

Mod*rat*ly unfavorable

Most unfavorable

V

« to UH.CI

m from U.S. Ctologicol S«r»«r

Figure 26,-Locitioni of ir«i« fivonbU for lulur* development of ground water

Two favorable areas, shown as area II, are present. One lies in the east- central part of the county east of Henderson and another is present south of the Mount Enterprise Fault System. Although some Carrizo crops out on the sur face in both areas, the largest ground-water supplies could be developed from the Wilcox aquifer.

Three moderately favorable areas, shown as area III, are present. Two of these areas are located in the southern section of the county and are associ ated with the Mount Enterprise Fault System. Outliers of both the Queen City and Sparta are preserved in the downdropped blocks of the system. Consequently, these are the places where the most complete geologic section is developed. Although there could be considerable amounts of available freshwater in this area, development of individual wells should be considered carefully because faulting may have interrupted the lateral continuity of a producing zone. The other moderately favorable area is located in the north-central part of the county where the freshwater-bearing Wilcox sands are relatively thin.

The moderately unfavorable area, shown as area IV, extends from about the city of Henderson northwestward to the county line. The area has experienced a substantial decline in water levels and has encountered some brine pollution.

Three most unfavorable areas, shown as area V, are present. One of the areas, about 30 square miles (78 km^) near the city of Henderson, accounts for about 40 percent of all ground water withdrawn in the county and may be consid ered moderately developed. Two other areas are located between Overton and New London and at Price in the area of East Texas Oil Field. This is an area where there are two cones of depression and considerable interfingering of slightly saline water-bearing sands with freshwater sands.

NEEDS FOR CONTINUING DATA COLLECTION

Collection of withdrawal, water-level, and water-quality data in Rusk County should be continued and expanded. During about 1972, the Texas Depart ment of Water Resources initiated a program of measuring water levels and col lecting water-quality data in the area. The data-collection program should be continued and could be expanded to include a few wells that tap the deeper Wil cox sands outside of the more heavily pumped areas. Water-quality data also could be collected at Henderson to monitor saltwater encroachment.

A ground-water program to investigate contamination of freshwater sands by oilfield brines could be initiated in the East Texas and Henderson Oil Fields. Emphasis of such a program should be placed on investigating the deeper sands of the Wilcox as well as the shallow sands in areas of recharge.

CONCLUSIONS

The Wilcox aquifer is the major source of ground water in Rusk County. It yields both fresh and slightly saline water. Water can also be obtained from the Carrizo, Queen City,and Sparta aquifers and from the Reklaw Formation. The Carrizo, the most extensive of the other sources, is in hydrologic continuity with the underlying Wilcox.

-58-

Numerous facies changes are present within the Wilcox, which consists of thin but sometimes massive beds of fine to coarse grained sand, silt, and clay. The aquifer ranges in thickness from about 750 feet (229 m) to more than 1,200 feet (366 m). The Wilcox is the only freshwater-bearing unit that is present throughout all of Rusk Conty. No freshwater occurs below the base of the Wil cox. In places, however, slightly saline water-bearing beds are interbedded with and sometimes overlie freshwater-bearing sands. Although some of these relationships are natural, others may result from the mineralization of water by oilfield brines.

Daily withdrawal of ground water for all purposes increased from 3.1 Mgal/d (11,750 m3/d) during 1960 to 5.4 Mgal/d (20,450 m 3/d) during 1980. Daily with drawal for municipal purposes has increased from 1.4 Mgal/d (5,300 m3/d) dur ing 1960 to 4.2 Mgal/d (15,900 m3/d) during 1980. About half of the municipal and about 38 percent of the total ground-water withdrawal (1980) is from a small area around the city of Henderson. Consequently, water levels at Hender- son have declined about 135 feet (41 m) or an average of about 2.9 feet (0.9 m) per year between 1935 and 1981.

Additional supplies of fresh ground water can be developed throughout nearly all of Rusk County. About 20 million acre-feet (24,660 hm 3 ) of fresh water is available from storage, and a total of 12 Mgal/d (46,650 m3/d) is being transmitted through the Wilcox aquifer. Slightly saline water also is available from the Wilcox aquifer. About 4 million acre-feet (4,932 hm3 ) of freshwater is available from storage, and a total of about 3 Mgal/d (11,200 m 3/d) is being transmitted through the Carrizo aquifer. Wells that are prop erly constructed should yield about 500 gal/min (32 L/s) from the Wilcox and possibly the Carrizo aquifers; a few wells have been constructed that yield as much as 1,000 gal/min (63 L/s).

Much of the variation in the quality of the ground water in the Wilcox aquifer is natural. Three areas in which variations are likely to occur are near the city of Henderson, in the East Texas Oil Field, and along the Mount Enterprise Fault System. Because drastic water-quality changes occur between zones, it is essential that the water from each sand be analyzed during a test- drilling operation to make certain that it is of acceptable quality.

Poor-quality ground water occurs in the vicinity of the city of Henderson. The withdrawal of 2.05 Mgal/d (7,760 m 3/d) of ground water from the Wilcox dur ing 1980 created a cone of depression into which the poor-quality water could migrate.

Ground water has been contaminated by oilfield brine at Henderson field. In addition, oilfield brine has contaminated Bowles Creek and Beaver Run Creek in two separate instances.

-59-

SELECTED REFERENCES

American Public Health Association and others, 1975, Standard methods for the examination of water and wastewater (14th ed.): Washington, D.C., Ameri can Public Health Association, 1193 p.

Baker, B. B., Dillard, J. W., Souders, V. L., and Peckham, R. C., 1963, Recon naissance investigation of the ground-water resources of the Sabine River basin, Texas: Texas Water Commission Bulletin 6307, 63 p.

Baker, B. B., Peckham, R. C., Dillard, J. W., and Souders, V. L., 1963, Recon naissance investigation of the ground-water resources of the Neches River basin, Texas: Texas Water Commission Bulletin 6308, 67 p.

Broadhurst, W. L., 1945, Records of wells, drillers' logs, water analyses, and map showing locations of wells in Gregg County, Texas: Texas Board of Water Engineers report, 35 p.

Broom, M. E., 1969, Ground-water resources of Gregg and Upshur Counties, Texas: Texas Water Development Board Report 101, 83 p.

Brune, Gunnar, 1981, Springs of Texas, volume 1: Fort Worth, Branch-Smith, Inc., 566 p.

Burnitt, S. C., 1963, Henderson Oil Field area, Rusk County, Texas; Investiga tion of ground-water contamination: Texas Water Commission report, 13 p.

California State Water Quality Control Board, 1963, Water-quality criteria: California State Water Quality Control Board Publication 3-A.

Coll ins, E. W., Hobday, D. K., and Kreitler, C. W., 1980, Quaternary faulting in East Texas: University of Texas, Bureau of Economic Geology Geological Circular 80-1, 30 p.

Cooper, H. H., and Jacob, C. E., 1946, A generalized graphical method for eval uating formation constants and summarizing well-field history: American Geophysical Union Transactions, v. 27, no. IV, p. 526-534.

Dean, H. T., and others, 1941, Domestic water and dental caries: Public Health Report, v. 56, p. 761-792.

Deussen, Alexander, 1914, Geology and underground waters of the southeastern part of the Texas Coastal Plain: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Supply Paper 335, 365 p.

Dillard, J. W., 1963, Availability and quality of ground water in Smith County, Texas: Texas Water Commission Bulletin 6302, 116 p.

Dougherty, J. P., 1975, Evaporation data in Texas: Texas Department of Water Resources report, 237 p.

East Texas Salt Water Disposal Company, 1958, Salt-water disposal, East Texas Oil Field: 131 p.

Eaton, R. R., 1956, Resume of subsurface geology of northeast Texas with empha sis on salt structures: Transactions of the Gulf Coast Geological Socie ties, p. 79-84.

Fenneman, N. M., 1939, Physiography of eastern United States: New York, McGraw- Hill, 714 p.

Ferris, J. G., Knowles, D. B., Brown, R. H., and Stallman, R. W., 1962, Theory of aquifer tests: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Supply Paper 1536-E, 173 p.

Fisher, W. L., 1965, Rock and mineral resources of east Texas: University of Texas, Bureau of Economic Geology Report of Investigations 54, 439 p.

Fisher, W. L., and McGowen, J. H., 1967, Depositional systems in the Wilcox Group of Texas and their relationship to occurrence of oil and gas: Gulf Coast Association of Geological Societies, Transactions of 17th annual meeting, p. 105-125.

-60-

Follett, C. R., 1943, Records of wells, drillers' logs, water analyses, and map showing locations of wells in Rusk County, Texas: Texas Board of Water Engineers, 56 p.

W. F. Guyton and Associates, 1970, Ground-water conditions in Angelina and Nacogdoches Counties, Texas: Texas Water Development Board Report 110, 167 p.

___ 1972, Ground-water conditions in Anderson, Cherokee, Freestone, and Hen- derson Counties, Texas: Texas Water Development Board Report 150, 335 p.

Hem, J. D., 1959, Study and interpretation of the chemical characteristics of natural water: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Supply Paper 1473, 269 p.

____ 1970, Study and interpretation of the chemical characteristics of natu ral water: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Supply Paper 1473, 363 p.

Henry, Christopher, Basciano, J. M., and Duex, T. W., 1980, Hydrology and water quality of the Eocene Wilcox Group; Significance for lignite development in East Texas: University of Texas, Bureau of Economic Geology, 9 p.

Hughes, L. S., and Leifeste, D. L., 1967, Reconnaissance of the chemical quality of surface waters of the Neches River basin, Texas: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Supply Paper 1839-A, 63 p.

Jones, P. H., Stevens, P. R., Wesselman, J. B., and Wallace, R. H., Jr., 1976, Regional appraisal of the Wilcox Group in Texas for subsurface storage of fluid wastes: Part I - Geology: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 76-394, 107 p.

Kaiser, W. R., Ayers, W. B., Jr., and La Brie, L. W., 1980, Lignite resources in Texas: University of Texas, Bureau of Economic Geology and Texas Energy and National Resources Advisory Council Report of Investigations No. 104, 52 p.

Kane, J. W., 1967, Monthly resevoir evaporation rates for Texas, 1940 through 1965: Texas Water Develpoment Board Report 64, 111 p.

Kreitler, C. W., and others, 1980, Geology and geohydrology of the East Texas basin: University of Texas, Bureau of Economic Geology Geological Circu lar 80-12, 112 p.

Lockhart, E. E., Tucker, C. L., and Merritt, M. C., 1955, The effect of water impurities on the flavor of brewed coffee: Food Research 20, 598 p.

Lyle, W. M., 1937, Records of wells, drillers' logs, water analyses, and map showing location of wells in Rusk County, Texas: Texas Board of Water Engineers report, 87 p.

Maxcy, K. F., 1950, Report on the relation of nitrate concentrations in well waters to the occurrence of methemoglobinemia: National Research Council Bulletin, Sanitary Engineering, App. D, p. 265-271.

McKee, J. E., and Wolf, H. V,'., 1963, Water quality criteria (2d ed.): Califor nia State Water Quality Board Publication No. 3-A, 548 p.

Meinzer, 0. E., and Wenzel, L. K., 1942, Movement of ground water and its rela tion to head, permeability and storage, in physics of the earth, Part 9, Hydrology: New York, McGraw-Hill, p. 444-478.

Morton, R. B., 1981, Effects of petroleum associated brine on the water resources of the Vamoosa-Ada aquifer, east-central Oklahoma: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 81, 60 p.

National Academy of Sciences, National Academy of Engineering, 1973 [1974], Water quality criteria, 1972: Washington, D.C., Report of the Committee on Water Quality Criteria, 594 p.

National Technical Advisory Committee to the Secretary of the Interior, 1968, Water quality criteria: U.S. Government Printing Office, 234 p.

-61-

Nichols, P. H., 1964, The remaining frontiers for exploration in northeast Texas: Transactions of the Gulf Coast Association of Petroleum Geologists, v. 14, p. 7-22.

Railroad Commission of Texas, 1952, Saltwater injection in the East Texas Field in A survey of secondary recovery and pressure maintenance operations in Texas to 1952: Engineering Department, p. 91-96.

___ 1981, A survey of secondary and enhanced recovery operations to 1980: Bulletin 80, 544 p.

___ 1981, Oil and gas annual production by active fields, 1980: Oil and Gas Division, 666 p.

Sellards, E. H., Adkins, W. S., and Plummer, F. B., 1932, The geology of Texas, Volume 1, Stratigraphy: University of Texas, Bureau of Economic Geology Bulletin 3232, 1007 p.

Sellards, E. H., and Hendricks, L., 1946, Structural map of Texas, third edi tion: University of Texas, Bureau of Economic Geology.

Stenzel, H. B., 1953, The geology of Henrys Chapel quadrangle, northeastern Cherokee County, Texas: University of Texas, Bureau of Economic Geology Publication 5305;

Sundstrom, R. W, Hastings, W. W., and Broadhurst, W. L., 1948, Public water supplies in eastern Texas: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Supply Paper 1047, 285 p.

Swenson, H. A., and Baldwin, H. L., 1965, A primer on water quality: Washing ton, D.C., U.S. Government Printing Office, 27 p.

Texas Water Commission and Texas Water Pollution Control Board, 1963, A statis tical analysis of data on oil-field brine production and disposal in Texas for the year 1961, from an inventory conducted by the Railroad Commission of Texas: Railroad Commission of Texas Distribution 6, v. 1, 327 p.

Theis, C. V., 1935, The relation between the lowering of the piezometric surface and the rate and duration of discharge of a well using ground-water storage: American Geophysical Union, Transactions of 16th annual meeting, pt. 2, p. 519-524.

Turner, S. F., 1932, Ground-water conditions in East Texas Oil Field: U.S. Geological Survey open-file report, 18 p.

U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of Census, 1980, United States census of population, 1980; characteristics of the population, Texas: v. 1, pt. 45.

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 1976, National interim primary drinking water regulations: Office of Water Supply, EPA-570/9-76-003, 159 p.

___ 1977a, Quality criteria for water, 1976: U.S. Government Printing Office, 256 p.

___ 1977b, National secondary drinking water regulations: Federal Register, v. 42, no. 62, pt. I, p. 17143-17147. 1979, National secondary drinking water regulations: Federal Register,

v. 44, no. 140, p. 42196-42202.U.S. Public Health Service, 1962, Public Health Service drinking-water stan

dards: Public Health Service Publication 956, 61 p.U.S. Salinity Laboratory Staff, 1954, Diagnosis and improvement of saline and

alkaline soils: U.S. Department of Agriculture Handbook 60, 160 p.University of Texas, Bureau of Economic Geology, 1965, Geologic atlas of Texas,

Tyler sheet: Austin, Texas.___ 1968, Geologic atlas of Texas, Palestine sheet: Austin, Texas.von Hake, C. A., 1977, Earthquake history of Texas: U.S. Geological Survey

Earthquake Information Bulletin, v. 9, no. 3, p. 30-32.

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Wenzel, L. K., 1942, Methods for determining permeability of water-bearing material with special reference to discharging-well methods: U.S. Geo logical Survey Water-Supply Paper 887, 192 p.

Wilcox, L. V., 1955, Classification and use of irrigation waters: U.S. Depart ment of Agriculture Circular 969, 19 p.

Wilcox, L. V., Blair, G. Y., and Bower, C. A., 1954, Effect of bicarbonate on suitability of water for irrigation: Soil Science, v. 77, no. 4, p. 259- 266.

Winslow, A. G., and Kister, L. R., Jr., 1956, Saline water resources of Texas: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Supply Paper 1365, 105 p.

-63-

SUPPLEMENTAL INFORMATION

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arks

lift

w

ate

r

N u

SE

.0.7

5 D

N u

N u

yTE

P

Scr

eene

d 34

0-44

0 fe

et.

Rep

orte

d dr

aw

dow

n 72

fe

et

aft

er

pum

ping

300

ga

l/m1n

for

24 h

ours

whe

n d

rille

d fo

r G

ulf

Oil

Co.

as

M

. E.

P

eter

son

No.

3.

1

/2/

Oil

test

used

In

cr

oss

sect

ion 3

/

TE

U S

cree

ned

397-

446

feet.

N U

I/

N U

Scr

eene

d 37

8-44

5,

740-

762,

an

d 77

5-79

7fe

et.

R

epor

ted

draw

dow

n 97

fe

et

after

pum

ping

293

gal/nin

whe

n drilled.

Drille

d to

1,

009

feet,

plug

ged

back

to

862

fee

t, y

Scr

eene

d 31

9-34

2,

385-

407,

42

9-45

2,73

0-75

2,

and

841-

872

feet;

unde

rrea

med

and

gra

vel

pack

ed.

Rep

orte

d dr

awdo

wn

96 f

eet

aft

er

pum

ping

18

2 g

al/m

in

whe

ndrilled, y

N U

y

TE.1

5 U

Scr

eene

d 16

9-20

5,

215-

227,

an

d 38

2-44

7fe

et.

Rep

orte

d dr

awdo

wn

118

fee

t after

pum

ping

60

gal/m

in

whe

n drilled.

3/4

/

TE.2

5 P

Scr

eene

d 79

6-83

1 fe

et.

1

/3/

U S

cree

ned

374-

404,

41

4-42

4,

434-

454,

an

d48

9-53

0 fe

et.

R

epor

ted

draw

dow

n 46

feel

504

Exxo

n (H

umbl

e)

Am

er-

do.

lean

G

as

Pla

nt

No.

3

1950

86

4 12

3/

4 69

1 Tw

i 7

864

505

Gu

lf P

ipelin

e

Co.

B

enso

n D

rilli

ng

Co.

19

31

1,03

3 8

693

Twi

5 3/

16

1,03

2

after

pum

ping

22

9 gal/m

in fo

r 24

hou

rs

whe

n d

rille

d fo

r G

ulf

Oil

Co.

as

N

o.

3 C

. M

. Je

rnlg

an.

3/

418

244

2-15

-50

N U

Scr

eene

d 69

6-70

1,

716-

731,

75

1-79

7,

and

823-

852

fee

t.

Rep

orte

d dr

awdo

wn

101

feet

after

pum

ping

225

gal/m

in fo

r 24

ho

urs

whe

n drilled.

3/

420

....

N U

Scr

eene

d 89

5-1,

032

fee

t.

1/2

/

See

foo

tno

tes

at

end

of

table

.

Tab

le 1

. R

eco

rds

of

wells

, sp

rings

, an

d te

st h

oles

in R

usk

Cou

nty

and

adja

cent

are

as

Contin

ued

Wel

l

WR

-35-

41-5

06 507

508

509

510

601

602

603

702

703

704

705

706

707

708

802

803

Ow

ner

or

nam

e

Exx

on

(Hum

ble)

H.

Sex

ton

A-1

8

Bro

ck

Oil

Co.

Mur

phy

& R

obert

s

Rus

k C

o.

Hig

hway

R.O

.W.

Shell

Oil

Co.

W.

P.

Moo

re

W.

P.

Moo

re

Maria

Red

ic

TYO

PCO

In

c.

Har

vey

Un

it

No.

1

TYO

PCO

In

c.

Har

vey

Un

it

No.

2

City of

Ove

rto

nN

o.

4

City of

Ove

rto

nN

o.

3

Gu

lf O

il G

as

Pla

nt

T.

B.

Cas

hen

No.

3

City of

Ove

rto

nN

o.

1

A.

0.

Alford

Ove

rton

Ic

e

Co.

Mis

souri

Pa

cific

Ra

ilro

ad

Exx

on

(Hum

ble)

Ne

wLo

ndon

G

as

Pla

nt

No.

1

Exx

on

(Hum

ble)

N

ewLo

ndon

G

as

Pla

nt

No.

2

Drille

r

Pa

tte

rso

n

Wor

ks

Pro

gre

ssA

dmin

.

Layn

e-T

exas

C

o.

Alie

n

Lum

ber

Co.

Gib

son

Drillin

g

Co.

SW

Equ

ipm

ent

Co.

Layn

e-T

exas

C

o.

do.

do do Cla

y R

anki

n

J.

W.

Cud

e

Pom

eroy

D

rillin

gC

o.

Fre

d F

ield

er

Layn

e-T

exas

C

o.

Dat

e co

m

ple

ted

1950

1930

1936

1931

1969

1962

1967

1947

1941

1937

1931

1932

1932

1931

1936

1940

Dep

th

of

we

ll (f

ee

t)

3,8

41

900 31 369 33 90 463

648

327

340

328

889 20

360

771

517

562

Ca

sin

gD

i am

eter

(in

che

s)

_

7

12

1/2

36 30 __ 16 18 10

3/4

20 10 3

/4

16 8 5/8

10 -- 10 8 6 6 5/8

6 10 13 3

/88

5/8

7

Dep

th

(fe

et)

_ _

900 269 33 90 463

648

222

327

219

340

265

327

887 -- 50 296

360

705

770

517

426

452

562

Wat

er

be

ar

in

g

un

it

_^ Twi

Tr

Tew

Tr

Tc Twi

Twi

Twi

Tew

Tc Twi

Tq Tew

Twi

Twi

Twi

Altitude

of

land

surf

ace

(f

eet)

503 420

440

440

395

395

505

498

512

489

480

498

518

520

530

Wat

erA

bove

(+

) o

r be

low

la

nd

surf

ace

(f

eet)

14

4.8

26 50 53.1

13

.51

2.9

71

.469.4

157.0

127.

1

135

158

186.

7

179

14

8.8

141.4

9

145.

7149.5

__ __

307

31

0.8

levels

Dat

e o

f m

easu

re

men

t

10

- 8-4

1

6-1

5-3

6

1931

10-

6-41

8-2

5-3

711-2

6-4

0

9-2

1-7

23

-19

-81

7-1

6-8

1

7-1

6-8

1

6-1

4-4

7

2-

-41

5-

9-7

9

4-

3-37

3-1

9-3

611-2

6-4

1

6-1

1-3

6

11-2

5-3

111-2

6-4

0

*.

_

1940

9-2

1-7

2

Met

hod

Use

of

of

lift

wat

er

N N

N N

N N

N N

JE,1

D

JE.7

.5

WF

JE.1

0

WF

N N

TE

P

N U

N U

N U

N U

N U U

TE

.40

Ind

Rem

arks

Oil

test

use

d in

cro

ss

sect

ion.

3/

i/ Wor

ks P

rogr

ess

Adm

in,

test

hole

.

Scr

eene

d 16

5-24

7 fe

et.

Rep

orte

d dr

aw

down

65

fee

t after

pum

ping

490

gal

/min

when

drille

d.

Drille

d t

o 3

69 f

ee

t,pl

ugge

d ba

ck t

o 2

69 f

ee

t. 4/

Dug

wel

1 .

4/

Dug

well.

_l/4

/

__ __ Scr

eene

d 24

0-30

3 fe

et.

R

epor

ted

draw

do

wn 5

8 fe

et

after

pum

ping

247

gal

/min

when

drille

d.

I/

Scr

eene

d 24

7-28

8 an

d 30

9-33

0 fe

et.

Re

port

ed d

raw

dow

n 45

feet

after

pum

ping

350

gal/m

in w

hen

drille

d.

I/

Scr

eene

d 26

0-32

5 fe

et.

Rep

orte

dly

pum

ped

220

gal/m

in w

hen

drille

d.

Scr

eene

d 24

7-26

8,

283-

328,

48

4-50

5,

and

841-

863

fee

t. J

./4/

Dug

wel

1 .

J./4

/

Com

plet

ed i

n

sand

705

-770

fe

et.

1

/2/

Scr

eene

d 41

4-50

3 fe

et.

Rep

orte

dly

pum

ped

90 g

al/m

in w

hen

drille

d.

R.E

.L.

Silv

ey

"A"

leas

e.

Scr

eene

d 45

2-53

5 fe

et.

Rep

orte

d dr

aw

down

80

feet

after

pum

ping

82

gal/m

in

when

drille

d.

R.E

.L.

Silv

ey

"A"

leas

e.M

easu

red

tem

pera

ture

39°

C 9

-21-

72.

Drille

d t

o 5

99 f

ee

t;

plug

ged

back

to

56

2 fe

et.

I/

See

foot

note

s at

end

of

tab

le.

Tab

le

1.--

Rec

ords

of

v/

ells

, sp

rings,

an

o te

st

hole

s in

R

usk

Cou

nty

and

adja

cent

are

as

Co

ntin

ue

d

Wel

l O

wne

r D

rille

ror

nam

e

WR

-35-

41-8

04

Exx

on

(Hum

ble)

Ne

w La

yne-

Tex

as

Co.

Lond

on

Gas

P

lan

tN

o.

3

807

City

o

f O

vert

on

do.

No.

6

808

City o

f Ne

w Lo

ndon

do

.N

o.

2

Dat

e D

epth

com

- o

fpi

ete

d w

el 1

(fe

et)

1952

55

2

1968

81

5

1963

59

1

Cas

ing

Dia

met

er(inch

es)

20 10

3/4

14 8 5/

8

16 10

3/4

Dep

th(f

ee

t)

406

552

740

815

430

591

Wat

erbe

ar

ing

un

it

Twi

Twi

Twi

Altitu

de

of

land

surf

ace

(feet)

525

498

546

Wat

erA

bove

(+

)o

r be

low

land

surf

ace

(fe

et)

384

281

288

323

334.

233

2.2

leve

lsD

ate

of

mea

sure

m

ent

9-

9-52

5-22

-68

5-

9-79

.

6-15

-63

5-

8-79

3-19

-81

Met

hod

Use

of

of

Rem

arks

lift

wat

er

TE.7

5 In

d S

cree

ned

406-

540

feet.

Rep

orte

d dr

aw

dow

n 86

feet

aft

er

pum

ping

215

ga

l/mi n

for

24 h

ours

whe

n drilled.

Hig

hly

min

e

raliz

ed

wat

er r

ep

ort

ed

at

220-

280

feet.

Drille

d to

650

fe

et;

pl

ugge

d ba

ck to

552

feet. _

l/3_/

TE.5

0 P

Scr

eene

d 74

5-75

0 an

d 76

0-80

0 fe

et.

R

ep

ort

ed

dr

awdo

wn

127

feet

aft

er

pum

ping

285

gal/m

in fo

r 24

hou

rs

whe

n drilled.

Drille

d to

90

8 fe

et;

plug

ged

back

to

815

fee

t. _

l/3_/

TE.1

00

P S

cree

ned

436-

446,

46

8-48

2,

490-

516,

an

d53

4-58

3 fe

et.

Rep

orte

d dr

awdo

wn

107

feet

aft

er

pum

ping

402

gal/m

in fo

r 24

809

City

of

Ove

rton

810

Exx

on

IB

Holt

901

City o

f Ne

w Lo

ndon

N

o.

1

902

Rom

ie H

olt

903

J.

W.

McD

avis

904

W.

J.

H.

Cla

mp

42-2

02

Cro

ssro

ads

Wat

er

Sup

ply

Cor

p.

301

New

Hop

e S

choo

l

302

New

Hop

e C

hurc

h

303

Rus

k C

o.

Hig

hway

R

.O.W

.

do.

do.

1980

805

14

710

Twi

500

333

8 5/8

805

1931

317

10

317

Tc

490

194.

0

1-3

1-8

0

TE

.60

10-1

7-41

hour

s w

hen

drille

d.

Orig

ina

lly d

rille

d

for

Whi

te

Oak

Wat

er

Sup

ply

Cor

p.

Drille

d to

653

fe

et;

plug

ged

back

to

59

1 fe

et.

1/3

/

Scr

eene

d 71

8-78

9 fe

et;

gra

vel

pack

ed

and

unde

rrea

med

. R

epor

ted

draw

dow

n 14

0 fe

et

aft

er

pum

ping

300

gal/m

in fo

r 24

h

ou

rs.

Drille

d to

900

fe

et;

pl

ugge

d ba

ck to

805

fe

et.

1

/2/3

/

Scr

eene

d 23

5-31

5 fe

et.

Rep

orte

d dr

aw

down

28

fe

et

aft

er

pum

ping

55

0 g

al/m

in

whe

n d

rille

d.

Rep

orte

d pu

mpe

d ab

out

0.07

5 M

gal/d

d

urin

g

1931

-34.

do.

-- -- ~ __ ~ -- Wor

ks

Pro

gres

sAd

mi n

.

1949

1934

1927

1900

1966

~ 1935

1936

657 39 12 25 750 18 22 16

20 10

3/4

- 30 -- 8 5/

84

1/2

32 36

417

655 39 12 25 580

620 18 22

Twi

Tr

Tr

Tr

Twi

Tr

Tr

Tr

482

460

470

452

428

398

397

382

285

294.

230

1.6

16.7

6.7

15.0

157.

715

9.5

158.

6

17.5

18.5

13.9

12-2

1-49

5-

8-79

3-18

-81

6-

2-36

6-

4-36

6-

4-36

10-

1-76

12-

7-76

12-1

6-77

3-

4-81

12-

3-36

6-22

-36

TE.5

0

N N N TE N N N

P U U U P U U U

Scr

eene

d 427-4

41,

461-4

71,

521-5

57,

and

578-

642

feet.

Re

po

rte

d

draw

dow

n 97

feet

after

pum

ping

50

0 g

al/m

in

for

24ho

urs

whe

n d

rille

d.

Origin

ally

d

rille

dfo

r H

umbl

e O

il an

d R

efin

ing a

s Jo

eW

illia

ms

No.

3.

\J

ZJ

Dug

wel

1 .

Dug

well

.

Dug

wel

1 .

J. /

Scr

eene

d 57

8-62

0 fe

et;

fo

r st

andb

y us

eo

nly

. R

epor

ted

pum

ping

le

vel

294

fee

tw

hen

drille

d.

Drille

d to

75

0 fe

et;

plug

ged

back

to

620

fe

et.

1

/3/

Dug

wel

1 .

Dug

we

ll.

l/5_/

Wor

ks

Pro

gres

s A

dmin

, te

st

we

ll.

1/5

/

See

foo

tno

tes

at

end

of

table

.

Table

1.--Records

of w

ells

, sp

ring

s, a

nd t

est

holes

in Ru

sk C

ount

y an

d adjacent a

reas Continued

Wel

l

WR

-35-

42-4

01 402

403

501

601

602

701

801

901

902

903

904

43-2

01

301

302

401

501

601

Ow

ner

or

nam

e

Jaco

bs

Wat

er

Sup

p

ly

Cor

p.

No.

2

J.

E.

Bic

kley

Cyr

us

Har

vey

Rus

k C

o.

Hig

hway

R.O

.W.

C.

T.

Moo

re

C.

J.

Bar

ton

Jaco

bs

Wat

er

Sup

ply

Cor

p.

No.

1

Ken

neth

S

mith

Crim

s C

hape

l W

ater

Sup

ply

Cor

p.

No.

1

Crim

s C

hape

l W

ater

Sup

ply

Cor

p.

No.

2

Fal

vey

Wa

ller

J.

H.

Free

man

Eld

erv

ille

Wat

erS

uppl

y C

orp.

Na

tion

al

Wea

ther

Se

rvic

e

Otis

W

isho

n

J.

G.

Hea

rn

R.

C.

Walli

ng

Fra

nci

s W

heel

er

Drille

r

Layn

e-T

exas

C

o.

~ - Mid

Co

ntin

en

tP

etro

leum

Co.

Layn

e-T

exas

C

o.

Alie

n

Lum

ber

Co.

Triangle

Pu

mp

&S

uppl

y C

o.

Lanf

ord

Drilli

ng

Co.

Moy

er

C.

C.

Innera

rity

Whi

te D

rilli

ng

Co.

Fry

e D

rilli

ng

C

o.

J.

G.

Hea

rn

How

eth

Wat

er W

ell

Serv

ice

Alie

n

Lum

ber

Co.

Dat

e co

m

ple

ted

1965

- - 1936

1921

1916

1965

1969

1965

1977

1962

1918

1967

1975

1979

1912

1972

1970

Dep

th

of

well

(feet)

552 24 21 55 31 30 799 67 402

610 25 36 565

115 25 20 220 54

Cas

ing

Dia

met

er

(inch

es)

8 5/

84

1/2

36 - 36 - 8 5/

84

1/2

36 8 5/

84

1/2

8 5/

84

1/2

30 - 10 7 4 - - 4 30

Dep

th

(fe

et)

521

552 24 - 55 31 30 583

675 67 358

402

560

610 25 36 441

556

115 - 211 54

Wat

er

bear

in

g

un

it

Twi

Tc Tr

Tc Tr

Tc Twi

Tc Twi

Twi

Tc Tc Twi

Tc Tc Tc Twi

Tc

Altitu

de

o

f la

nd

surf

ace

(f

eet)

420

422

480

322

380

422

432

440

432

442

398

40D

320

401

320

380

398

400

Wat

erA

bove

(+

) o

r be

low

la

nd

surf

ace

(f

ee

t)

188.

519

7.4

22.1

17.6

F 19.6

20.7

210 62

.360

.7

146

209.

7

195

222.

2

15.7

28.5

69.5

80 21.8

10.4

54.2

56.1

49.8

47.0

leve

ls Dat

e o

f m

easu

re

men

t

6-

-65

5-

9-79

11-2

7-36

11-2

7-36

12-

4-36

12-

3-36

6-19

-36

2-15

-65

9-21

-72

3-19

-81

11-2

9-65

5-

2-79

7-

1-77

5-

2-79

3-24

-81

6-19

-36

3-

3-81

1-21

-75

7-12

-79

6-19

-36

10-

1-76

3-

3-81

9-26

-72

3-

3-81

Met

hod

Use

of

of

lift

w

ater

SE

P

N U

N U

N U

N U

N U

JE

D

SE

.10

P

SE

P

SE

Irr

N U

TE.2

0 P

SE

C

JE

D

N U

SE

.3

D

JE

D

Rem

arks

Scr

eene

d 52

7-54

7 fe

et.

R

epor

ted

draw

do

wn

54 f

ee

t a

fte

r pu

mpi

ng

100

gal/m

info

r 24

hou

rs

whe

n drilled.

Drille

d

to61

4 fe

et;

plug

ged

back

to

552

feet. _

l/2/3

/

Dug

wel

1 .

5_/

Do.

Do.

Do.

Do.

Scr

eene

d 59

2-60

2,

612-

640,

an

d 65

1-66

1fe

et.

Rep

orte

d dr

awdo

wn

187

feet

after

pum

ping

48

gal/m

in fo

r 52

hou

rs

whe

ndrilled.

Wat

er q

ua

lity u

na

cce

pta

ble

,w

ell

capp

ed o

ff.

Drille

d to

799

fe

et;

plug

ged

back

to

675

feet.

1/3

/

l/4_/

Scr

eene

d 36

0-40

2 fe

et.

Rep

orte

d dr

aw

dow

n 14

2 fe

et

aft

er

pum

ping

75

gal/m

info

r 24

hou

rs

whe

n d

rille

d.

1/3

/

Scr

eene

d 56

0-61

0 fe

et.

Rep

orte

d dr

aw

down

11

3 fe

et

aft

er

pum

ping

10

0 gal/m

info

r 24

hou

rs

whe

n drilled.

Dug

wel

1 .

Do.

Scr

eene

d 44

1-45

1 an

d 46

0-55

6 fe

et.

Rep

orte

d dr

awdo

wn

25 f

ee

t a

fte

r pu

mpi

ng16

0 gal/m

in fo

r 23

hou

rs

whe

n drilled.

For

st

andb

y us

e only

. D

rille

d

to

595

fee

t;

plug

ged

back

to

565

fe

et.

3/

Scr

eene

d 10

5-11

5 fe

et.

Dug

well.

I/

Dug

wel

1 .

S/

Scr

eene

d 17

9-21

1 fe

et.

1/2

/4/

!/4

_/

See

foot

note

s at e

nd o

f table.

Table

l.--

Rcco

ros

of

wells

, sp

rin

gs,

and

test

hole

s In

R

usk

Cou

nty

and

adja

cent

are

as C

ontinued

Well

Ow

ner

Drille

r or

nam

e

WR

-35-

43-6

02

Gle

nn

W.

Rog

ers

Newm

an

701

Millv

ille

B

ap

tist

Chu

rch

702

do.

How

eth

Wat

er

Wel

l S

erv

ice

801

John

M

on

lie

901

Eliz

ab

eth

S

trozie

r

44

-10

1

Boy

S

couts

o

f La

yne-

Tex

as

Co.

A

me

rica

, Ca

mp

Ken

nedy

302

McN

augh

ton

401

Gre

er

& Sn

ow

(Ma

yflo

we

r S

chool)

402

Jam

es

M.

Forg

ots

on

White

D

rillin

g

Co.

403

C.

E.

Will

iam

s,

A.

J.

Will

iam

s

404

Tip

co

Cra

ne U

nit

501

Cry

sta

l Fa

rms

Wat

er

Fry

e D

rillin

g

Co.

S

up

ply

C

orp

.

502

Hopki

ns

S T

ate

C

. 0.

Tex

aco

Ch

ristia

n

No.

1

503

C.

L.

Coo

k

601

City of

Tat

um

No.

1

Layn

e-T

exas

C

o.

604

I.

F.

Yor

k E

st.

605

Gra

nvill

e

Ner

o

701

Dirg

in

Wat

er

Supply

C

orp

.

702

Tom

Man

n To

m M

ann

801

Tex

as U

tilitie

s

Ser-

La

yne-

Tex

as

Co.

vic

es,

Inc.,

No.

1

Dat

e co

m-

pl e

ted

1950

1955

1965

~ 1933

1947

1935

~ 1971

-- 1960

1968

1943

1938

1930

-- 1966

1932

1973

Dep

th

of

well

(feet)

475 50 105 14 73 421 43 ~ 295 21 400

418

7,11

0 31

438 22 17

555 26 715

Casi

ng

Di a

met

er

(in

che

s)

4

2 36

6 5/8

4

1/2

- ~

4 -- -- 7 2 1

/2

10

3/4

5

1/2

~ -- 36 14 8

5/8

Dep

th

(feet)

475 50 105 14 73 343

421 -- 295 -- --

369

406 ~

387

438 -- -- 26 530

715

Wat

er

be

ar

in

g

unit

Twi

Tc Twi

Tr

Tc Twi

Tc Twi

Twi

Tc Twi

Twi

Twi

Twi

Twi

Twi

Twi

Tc Twi

Altitu

de

of

land

surf

ace

(f

eet)

440

475

475

480

460

343

360

354

360

405

370

360

370

380

305

335

330

375

385

321

Wat

erA

bove

(+

) o

r be

low

la

nd

surf

ace

(f

eet)

131.

0

19.6

59.1

10.1

70.2

70

88.2

36.9

94

.0

91.1

100 81

.7

16.4

~ 13

1.5

levels

Dat

e of

mea

sure

m

ent

4-2

3-8

1

4-2

3-8

1

4-2

3-8

1

11-

5-36

11-

4-36

5-3

0-4

7

6-

7-79

1-1

2-3

7

9-2

6-7

2

2-1

2-7

5

10-1

2-7

1

6-

5-79

11-3

0-3

6

--

5-

3-79

Met

hod

of

lift

SE N N N N N N TE

.5

N N TE

.20

SE

.3

Use

O

fw

ate

r

D U U U U U U Ind

U U WF P

Rem

arks

Scr

eene

d 45

5-47

5 fe

et

Dug

w

el 1

.

Dug

. w

ell

.

-- Scr

eene

d 36

1-39

1 fe

et

1/2

/

Dug

w

el 1

. Ca

mp

aban

done

d.

Origin

ally

su

pp

lied

w

ate

r fo

r M

ayf

low

er

Sch

ool

. J./

4/

Cas

ing

slo

tted

228-

295

fee

t.

4/

Dug

w

ell.

5

/

Scr

eene

d 360-4

00 fe

et

Scr

eene

d 36

4-38

4 an

d39

1-40

6 fe

et.

J./2

./

Oil

test

used

in

cr

oss

section.

3/

32.1

39

93 20.8

16

.8

12

3.4

21

.3

65

.10

10

8

12-

2-36

3-

4-3

9

5-1

7-7

9

11

- 5-

36

10-2

9-3

6

4-

2-81

1-1

4-3

7

8-

6-7

3

5-1

7-7

9

N TE

.10

N N SE

.10

N TE

U P U U P U Ind

Dug

w

ell.

\j

Scr

eene

d 38

7-42

8 fe

et.

Report

ed

dra

w

dow

n 82

fe

et

after

pum

ping

14

0 gal/m

in

whe

n d

rille

d.

J./

4/

Dug

wel

1 .

Do.

I/I/

Dug

w

ell.

Scr

eene

d 54

0-59

0 an

d R

eport

ed

draw

dow

n 50

645-6

95 fe

et,

fee

t after

pum

ping

Mart

in

Lake

P

lant

See

fo

otn

ote

s a

t en

d of

table

.

406

gal/m

in fo

r 12

h

ou

rs

whe

n d

rille

d.

Drille

d

to

739

fee

t;

plu

gg

ed

ba

ck to

71

5 fe

et.

1

/2/3

/

Tab

le

1.-

-Re

cord

s o

f w

ells

, sp

rings,

an

d te

st

hole

s in

R

usk

Cou

nty

and

adja

cent

are

as

Co

ntin

ue

d

Wel

l

WR

-35-

44-8

02 803

49-1

01 102

103

201

202

203

204

205

206

Ow

ner

Drille

r o

r na

me

Texa

s U

tilitie

s

Ser

- La

yne-

Tex

as

Co.

vice

s,

Inc.,

No.

2

Ma

rtin

La

ke

Pla

nt

Har

mon

y H

ill

Cem

e-

Be

ll W

ater

Wel

lta

ry A

ssoc

. S

ervi

ce

E.

F.

Whe

eler

I.

R.

Thr

ash

V.

and

E.

Thr

ash

D.

C.

Join

er

Wes

t R

usk

Hig

h La

yne-

Texa

s C

o.S

choo

l (N

ew L

ondo

nS

choo

l )

Je

ffre

y

She

ppar

d do

.

Exxo

n (H

umbl

e)

No.

do

.4

Ida

Holt

"B"

leas

e

Exxo

n (H

umbl

e)

No.

do

.5

Ida

Ho

lt "B

" le

ase

Tid

e W

ater

A

ssoc

. L.

W

. L

ittle

No.

1

L.J

. P

inks

ton

"A"

leas

e

Citie

s S

erv

ice

Co.

La

yne-

Tex

as

Co.

Wat

er W

SW

No.

1

Dat

e co

m

ple

ted

1975

1964

-- 1933

1922

1937

1947

1939

1944

1931

1978

Dep

th

of

we

ll (f

eet)

449

202 21 18 29 538

500

592

611

738

940

Cas

ing

Dia

met

er

(inch

es)

14 8 5/

6

2 30 24 - 13

3/8

7 7 5 24 13 12

3/4

16 10

3/4

8 1/

47 8

5/8

4 1/

2

Dep

th

(feet)

290

449

202 21 18 29 456

538

426

500

438

446

582

415

611 13 738

85D

940

Wat

er

bear

in

g unit

Twi

Twi

Tr

Tq Tr

Twi

Twi

Twi

Twi

Tw1

Twi

Altitu

de

o

f la

nd

surf

ace

(f

eet)

387

370

510

450

470

552

530

538

551

570

495

Wat

erA

bove

(+

) o

r be

low

la

nd

surf

ace

(f

ee

t)

120.

010

9.4

127.

5

98 14.5

11.7

17.4

220

294

308

301

319.

5

250

leve

lsD

ate

of

mea

sure

m

ent

8-25

-75

5-17

-79

4-21

-81

5-30

-64

6-11

-36

6-11

-36

"

6-11

-36

10-

4-37

8-14

-42

11-2

7-47

6-

9-39

3-19

-81

7-31

-78

Met

hod

Use

o

f of

lift

w

ater

TE

Ind

SE

.1.5

Ir

r

N U

N U

N U

TE.2

5 P

N U

N U

N U

N U

SE

Ind

Rem

arks

Scr

eene

d 30

0-44

2 fe

et.

R

epor

ted

draw

do

wn

69 f

ee

t a

fte

r pu

mpi

ng 4

01 gal/m

info

r 24

hou

rs w

hen

drilled.

Drille

d to

833

feet;

plug

ged

back

to

449

fe

et. J

73

/

Scr

eene

d 18

4-20

0 fe

et.

Dug

well.

J./

5/

Dug

we

ll.

S/

Dug

we

ll. J

./5

/

Scr

eene

d 45

6-57

6 fe

et.

R

epor

ted

draw

do

wn

80 f

ee

t after

pum

ping

72

gal

/m1n

whe

n drilled.

I/

Scr

eene

d 42

5-46

0 an

d 48

0-49

5 fe

et.

Report

edly

pu

mpe

d 15

gal/m

in

whe

ndrilled.

Drille

d fo

r Ne

w Lo

ndon

W

ater

Sup

ply

Cor

p.

Drille

d to

610

feet;

plug

ged

back

to

500

fe

et.

3

/

Scr

eene

d 44

7-57

8 fe

et.

R

epor

ted

draw

do

wn

79 f

ee

t a

fte

r pu

mpi

ng 3

85 gal/m

inw

hen

drilled.

I/

Scr

eene

d 41

5-60

8 fe

et.

Rep

orte

d pu

mp

ing

leve

l 40

0 fe

et

after

pum

ping

28

0ga

l/m1n

w

hen

drilled.

Scr

eene

d 50

8-70

8 fe

et.

Wel

l d

est

roye

d.

Scr

eene

d 86

0-90

0 an

d 91

4-92

6 fe

et.

Rep

orte

d dr

awdo

wn

79 fe

et

after

pum

ping

Whe

el is

le

ase

207

Exx

on

(Hum

ble)

J.

E.

Arn

old

N

o.

8

208

Ast

on

Gre

enaw

ay

J.

R.

Alford

N

o.

5

209

D.

B.

Mal

erne

e E.

B

. A

lford

301

Ple

asan

t H

ill

Wat

er

Key

Drilli

ng

C

o.

Sup

ply

Cor

p.

No.

1

1949

3,735

1932

412

6 5/8

412

Tw1

1932

880

10

Twi

8 500

7 840

4 1/2

880

1965

46D

460

Twi

484

427

495

545

62.9

165

225.

822

5.6

5-

7-40

N

1932

N

5-

8-40

5-

8-

44

SE

108

gal/m

in fo

r 20

hou

rs

whe

n drilled.

Drille

d to

1,

021

feet;

plug

ged

back

to

94

0 fe

et.

J/2

/3/

Oil

test

used

in

ge

olo

gic

se

ctio

n.

3/

Scr

eene

d 83

5-88

0 fe

et. I/

Scr

eene

d 34

6-35

6,

388-

410,

an

d 43

2-45

8 fe

et.

Drille

d to

900

fe

et;

pl

ugge

d ba

ck to

460

fe

et.

See

foo

tno

tes

at

end

of

table

.

Table

1.--Records

of w

ells

, sp

ring

s, and

test h

oles

In Ru

sk C

ount

y and ad

jace

nt areas Continued

Well

Owner

or n

ame

Dril

ler

Date

com-

Wate

r le

vels

Depth

Casing___ Water

Altitude

Above

(+)

of

Diameter

Dept

h be

ar-

of l

and

or b

elow

pl

eted

we

ll

(inches)

(feet)

ing

surf

ace

land

(feet)

unit

(feet)

surf

ace

__________________________________(feet)

Date

of

Meth

odmeasure-

ofment

1i ft

Use

of wate

rRe

mark

s

WR-35-49-302

Plea

sant

Hi 11

Water

Lanf

ord

Drilling

Supp

ly C

orp.

No

. 2

1974

303

A. M. Ru

ssel

l

304

Lee

Pool

e

401

Arco

Gas

Plant

No.

19

A.

M.

Rus

sell

Layn

e-T

exas

C

o.

402

Ark

ansa

s Fu

el

Oil

Co.

--

G

. Fe

rgus

on

403

Lone

P

ine

Oil

Co.

P

lnks

ton

501

Par

ade

Gas

olin

e La

yne-

Tex

as

Co.

P

lan

t G

iles

No.

2

502

Dan

Ke

rr

503

Par

ade

Gas

olin

e La

yne-

Tex

as

Co.

P

lan

t G

iles

No.

1

504

Bal

dwin

S

ulta

n O

il.

Co.

M

. L.

Th

omps

on

505

Ohi

o O

il C

o.

No.

2

S.

H.

Moo

re

506

Stu

art

-

Dr.

D

easo

n

507

Mille

r P

rodu

ctio

n W

alte

r M

elle

r D

. B

rad

ford

"B

"

508

Sh

ell

Oil

Co.

, In

c.

--

H.

Bro

oks

509

W.

C.

Media

n

510

Exx

on

(Hum

ble)

N

o.

Layn

e-T

exas

C

o.

1 M

&R

Kan

gerg

a "A

"

650

8 5/

8 55

0 Tw

l 4

1/2

650

510

230

5- 8

-74

SES

cree

ned

550-

590

and

630-

650

feet.

Rep

orte

d dr

awdo

wn

50 f

eet

aft

er

pum

p-

Ing

75

ga

l/min

fo

r 21

hou

rs

whe

n drilled.

Drille

d to

740

fe

et;

pl

ugge

d ba

ck to

650

feet.

Sand

be

twee

n 2D

O-

240

fee

t re

po

rte

dly

conta

ins

wa

ter

with

unusu

ally

hi

gh dis

solv

ed solid

s.

1/3

/

1935

1900

1944

1940

1947

1945

1937

1931

1931

-- 1934

1908

1931

24 36 620

400

126

444

585

466

360

284

250

355

700 18 260

-- 18

5/8

10 3

/4

-- 6 18 10 3

/4

6 20 10

3/4

8 6 5/

8

8 10 20

~ 398

620 -- 126

340

444

585

352

466

360

233

284 - 355

700 18 138

Tr

Tq Twl

Twl

Tc Twl

Twl

Twl

Twl

Tc Tc Twl

Twl

Tc Tc

460

525

380

400

395

498

455

520

475

450

485

375

465

415

482

22.6

23 100

118.

2

40.0

308

150

173.

0

228

274

180.

0

73.7

125.

5

103.

7

87

.0

10.6

101

5- 6

-36

6-

1-36

12-1

8-44

5-

7-40

5- 6

-40

8-

5-47

2-28

-59

11-3

0-78

7-30

-37

5-

1-40

10-

9-41

10-1

4-41

5- 8

-40

5-

8-40

5-

9-40

5-30

-36

1931

N -- TE.3

0

N N TE.5

0

SE TE N N N N N N N

U ~ Ind

U U Ind

S Ind

U U U U U U U

I/ I/ Scr

eene

d 40

4-48

3 an

d 55

6-61

8 fe

et.

Rep

orte

d dr

awdo

wn

75 f

ee

t after

pum

p-In

g 4

40 g

al/m

in

whe

n drilled.

Drille

dfo

r S

incla

ir P

rairie

. D

rille

d to

885

feet;

plug

ged

back

to

620

feet.

ZJ

I/ If Scr

eene

d 35

0-43

1 fe

et.

R

epor

ted

draw

do

wn

52 f

ee

t after

pum

ping

13

7 gal/m

inw

hen

drille

d.

Rep

orte

dly

pum

ped

113

gal/m

1n

on

1-14

-76.

M

ain

we

ll.

1/3 /

Pe

rfo

rate

d c

asi

ng

530-

550

feet.

Pre

vi

ousl

y us

ed a

s a

public

su

pply

we

ll.

1/4

/

Scr

eene

d 36

0-44

3 fe

et.

Rep

orte

d dr

aw

down

48

feet

after

pum

ping

92

gal/m

inw

hen

drilled.

Pum

ped

360

gal/m

in

on8-2

3-3

7,

110

gal/m

in

on

1-15

-76.

Sta

ndby

well.

D

rille

d to

600

feet;

plug

ged

back

to

406

fe

et. I/

I/ Scr

eene

d 22

3-28

4 fe

et.

5

/

I/ I/ I/ Dug

wel

1 . j./

Scr

eene

d 13

9-19

9 fe

et.

Rep

orte

d dr

aw-

12

1/2

260

dow

n 60

feet

aft

er

pum

ping

400

gal/m

in

whe

n drilled.

I/

See

footn

ote

s at

end

of

table

.

Tab

le

1.--

Rec

ords

o

f w

ells

, sp

rin

gs,

an

d te

st

hole

s in

Ru

sk

Cou

nty

and

adja

cen

t ar

eas

Co

nti

nu

ed

Wel

l

WR

-35-

49-6

01 602

603

604

605

702

801

802

803

804

805

806

807

808

Ow

ner

or

nam

e

Gas

ton

Wat

er

Sup

ply

Cor

p.

No.

1

Gas

ton

Wat

er S

uppl

yC

orp.

N

o.

2

Gas

ton

Sch

ool

John

G

lass

Gib

son

Wor

rel

No.

1

Arc

o G

as

Pla

nt

No.

21

Kin

ney

No.

2

Ca

rlis

le

Public

Sch

ool

Mar

atho

n O

il N

o.

3

Price

W

ater

Sup

ply

Cor

p.

No.

1

Price

W

ater

Sup

ply

Cor

p.

No.

2

Arc

o N

o.

1 K

inne

yWS

W

Mar

atho

n O

il C

o.N

o.

1 P

rice

WS

W

J.

E.

Str

ickl

and

Getty

W.

P.

Moo

re

Drille

r

Edi

ngto

n D

rillin

gC

o. Lanf

ord

Drillin

gC

o. Walte

r S

alle

e

Fre

d F

ield

er

~ Layn

e-T

exas

C

o.

do.

G.

L.

Cob

b

Key

Drilli

ng

C

o.

do.

Layn

e-T

exas

C

o.

Str

ata

D

rillin

g,

Inc.

Wor

ks

Pro

gres

sA

dmin

.

_

Dat

e D

epth

co

m-

of

ple

ted

we

ll (f

ee

t)

1965

78

1

1974

69

7

1938

41

5

168

1957

3,

628

1938

92

6

1940

27

5

1952

87

0

1965

40

5

1968

83

2

1978

1,

225

1980

1,

300

1936

27

1939

30

0

Cas

ing

Dia

met

er

(inch

es)

8 4 8 4 8 7 -- 18 10 13 7 4 8 4 8 4 10 6 8 4 5

5/8

5/8

1/2

5/8

3/4

3/8

1/2

5/8

5/8

3/4

5/8

5/8

1/2

Dep

th

(fe

et)

655

778

605

697

415

168 --

482

926

213

275

870

355

405

730

832

710

965

780

838 27 300

Wat

er

bear

in

g unit

Twi

Twi

Twi

Tc Twi

Tc Twi

Twi

Twi

Twi

Twi

Tc Tc

Altitu

de

o

f la

nd

surf

ace

(f

ee

t)

500

500

460

468

435

420

368

420

420

410

368

420

400

415

Wat

erA

bove

(+

) o

r be

low

la

nd

surf

ace

(f

ee

t)

236

288

226

120 50

.5

~ 133

178.

920

0.2

57 49.2

~ 270

216

144

200

222 20 80 95

.7

leve

lsD

ate

of

mea

sure

m

ent

4-29

-65

3-12

-81

1-

-75

1938

8-24

-37

--

2-28

-38

5-

3-40

6-21

-79

1-16

-41

6-

4-79

2-13

-65

9-10

-68

1-23

-78

6-21

-79

8-25

-80

5-

5-36

1939

7-15

-81

Met

hod

Use

of

of

Rem

arks

lift

w

ater

TE.1

5 P

Scr

eene

d 65

5-69

0 an

d 73

8-78

8 fe

et.

Rep

orte

d dr

awdo

wn

94 f

ee

t a

fte

r pu

mp

ing

12

0 g

al/m

in

for

24 h

ours

whe

ndrilled.

1/2

/

SE

P S

cree

ned

605-

625

and

657-

697

fee

t.R

epor

ted

draw

dow

n 10

0 fe

et

aft

er

pum

p-In

g

104

gal/m

in fo

r 24

hou

rs

whe

ndrilled.

Drille

d

to 8

22 f

eet;

plug

ged

back

to

697

feet. J

73

/

TE

U S

cree

ned

395-

415

fee

t. I/

N U

For

mer

ly

supplie

d J

oin

erv

ille.

Scr

eene

d 14

1-16

8 fe

et.

Oil

test

used

in

cr

oss

se

ctio

n.

3/

TE.6

0 In

d S

cree

ned

483-

504,

75

4-79

5,

and

811-

911

feet.

Rep

orte

d dr

awdo

wn

111

fee

t after

pum

ping

460

gal/m

in

whe

n drilled.

I/

TE.5

U

Scr

eene

d 22

5-23

7 an

d 24

1-26

0 fe

et.

Rep

orte

d dr

awdo

wn

140

fee

t after

pum

pin

g 4

5.5

ga

l/min

w

hen

drilled.

Drille

dto

291

fe

et;

plug

ged

back

to

275

fe

et. _

l/4/

N U

Plu

gged

. D

rille

d fo

r O

hio

Oil

Co.

If

SE

.15

P S

cree

ned

335-

405

feet.

Drille

d

to 8

53fe

et;

pl

ugge

d ba

ck

to 4

05 f

ee

t.

SE

.20

P S

cree

ned

730-

765

and

777-

822

fee

t.R

epor

ted

draw

dow

n 10

5 fe

et

after

pum

pin

g

126

ga

l/min

fo

r 24

hou

rs

whe

ndrilled.

Drille

d

to 8

70 f

ee

t;

plug

ged

back

to

832

fe

et.

_l/3

/

SE

WF

Scr

eene

d 71

9-78

4 an

d 83

0-94

5 fe

et.

Rep

orte

d dr

awdo

wn

119

fee

t a

fte

r pu

mp-

Ing

295

g

al/m

in fo

r 24

hou

rs

whe

ndrilled.

Drille

d

to

1,22

5 fe

et;

plug

ged

back

to

965

feet.

1/3

/

TS.3

0 WF

S

cree

ned

736-

740

and

782-

833

fee

t.R

epor

ted

draw

dow

n 98

fe

et

aft

er

pum

p-In

g

125

ga

l/min

fo

r 14

hou

rs w

hen

drilled.

Pum

ping

le

vel

313.

5 fe

et

bya

irlin

e 3

-3-8

1.

Drille

d to

1,

300

fee

t.

3/

N N

Wor

ks

Pro

gres

s A

dmin

, te

st

hole

. 5/

SE

.7.5

W

F O

rig

ina

lly o

wne

d by

T

ide

Wat

er.

See

foo

tno

tes

at

end

of

tab

le.

Table

1. Records o

f we

lls,

sp

ring

s, a

nd t

est

holes

In Ru

sk C

ount

y an

d adjacent are

as C

onti

nued

Wel

l

WR

-35-

49-8

09 810

811

812

901

902

50-1

01 102

103

104

201

202

203

204

205

206

302

303

401

Ow

ner

Drille

r or

nam

e

Bur

k R

oya

lty

No.

3

Alie

n

Lum

ber

Co.

Str

lckl

and &

oth

ers

un

it

Bur

k R

oya

lty

No.

1

do.

Bur

k R

oya

lty

No.

2

do.

Mob

il P

rice

U

nit

Layn

e-Te

xas

Co.

WSW

No.

1

Gre

at

Exp

ect

atio

ns

No.

1

Amos

Ale

xand

er

Red

win

e W

orks

P

rogr

ess

Adm

in.

D.

R.

Sa

rta

ln

John

G

reen

Farm

ers

Institu

teS

choo

l 01st

.

J.

S.

Dor

sey

T.

V.

Ben

nett

W.

F.

Slm

mon

s

V.

Hig

h

Bu

rn's

D

orse

y W

. A

. H

unt

H.

C.

Thr

ashe

r

Bu

rrls

Dor

sey

Whi

te D

rillin

g C

o.

Jero

me

Rho

den

B.

A.

Gra

nt

Jaco

bs

Wat

er S

uppl

y La

nfor

d D

rilli

ng

Cor

p.

No.

3

Co.

Dat

e co

m

ple

ted

1971

1971

1971

1980

1953

1936

1921

1866

~ 1952

1911

1955

1899

1963

1971

- 1974

Dep

th

of

we

ll (f

ee

t)

772

672

681

1,10

0

3,59

2 23 20 43 30 80 20 82 34 85 38 214 49 32

684

Cas

ing

Dia

met

er

(inch

es)

7 3 7 4 7 4 8 5/

84

1/2

1

__ __ - ~ 36 4 ~ 4 ~ 4 2 1/

2

30 ~ 8 5

/84

1/2

Dep

th

(feet)

694

772

465

672

500

681

880

,050 _ 20 43 20 82 85 ~ 19

821

4 49 32 612

684

Wat

er

bear

in

g unit

Twl

Twl

Twl

Twl

__ Tc Tc Tc Tr

Tc Tr

Tc Tc Tc Tc Tc Tc Tc Twl

Altitu

de

of

land

su

rface

(f

eet)

382

382

380

402

420

430

440

432

492

450

435

465

420

418

400

438

402 450

Wat

erA

bove

(+

) o

r be

low

la

nd

surf

ace

(f

ee

t)

110

175.

4

65 70 80.9

197

269.

3

_ 22.5

19.0

31.4

27.4

~ 17 52 56.1

26.6

20 19.2

33.6

75.0

28.0

18.4

28.2

221

leve

lsD

ate

of

mea

sure

m

ent

6-26

-71

7-16

-81

1-15

-71

1-27

-71

7-16

-81

10-1

5-80

'7-

15-8

1

__ 3-12

-36

11-2

7-36

11-2

9-36

5-27

-36

~ 8-

2-62

8-

2-62

4-21

-81

6-18

-36

1955

8-

2-62

6-16

-36

9-16

-64

9-21

-72

3-19

-81

11-2

4-36

5-

9-79

Met

hod

of

lift

SE

.15

N SE

.5

SE __ N N N N N N JE

.l

N N N SE JE N SE

.15

Use

o

f w

ater

WF U WF WF

__ U U U U U U D U U U D D U P

Rem

arks

Scr

eene

d 70

7-76

7 fe

et.

Cas

ing

slo

tted 5

00-6

72 f

eet.

Cas

ing

colla

pse

d.

Cas

ing

slo

tted 4

81-6

81 f

ee

t.

Scr

eene

d 88

8-89

8,

900-

918,

96

4-98

3,98

6-1,

005,

1

,00

7-1

,02

6,

and

1,0

28

-1,

035

feet.

Rep

orte

d dr

awdo

wn

57 f

ee

ta

fte

r pu

mpi

ng

167

gal /

ml n

fo

r 24

hou

rsw

hen

drille

d.

Drille

d t

o 1

,100

feet;

plug

ged

back

to

1,

050

fee

t.

1/3

/

Oil

test

used

In

cro

ss se

ctio

n.

3/

Wor

ks

Pro

gres

s A

dmin

, te

st

hole

.

Dug

we

ll.

1/5

/

Dug

we

ll.

S/

Dug

we

ll.

3/5

/

Dug

we

ll.

Orig

ina

lly r

eport

ed to

be

100

feet

deep

.

Dug

we

ll.

Wel

l co

llapse

d.

Tota

l d

isso

lve

d so

lids

Incr

ease

d fr

om1,

870

to 2

,475

mg/

L a

fte

r pu

mpi

ng

5ho

urs

on 8

-1-6

2.

I/

Dug

well

.

Scr

eene

d 19

9-21

4 fe

et.

2J

Dug

we

ll.

1/4

/

Dug

we

ll. I/

Scr

eene

d 61

2-68

2 fe

et.

Drille

d to

802

feet;

plug

ged

back

to

802

fe

et.

1/

3 /

402

Char

lie

Lloyd

See

foot

note

s at

end

of

table.

1860

3930

39

Tc470

24.1

5-26-36

Dug

well.

Tab

le

1. R

eco

rds

of

wells

, sp

rin

gs,

an

d te

st

hole

s in

R

usk

Cou

nty

and

adja

cent

are

as

Co

ntin

ue

d

Wel

l

WR-

35

- 50-

403

404

501

502

503

504

601

602

701

702

703

801

802

803

804

805

806

901

902

Ow

ner

or

nam

e

W.

Z.

Ranfr

o

J.

W.

Pla

nnin

g

Joe

L.

Har

tman

City of

Hen

ders

onN

o.

16

City of

Hen

ders

on

Whi

te O

ak

Wat

er

Co.

Texa

s H

ighw

ayR

.O.W

.

Bert

Fie

lds,

Jr.

R.

M.

Balle

nger

Un

it

Hen

ders

on

Co.

R

.O.W

.

Z.

D.

Sto

ne

J.

J.

Colw

ell

City o

f H

ende

rson

No.

7

City o

f H

ende

rson

No.

8

City

o

f H

ende

rson

Do.

A.

F.

Wrlght

City

of

Hen

ders

on

C1 ty o

f H

ende

rson

No.

4

City o

f H

ende

rson

No.

5

Drille

r

Lero

y Th

omps

on

Alie

n

Lum

ber

Co.

Layn

e-Te

xas

Co.

do.

do.

Wor

ks

Pro

gres

sA

dmin

.

Reh

kop

Drilli

ng

Co.

Wor

ks

Pro

gres

sA

dmin

.

__ Layn

e-T

exas

C

o.

do.

do.

do.

~ Layn

e-T

exas

C

o.

do.

do.

Dat

e co

m

ple

ted

1866

1934

1971

1963

1979

1963

1936

1973

1936

_ 1947

1948

1942

1942

1930

1946

1936

1938

Dep

th

of

wel

1 (f

eet)

20 28 48 372

874

542 31 510 18 27 20 624

747

794

759 15 703

583

879

Cas

ing

Dia

met

er

(inch

es)

30 ~ 36 16 10

3/4

- -- 7 3 30 6 16 10

3/4

16 10

3/4

~ - 36 - 20 12 16 7

Dep

th

(feet)

20 28 48 291

372

869

540 __ 455

510 27 20 522

624

520

746 ~ - 15 - 430

560

492

879

Wat

er

bear

in

g

un

it

Tc Tc Tc Twl

Tw1

Twl

Twi

Twl

Twl

Twl

Twl

Twl

Tw1

Twl

Twl

Twl

Twl

Twl

Tw1

Altitu

de

of

land

su

rface

(f

ee

t)

440

450

460

420

460

420

470

395

450

448

416

452

512

435

405

405

498

419

410

Wat

erA

bove

(+

) o

r be

low

la

nd

surf

ace

(f

eet)

11.4

22.9

32.8

33.2

128

168.

7

~ 23 213 15 19

.221

.5

14.6

12.8

275

359.

6

315

361.

3

~ - 8.1

168.

530

2.8

2D6

148.

7

leve

ls Dat

e o

f m

easu

re

men

t

5-27

-36

5-26

-36

9-21

-72

12-

1-78

9-29

-63

3-17

-81

-- ~ 7-31

-36

11-2

8-73

3-12

-36

3-17

-36

11-2

7-4D

3-17

-36

11-2

7-40

7-19

-47

4-22

-81

1-23

-48

3-17

-81

~ ~ 10-2

3-36

-- 12-1

9-35

4-

1-81

8-11

-38

11-2

7-40

Met

hod

Use

o

f o

f lift

w

ater

N U

~ JE

D

TE

.40

P

N U

.. _

WF

N U

N U

N U

TE.7

5 P

TE

P

N U

N U

N U

N U

TE

.75

P

N U

Rem

arks

Dug

we

ll. I/

Dug

wel

1 .

5/

J./4

/

Scr

eene

d 29

2-36

4 fe

et.

Rep

orte

d dr

aw

dow

n 13

2 fe

et

aft

er

pum

ping

350

ga

l/mi n

for

24 h

ours

whe

n drilled.

Drille

d fo

rW

hite

O

ak

Wat

er C

o.

1/2

/3/4

/

Tes

t hole

. 3/

Do.

Wor

ks

Pro

gres

s A

dmin

, te

st

ho

le.

2/5

/

Drille

d

to 6

63 f

eet;

plug

ged

back

to

510

feet.

Wor

ks

Pro

gres

s A

dmin

, te

st

hole

. 5

/

Dug

well.

4

/5/

Do.

Scr

eene

d 53

1-61

1 fe

et.

Rep

orte

d dr

aw

dow

n 11

7 fe

et

after

pum

ping

335

gal/m

info

r 18

hou

rs w

hen

drilled.

1/3

/4/

Scr

eene

d 54

8-59

8,

638-

648,

an

d 67

6-73

6fe

et.

Rep

orte

d dr

awdo

wn

159

fee

t a

fte

rpu

mpi

ng 4

02 g

al/m

in fo

r 8

hour

s w

hen

drilled.

J./3

/4_/

Tes

t h

ole

4-2

. 1/

3 /

Tes

t ho

le 5

-3.

1/3

/

Dug

we

ll.

1/5

/

Tes

t ho

le

No.

6.

3

/

Scr

eene

d 41

9-47

4 an

d 47

9-55

1 fe

et.

Rep

orte

d dr

awdo

wn

70 f

ee

t after

pum

p-In

g 3

60 g

al/m

in fo

r 5

hour

s 8-2

1-4

4.

1/2

/i/

Scr

eene

d 50

0-57

2,

594-

654,

an

d 82

4-85

4fe

et.

Rep

orte

d dr

awdo

wn

64 f

ee

t a

fte

rpu

mpi

ng

whe

n drilled.

Wel

l pl

ugge

d w

ith

cem

ent.

3/4

/

See

foo

tno

tes

at

end

of

table

.

Tab

le

1.--

Rec

ords

o

f w

ells

, sp

rin

gs,

an

d te

st

hole

s In

Ru

sk

Cou

nty

and

adja

cen

t ar

eas

Co

nti

nu

ed

Wel

l

WR

-35-

50-9

03 904

905

906

907

908

909

910

911

912

913

51-1

01 102

201

Ow

ner

Driller

or

nam

e

City of

Hen

ders

on

Layn

e-T

exas

C

o.N

o.

6

City o

f H

ende

rson

d

o.

No.

10

City of

Hen

ders

on

do.

No.

11

City of

Hen

ders

on

do.

No.

12

City of

Hen

ders

on

do

.N

o.

13

(Jam

es

Ow

enw

ell)

City of

Hen

ders

on

do.

No.

14

City of

Hen

ders

on

do.

No.

15

City of

Hen

ders

on

doN

o.

2

B.

Harr

is

Ric

e Sa

mm

ons

0.

F.

Bu

rt

Ros

a B

urt

0.

E.

Bu

rt

New

P

rosp

ect

W

ater

La

yne-

Tex

as

Co.

Supply

C

orp.

N

o.

2

L.

T.

Burt

on

Wlllle

Bu

rne

tt

Con

oco

F.

Lew

is

Dat

e co

m

ple

ted

1942

1954

1955

1957

1964

1969

1969

1931

- 1937

1935

1977

1934

1951

Dep

th

of

we

ll (f

ee

t)

609

698

668

752

712

725

405

558 31 130 14 634 27

7,60

6

Ca

sin

gD

i am

eter

(in

che

s)

16 10 20 12 20 12 20 10 20 12 20 12 16 10 12 8 6 ~ 4 28

8 4 -

3/4

3/4

3/4

3/4

3/4

3/4

3/4 1/2

1/4 5/8 5/8

1/2

Dep

th

(feet)

484

603

505

698

405

668

590

752

520

712

500

725

303

405

443

456

558 31 51 14 405

540 -

Wat

er

be

ar

in

g

unit

Twl

Twi

Twl

Twi

Twl

Twi

Twl

Twl

Tw1

Tc Tc Twl

Tc ~

Altitu

de

of

land

surf

ace

(f

eet)

415

455

480

495

465

510

510

404

460

482

468

480

450

420

Wat

erA

bove

(+

) o

r be

low

la

nd

surf

ace

(f

eet)

247

287

355

330

301

250

320

390

233

319

321

34

8.6

244

250.5

24

1.7

178.0

161 17

.3

6.0 1.8

2.5

4.4

200

215.7

24

.2

levels

Dat

e of

mea

sure

m

ent

8-2

3-4

23-

-81

2-

8-5

43

- -8

1

2-1

9-5

5

6-2

3-5

76

-28

-57

5-

2-79

2-

3-6

43

- -8

1

11-1

3-6

94

-23

-81

12

-22

-69

5-

2-79

5-1

7-8

1

10-

7-3

811-2

7-4

0

7-1

4-3

6

8-2

4-3

72-

8-3

9

7-1

5-3

611-2

7-4

0

6-

8-7

75

- 9-7

9

11

-17

-36

~

Met

hod

Use

of

of

Rem

arks

lift

wate

r

TE

.75

P S

cree

ned

488-

592

fee

t.

Re

po

rte

d

dra

w

dow

n 92

fe

et

after

pum

ping

35

0 gal /

mi n

whe

n drilled.

.1/3

/4 /

TE

.150

P

Scr

eene

d 5

10

-56

0,

594-6

14,

620-6

30,

650-6

65,

and

676-

686

feet.

Re

po

rte

ddr

awdo

wn

94 fe

et

after

pum

ping

54

4 gal/

min

fo

r 48

ho

urs

w

hen

drilled.

J73/4

/

TE

.100

P

Scr

eene

d 4

10

-47

0,

484-5

39,

554-5

84,

and

618-

658

fee

t.

Rep

orte

d dr

awdo

wn

104

feet

aft

er

pum

ping

61

0 g

al /

min

fo

r 48

ho

urs

w

hen

drilled.

l/Z

J

TE

.100

P

Scr

eene

d 5

92

-67

4,

678-6

88,

69

9-7

04

, an

d71

5-74

.0 f

ee

t.

Re

po

rte

d

draw

dow

n 23

7fe

et

after

pum

ping

57

8 g

al/m

ln fo

r 48

hours

w

hen

drilled.

JL/3

/

TE

.150

P

Scr

eene

d 5

30

-57

0,

592-6

82,

and

692-7

02

feet.

Re

po

rte

d

draw

dow

n 79

fe

et

after

pum

ping

75

4 gal/m

ln fo

r 48

hours

w

hen

drilled.

J./

2/3

/4/

TE

.250

P

Scr

eene

d 510-5

70,

58

0-6

15

, an

d 632-6

97

feet.

Re

po

rte

d

draw

dow

n 75

fe

et

after

pum

ping

90

0 gal/m

ln fo

r 24

h

ou

rs

whe

nd

rille

d.

Drille

d to

76

2 fe

et;

plu

gg

ed

back

to

72

5 fe

et.

1

/3/

TE

.60

P S

cree

ned

317-

372

fee

t.

Report

ed

dra

w

dow

n 95

feet

after

pum

ping

20

0 g

al /

min

for

48

ho

urs

w

hen

drilled.

1/V

N U

Cas

ing

slo

tte

d

448-5

58 f

ee

t.

Drilled

to 6

80 f

eet;

plu

gg

ed

ba

ck to

55

8 fe

et.

Wel

l ab

ando

ned

in

1942

. J./4/

N U

Dug

w

el 1

. 5

/

N U

Geophys

ical

test

ho

le.

4/

N U

Dug

w

el 1

. J./3/4

/

SE

P S

cree

ned

411-4

19,

423-4

46,

455-4

68,

474-4

84,

and

49

7-5

20

fe

et.

R

ep

ort

ed

draw

dow

n 54

fe

et

after

pum

ping

19

5 g

al/

min

fo

r 23

hours

w

hen

drille

d.

J/2

/3/

N U

Dug

w

el 1

.

5/

Oil

test

used

in

cr

oss

section.

3/

No.

1

See

foot

note

s at

end

of

tab

le.

Tab

le

1.--

Rec

ords

of

we

lls,

springs,

an

d te

st

hole

s In

R

usk

Cou

nty

and

adja

cent

are

as

Co

ntin

ue

d

Wel

l

WR

-35-

51-4

01 501

502

503

601

602

603

801

802

901

902

903

52-1

01 102

401

701

702

57-2

01

Ow

ner

or

nam

e

New

Pro

spec

t W

ater

Sup

ply

Cor

p.

No.

1

W.

H.

Hun

t T

rust

Est

. Le

opar

d N

o.

1

Chu

rch

H11

1 W

ater

Sup

ply

Cor

p.

No.

2

Fa1rf

1eld

B

aptist

Chu

rch

Chu

rch

mil

Wat

erS

uppl

y C

orp.

N

o.

1

0.

V.

Ben

nett

Oak

land

Wat

er S

uppl

yC

orp.

L.

K.

Sal

low

P1n

eh1l

l C

hapm

anW

ater

S

uppl

y C

orp.

J.

Rus

sell

Sm

ith

E.

F.

Pos

ey

Eve

l F

au

lkn

er

Eliz

ab

eth

F

itzg

era

ld

Jack

M

urph

y

H.

H.

Tru

elo

ck

Citi

zen

s N

atio

nal

Bank

Amoc

o P

roduct

ion

Co.

N

o.

1 S

lier

lea

se

Drille

r

Layn

e-T

exas

C

o.

__ How

eth

Wat

er W

ell

Ser

vice

_ Inn

era

rlty

D

rillin

gC

o.

Just

l s M

ears

Bra

zier

__ Triangle

Pu

mp

&S

uppl

y C

o.

__ __ How

eth

Wat

er W

ell

Serv

ice

- ~ How

eth

Wat

er W

ell

Serv

ice

__ Layn

e-T

exas

C

o.

Dat

e co

m-

pl e

ted

1968

1948

1971

1930

1968

1981

1918

1965

_ 1966

1911

1923

1966

1981

1900

1967

1936

1974

Dep

th

of

well

(fe

et)

585

7,50

5

490 18 582

410 21 710 22 738 26 48 192

394 22 302 29 835

Cas

ing

Di a

met

er

(inch

es)

8 5/

84

1/2

_ 7 2 36 6 5/

84 4 36 __ 36 8

5/8

3 1/

2

40 30 4 4 28 4 10 3

/46

5/8

Dep

th

(fe

et)

460

585 __ 406

490 19 542

582

410 21 22 670

738 26 48 189

394 22 302 29 650

835

Wat

er

bear

in

g

unit

Tw1

_ Tw1

Twl

Tw1

Tw1

Tc Twl

Twl

Twl

Twl

Twl

Twl

Tw1

Twl

Tw1

Twl

Altitu

de

of

land

su

rface

(f

ee

t)

500

405

452

400

460

420

430

440

440

480

385

442

340

370

360

440

340

365

Wat

erA

bove

(+

) o

r be

low

la

nd

surf

ace

(f

eet)

250

255

307 _ 150

207.

7

12.0

11.1

260

105.

0

20.6

240.

6

19.6

10.7

175

227 23

.36.

4

40.2

37.9

50 55.5

115.

3

16.4

120

110.

4

23 166

leve

lsD

ate

of

mea

sure

m

ent

7-

4-68

7-29

-68

5-

9-79

__ 10-

7-71

3-19

-81

12-

1-36

4-

1-81

9-

5-68

4-

1-81

11-

4-36

5-

9-79

12-

2-36

11-2

7-40

1-17

-66

5-10

-79

12-

2-36

11-1

2-40

12-

2-36

11-2

7-40

2-

8-66

4-

2-81

4-

2-81

3-20

-81

9-2D

-67

6-30

-77

10-3

0-36

6-29

-74

Met

hod

of

lift

SE _ SE N N A N SE

.7.5

N TE

.7.5

N N JE

.l

A JE SE

.l

N N

Use

o

f w

ater

P _ P U U Ind

U P U P U U D Ind

D D U U

Rem

arks

Scr

eene

d 47

0-49

0 an

d 50

5-57

2 fe

et.

Rep

orte

d dr

awdo

wn

66 f

eet

after

pum

ping

183

gal/m

1n fo

r 24

hou

rs w

hen

drilled.

I/I/

011

test

used

in

cr

oss

se

ctio

n.

3/

Scr

eene

d 41

0-49

0 fe

et.

Drille

d t

o 6

10fe

et;

plug

ged

back

to

490

feet.

1/2

/3/4

/

Dug

we

ll. _

l/3/

Scr

eene

d 54

2-58

2 fe

et.

P

lugg

ed a

ndab

ando

ned

due

to

poor

wat

er q

ua

lity.

3/

Drille

d to

se

rve

drillin

g rig

.

Dug

well.

S

/

!/ Dug

we

ll.

4/5

/

Scr

eene

d 67

5-73

8 fe

et.

Rep

orte

d dr

aw

dow

n 60

feet

after

pum

ping

75

gal /

mi n

for

24 h

ours

whe

n drilled.

1/3 /

Dug

we

ll.

4/5

/

Dug

we

ll. i

/4_/5

/

Scr

eene

d 17

3-18

9 fe

et. .

1/2/

4 /

- Dug

well.

Cas

ing

slo

tted 2

70-3

02 f

ee

t.

1/2

/

Dug

we

ll. J

L/5/

Scr

eene

d 66

0-71

0,

727-

752,

76

2-80

2,

and

810-

820

fee

t.

Rep

orte

d dr

awdo

wn

294

feet

aft

er

pum

ping

77

ga

l /m

i n fo

r 24

hour

s w

hen

drilled.

Plu

gged

. O

rig

i

nally

d

rille

d to

1,

141

fee

t.

1/3

/

See

foo

tno

tes

at

end

of

table

.

Table

1.--

Reco

rds

of w

ells

, sp

ring

s, a

nd t

est

hole

s in R

usk

Coun

ty a

nd a

djac

ent ar

eas

Cont

inue

d

Wel

l

WR

-35-

57-2

02 203

204

205

206

207

301

401

402

403

404

405

406

503

504

505

506

507

Ow

ner

or

nam

e

Am

oco

Pro

du

ctio

n

Co.

N

o.

2 S

ile

r le

ase

Am

oco

Pro

duct

ion

Co.

N

o.

3 S

iler

lease

Gre

at

Exp

ect

atio

ns

Oil

A.W

. N

icho

las

No.

1

Exx

on

do.

do.

Chris

Red

win

e

Big

S

prin

gs

Sch

ool

do.

Exx

on

do.

do.

Big

S

prin

gs

Mar

cus

Spe

nce

Geo

rge

Duk

es

G.

E.

Ch

ildre

ss

do.

Exx

on

Dat

e D

rille

r co

m

ple

ted

Layn

e- T

exas

C

o.

1974

do.

1974

1953

Cen

tury

G

eoph

ysic

al

1978

C

o.

do.

1978

do.

1978

~ ~ -- Cen

tury

G

eoph

ysic

al

1978

C

o.

do.

1978

do.

1978

Spr

ing

1920

1930

Gib

son

Drilli

ng

C

o.

1978

1900

Cen

tury

G

eoph

ysic

al

1978

C

o.

Dep

th

of

well

(feet)

1,12

0

1,13

5

3,74

8 88 180

445 23 179 21 50 133

215 23 23 510 60 53

Cas

ing

Di a

met

er

(inch

es)

10

3/4

6 5/

8

10 3

/4

6 5/

8

-- 2 2 2 36 4 24 2 ~ 2 30 36 4 - 2

Dep

th

(fe

et)

1,01

5 1,

120

985

1,13

5 ~ 82 169

434 23 179 21 50 133

215 23 23 510 60 44

Wat

er

bear

in

g unit

Twi

Twi

-- Tc Tc Twi

Tc Tc Tc Tc Tc Twi

Tc Tr

Twi

Tc Tr

Altitu

de

of

land

su

rface

(f

ee

t)

335

325

399

408

408.

1

409.

6

430

345

345

366

366

366

318

420

450

398

382

448

Wat

erA

bove

(+

) o

r be

low

la

nd

surf

ace

(f

ee

t)

73.8

15

0.4

80

118.

6

~ 32

33 31.7

35

36 39.4

75

75 81.9

21.8

56.4

- 41

40 41.5

55

54 54.5

77

75 77.1

17.2

12

.3

21.0

100.

3

25.1

6 22 26.8

leve

lsD

ate

of

mea

sure

m

ent

8-19

-74

5-17

-79

10-

2-74

5-

17-7

9

~ 8-

4-78

2-

1-79

7-14

-81

8-

4-78

2-

1-79

7-14

-81

8-

4-78

2-

1-

797-

14-8

1

12-

8-36

3-31

-81

~ 4-26

-78

3-29

-79

7-14

-81

4-26

-78

3-29

-79

7-14

-81

4-26

-78

3-29

-79

7-14

-81

3-31

-81

7-14

-81

11-1

4-36

3-31

-81

3-31

-81

4-26

-78

2-24

-79

7-14

-81

Met

hod

of

lift

SE SE ~ A A A N N N A A A N N A N A

Use

o

f w

ater

WF

WF ~ U U U U U U U U U U U U U U

Rem

arks

Scr

eene

d 1,0

25-1

,105 f

ee

t.

Rep

orte

d dr

awdo

wn

204

fee

t after

pum

ping

52

5 gal/m

in fo

r 12

hou

rs

whe

n drilled.

JY3_

/

Scr

eene

d 99

5-1,

105

feet.

Rep

orte

d dr

awdo

wn

313

fee

t after

pum

ping

480

gal/m

in fo

r 24

hou

rs

whe

n drilled.

1/2

/3/

Oil

test.

37

Cas

ing

slo

tted

10-8

2 fe

et.

Cas

ing

slo

tted

103-

169

fee

t.

Cas

ing

slo

tted 2

05-4

34 f

ee

t.

Dug

we

ll.

S/

~ Wel

l is

dry

, 3-

31-8

1,

7-14

-81.

Cas

ing

slo

tted 3

0-50

fe

et.

Cas

ing

slo

tted 7

3-13

3 fe

et.

Cas

ing

slo

tted 1

35-2

15 f

eet.

Spr

ing

enca

sed

in

woo

den

box.

R

epor

ted

dis

cha

rge

2.

2 g

al/m

in,

1978

{G

unna

r B

rune

).

J7

Dug

well

at

aban

done

d ho

me

site

.

Dug

we

ll.

£>/

Old

du

g w

ell,

ro

ck

curb

.

Cas

ing

slo

tted

18-4

4 fe

et.

See

foot

note

s at

end o

f table.

Tabl

e 1. Records of w

ells

, sp

ring

s, a

nd t

est

hole

s in R

usk

County a

nd adjacent ar

eas

Cont

inue

d

Wel

l

WR

-35-

57-5

08 509

510

601

701

702

703

704

802

803

901

902

58-1

01 102

103

201

Ow

ner

or

nam

e

Exx

on

do.

do H.

T.

Whl

tehe

ad

Gu

lf O

il &

Refin

ing

Pum

p S

tatio

n

Exxo

n R.

0.

G

ant

do.

do.

Goo

dspr

lngs

Wat

erS

uppl

y C

orp.

Dr.

D

easo

n

W.

A.

Whl

tehe

ad

Apa

che

Drillin

g C

o.N

o.

1 R

oque

mor

e

Lonn

le L

ock

rldge

Goo

dspr

lngs

Wat

erS

uppl

y C

orp.

Rob

blns

P

etro

leum

Co.

B

ento

n M

oore

Lynn

Sl

mm

ons

Dat

e D

rille

r co

m

ple

ted

Cen

tury

G

eoph

ysic

al

1978

Co. do

. 19

78

do

1978

1885

Layn

e-T

exas

Co.

19

37

Cen

tury

G

eoph

ysic

al

Co.

do.

do.

Edl

ngto

n D

rillin

g

1965

Co.

Wor

ks P

rogr

ess

1936

Adm

in.

Whi

te D

rillin

g C

o.

1971

1956

Alie

n

Lum

ber

Co.

19

72

Edl

ngto

n D

rillin

g

1965

Co. Innera

rlty

D

rillin

g

1969

Co.

Alie

n

Lum

ber

Co.

19

72

Dep

th

of

well

(feet)

153

259

495 32 114

190

300

130

413 14 315

3,94

0 31 550

442 47

Cas

ing

D1 a

met

er

(inch

es)

2 2 2 36 16 8 5/

8

2 2 2 8 5/

84

1/2

3 30 8 5

/84

1/2

6 4 36

Dep

th

(fe

et)

145

250

484 32 69 114

190

300

130

350

413 14 315 31 500

550

296

442 47

Wat

er

bear

in

g

unit

Tew

Twi

Twl

Tc Tc Tew

Tw1

Tc Twl

Tc Twl

Tc Twl

Twl

Twl

Altitu

de

of

land

su

rface

(f

eet)

448

448

449

405

320

312

313

310

440

420

330

352

380

440

410

360

Wat

erA

bove

(+

) o

r be

low

la

nd

surf

ace

(f

ee

t)

78 78 78.5

98 99 83.7

98 130

134 31

.0

35

5.4

12.2

+2 135

153.

0

11 F +1.

5

18.0

18.1

141

190.

6

163

117.

4

18.0

16.4

leve

lsD

ate

of

mea

sure

m

ent

8-

4-78

2-24

-79

7-14

-81

8-

4-78

2-24

-79

7-14

-81

8-

4-78

2-24

-79

.7-

14-8

1

11-1

2-36

10-

8-37

7-14

-81

7-14

-81

7-14

-81

9-

-65

9-27

-76

4-17

-36

10-1

5-71

9-25

-72

9-20

-72

3-17

-81

9-

-65

5-

2-79

1-28

-69

7-14

-81

8-19

-72

12-

2-75

Met

hod

Use

o

f o

f lift

wat

er

A U

A U

A U

N N

N U

A U

A U

A U

TE

.7.5

P

N U

N S

JE

D

SE

.10

P

SE

.7.5

W

F

JE

D

Rem

arks

Cas

ing

slo

tted 6

4-14

5 fe

et.

Cas

ing

slo

tted 1

73-2

50 f

ee

t.

Cas

ing

slo

tted 2

80-4

84 f

ee

t.

Dug

we

ll. J

./5

/

Scr

eene

d 69

-112

feet.

Rep

orte

d dr

awdo

wn

46 f

eet

aft

er

pum

ping

15

6 ga

l /m

l n

whe

ndrilled.

Drille

d t

o 4

11 fe

et;

pl

ugge

dba

ck to

11

4 fe

et.

Cas

ing

slo

tted 1

50-1

90 f

ee

t.

Cas

ing

slo

tted 2

10-2

30 f

ee

t.

Cas

ing

slo

tted 6

0-13

0 fe

et.

Mea

sure

ddis

charg

e 2

gallo

ns

In

1 m

inute

, 5

seco

nds

7-14

-81.

Scr

eene

d 35

0-41

3 fe

et.

Rep

orte

d dr

aw

down

23

fee

t after

pum

ping

65

gal/m

1nwh

en d

rille

d.

Drille

d t

o 6

58 f

ee

t;pl

ugge

d ba

ck t

o 4

13 f

ee

t. J

./3

/

Wor

ks

Pro

gres

s Ad

min

, te

st

hole

. J/5

/

Cas

ing

slott

ed 2

73-3

15 f

ee

t.

Est

imat

edto

flo

w a

t ra

te o

f 0.

5 ga

l/mln

9-2

5-72

.I/

2./

Oil

test

use

d in

cro

ss s

ect

ion

. 3/

Dug

well.

J./

4/

Scr

eene

d 50

0-55

0 fe

et.

R

epor

ted

draw

do

wn 9

7 fe

et

after

pum

ping

60

gal/m

1nfo

r 24

hou

rs w

hen

drille

d.

Drille

d t

o65

6 fe

et;

plu

gged

bac

k to

550

fe

et.

1/

2/3 /

Scr

eene

d ag

ains

t sa

nds

296-

442

feet.

Rep

orte

d dr

awdo

wn

85 f

eet

after

pum

ping

35 g

al/m

ln f

or

24 h

ours

whe

n drille

d.

Dug

well.

1/3

/4/

See

footnotes

at e

nd o

f table.

Tab

le

1.--

Rec

ords

o

f w

ells

, sp

rin

gs,

an

d te

st

hole

s in

Rus

k C

ount

y an

d ad

jace

nt

area

s C

on

tin

ued

Wel

l

WR

-3 5

-58-2

02

301

302

401

402

403

501

502

601

701

702

801

59

-10

1

102

201

202

203

302

401

Ow

ner

or

nam

e

Cro

ss a

nd S

ons

Ebe

neze

r W

ater

Sup

ply

Cor

p.

No.

1

J.

L.

And

erso

n

Elm

er

Par

ker

Com

pton

M

cKni

ght

Wat

er S

uppl

y C

orp.

W.

V.

Wig

glns

Fre

ew

ill

Baptis

tC

hurc

h

Ebe

neze

r W

ater

Sup

ply

Cor

p.

No.

2

C.

T.

Whi

te

F.

G.

Ber

ry

N.

Leo

Ma

rwill

Jim

Hart

H.

B.

Fla

nnag

an

Min

den

Bra

chfie

ldW

ater

Sup

ply

Cor

p.

Mrs

. H

. A

. G

osse

t

JPG

O

il C

o.

No.

1

Mic

hael

K

ange

ra

F.

L.

Gar

y E

st.

J.

R.

Wor

ley

H.

E.

Adair

Drille

r

Al l

en

Lum

ber

Co.

Triangle

Pu

mp

&S

uppl

y C

o.

~ Alie

n

Lum

ber

Co.

Key

Drilli

ng

C

o.

Law

renc

e H

unte

r

How

eth

Wat

er W

ell

Serv

ice

do.

do.

~ -- Judg

e S

penc

er

How

eth

Wat

er W

ell

Ser

vi c

e

And

rew

s 4

Fo

ste

rD

rilli

ng

C

o.

Alie

n

Lum

ber

Co.

__ - -- How

eth

Wat

er W

ell

Ser

vi c

e

Dat

e co

m-

pl e

ted

1973

1965

1911

1971

1979

1920

1969

1970

1967

1896

1900

-- 1969

1973

1966

1966

1900

1912

1966

Dep

th

of

we

ll (f

eet)

825

600 29 82 500 60 95 658

292 51 19 24 351

615 36

6,28

4 40 34 143

Cas

ing

Dia

met

er

(inch

es)

7 3 7 3 1/

2

36 30 6 5/

83

1/2

36 4 7 3 1/

2

4

36 36 4 2 4 1/

2

30 _ ~ 4

Dep

th

(feet)

725

825

500

600 29 82 450

490 60 95 500

600

292 51 19 24 331

351

615 36 _ 39 34 143

Wat

er

bear

in

g

unit

Twi

Twi

Twi

Twi

Twi

Tc Twi

Twi

Tc Tc Tc Twi

Twi

Twi

Tc Twi

Tc Twi

Altitu

de

of

land

su

rface

(f

eet)

485

490

398

500

528

495

350

415

380

480

385

352

458

562

430

440

400

540

420

Wat

erA

bove

(+

) o

r be

low

la

nd

surf

ace

(f

ee

t)

245

271.

6

237 15

.9

67 70.0

208.

1

43

.0

30 26.3

237 94

.597

.8

49.5

16.9

19.4

180

147.

5

264

348.

2

17.0

14.4

__ 36.4

29.5

60

leve

ls Dat

e o

f m

easu

re

men

t

6-28

-73

5-16

-79

4-21

-65

11-2

6-36

7-15

-71

3-19

-81

.

3-19

-81

3-18

-81

8-23

-69

12-

2-75

4-21

-65

9-19

-72

12-

8-76

11-

6-36

11-

6-36

10-2

3-36

3-18

-69

12-

2-75

10-

3-73

5-11

-79

9-25

-72

12-

2-75

__ 10-2

7-36

10-2

7-36

8-27

-66

Met

hod

of

lift

SE SE N JE SE

.7.5

N SE

.l

SE SE

.l

N N N SE

.1.5

SE JE ._ N N N

Use

o

f w

ate

r

P P U D P U P P D U U U S P D _ U U U

Rem

arks

Scr

eene

d 72

5-75

4 an

d 76

9-81

9 fe

et.

Rep

orte

dly

pum

ped

65 g

al/m

i n

5-1

6-7

9.

Scr

eene

d 50

0-60

0 fe

et.

Rep

orte

d dr

aw

dow

n 25

fe

et

aft

er

pum

ping

60

gal/m

info

r 24

hou

rs

whe

n drilled.

1/3

/

Dug

wel

1 .

1/5

/

l/4_/

Scr

eene

d 45

0-49

0 fe

et.

Mea

sure

d pu

mp

ing

le

ve

l 24

3.5

fee

t 3

-18

-81

. D

rille

dto

720

fe

et;

pl

ugge

d ba

ck to

500

fe

et.

I/I/

Dug

wel

1 .

Scr

eene

d 71

-95

fee

t.

4/

Scr

eene

d 50

0-60

0 fe

et.

Rep

orte

d dr

aw

dow

n 25

fe

et

aft

er

pum

ping

60

gal/m

info

r 24

hou

rs

whe

n drilled.

Drille

d to

658

feet;

plug

ged

back

to

600

feet.

Cas

ing

slo

tted 2

76-2

92 f

ee

t.

1/4

/

Dug

we

ll.

S/

Do.

Dug

we

ll.

l/S

/

Cas

ing

slo

tted 3

31-3

51 fe

et.

Drille

dto

351

fe

et;

pl

ugge

d ba

ck

to 3

51 f

eet. £

/

Scr

eene

d 50

9-55

1 an

d 57

2-59

3 fe

et.

Rep

orte

d dr

awdo

wn

96 fe

et

after

pum

pin

g

71 g

al/m

1n fo

r 24

hou

rs

whe

ndrilled.

Drille

d t

o 6

42 f

eet;

plug

ged

back

to

615

feet.

\J

Dug

wel

1 .

1/4

/

Oil

test

used

in

cr

oss

se

ctio

n.

3/

Dug

wel

1 .

5/

Do.

Cas

ing

slo

tted 1

27-1

43 fe

et.

Wel

lde

stro

yed.

See

foo

tno

tes

at

end

of

tab

le.

Tab

le 1

. R

eco

rds

of

wells

, sp

rin

gs,

an

d te

st

hole

s In

R

usk

Cou

nty

and

ad

jace

nt

are

as

Contin

ued

Wel

l

WR

-35-

59-4

02 501

601

602

603

701

801

802

803

901

902

903

904

60-1

01 102

701

37-0

1-10

2

103

201

Ow

ner

or

nam

e

Geo

rge

T.

Dul

aney

W.

T.

Arn

old

Boy

d P

atr

lch

JPG

Oil

Co.

N

o.

1T

roy

Wel

ch

A.

R.

Ros

seau

E

st.

J.

M.

Mau

l

Mln

den

Sch

ool

Mln

den

Ba

chfle

ldW

ater

S

uppl

y C

orp.

No.

1

Mob

il 01

1 C

orp.

No.

3

Ohi

o O

il C

o.

Leon

aP

inke

r ton

N

o.

2

J.

G.

Spr

adU

n

Mob

il O

il C

o.

WSW

No.

1

SM

loh

Upp

erP

etti t

Unit

Jam

es

N.

Brow

n

J.

J.

Wyl

le

Agn

es

O'K

elle

y

Mrs

. N

. E

. B

arne

s

L.

0.

McM

Illan

Fre

d H

amilt

on

No.

1

A.

D.

Con

ner

W.

E.

Ric

hard

son

&

Drille

r

__ Cla

ude

Bro

oks

How

eth

Wat

er W

ell

Serv

ice

_ ~ -- Joe

G1l

l1sp

1e

Key

Drillin

g

Co.

Edl

ngto

n D

rillin

gC

o. How

eth

Wat

er W

ell

Serv

ice

Lanf

ord

Drillin

gC

o.

Geo

phys

ical

C

o.

How

eth

Wat

er W

ell

Serv

ice

N.

E.

Bam

es

__ R.

S.

Jlm

mer

son

Dat

e co

m

ple

ted

Spr

ing

1935

1964

1966

1900

1866

1956

1966

1968

1954

1970

1965

1936

1961

1905

1900

1945

1930

1957

Dep

th

of

well

(feet)

__ 14 242

7,39

0 26 28 412

611

716

7,40

5

480

750 80 190 27 32

4,23

0 23

4,18

0

Cas

ing

Dia

met

er

(in

che

s)

__ -- 4 1/

2

_ 30 36 4 2 1/

2

8 5

/84 8 4 4 2 7

5/8

4 1/

2

4 30 36 .. 36

Dep

th

(fe

et)

__ 14 242 26 28 310

412

530

601

656

716 448

480

704

746 ~ 190 27 32 23 ~

Wat

er

bear

in

g u

nit

Tc Tc Tw1

Tw1

Twl

Tw1

Tw1

Twl

.. Tw1

Twl

Twl

Twl

Twl

Twl

Tr

~

Altitu

de

o

f la

nd

surf

ace

(f

eet)

485

518

380

557

439

442

521

460

500

519

512

580

380

442

405

360

315

372

417

Wat

erA

bove

(+

) o

r be

low

la

nd

surf

ace

(f

ee

t)

__ 11.2

92.6

91

.898

.0

19.2

21.2

182.

518

5.5

185

197

184.

7

178.

318

2.1

272.

7

F 23.9

23.2

21.2

leve

lsD

ate

of

mea

sure

m

ent

_ 11-2

6-36

7-

1-77

12-1

2-77

11-3

0-78

10-1

9-36

11-2

6-36

9-22

-72

3-19

-81

10-

1-66

8-27

-68

7-24

-79

9-22

-72

11-3

0-78

7-15

-81

10-1

2-36

3-20

-81

10-1

9-36

11-

2-36

Met

hod

Use

o

f o

f R

emar

ks

lift

w

ate

r

Sp

rin

g,

est

ima

ted

flo

w 2

gal/m

in10

-19-

36.

1/5

/

N U

Dug

wel

1 .

5_/

SE

D S

cree

ned

224-

242

feet. I/

Oil

test

used

In

cr

oss

se

ctio

n.

3/

N U

Dug

we

ll.

S/

N U

Dug

we

ll.

1/5

/

SE

U S

cree

ned

382-

412

feet.

1/4

/

SE

.10

P S

cree

ned

530-

540,

56

1-58

1,

and

591-

601

feet.

Rep

orte

d dr

awdo

wn

60 f

eet

aft

er

pum

ping

80

gal/m

in fo

r 24

hou

rs w

hen

drilled.

Drille

d to

689

fe

et;

plug

ged

back

to

611

fe

et.

I/

N U

Scr

eene

d 65

0-71

6 fe

et.

Rep

orte

d dr

aw

dow

n 18

0 fe

et

aft

er

pum

ping

52

ga

l/min

for

4 ho

urs

whe

n drilled.

2/3

/

011

test

used

1n

cro

ss se

ctio

n.

3/

SE

.1.5

D

Scr

eene

d 44

8-48

0 fe

et. J

/2/4

/

SE

.15

WF

Scr

eene

d 70

6-74

6 fe

et.

N U

Flo

ws,

10

-12-

36.

S/

if

N U

Dug

we

ll.

N U

Dug

well.

j_/

5_/

011

test

used

1n

cr

oss

se

ctio

n.

3/

N U

Dug

we

ll.

\J

011

test

used

1n

cr

oss

sect

ion.

3/

Ass

oc.

W.

H.

Ale

xand

er

No.

1

202

J.

R.

Jone

s

See

foo

tno

tes

at

end

of

table

.

1936

2222

Tq

405

21.1

11-

2-36

N

Dug

we

ll.

5/

Table

1.--

Reco

rds

of w

ells

, sp

ring

s, an

d te

st h

oles

1n

Rusk C

ount

y and adjacent a

reas

Con

tinu

ed

Wel

l

WR

-37-

01-2

03 301

401

501

502

601

701

802

803

901

02

-10

1

102

201

202

203

204

205

206

301

302

401

501

601

Ow

ner

or

nam

e

L.

H.

Eva

ns

Leo

Robert

s

Ha

ll W

ood

New

S

alem

W

ater

S

uppl

y C

orp.

Sig

net

Oil

Co.

N

ora

Walk

er

No.

1

Abi

A

nder

son

Leon

ard

San

ger

Carlon

Oil

Co.

N

o.

1B

. B

. Jo

hnso

n

R.

R.

Suc

kner

W.

B.

Moo

re

J.

F.

Low

e

J.

T.

Low

e

J.

H.

Walk

er

La

ne

vill

e

Wat

er

Supply

C

orp

.

J.

S.

Spr

ague

Ro

be

rt

Guy

do.

S.

E.

John

son

Pin

e S

prin

gs

Baptist

Cam

p

John

C

. R

obbi

ns

Will

iam

s N

o.

1

J.

D.

Bla

nto

n

J.

D.

W.

Rid

dle

D.

C.

Ga

rre

tt

Drille

r

-- Alie

n

Lum

ber

Co.

Stu

art

&

Ega

n O

il C

o.

Tria

ng

le

Pum

p &

Sup

ply

Co.

~ Leon

ard

Petr

ole

um

C

o.

_ - Smel

1 ey

Griff

ith

B

roth

ers

Mo

rris

L

an

gfo

rd

Innera

rity

D

rillin

g

Co.

- Clo

vis

G

lenn

Mr.

Fo

x

Key

D

rillin

g

Co.

- W.

Bry

an

Dat

e co

m

ple

ted

1930

1960

1933

1965

1961

1910

1932

1963

1910

1930

1933

1931

1956

1965

1930

~ 1980

1920

1973

1972

1918

- 1900

Dep

th

of

we

ll (f

eet)

20 43

4,3

65

280

4,3

92 38

4,10

0

4,2

67 30 23 202

152

144

500 16 14

156

280

280

6,8

49 16 32 24

Ca

sin

gD

i am

eter

(in

che

s)

36 36 ~ 8 5/8

4 ~ 60 ~ _.

36 36 6 7 6 5

/8

3 1

/2

60 30 2 6 4 ~ 24 36 60

Dep

th

(feet)

19 43 216

280 ~ 38 ~ 30 23 202

152

144

408

491 16 14

156

280

280 16 32 24

Wat

er

be

ar

in

g

unit

Tr

Tr

-- Tq ~ Tr

~ Tr

Tr

Twi

Tc Tc Twi

Tr

Tr

Tc Twi

Twi

Tq Tr

Tr

Altitude

of

land

surf

ace

(f

eet)

455

390

315

428

436

362

270

282

370

302

369

360

400

433

440

420

418

395

492

450

495

395

425

Wat

erA

bove

(+

) o

r be

low

la

nd

surf

ace

(f

eet)

19.3

23.3

3

0.9

F 90

88

.4

34

.3

F 25.1

18

.8

32 F 25

19

.8

144.9

148.7

6.8 5.4

19.9

F

125.

1 130.9

11

.8

29

.0

15.1

leve

ls Dat

e of

mea

sure

m

ent

11-

2-36

9-29

-76

12-

1-78

10-

2-3

3

9-

1-65

3

-19

-81

~ 10

-22

-36

1936

10

-22

-36

10

-22

-36

1933

10

-23

-36

1956

7

-14

-81

5-1

0-7

9

3-3

0-8

1

3-3

1-8

1

4-2

4-8

1

4-2

4-8

1

10

-23

-36

9-2

9-7

6

6-

6-7

9

10-2

2-3

6

10

-27

-36

10-2

3-3

6

Met

hod

of

lift

N JE N SE ~ N N N N N N N SE

.7.5

JE N N N SE ~ N N N

Use

of

wate

r

U D N U ~ U U U U U U U p Irr

U U U P U U U

Rem

arks

Dug

w

ell.

5/

Ope

n-ho

le

com

ple

tion.

Rep

orte

d depth

45

feet. J/4

/

Flo

ws;

dis

charg

e

unre

port

ed,

1933

.

Scr

eene

d 21

7-28

0 fe

et.

R

eport

ed

draw

do

wn

70 f

eet

aft

er

pum

ping

60

g

al/m

in

for

24 h

ou

rs

whe

n drilled.

Co

ntin

uo

us

wate

r-le

vel

reco

rde

d in

sta

lle

d 9-2

9-7

7.

i/I/I/i/

Oil

test

used

in

cr

oss

section.

3/

Dug

w

ell.

5/

Flo

ws;

dis

charg

e

unre

port

ed,

1936

. 1

/5/

Oil

test

used

in

cr

oss

section.

3/

Dug

wel

1 .

1/5

/

Do.

1/5

/

Flo

ws

"2 -in

ch

st

rea

m"

10

-23

-36

. I/

Cas

ing

slo

tte

d

104-1

44 fe

et.

I/

Scr

eene

d 42

1-49

1 fe

et.

Dug

w

ell

used

fo

r w

ate

rin

g

gard

en.

Dug

wel

1 .

Pum

p not

insta

lled at

time

o

f in

ve

nto

ry

Mad

e "g

ood

flo

w"

until

ea

rly

1930

's

whe

n w

ell

was

"s

hut

off

." I/

Scr

eene

d 23

0-28

0 fe

et.

1/2

/4/

Oil

test

used

in

cr

oss

section.

3/

Dug

well.

JJ/

Dug

w

ell.

J./

5/

Dug

we

ll,

conta

ins

hig

hly

m

inera

lized

See

foot

note

s at

end o

f table.

wate

r. 1/

5/

Tab

le

1.--

Rec

ords

of

wells

, sp

rin

gs,

an

d te

st

hole

s in

R

usk

Cou

nty

and

ad

jace

nt

are

as

Contin

ued

Wel

l

WR

-37-

02-6

02 603

604

701

801

802

803

902

903

904

03

-10

1

201

202

301

302

401

402

403

Ow

ner

Driller

or

nam

e

J.

M.

Bry

an

Arc

h Ba

ne

Est

. B

ufor

d W

olve

rton

J.

M.

John

son

Sou

th

Rus

k C

o.

Fry

e D

rillin

g

Co.

Wat

er S

uppl

y C

orp.

Mar

vfn

L.

Gun

ter

Alie

n

Lum

ber

Co.

J.

W.

Dav

is

Key

Drillin

g

Co.

Cra

wfo

rd

Heirs

Exx

on

No.

1

N.

E.T

raw

lck

Gas

U

nit

No.

2

Exx

on

No.

1

N.

E.T

raw

lck

Gas

U

nit

No.

3

Sul

phur

Spr

ings

(Pen

ny

Est

.)

J.

T.

Mel

ton

Mt.

Ente

rprise

Wat

er

Key

Drillin

g

Co.

Sup

ply

Cor

p.

No.

2

Mt.

Ente

rprise

Wat

er

do.

Sup

ply

Cor

p.

No.

3

Mln

den

Sch

ool

Joe

GU

Hsp

le

J.

J.

Thom

pson

J.

S.

Spr

ague

P

eter

son

Abe

Fra

nkl

in

Est

. W

yatt

Vens

on

Sto

ckm

an's

S

prin

g

Dat

e co

m

ple

ted

1880

1980

1900

1975

1970

1975

-- 1973

1973

-- 1979

1979

1960

1930

1900

1918

Spr

ing

Dep

th

of

well

(feet)

20 16 38

1,07

5

820

430 64

8,39

7

7,81

3 55

370

484

192 34 15 16

Cas

ing

Di a

met

er

(inch

es)

36 36 36 8 4 4 4 36 __ 36 10 6 10 6 4 2 36 60 36

5/8

1

1/2

3/4 5/8

3/4 5/8

1/2

Dep

th

(feet)

20 16 38 962

,067 82

0

430 64 __ 55

310

370

414

484

148

192 34 15 16 «

Wat

er

bear

in

g unit

Tr

Tc Tc Twi

Twi

Twi

Tq __ Tq Tc Twi

Twi

Tw1

Tc Tr

Tr

..

Altitu

de

o

f la

nd

surf

ace

(f

eet)

415

408

530

411

600

500

392

508

578

505

500

480

480

502

540

440

385

360

Wat

erA

bove

(+

) o

r be

low

la

nd

surf

ace

(f

ee

t)

13.0

6.8

36.1

150

164

265

250.

125

2. B

178.

3

142.

514

6.6

63.3

__ _ 54.1

120

118.

615

8.4

175

118.

615

8.8

56 58.4

12.2

11.2

«

leve

lsD

ate

of

mea

sure

m

ent

10-2

2-36

11-

2-36

10-2

2-36

7-

-77

5-17

-79

12-1

7-70

9-22

-72

-2-

17-7

37-

14-8

1

9-29

-76

3-19

-81

10-2

7-36

__ __ __ 10-2

2-36

4-17

-79

5-16

-79

4-

1-81

4-16

-79

5-16

-79

4-

3-81

4-

-60

6-

7-79

-- 11-

2-36

11-

3-36

--

Met

hod

Use

of

of

Rem

arks

lift

w

ater

N U

Dug

wel

1 .

5/

N U

Do.

N U

Do.

TE.2

5 P

Scr

eene

d 96

2-1,

067

feet.

Rep

orte

dly

pum

ped

220

gal /

ml n

w

hen

drilled.

2/

N U

Scr

eene

d 63

0-82

0 fe

et.

F

or e

mer

genc

yus

e o

nly

. _l

/4_/

Scr

eene

d 41

0-43

0 fe

et. J

./4

/

Dug

we

ll.

5/

Oil

test

used

In

cr

oss

sect

ion.

3/

Do.

Sp

rin

g.

Deu

ssen

(1

914)

re

port

ed

"la

rge

flow

."

Rep

orte

d dis

charg

e

28 g

al/m

in1-

11-7

8 (G

unna

r B

rune

).

Mea

sure

d d

is

char

ge 8

.5

ga

l/min

an

d m

easu

red

tem

pera

ture

13

.8°C

on

7-1

4-8

1.

I/

N U

Dug

we

ll.

1/5

/

SE

.20

P S

cree

ned

310-

360

feet.

Rep

orte

d dr

aw

dow

n 17

0 fe

et

after

pum

ping

16

0 ga

l/m1n

for

24 h

ours

whe

n drilled.

Drille

d

to51

0 fe

et;

plug

ged

back

to

370

feet.

1/3

/

SE

.20

P S

cree

ned

414-

474

fee

t.

Rep

orte

d dr

aw

down

15

0 fe

et

after

pum

ping

17

5 gal/m

info

r 24

hou

rs

whe

n drilled.

1/2

/3/

SE

.1.5

P

Scr

eene

d 14

8-19

2 fe

et.

JE

D Du

g w

ell.

I/

N U

Dug

we

ll. j

>/

N U

Do.

Sp

rin

g.

Deu

ssen

(1

914)

re

port

ed

"la

rge

(The

lma

Con

rrie

r)

501

Cro

mpt

on

Wat

er

Co.

B

urn

ett

See

foo

tno

tes

at

end

of

table

.

1950

210

210

Tr46

27-

5-6

1

flow

;"

Gun

nar

Bru

ne

(197

8)

report

ed

10

ga

l/min

.

Mea

sure

d flo

w 3

7 gal/m

in

7-5

-61

. D

estr

oyed

. If

Table

1.--Re

cords

of w

ells,

springs, and

test h

oles

in

Ru

sk Co

unty

and

adjacent areas Continued

Wel

l

WR

-37-

03-5

02 503

504

601

701

901

04

-10

3

201

301

401

402

601

801

901

09-2

01

10-1

01

11-1

03 201

202

203

301

12-2

01

See

foo

tno

tes

Ow

ner

or

nam

e

Mt.

Ente

rprise

W

ater

S

uppl

y C

orp.

No

. 1

Mrs

. J.

E.

M

cCra

ry

Mt.

En

terp

rise

G

in

Gulf

Oil

No.

1

W.

F.

Ros

s

D.

W.

Var

den

W.

G.

Ros

s

Rid

ley,

Lo

ckH

n 4

Aga

r N

o.

1 A

l fo

rd-

Ma rk

ey

Pe

ter

Fl e

tc h

er

W.

T.

C.

And

erso

n

Arla

m-C

onco

rd

Wat

er

Sup

ply

Cor

p.

"A"

Ben

Sta

rlin

g

Fre

d A

nder

son

Arla

m-C

onco

rd

Wat

er

Sup

ply

Cor

p.

Arla

m-C

onco

rd

Wat

er

Sup

ply

Cor

p.

No.

4

Anna

S

chultz

John

H

ight

ower

Atla

ntic P

ipelin

e

Co.

H.

L.

Hic

kman

Hic

kman

"i

n-law

s"

Ben

Lang

ford

J.

W.

See

lbac

k

Al 1

ce K

ane

at

end

of

table

.

Drille

r

Tria

ng

le

Pum

p &

Sup

ply

Co.

-- -- D.

W.

Var

den

-- - W.

And

erso

n

Tria

ng

le

Pum

p 4

Sup

ply

Co.

Ben

Sta

rlin

g

Alie

n

Lum

ber

Co.

Lanf

ord

Drilli

ng

do.

Texa

s C

o.

- Layn

e-T

exas

C

o.

Alie

n

Lum

ber

Co.

« Ben

Lang

ford

J.

W.

See

lbac

k

Dic

k W

alla

ce

Dat

e co

m

ple

ted

1965

-- 1934

1963

1908

-- 1962

-- 1928

1965

1916

1973

Co.

19

77

1977

1924

1916

1933

1973

1975

1900

- --

Dep

th

of

we

ll (f

ee

t)

470 22

200

12,3

09 35 54

3,2

10 24 37 435 31 315

610

267

3,0

00 60 395 59 65 37 33 44

Ca

sin

g^

Di a

met

er

(in

che

s)

8 5/8

5 36 11 -- -- 36 -- 36

8 5/8

4 48 4

1/2

2

1/2

8 5/8

4

1/2

12 36

6 4 1/2

36 36 - 36 -

Dep

th

(fe

et)

375

470 22

200 ~ 35 54 24 37 375

435 31

273

305 -- 220

267

3,0

00 60 361

395 59 65 37 33 --

Wat

er

bear

in

g

unit

Twi

Tq Tc -- Qal

Twi

Tw1

Tc Tc Tc Tc Twi

Twi

-- Tc Twi

Tc Tc Twi

Tc Tc

Altitude

of

land

surf

ace

(f

ee

t)

557

525

525

579

342

530

541

480

425

585

425

394

502

398

258

370

390

584

584

460

480

540

Wat

erA

bove

(+

) o

r be

low

la

nd

surf

ace

(f

ee

t)

200

198.5

16.6

10 6.7

29.4

48.6

22

.4

35

.1

98 27

.8

29.1

31.6

-- -- F 58

.4

F F 47

.1

52.0

49

.8

36.9

30

.9

41.2

levels

Dat

e of

mea

sure

m

ent

10

- 9-6

5

4-

3-81

10

-20

-36

1936

3

-30

-42

10-2

1-3

6

10

-20

-36

10-1

9-3

6

10

-19

-36

7-

-65

10

-19

-36

10-

1-76

11-3

0-7

8

-- -- 10-2

6-3

6

10-2

6-3

6

5-

1-33

8

-14

-79

9-2

8-7

6

3-1

9-8

1

9-2

8-7

6

10-2

0-3

6

10-2

0-3

6

10-1

6-3

6

Met

hod

of

lift

SE

.20

N N N N N N N N SE N SE N N -- JE JE N N N

Use

of

wate

r

P U U ~ U U U U U U D -- P U U -- D D U U U

Rem

arks

Scr

eene

d 39

0-47

0 fe

et.

Rep

orte

d dr

aw

dow

n 55

feet

aft

er

pum

ping

200

gal/m

in

for

24 h

ours

whe

n drilled.

Drille

d

to

666

feet;

plug

ged

back

to

470

f e

et . 1

/3/4

7

Dug

wel

1 .

5/

Use

d fo

r ab

out

1 ye

ar.

5/

Oil

test

used

in

cr

oss

sect

ion

.

Dug

wel

1 .

5/

Dug

we

ll.

1/S

/

Oil

test

used

in

cr

oss

sect

ion

. 3

/

Dug

w

ell

. 5

/

Do.

Scr

eene

d 37

5-43

5 fe

et.

R

epor

ted

draw

do

wn

100

fee

t a

fte

r pu

mpi

ng

80 g

al/m

1n

for

24 h

ours

whe

n drilled.

1/2

/3/

Dug

wel

1 .

_l/5

/

Scr

eene

d 28

5-30

5 fe

et. J

./2

/4/

Plu

gged

and

aba

ndon

ed.

3/

Scr

eene

d 22

0-26

2 fe

et.

l/3

_/

Flow

s 1

foo

t ab

ove

land

su

rface

, 19

36;

has

hydr

ogen

sulfid

e

odor

. 1

/5/

Dug

we

ll. J/5

/

Scr

eene

d 37

2-39

5 fe

et.

1/2

/

For

mer

ly W

R-3

7-11

-101

. 1/

4 /

For

mer

ly W

R-3

7-11

-102

. I/

Dug

wel

1 .

5/

Do.

Do.

Tab

le

1.--

Rec

ords

o

f w

ells

, sp

rin

gs,

an

d te

st

hole

s in

R

usk

Cou

nty

and

ad

jace

nt

are

as

Co

ntin

ue

d

Dat

e W

ell

Ow

ner

Drille

r co

rn

er

nam

e ple

ted

WR

-37-

12-3

02

Arla

m-C

onco

rd W

ater

T

riangle

Pu

mp

« 19

65S

uppl

y C

orp.

S

uppl

y C

o.

303

Mrs

. S.

F.

G

arr

ison

1900

304

Joyc

e D

orr

is

Snap

C

otto

n 19

36

13-1

01

T.

M.

Pitt

man

Ke

y D

rilli

ng

C

o.

1970

102

Jess

ie

Low

e do

. 19

79

Che

roke

e C

ount

yD

J-37

-09-

101

Rek

law

Wat

er S

uppl

y In

ne

rarlty

D

rillin

g

--C

orp.

N

o.

2 C

o.

102

Rek

law

Wat

er S

uppl

y W

est

Texa

s T

ool

Co.

19

65C

orp.

N

o.

1

Gre

gg C

ount

y K

U-3

5-33

-91Z

M

agno

lia

L.

A.

1946

Griffin

N

o.

30

36-7

02

Ca

rte

r Jo

nes

«

1955

Drilli

ng

C

o.

No.

1

T.

B.

Stln

chco

mb

Nac

ogdo

ches

Cou

nty

TX

-37-

11-5

04

Exx

on

(Hum

ble)

N

o.

1 --

19

49M

ary

R.

San

er,

Hol

e 2

601

Exx

on

(Mum

ble)

1953

Traw

l ck

Gas

U

nit

No.

46

Pan

ola

Cou

nty

UL-

35-4

4-60

Z

City

o

f Ta

tum

No.

2

Tran

ham

Drillin

g

1957

Co.

603

TIPC

O

do.

1959

Sm

ith C

ount

yX

H-3

5-41

-701

C

ity of

Ove

rton

R.

I.

C

liffo

rd

1956

No.

5

Dep

th

of

well

(feet)

310 46 48 365

385

138

639

3,60

5

7,16

5

8,26

4

8,16

6

567

567

290

Cas

ing

Wat

erD

i am

eter

(in

ches)

8 5/

84 __ 26 4 4 8

5/8

5 8 5/

84

1/2

__ __ 10 3

/4

10 3

/4

16 10

Dep

th

bear

- (f

eet)

in

g u

nit

260

Twi

310 46

Tw

i

48

Twi

365

Tw1

385

Twi

82

Tc13

8

530

Twi

639 .. _.

__ 567

Twi

567

Twi

190

Twi

290

Altitu

de

o

f la

nd

surf

ace

(f

eet)

400

380

400

380

340

300

300

360

343

391 _ 280

280

458

Wat

erA

bove

(+

) or

belo

w

land

su

rface

(f

ee

t)

90 43.0

42.1

40.8

101.

8

180 47

.748

.4

30 31.8

__ 36 67.0

120.

614

2.3

leve

lsD

ate

of

mea

sure

m

ent

8-10

-65

10-1

3-36

4-20

-81

4-20

-81

7-13

-81

12-2

9-79

12-1

5-70

4-

2-81

5-

-65

4-

2-81

__ __ 5-17

-79

4-

1-81

1-13

-60

5-

9-79

Met

hod

Use

o

f of

Rem

arks

lift

w

ater

SE

.5

P S

cree

ned

260-

310

feet.

Rep

orte

d dr

aw

dow

n 70

fe

et

aft

er

pum

ping

80

gal/m

inw

hen

drilled.

.1/2

/3/

N U

Dug

wel

1 .

N Ir

r D

o.

SE

.0.7

5 D

Scr

eene

d 34

7-36

5 fe

et.

D S

cree

ned

365-

385

fee

t.

5/

TE.1

0 P

Scr

eene

d 86

-138

feet.

Rep

orte

d dr

aw

down

9

,4 f

eet

after

pum

ping

43

gal/m

in5-

18-7

1. _

l/4/

SE

P S

cree

ned

530-

624

feet.

R

epor

ted

draw

do

wn

10.5

feet

ate

r pu

mpi

ng

75 g

al/m

in5-1

8-7

1.

1/4

/

Oil

test

used

In

cr

oss

sect

ion.

3/

Do.

Do.

Do.

TE

.40

P O

ne o

f tw

o in

dustr

ial

wells

o

rig

ina

llyow

ned

by T

IPC

O.

One

was

pu

rcha

sed

byth

e C

ity o

f Ta

tum

and

con

vert

ed to

public

su

pp

ly.

N N

Do.

TE

P S

cree

ned

200-

280

fee

t.

Dra

wdo

wn

51fe

et

aft

er

pum

ping

350

gal/m

in

whe

nd

rille

d.

3J

I/ F

or c

hem

ical

an

alys

es o

f w

ate

r fr

om w

ells

, se

e ta

ble

s 4a

or

4b.

7/

For

drille

rs'

log

s o

f w

ells

, se

e ta

ble

2.

T/

Ele

ctr

ical

log

s In

file

s o

f th

e U

.S.

Geo

logi

cal

Sur

vey

and

Texa

s D

epar

tmen

t of

Wat

er

Res

ourc

es,

Au

stin

, T

exas

. 4/

For

additi

onal

wate

r le

vels

, se

e ta

ble

3.

F

/ O

rig

ina

lly in

ven

torie

d

by

Uyl

e (1

937)

; lo

ca

tio

n

and

altitude

are

ap

pro

xim

ate

.

Table 2.--Drillers' logs of selected wells in Rusk County

Thickness(feet)

Well WR-3 5-41 -304Owner: White Oak Water Supply

Driller: Layne-Texas Co

Surface soil

Clay

Sand

Clay

Shale

Sand

Shale

Rock

Shale

Sand

Shale

Rock

Shale

Sandy shale

Rock

Shale and boulders

Shale and layers of sand

Hard shale

Shale and lignite

Sand

Sandy shale

Sand

Sandy shale

Sand

Shale

Well WR-35-41-505Owner: Gulf Pipeline Co.

Corp.

4

3-

15

32

5

8

33

2

16

18

4

1

13

9

2

25

23

20

29

15

8

16

45

94

4

>

Depth(feet )

4

7

22

54

59

67

100

102

118

136

140

141

154

163

165

190

213

233

262

277

285

301

346

440

444

Thickness(feet )

Well WR-35-41-505 Cont

Rock

Sticky shale

Rock

Sand and boulders

Hard sand rock

Rock

Sandy shale

Rock

Sandy shale

Rock

Sand

Sandy shale

Hard shale

Shale and boulders

Hard sand rock

Sand

Lignite and sand streaks

Lignite

Sandy shale

Lignite

Sandy shale

Hard sand rock

Shale

Sandy shale

Sand and shale

Gumbo

Shale

Sticky shale

1

27

2

9

9

2

8

1

7

1

64

14

7

23

15

15

10

23

23

4

48

6

14

10

112

10

20

20

Depth(feet

76

103

105

114

123

125

133

134

141

142

206

220

227

250

265

280

290

313

336

340

388

394

408

418

530

540

560

580Driller: Benson Drilling Co.

Surface soil

Sand

Shale

Sandy shale

20

25

13

17

20

45

58

75

Packsand

Gray sand

Hard Sand

Sand

8

17

25

60

588

605

630

690

-85-

Table 2.--Drillers' logs of selected wells in Rusk County Continued

Thickness(feet )

Well WR-35-41-505--Cont

Rock

Gumbo

Sandy shale

Sand and lignite

Lignite

Sand

Broken sand and lignite

Gumbo

Rock

Sand and lignite

Rock

Sand

Gumbo

WR.35-41-708

.

4

10

64.

22

16

12

32

5

5

20

6

144

3

Depth(feet )

694

704

768

790

806

818

850

855

860

880

886

1,030

1,033

Owner: Missouri Pacific RailroadDriller: Pomeroy Drilling

Surface clay and sand

Water sand

Clay

Packed sand and boulders

Clay

Rock

Packed sand

Sand and shale

Shale

Rock

Packed sand

Hard sandy shale

Rock

Sand and boulders

Sandy shale

Sand

Sand and boulders

Co.

18

17

15

27

34

2

18

7

15

2

4

10

1

33

16

30

51

18

35

50

77

111

113

131

138

153

155

159

169

170

203

219

249

300

Thickness(feet )

Well WR-35-41-708--Cont,

Fine sand

Sand and boulders

Packed sand

Sand

Sand and shale

Sand and boulders

Hard shale

Packed sand

Sand and boulders

Shale

Sand and boulders

Sand and 1 ignite

Hard shale

Sand, boulders, and lignite

Gumbo

Rock

Hard shale

Sand and shale

Sand and boulders

Sand and shale

Sand and boulders

Shale

Sand

Shale

Hard sand

Sand

Packed sand

Sand

Gumbo

10

17

5

13

11

5

10

9

23

14

23

20

38

32

7

1

22

20

20

10

13

15

5

19

22

10

11

65

1

Depth(feet

310

327

332

345

356

361

371

380

403

417

440

460

498

530

537

538

560

580

600

610

623

638

643

662

684

694

705

770

771

-86-


Thickness

Well WR-35-41-809

(feet)Depth(feet)

Thickness(feet )

Depth(feet;

Well WR-35-41-809--Cont.Owner: City of Overton

Driller: Layne- Texas

Topsoil

Red clay

Sand

Shale

Sandy shale and sand streaks

Sand and sandy shale streaks

Sandy shale with sand and shalestreaks

Rock

Shale

Rock

Shale

Rock

Sandy shale

Rock

Shale

Lignite

Rock

Sandy shale

Rock

Sandy shale

Rock

Shale

Sand

Rock

Sand

Rock and sandy shale

Sand with lignite streaks

Shale, sandy shale with lignitestreaks

Sand

Sand with shale streaks

Co.

2

20.

3

10

9

10

58

1

6

1

23

1

2

2

6

1

1

1

1

2

1

3

2

1

9

2

18

4

16

7

2

22

25

35

44

54

112

113

119

120

143

144

146

148

154

155

156

157

158

160

161

164

166

167

176

178

196

200

216

223

Sand

Shale and sandy shale streaks

Rock

Sandy shale with sand and lignitestreaks


Shale with lignite streaks

Sand


Sand, sandy shale with shalestreaks

Sandy shale with shale streaks

Shale

Sandy with shale streaks

Rock

Shale

Sand

Sandy shale

Shale and sandy shale


Sandy shale with shale layers

Hard shale

Rock

Hard shale

Sand and sandy shale

Shale with sandy streaks

Shale with lignite streaks

Shale with sandy shale

Shale with sandy shale layers

Rock

Shale

75

12

1

24

26

63

5

34

93

44

8

9

3

12

2

3

29

3

20

1

1

6

105

6

24

4

50

1

13

298

310

311

335

361

424

429

463

556

600

608

617

620

632

634

637

666

669

689

690

691

697

802

808

832

836

886

887

900

-87-


Thickness Depth(feet) (feet)

Well WR-35-42-401

Thickness Depth(feet) (feet

Well WR-35-43-501 Cont.Owner: Jacobs Water Supply Corp. No. 2

Driller: Layne- Texas Co.

Surface soil

Sandy clay

Sand and sandstone streaks

Sandy clay

Sandy clay

Sand (good)

Lignite

Sandy clay and lignite streaks

Sandy clay and sand streaks

Clay

Sand (fair)


Sand (poor)



Sand (broken)

Sand (good)

Rock

Sandy clay and rock streaks

Sand (broken)

Sand and clay streaks

Clay

Well WR-35-43-501Owner: R. C. Walling

Driller: Howeth Water Well

Red clay

White clay

Gray clay

Sandy

Sand

Clay

Sand

2

18

8

38

19

90

3

58

42

47

73

34

10

33

43

6

27

3

10

21

14

15

Service

12

8

12

8

47

3

3

2

20

28

66

85

175

178

236

278

325

398

432

442

475

518

524

551

554

564

585

599

614

12

20

32

40

87

90

93

Cl ay 87

Sandy 30

Cl ay 10

Well WR-35-44-101Owner: Boy Scouts of America, Camp Kennedy

Driller: Layne- Texas Co.

Surface sand 2

Clay and sandy clay 19

Sand and some gravel 31

Fine quicksand 16

Gray clay and sand 27

Shale and sand 77

Sand and shale 24

Shale and sand streaks 23

Gray sand rock 2

Soft gray shale and sandy shale 19

Sand rock 1

Gray shale, few sand and rock1 ayers 59

Shale and sand 23

Sand, shale, and sandy shale 11

Sand, broken, with shale layers 12

Coarse gray sand and few shalebreaks 15

Sand, soft shale, and lignitebreaks 30

Sand, soft shale, and lignitebreaks 27

Hard sand rock 3

Well WR- 3 5-44- 501Owner: Crystal Farms Water Supply Corp.

Driller: Frye Drilling Co.

Topsoil and white sand 22

Rocky shale and lignite 18

Shale, thin rocks 40

180

210

220

2

21

52

68

95

172

196

219

221

240

241

300

323

334

346

361

391

418

421

22

40

80

-88-


Thickness (feet)

Well WR-3 5-44- 501- -Cont,

Gray shale

Blue shale

Blue shale, lignite

shale and sand

Sand, shale, and rock

Shale and sand

Sand and shale

Rock sand and shale

Shale and rock

Sand

Rock and good sand

Shale and good sand

Good sand and rock

Well WR-35-44-801Owner: Texas Utilities Services,

Martin Lake PlantDriller: Layne- Texas Co.

Iron rock and red sandy clay

Gray sandy clay

Lignite

Sandy shale, sand streaks, andlignite streaks

Lignite

Sand with lignite and shale

Sandy shale

Sand, lignite streaks, and shale

Shale, sandy shale, and lignitestreaks

Shale with sand streaks

Sand and shale layers

Rock

Sand (cut good)

Rock

Sand (cut good)

Depth (feet)

Thickness Depth (feet) (feet!

Well WR-35-44-801--Cont.

21

20

41.

21

25

16

82

20

21

20

21

20

10

Inc.,

7

16

2

41

7

2

3

11

34

29

25

1

16

1

35

101

121

162

183

208

224

306

326

347

367

388

408

418

No. 1

7

23

25

66

73

75

78

89

123

152

177

178

194

195

230

Rock (hard)

Sand

Sand and shale streaks

Rock (hard)

Sand

Rock (hard)


Sandy shale, shale streaks, andlignite

Sand with shale layers


Sand, lignite, and shale streaks

Sand

Sand and shale (broken)


Sand

Sand with streaks of shalelignite (cut good)

Sandy shale

Well WR-3 5-49-206Owner: Cities Service Co. water

4

8

13

1

3

6

56

11

62

66

14

114

12

41

28

31

39

supply

234

242

255

256

259

265

321

332

394

460

474

588

600

641

669

700

739

wel 1No. 1, Wheel is Lease

Driller: Layne- Texas

Top sand

Red clay and shale

Sandy shale, shale streaks, andgravel

Rock (hard)

Shale

Sandy shale

Rock (hard)

Sand shale and shale

Rock

Sandy shale

Co.

6

7

35

1

32

17

1

10

1

3

6

13

48

49

81

98

99

109

110

113

-89-


Well WR-35-49-206

Sand, sandy shale streaks, and shale layers

Sand (cut good, coarse)

Shale, lignite, and sandy shale

Fine sand and sandy shale

Sand shale, lignite

Rock (hard)

Sandy shale and sand (broken)

Sandy shale and shale streaks (cut good)

Sandy shale and lignite, mixed

Sand and sandy shale (cut good)


Sand and sandy shale streaks

Shale and sandy shale (cut hard)

Sand

Rock (hard)


Sandy shale

Sand



Sandy shale


Sandy shale and lignite streaks

Sand


Sand and sandy shale (broken layers)


Sand and sandy shale and lignite

Sand

Sandy shale, lignite, and sand streaks

Thickness(feet)

Cont.

48

77

52

11

28

4

25

25

61

37

42

16

86

5

2

19

6

8

9

27

9

19

8

4

29

Depth(feet )

161

238

290

301

329

333

358

383

444

481

523

539

625

630

632

651

657

665

674

701

710

729

737

741

770

Thickness(feet )

Well WR-35-49-206 Cont.

Sand, sandy shale, and lignite(broken)

Sand and lignite streaks (cutgood)

Sandy shale, sand, and lignitestreaks

Sand




Rock

Sandy shale, shale, and lignitestreaks

Rock

Sandy shale, sand layers, andlignite streaks

Sand

Sandy shale

Well WR-35-49-601Owner: Gaston Water Supply Corp

Drilling: Edington Drilling

Clay

Shale

Sand

Shale

Sand

Shale

Sand, 185 - rock

Shale rock

21

27

29

14

14

11

7

1

24

1

22

5

5

. No.Co.

22

41

20

21

28

34

20

21

Shale 10232

15

6

8

9

802

817

823

831

840

Sand shale

Shale

Sand

Shale

Sand

21

21

15

66

20

Depth(feet

801

888

917

931

945

956

963

964

988

989

1,011

1,016

1,021

1

22

63

83

104

132

166

186

207

309

330

351

366

432

452

-90-

Table Z. --Drillers' logs of selected wells in Rusk County Continued

Thickness Depth(feet) (feet )

Well WR-3 5-49-60 l--Cont.

Sand shale

Shale

Rock

Sand

Shale

Shale rock

Shale

Shale rock

Shale

Well WR-35-50-206Owner: Burris Dorsey

Driller: White Drilling

Red, white, and yellow clay

Tan shale

White sand, some shale streaks

Lignite

Gray sticky shale

Sandy shale

Gray sticky shale

Gray brittle shale

Gray sticky shale

Gray sandy shale with heavylignite

Gray sticky shale

Brown shale and lignite

Gray sand

Brown and gray shale with somelignite

Sandy shale

Brown sticky shale

21

9

18

18

16

21

61

21

21

Co.

7

20

37

12

4

4

11

6

15

11

10

14

2

5

10

8

473

482

500

518

534

555

616

637

1/658

7

27

64

76

80

84

95

101

116

127

137

151

153

158

168

176

Thickness Depth

Well WR-35-50-502Owner: City of Henderson

(feet) (

No. 16

feet)

(formerly White Oak Water Co.)Driller: Layne- Texas

Surface soil and sand

Gray clay

Gray sand and lignite

Gray shale and lignite streaks

Gray sand and lignite streaks

Shale, sand, and limestone streaks

Sandy shale

Sand and shale

Shale, sand streaks, and lignite

Sand and shale

Shale and lignite


Sand, thin shale layers

Sand and shale

Shale


Sand and shale layers (cut good)

Shale and sand layers


Sand and shale streaks (cut good)

Sand (cut good)

Sandy shale and shale layers

Shale and sand streaks



Well WR-35-50-601Owner: Texas Highway R.

Co.

10

18

9

19

14

18

6

3

25

12

30

14

11

9

15

30

12

18

14

15

62

6

22

10

8

O.W.

10

28

37

56

70

88

94

97

122

134

164

178

189

198

213

243

255

273

287

302

370

370

392

402

410

Driller: Works Progress AdministrationGray sticky shale

Shale with thin lignite streak

Sandy shale

Gray sand

20

2

3

14

196

198

201

215

Surface soil

Sand rock

Yellow and red clay

Yellow clay

3.5

.5

2

1

3.5

4

6

7\J Well is deeper, but driller omitted bottom portion of log.

-91-

Table 2. --Drillers' logs of selected wells in Rusk County Continued

Thickness(feet)

Depth(feet )


Red clay

Yellow sandy clay

Yellow and red sandy clay

Yellow sandy clay

Orange sandy clay

Yellowish-orange sandy clay

White clay

Red and white clay

White sandy clay

Red and white sandy clay

White sandy clay

Gumbo

Yellow sandy clay

White sandy clay

Yellow and white sandy clay

White sandy clay

Well WR-35-50-901Owner: City of Henderson

Driller: Layne-Texas

Clay

Yellow sand

Sandy shale

Shale and lignite

Fine-grained sand

Sandy shale and lignite

Fine-grained sand

Shale and lignite

Sand

Rock

Sandy shale

Shale

Gray sand

Shale

1

2

1

1

1

6

1

1

2

1

1

2

1

1

1

1

No. 4Co.

10

10

80

45

15

92

10

33

20

1

49

35

12

15

8

10

11

12

13

19

20

21

23

24

25

27

28

29

30

31

10

20

100

145

160

252

262

295

315

316

365

400

412

427

Thickness Depth(feet ) (feet ]


Sand

Shale

Sand

Brown shale and lignite

Well 35-50-907Owner: City of Henderson No. 13,

Driller: Layne-Texas

Sandy soil

Sandy clay

Sand

Clay and lignite

Sand

Gray shale, sand and lignite


Shale and sand layers

Brown and gray shale and lignite



Sandy shale


Sand and shale

Rock


Sandy shale


Sand



Sand, thin shale layers

Rock

Sand and hard streaks

Shale and lignite


52

3

78

23

James OwenCo.

2

10

5

53

6

111

36

27

38

8

8

12

58

9

1

17

10

27

6

29

22

20

5

51

19

91

479

482

560

583

well

2

12

17

70

76

187

223

250

288

296

304

316

374

383

384

401

411

438

444

473

495

515

520

571

590

681

-92-



Shale



Well WR-35-51-101Owner: New Prospect Water Supply Corp.

Driller: Layne-Texas Co.

Topsoil

Clay

Rock

Clay and sand streaks

Clay, sandy shale and rock


Rock


Rock

Shale

Sand, sandy shale and lignite

Rock

Sand

Lignite



Shale


Lignite


Sand and shale


Rock

Sand and shale (hard)

Rock

Sand and shale (hard)

Sand, lignite, and shale

Thickness Depth(feet) (feet)

Thickness(feet )

Depth(feet

:ont. Well WR-35-51-101--Cont.

11

8

14-

ily Corp.Co.

1

15

2

3

12

20

3

10

2

4

15

1

5

2

17

16

8

17

6

23

12

40

1

38

1

21

39

692

700

714

No. 2

1

16

18

21

33

53

56

66

68

72

87

88

93

95

112

128

136

153

159

182

194

234

235

273

274

295

334

Shale

Sand (fine)

Sandy shale and sand layers

Sand, shale, and lignite

Rock

Sand, shale, and lignite streaks

Shale

Sand and shale streaks (coarse)



Shale, sandy shale, and sandstreaks

Sand, shale, and lignite streaks

Shale and rock layers (hard)

Sand (fine)

Lignite

Shale and lignite

Well WR-35-51-502Owner: Church Hill Water Supply


Red and white clay

Sand

Clay

Sand

Clay

Sand

Clay

Sand

Coal , clay, and sand

Sand, streaked

Clay

Sandy

Clay

30

12

4

61

1

50

2

22

18

10

29

11

34

7

3

6

Corp. No.Service

20

20

76

24

40

12

208

40

24

44

42

30

30

364

376

380

441

442

492

494

516

534

544

573

584

618

625

628

634

2

20

40

116

140

180

192

400

440

464

508

550

580

610

-93-


Thickness (feet )

Depth (feet;

Well WR-35- 52-101 Owner: Eve! Faulkner

Driller: Howeth Water Well Service

White-yellow clay

Sand clay

Clay

Sand clay

Dark clay

Coal

Clay

Sand

Clay

Coal

Clay

Sand

Clay

Sand

Clay

Well WR-35- 52-701 Owner: H. H. Truelock


Clay

Sand, streaked

Clay

Coal

Clay

Sand, streaked

Clay

Sand

Clay

21

3

4

7

13

7

7

6

33

2

7

3

61

14

4

Service

30

15

30

9

16

15

155

26

6

Well WR-35-57-203 Owner: Amoco Production Co. No. 3, Siler

Driller: Layne-Texas Co.

Topsoil

Sand

2

22

21

24

28

35

48

55

62

68

101

103

110

113

174

188

192

30

45

75

84

100

115

270

296

302

Lease

2

24

Well-WR-35-57-20 3-

Sandy shale and lignite

Sand

Sand and gravel


Sand


Sand

Shale

Sand and lignite

Sandy shale

Sand, lignite, and shale streaks



Rock

Sandy shale

Sand

Shale




Sand


Sand

Rock


Sandy shale


Rock

Sand

Rock

Shale

Rock

Thickness (feet )

Cont .

38

5

35

18

5

35

13

11

10

74

33

25

39

1

19

6

13

26

23

18

8

25

8

1

5

17

15

1

34

2

2

2

Depth (feet;

62

67

102

120

125

160

173

184

194

268

301

326

365

366

385

391

404

430

453

471

479

504

512

513

518

535

550

551

584

586

588

590

-94-


Sand

Shale

Sand

Shale

Sand

Rock

Shale

Sand

Shale

Sand

Shale

Sandy

Sand

Shale

Sand

Rock

Shale

Sand

Shale

Sand

Sandy

Shale

Sand

Sand

Shale

Rock

Sand

Sandy

Sand

Rock

Sand

Sandy

Shale

Thickness(feet)


16

7

and shale layers 39

3

and lignite layers 23

1

5

and shale streaks 15

12

38

11

shale with lignite 60

and shale layers 60

19

6

1

2

2

9

19

shale 11

14

and sandy shale 22

23

5

2


shale 12


3

and shale layers 34

shale and sand streaks 21

10

Depth(feet)

606

613

652

655

678

679

684

699

711

749

760

820

880

899

905

906

908

910

919

938

949

963

985

1,008

1,013

1,015

1,040

1,052

1,067

1,070

1,104

1,125

1,135

Thickness(feet )

Well WR-35-57-901Owner: W. A. Whitehead

Driller: White Drilling Co.

Brown, tan, and yellow clay withgravel 20

Brown and gray shale 35

Gray sand 45

Gray shale and lignite 50

Lignite 15

Gray sand 5

Gray shale with heavy lignite 40

Gray sand with heavy lignite 20

Gray shale and lignite 40

Gray sand 45

Well WR-35-58-102Owner: Goodsprings Water Supply Corp.

Driller: Edington Drilling Co.

Cl ay 22

Sand 48

Shale 70

Sandy shale 41

Shale 9

Sand 11

Shale 61

Sand 8

Shale 54

Sand 20

Shale 41

Shale and rock layers 20

Shale 82

Sand 82

Shale 20

Shale 14

Sand 7

Shale and sandy shale 20

Shale 7

Depth(feet;

20

55

100

150

165

170

210

230

270

315

22

70

140

186

195

206

267

275

329

349

390

410

492

574

594

608

615

635

642-95-


Thickness(feet)


Sand

Shale

Well WR-35- 59-803Owner: Mobil Oil Corp. No.Driller: Edington Drilling

Surface clay and sand

Gray shale

Rock

Gray shale

Gray sand

Gray shale

Gray sand

Gray shale

Fine white sand

Gray sandy shale

Gray shale

Well WR-35-59-902Owner: J. G. Spradlin

.

8

6

3Co.

25

108

1

13

43

161

41

263

65

44

11

Depth(feet )

650

656

25

133

134

147

190

351

392

655

720

764

775

Thickness Depth(feet ) (feet !

Well

Sandy shale and shale

Sand, brown and yellow

Shale, blue, hard

Sandy shale and sand,

Sand, white and gray,

Sandy shale and sand

Sand streaks and sandy

Sand, fine

Shale

Shale, blue and black

WellOwner: Pine

Driller:

Clay

Sand

Shale

Sand

Shale

WR-37-01-901--Cont.

100

28

22

fine 16

coarse 24

30

shale 100

20

10

83

WR-37 -02-301Springs Baptist CampKey Drilling Co.

30

41

14

25

5

180

208

230

246

270

300

400

420

430

513

30

71

85

110

115Driller: Howeth Water Well Service

Red and yellow clay

Clay

Sandy

Clay

Sand

Clay

Sandy bed

Clay

Sand streaks

Well WR-37-01-501Owner: New Salem Water Supply

20

20

19

47

14

178

77

73

32

Corp.

20

40

59

106

120

298

375

448

480

Sand

Shale

Sand

Sandy shale

Sand

WellOwner: South Rusk

Driller:

25

20

35

35

90

WR-37 -02-701County Water Supply Corp,Frye Drilling Co.

Topsoil, sandy clay, shale 60

Blue shale

Broken shale, blue

Sand

320

24

34

140

160

195

230

280

60

380

404

438Driller: Triangle Pump & Supply Co.

Clay and sand

Clay and rock, red

Sand, fine, white

5

25

50

5

30

80

Tight shale, blue

Sand and rocky sand

Hard shale, some rock

68

4

88

906

510

598

-96-


Thickness (feet)


Hard pa eked sand

Sand, shale, hardpacked

Sand

Shale

Hardpacked sand

Streaky sand and shale

Good sand

Shale

.

12

74

70-

86

30

90

110

5

Well WR-37-03-202 Owner: Mount Enterprise Water Supply Corp.

Driller: Key Drilling Co.

Sand

Shale

Sand

Sandy shale

Sand

Shale

Sand

Sandy shale

Sand

Sandy shale

126

18

10

48

36

72

50

54

60

10

Well WR-37 -04-401 Owner: Ar lam-Concord Water Supply Corp. "

Driller: Triangle Pump & Supply Co.

Sand and clay 20

Sandy shale, clay 26

Rock, red

Rock

Lignite

Sand

Shale

Rock


3

54

25

32

38

1

101

Depth (feet )

610

684

754

840

870

960

1,070

1,075

No. 3

126

144

154

202

238

310

360

414

474

484

A"

20

46

49

103

128

160

198

199

300

Thickness (feet)

Well WR-37 -04-401--Cont

Sand, fine, white, gray

Shale

Sand

Shale

Sand, fine, white

Shale, black and dark blue

Well WR-37 -04-601 Owner: Fred Anderson

Driller: Alien Lumber Co

Red clay

Gray clay

Brown shale

Gray shale

Dark sand

Shale

Dark sand

Shale

White sand

Shale

Sand

Shale

Sand stringers

Sand

Sand stringers

Shale

Well WR- 37-11-103 Owner: Atlantic Pipeline

Driller: Layne- Texas Co

Sand

Clay

Blue shale

Rock

Shale

.

170

30

20

20

20

65

3

4

13

37

3

3

7

13

17

80

9

29

44

23

25

5

Co.

3

22

45

1

23

Depth (feet

470

500

520

540

560

625

3

7

20

57

60

63

70

83

100

180

189

218

262

285

310

315

3

25

70

71

94

-97-


Thickness Depth (feet) (feet]

Well WR-37-ll-103--Cont.

Rock 3 97

Blue shale, hard streaks, sand and lignite 100 197

Hard shale 73 270

Shale 54 324

Rock 1 325

Shale 47 372

Sand 23 395

Well WR-37-12-302Owner: Arlam-Concord Water Supply Corp.

Driller: Triangle Pump & Supply Co.

Clay and sand 7 7

Sand, white, fine 63 70

Sandy shale 40 110

Shale 20 130

Sand, real fine, white 90 220

Sand streaks and sandy shale 50 270

Sand, coarse gray and white 60 330

Shale 40 370

Sand 60 430

Sand and shale streaks 178 608

-98-

Table 3.--Water levels in wells in Rusk and Cherokee Counties

(Water levels in feet below land surface; total depth indicates depth to which well is drilled or depth to which casing is set, if known)

RUSK COUNTY

WaterDate 1 evel

Well WR- 35-41-501Owner: Leveretts Chapel SchoolAltitude: 478 feetTotal depth: 449 feetAquifer: Wilcox

Mar. 3, 1947 222

Sept. 21, 1972 175.2

Feb. 7, 1974 174.9

Feb. 12, 1975 175.0

Dec. 12, 1975 174.8

Dec. 7, 1976 174.9

Dec. 16, 1977 176.0

Mar. 9, 1979 179.4

Mar. 19, 1981 178.4

Well WR-35-41-509Owner: Shell Oil Co., W. P. MooreAltitude: 420 feetTotal depth: 369 feetAquifer: Carrizo-Wilcox

1931 50

Aug. 25, 1937 71.0

Jan. 27, 1938 61.4

June 10, 1938 63.8

Oct. 6, 1938 65.8

Feb. 7, 1939 60.0

May 5, 1939 61.3

July 19, 1939 61.3

Dec. 11, 1939 61.2

Apr. 4, 1940 57.9

July 12, 1940 57.6

Nov. 26, 1940 54.0

Oct. 6, 1941 53.1

WaterDate level

Well WR-35-41-510Owner: W. P. MooreAltitude: 440 feetTotal depth: 33 feetAquifer: Reklaw Formation

Aug. 25, 1937 13.5

Jan. 27, 1938 12.0

June 10, 1938 10.3

Oct. 6, 1938 13.0

Feb. 7, 1939 11.3

May 5, 1939 10.0

July 18, 1939 13.0

Dec. 11, 1939 14.1

Apr. 4, 1940 13.0

July 12, 1940 13.2

Nov. 26, 1940 12.9

Well WR-35-41-601Owner: Maria RedicAltitude: 440 feetTotal depth: 90 feetAquifer: Carrizo Sand

Sept. 21, 1972 71.4

Feb. 17, 1973 46.1

Feb. 7, 1974 30.9

Feb. 12, 1975 17.1

Dec. 2, 1975 66.3

Dec. 7, 1976 39.1

Dec. 16, 1977 64.4

Nov. 30, 1978 69.3

Mar. 19, 1981 69.4

Well WR-35-41-705Owner: City of Overton No. 1Altitude: 489 feetTotal depth: 889 feetAquifer: Wilcox

Mar. 19, 1936 148.8

Aug. 25, 1937 164.8

-99-

WaterDate level


June 10, 1938 165.7

Feb. 7, 1939 147.8

May 5, 1939 148.0

July 19, 1939 153.5

Dec. 11, 1939 148.5

Apr. 5, 1940 144.0

July 12, 1940 148.5

Nov. 26, 1940 142.9

Nov. 26, 1941 141.4

Well WR-35-41-707Owner: Overton Ice Co.Altitude: 498 feetTotal depth: 360 feetAquifer: Carrlzo-Wilcox

Nov. 25, 1931 145.7

Mar. 18, 1936 161.5

Jan. 27, 1938 166.6

Dec. 11, 1939 156.0

Mar. 5, 1940 151.7

Nov. 26, 1940 149.5

Well WR- 35-42-801Owner: Kenneth SmithAltitude: 440 feetTotal depth: 67 feetAquifer: Carrizo

Sept. 21, 1972 62.3

Feb. 18, 1973 61.6

Feb. 7, 1974 56.3

Feb. 12, 1975 55.7

Dec. 2, 1975 55.7

Dec. 7, 1976 57.4

Dec. 16, 1977 57.8

Mar. 19, 1981 60.7

Table 3. Water levels in wells in Rusk and Cherokee Counties Continued

DateWater level Date

Water level Date

Water level

Well WR-35-43-501 Owner: R. C. Walling Altitude: 398 feet Total depth: 211 feet Aquifer: Wilcox

Oct. 1, 1976 54.2

Dec. 7, 1976 54.2

Dec. 16, 1977 54.8

Mar. 3, 1981 56.1

Well WR-35-43-601 Owner: Francis Wheeler Altitude: 400 feet Depth: 54 feet Aquifer: Carrizo

Sept. 26, 1972 49.8

Feb. 16, 1973 48.7

Feb. 7, 1974 43.9

Feb. 12, 1975 43.8

Dec. 2, 1975 45.1

Dec. 7, 1976 46.5

Dec. 16, 1977 47.8

NDV. 29, 1978 48.7

Mar. 3, 1981 47.0

Well WR-35-44-401 Owner: Greer and Snow

(Mayflower School) Altitude: 354 feet Aquifer: Wilcox

Sept. 26, 1972 94.0

Feb. 16, 1973 79.9

Feb. 7, 1974 91.9

Dec. 12, 1975 91.1

Well WR-35-44-402 Owner: James M. Forgotson Altitude: 360 feet Total depth: 295 feet Aquifer: Wilcox

Oct. 12, 1971 100


Feb. 7, 1974 80.8

Feb. 12, 1975 79.8

Dec. 2, 1975 79.6

Dec. 7, 1976 79.1

Dec. 16, 1977 79.8

NDV. 29, 1978 81.1

June 5, 1979 87.7

Well WR-35-44-601 Owner: City of Tatum ND . 1 Altitude: 295 feet Total depth: 438 feet Aquifer: Wilcox

Mar. 4, 1939 39

NDV. 3, 1943 43.6

Sept. 25, 1972 64.2

Feb. 16, 1973 61.0

Feb. 7, 1974 61.9

Feb. 20, 1975 62.6

Dec. 7, 1976 82.0

May 17, 1979 93

Well WR-35-49-502 Owner: Dan Kerr Altitude: 455 feet Total depth: 585 feet Aquifer: Wilcox

Feb. 28, 1959 150

Sept. 20, 1972 182.3

Feb. 7, 1974 174.0

Feb. 12, 1975 155.5

Dec. 2, 1975 174.5

Dec. 7, 1976 171.4

NDV. 30, 1978 173.0

Sept. 26, 1972 81.8

Feb. 16, 1973 80.1

Well WR-35-49-801 Owner: Carlisle Public School Altitude: 368 feet Total depth: 275 feet Aquifer: Carrizo

Jan. 16, 1941 57

Sept. 18, 1972 59.3

Feb. 17, 1973 52.3

Feb. 7, 1974 60.9

Feb. 12, 1975 74.3

Dec. 2, 1975 79.8

Dec. 7, 1976 53.5

Dec. 16, 1977 52.1

Dec. 1, 1978 50.3

June 4, 1979 49.2

Well WR-35-50-302 Owner: Jerome Rhoden Altitude: 402 feet Total depth: 49 feet Aquifer: Carrizo

Sept. 21, 1972 28.0

Feb. 18, 1973 11.0

Feb. 7, 1974 8.6

Feb. 12, 1975 9.8

Dec. 2, 1975 18.2

Dec. 7, 1976 15.4

Dec. 16, 1977 18.4

Dec. 1, 1978 12.1

Mar. 19, 1981 18.4

Well WR-35-50-501 Owner: Joe Hartman Altitude: 460 feet Total depth: 48 feet Aquifer: Carrizo Sand

Sept. 21, 1972 32.8

Feb. 17, 1973 31.2

Feb. 7, 1974 25.4

Feb. 12, 1975 28.0

-100-

Table 3. Water levels In wells in Rusk and Cherokee Counties Continued


Water level Date

Water level


Dec. 2, 1975 29.6

Dec. 7, 1976 30.6

Dec. 16, 1977 31.5

Dec. 1, 1978 33.2

Well WR-35-50-502 Owner: City of Henderson No. 16

Formerly White Oak Water Co. Altitude: 420 feet Total depth: 372 feet Aquifer: Wilcox

Sept. 29, 1963 128

Apr. 14, 1979 215

May 16, 1979 210.5

Mar. 17, 1981 168.7

Well WR-35-50-702 Owner: Z. D. Stone Altitude: 448 feet Total depth: 27 feet Aquifer: Wilcox

Mar. 17, 1936 19.2

Aug. 24, 1937 18.5

Jan. 26, 1938 7.3

Oct. 7, 1938 23.1

Feb. 8, 139 22.7

May 5, 1939 21.9

July 19, 1939 23.0

Dec. 11, 1939 24.1

Apr. 5, 1940 23.8

July 12, 1940 23.1

NDV. 27, 1940 21.5

Well WR-35-50-703 Owner: J. J. Colwell Altitude: 416 feet Total depth: 20 feet Aquifer: Wilcox

Mar. 17, 1936

Aug. 24, 1937

14.6

18.3


Jan. 26, 1938 6.0

Oct. 7, 1938 17.6

Feb. 8, 1939 17.8

May 5, 1939 18.2

July 19, 1939 18.4

Dec. 11, 1939 18.1

Apr. 5, 1940 16.7

July 12, 1940 16.1

Nov. 27, 1940 12.8

Well WR-35-50-801 Owner: City of Henderson No. 7 Altitude: 452 feet Total depth: 624 feet Aquifer: Wilcox

July 19, 1947 275

Sept. 22, 1972 294.4

Feb. 7, 1974 285.8

Feb. 12, 1975 291.4

Dec. 2, 1975 297.0

May 2, 1979 314.9

Aug. 1979 305

Apr. 22, 1981 359.6

Well WR-35-50-802 Owner: City of Henderson No. 8 Altitude: 512 Total depth: 747Completion interval: 547-736 feet Aquifer: Wilcox

Jan. 23, 1948 315

Aug. 17, 1958 317

July 11, 1978 390

May 2, 1979 338.7

Aug. 1979 390

Mar. 17, 1981 361.3


Dec. 19, 1935 168.5

Aug. 24, 1937 170.4

Dec. 12, 1939 156.8

Apr. 4, 1940 156.4

July 13, 1940 164.9

Nov. 27, 1940 150.8

Aug. 21, 1944 196

May 2, 1969 271.9

Apr. 1, 1981 302.8


Aug. 11, 1938 206

Dec. 11, 1939 153.1

Apr. 4, 1940 144.0

July 12, 1940 157.4

Nov. 27, 1940 148.7

Well WR-35-50-903 Owner: City of Henderson No. 6 Altitude: 415 feet Total depth: 603 feet Screened interval: 488-592 feet Aquifer: Wilcox

Aug. 23, 1942 247

Aug. 21, 1944 207

Mar. 12, 1979 257.1

May 2, 1979 265.6

Mar. 1981 287

-101-



Water level Date

Water level

Well WR-35-50-904 Owner: City of Henderson No. 10 Altitude: 455 feet Total depth: 698 feet Screened interval: 510-686 feet Aquifer: Wilcox

Feb. 8, 1954 355

July 11. 1978 380

Mar. 12, 1979 291.5

May 2, 1979 318.1

Aug. 1979 286

Mar. 1981 330

Well WR-35-50-907 Owner: City of Henderson No. 13,

James Owen well Altitude: 465 feet Total depth: 712 feet Aquifer: Wilcox

Feb. 1, 1964 233

Mar. 13, 1979 302.1

May 2, 1979 291.2

Aug. 1979 302

Mar. 1981 319

Well WR-35-50-910 Owner: City of Henderson No. 2 Altitude: 404 feet Total depth: 558 feet Completion interval: 445-558 feet Aquifer: Wilcox

Oct. 7, 1938 178.0

Feb. 8, 1939 163.4

Dec. 12, 1939 167

July 13, 1940 174

Nov. 27, 1940 161

Well WR-35-50-912 Owner: 0. F. Burt Altitude: 482 feet Total depth: 51 feet Aquifer: Carrizo

Aug. 24, 1937 6.0

Well WR-35-50-912«Cont.

Jan. 27, 1938 I/

June 11, 1938 2.2

Oct. 7, 1938 I/

Feb. 8, 1939 1.8

Well WR-35-50-913 Owner: Rosa Burt Altitude: 468 feet Total depth: 14 feet Aquifer: Carrizo

July 15, 1936 2.5

Jan. 1, 1938 1.0

June 11, 1938 4.3

Oct. 7, 1938 10.1

Feb. 8, 1939 3.0

May 6, 1939 4.0

July 19, 1939 7.6

Dec. 12, 1939 11.4

Apr. 5, 1940 3.5

July 13, 1940 4.5

Nov. 27, 1940 4.4

Well WR-35-51-502 Owner: Church Hill Water Supply

Corp. No. 2 Altitude: 452 feet Total depth: 490 feet Aquifer: Wilcox

Oct. 7, 1971 150

Oct. 7, 1971 178.5

Dec. 7, 1976 196.5

Dec. 16, 1977 202.7

May 3, 1979 209.4

Mar. 19, 1981 207.7

Well WR-35-51-802 Owner: L. K. Ballow Altitude: 440 feet Total depth: 22 feet Aquifer: Wilcox

Dec. 2, 1936 19.6

Aug. 24, 1937 18.9

Jan. 23, 1938 1/2.2

June 11, 1938 9.6

Oct. 7, 1938 20.4

Feb. 8, 1939 1/1.8

May 6, 1939 8.3

July 19, 1939 19.0

Dec. 12, 1939 22.2

Apr. 5, 1940 13.1

July 13, 1940 12.9

Nov. 27, 1940 10.7

Well WR-35-51-902 Owner: J. Russell Smith Altitude: 385 feet Total depth: 26 feet Aquifer: Wilcox

Dec. 2, 1936 23.3

Aug. 24, 1937 23.5

Jan. 23, 1938 1/5.4

June 11, 1938 20.2

Oct. 8, 1938 25.6

Feb. 8, 1939 1/6.2

May 6, 1939 24.0

July 19, 1939 23.0

Dec. 12, 1939 26

Apr. 4, 1940 25.9

July 13, 1940 24.6

Nov. 12, 1940 6.4

\f Water seeping into well, actual water level unknown. 2/ Measured in rain.

-102-



Water level Date

Water level

Well WR-35-51-903 Owner: E. F. Posey Altitude: 442 feet Total depth: 48 feet Aquifer: Wilcox

Dec. 2, 1936 40.2

Aug. 24, 1937 40.2

Jan. 23, 1938 39.8

June 11, 1938 40.1

Oct. 8, 1938 39.6

Feb. 8, 1939 39.1

May 6, 1939 39.5

July 19, 1939 39.9

Dec. 12, 1939 39.5

Apr. 5, 1940 39.3

July 13, 1940 39.4

Nov. 27, 1940 37.9

Well WR-35-52-101 Owner: Evel Faulkner Altitude: 340 feet Total depth: 189 feet Aquifer: Wilcox

Jan. 8, 1966 50

Sept. 25, 1972 49.7

Feb. 16, 1973 48.3

Feb. 12, 1975 48.3

Dec. 2, 1975 46.5

Dec. 7, 1976 49.3

Dec. 16, 1977 52.2

Nov. 30, 1978 53.2

Apr. 2, 1981 55.5

Well WR-35-58-101 Owner: Lonnie Lockridge Altitude: 380 feet Total depth: 31 feet Aquifer: Carrizo

Sept. 20, 1972 18.0

Feb. 17, 1973 15.4

Feb. 8, 1974 11.4


Feb. 12, 1975 11.8

Dec. 2, 1975 14.1

Dec. 8, 1976 14.1

Dec. 12, 1977 15.5

Mar. 17, 1981 18.1

Well WR-35-58-201 Owner: Lynn Simmons Altitude: 360 feet Total depth: 47 feet Aquifer: Wilcox

Aug. 19, 1972 18.0

Feb. 17, 1973 15.3

Feb. 8, 1974 11.8

Dec. 2, 1975 16.4

Well WR-35-58-401 Owner: Elmer Parker Altitude: 500 feet Total depth: 82 feet Aquifer: Wilcox

July 15, 1971 67

Sept. 20, 1972 69.4

Feb. 17, 1973 68.6

Feb. 8, 1974 67.1

Feb. 12, 1975 66.3

Dec. 7, 1976 67.0

Dec. 12, 1977 67.6

Dec. 1, 1978 68.6

Mar. 19, 1981 70.0

Well WR-35-58-501 Owner: Freewill Baptist Church Altitude: 350 feet Total depth: 95 feet Aquifer: Wilcox

Aug. 23, 1969 30

Sept. 29, 1972 28.3

Feb. 17, 1973 23.4


Feb. 12, 1975 20.8

Dec. 2, 1975 26.3

Well WR-35-58-601 Owner: C. T. White Altitude: 380 feet Total depth: 292 feet Aquifer: Carrizo

Sept. 19, 1972 94.5

Feb. 17, 1973 94.0

Feb. 12, 1975 96.0

Dec. 2, 1975 96.7

Dec. 8, 1976 97.8

Well WR-35-59-101 Owner: H. B. Flannagan Altitude: 458 feet Total depth: 410 feet Aquifer: Wilcox

Mar. 18, 1969 180

Sept. 22, 1972 192.3

Feb. 16, 1973 186.3

Feb. 7, 1974 179.8

Feb. 12, 1975 180.6

Dec. 2, 1975 147.5

Well WR-35-59-201 Owner: Mrs. H. A. Gosset Altitude: 430 feet Total depth: 36 feet Aquifer: Carrizo

Sept. 25, 1972 17.0

Feb. 16, 1973 12.6

Feb. 7, 1974 9.0

Feb. 12, 1975 9.9

Dec. 2, 1975 14.4

-103-

Table 3.--Water levels in wells in Rusk and Cherokee Counties Continued


Water level Date

Water level

Well WR-35-59-801 Owner: Minden School Altitude: 521 feet Total depth: 412 feet Aquifer: Wilcox

Sept. 22, 1972 182.5

Feb. 16, 1973 182.2

Feb. 8, 1974 183.0

Feb. 12, 1975 181.8

Dec. 2, 1975 182.8

Dec. 8, 1976 182.9

Nov. 30, 1978 184.0

Mar. 19, 1981 185.5

Well WR-35-59-902 Owner: J. G. Spradlin Altitude: 512 feet Total depth: 480 feet Screened interval: 448-480 feet Aquifer: Wilcox

Sept. 22, 1972 178.3

Feb. 16, 1973 79.0

Feb. 12, 1975 83.2

Dec. 2, 1975 179.0

Dec. 8, 1976 178.3

Dec. 12, 1977 177.4

Nov. 30, 1978 182.1

Well WR-37-01-301 Owner: Leo Roberts Altitude: 390 feet Total depth: 43 feet Aquifer: Reklaw Formation

Sept. 29, 1976 23.3

Dec. 8, 1976 26.0

June 30, 1977 25.4

Dec. 12, 1977 28.6

Dec. 1, 1978 30.9

Well WR-37-01-501Owner: New Salem Water Supply Corp. Altitude: 428 feet Total depth: 280 feet Aquifer: Queen City

Sept. 1, 1965 90

Sept. 28, 1976 90.2

Dec. 8, 1976 93.9

Dec. 12, 1977 92.1

May 10, 1978 90.1

June 25, 1978 90.3

Oct. 13, 1978 90.7

Dec. 1, 1978 90.4

Apr. 10, 1979 89.8

Aug. 15, 1979 90.0

Mar. 15, 1980 90.1

Dec. 14, 1980 90.3

Mar. 19, 1981 88.4

Well WR-37-02-301 Owner: Pine Springs Baptist Camp Altitude: 492 feet Total depth: 280 feet Aquifer: Wilcox

Sept. 29, 1976 125.1

Dec. 8, 1976 125.4

Dec. 12, 1977 126.3

June 6, 1979 130.9

Well WR-37-02-802 Owner: J. W. Davis Altitude: 500 feet Total depth: 430 feet Aquifer: Wilcox

Sept. 29, 1976 142.5

Dec. 8, 1976 144.9

July 1, 1977 144.0


Dec. 12, 1977 151.5

Nov. 30, 1978 148.1

Mar. 19, 1981 146.6

Well WR-37-03-502 Owner: Mount Enterprise Water

Supply Corp. No. 1 Altitude: 557 feet Total depth: 470 feet Aquifer: Wilcox

Oct. 28, 1965 200

Sept. 28, 1976 205.0

Dec. 8, 1976 204.3

Dec. 12, 1977 213.0

May 16, 1979 212.4

Mar. 19, 1981 219.9

Apr. 3, 1981 198.5

Well WR-37-04-601 Owner: Fred Anderson Altitude: 394 feet Total depth: 315 feet Aquifer: Carrizo

Oct. 1, 1976 29.1

Dec. 8, 1976 29.8

Dec. 12, 1977 28.8

Nov. 30, 1978 31.6

Well WR-37-11-201 Owner: W. L. Hickman Altitude: 584 feet Total depth: 59 feet Aquifer: Carrizo

Sept. 28, 1976 47.1

Dec. 8, 1976 51.3

Dec. 12, 1977 50.8

Nov. 30, 1978 51.3

Mar. 19, 1981 52.0

-104-

Table 3.--Water levels in wells in Rusk and Cherokee Counties--Continued

CHEROKEE COUNTY

DateWater level

Well WR-DJ-37-09-101 Owner: Reklaw Water Supply

Corp. No. 2 Altitude: 300 feet Total depth: 138 feet Completion interval: 86-138 feet Aquifer: Carrizo

Dec. 15, 1970

May 18, 1971

Feb. 6, 1974

Feb. 19, 1975

Dec. 5, 1975

June 20, 1979

Apr. 2, 1981

47.7

46.9

43.2

45.7

54.7

47

48.4

DateWater level

Well DJ-37-09-102 Owner: Reklaw Water Supply

Corp. No. 1 Altitude: 300 feet Total depth: 639 feet Completion interval: 530-624 feet Aquifer: Wilcox

May 1965

Dec. 15, 1970

May 18, 1971

Feb. 6, 1974

Feb. 19, 1975

Dec. 5, 1975

Dec. 9, 1976

Dec. 16, 1977

Dec. 1, 1978

Apr. 2, 1981

30

23.6

23.7

26.0

26.9

28.0

28.8

29.7

30.6

31.8

-105-

Table

4a.-

-Uate

r-qua1ity

data

fo

r g

rou

nd

-wa

ter

sam

ples

colle

cte

d fr

om

wells

In

R

usk

and

Che

roke

e C

ountie

s(n

g/L

-

mill

igra

ms

per

lite

r;

Mg/L

-

niic

rogr

ams

per

lite

r;

pmho

s -

mic

rom

hos

per

centim

ete

r a

t 25

°C;

Not

e:

Whe

n no

po

tass

ium

(K

) is

re

po

rte

d,

sodi

um

and

pota

ssiu

m

are

calc

ula

ted

and

rep

ort

ed

as

so

dium

(N

a).

W

ate

r-bearing units:

Tc -

Carr

izo aquifer;

Te

w -

C

arr

izo-U

ilcox aquifer;

Tq

-

Que

en

City aquifer;

Tk

-

Rek

law

F

orm

atio

n;

and

Twi

- W

ilco

x aquifer.

Dep

th

or

Wel

l pro

duci

ng

Inte

rva

l (f

ee

t)

Rus

k C

ount

y'1

-35-4

1-2

02

304

307

308

309

401

502

505

t I

507

601

702

703

705

707

708

803

804

807

808

809

435

337-

440

25

378-

797

319-

872

27

796-

831

895-1

,032

900

90 240-

303

247-

330

247-

863

360

705-

770

452-

535

406-

540

745-

800

436-

583

850-

870

750-

770

720-

790

Dis

- W

ate

r-

solv

ed

be

arin

g

Dat

e silic

a

unit

(Si 6

2)

(mg/

L)

Tw1

Twi

Tr

Tw1

Tw1

Tr

Twi

Twi

Twi

Tc Tw1

Tew

Tw1

Tew

Tw1

Twi

Twi

Tw1

Twi

Tw1

6-1

0-3

6I/

8-2

8-4

11

/

1-2

1-4

21

/

11-2

8-3

LV

8-

8-4

11/

10-

4-4

ll/

6-1

5-3

6I/

8-2

0-5

51

/

6-

5-3

61/

10-

6-4

lI/

10-

8-41

JY

9-2

1-7

24/

7

-29

-77

i/

4-

-55

£/

5-2

3-5

6I/

10-

7-4

12/

4-

-55l/

8-2

3-8

3

3-1

8-3

6I/

3-1

8-3

6I/

6-

l-3

6i/

10

-10

-41

2/

9-2

1-7

2J/

8

-26

-77

1/

7-

6-6

11/

8-2

3-8

3

8-2

3-8

3

9-1

0-7

9|/

11-1

5-79

.5/

2-

6-8

0I/

15 46

82 18 11 ~ 14

17 15 12 ~ 14

12 11

Di s

- D

i s-

solv

ed

solv

ed

iro

n

man

- (F

e)

gane

se

(ug

/L)

(Mn)

(u

q/L

)

- ~ 230 80 22 44 - 3 2 28 -- 87

<4

0 24

0

~

5 3

- - .. 11 10 4

-

<100

<5

0 <5

0

Di s

- D

i s-

Di s

- so

lve

d

solv

ed

solv

ed

ca

l-

mag

ne-

sodi

um

cium

si

um

(Na)

(C

a)

(Mg)

(m

g/L)

(m

q/L)

(n

q/L

)

3 8 2.8

2.8

<5

14 1.4

25 4.4 2.8

157 73 15

2 11 7 1.2

- 36 3 14 2 2 1 <2

.7

2 1 2

5 1.5

3.6

2.4 1.5

6

.4

5 1.2

3.6

40 6 4 0 3.6

3 .2

27

6 4 0 1 1 0

.2 .1 .20 0

167

140 9

163

259 18

243

555

564

164 25

13 42

332 32 46

190

107 46 52 114

142

128

122

220

120

339

175

166

Dis

so

lved

Bic

ar-

p

ota

s-

bo

na

te

sium

(H

C0

3)

(K)

(mg/

L)

(nq

/L)

458

354 18

421

573 18

544

634

500

439

273 77 49

605 24

37

1.0

48

0

293

134 49 317

348

2.0

32

7

2.0

296

.9

540

1.1

280

720

396

399

Car

bo

nate

(C

03)

(m

g/L)

30 -

0 0 - 19 4 24

18

10

Dis

so

lved

su

l-

fate

(S

04)

(mg/

L)

27

10 20 15 31 2.8

18 20

18 15

323

133 64

20 61

58

22 60 67 62 16

22

19 16 14 36 10

21

20

Dis

so

lved

ch

lo

ride

(CD

(mg/

L)

11 8 5.5

330 8 48

21

12 535

575

.5

37

26 28

112 20

28

12 28 24 22 5 8 5 6 12 7

70 5 1

Dis

so

lved

Ni-

fluo-

tra

te

ride

(N03

) (F

) (m

g/L)

(m

g/L)

4.0

0

0.3

2

.0

1.2

0

.3

.4

.1

.4

-- 0 0

.2

<.4

.5

..

.3

2.0

.2

2

.7

.1

.0

.8 .3

1.3

.7

.3

.7

.2

.3

°C -

degr

ees

Cels

ius)

Dis

- so

l ved

solid

s

(sum

of

constit

uents

(m

g/L) 41

1

359 44 398

622 86

644

1,45

2 1,

411

403

762

371

180

782

140

167

493

366

245

167

306

362

337

305

546

320

,841

6/4

34

40

7

Har

d

ness

(C

a,

Mg)

(m

g/L) 28

26

17 15

17 6 34 5 83

16 22 560

207 54 6

42

31 4

110

114 22 35 9 7 3 2 ~ 6 3 4

Re

sid

- P

er-

ua

l ce

nt

sodi

um

sodi

um

car

bo

nate

(R

SC)

.. 8.90

0

.0

12.0

2 .0

62.9

0

.0

99.3

1 9

.8

99 .. .. 97

.13

5

.5

95.9

8

5.1

99.0

6

4.8

99 99 --

Sod

ium

S

pe

cific

ad-

con

du

ct-

sorp

- an

de

tion

(wm

hos)

ra

tio

(SA

R)

-- 0.4

.3

2.4

64

.4

45 20.4

18.4

33.6

65 37

-

1,02

2 47

5 ~ 780 557

522

497

910

320

697

673

Tem

- pH

pera

- (u

nits)

ture

26

8.8

7.2

7.2

6.7

8.5

6.7

8

.7

8.3

8.2 7.9

8.9

2

6.5

8.4

24

.5

8.5

8.4

See

fo

otn

ote

s at

end

of

table

.

Ta

ble

4a.-

-l!a

tcr-

qua1

ity

data

fo

r g

rou

nd

-wa

ter

sam

ples

c

oll

ec

ted

fr

om w

ells

in

R

usk

and

Che

roke

e C

ou

nti

es C

on

tin

ued

Wel

l

WR-

35-

41-9

01

904

42-2

02 302

303

401

701

801

901

43-3

02

\ 50

1

601

44-1

01 401

501

503

601

701

801

802

49-1

01 103

Dep

th

or

prod

ucin

g in

terv

al

(fee

t)

427-

642

25

578-

620

22 11

527-

547

592-

661

67 360-

402

25 179-

211

54 361-

391

- 364-

406

31 387-

428

__ 540-

695

300-

442

21 29

Dis

- D

is-

Wat

er-

solv

ed

solv

ed

bear

ing

Dat

e si

lica

ir

on

unit

(S

i02)

(F

e)

(ng/

L)

(yg/

L)

Twi

Tr

Twi

Tr

Tr

Twi

Twi

Tc Twi

Tc Twi

Tc Twi

Twi

Twi

Twi

Twi

Twi

Twi

Tr Tr

6-

4-3&

I/

5-17

-66Z

/ 10

- 1-

761/

12-

3-36

i/

6-22

-361

/

4-13

-65i

/

2- l-

65

i/

9-21

-721

/7-

29-7

71/

7-11

-791

/

7-12

-791

/

10-

l-7

6i/

9-26

-721

/7-

29-7

71/

8-10

-494

./

7-12

-79

10-

1-76

1/

12-

2-36

i/

3- 6

-391

/11

- 3-

431/

9-25

-724

/7-

29-7

71/

7-12

-791

/

10-

3-66

Z/

8-24

-83

9-10

-73.

5/

8-25

-751

/

6-11

-36I

/

6-11

-36I

/

13

1

180

10 10

.7

9 <5

0

39 41 11 10 31 15 19

100

15 .. 31 19 12 12 13

230

10

130

~ 11

190

18

<50

.. ._

Di s

- Di

s-

Di s

- Di

s-

Di s

- so

l ve

d so

lved

so

lved

so

lved

so

lved

na

n-

cal-

rn

agne

- so

dium

po

tas-

ga

nese

ci

um

sium

(N

a)

sium

(M

n)

(Ca)

(M

g)

(mg/

L)

(K)

(uq/

L)

(nq/

L)

(nq/

L)

(ng/

L)

1 60

.8

4 3 2 2 16 27

.7 5.1

23 3 22 2 2.6

23 4 3 2 3 1 1 20.0

12

<20

1

.3

20

..

16

0 29 1 12 0 0 2 1 11 1.6

6 1 1 - 1.0

6 6 5 1 1 1 23 2.9

2.3

<.5

3 ~ 18

154

262

214

243

357 3 3

140

1.1

4.1

1.0

31

3.0

1 2

250

4.0

.. 31

3.0

18 362

336

7.4

328

404

350

1.2

144.

3 --

120

2.2

298 74 -- 35

Bic

ar

bona

te

(HC0

3)

(mg/

L)

366

586

580 12 533

832 40 73 340 16 127 9 3

628

530

127 6 _ -- 610

266

340

516

195 73

Car

bo

nate

(C

03)

41

32 26 -- 12 0 __ - 8 6 __ 20 40

.8 0 31 0

Dis

so

lved

su

l-

fate

(S

04)

(mg/

L)

21

60 4 4 44

27 0 12 7 7.2

9.1

34 4 4 4 7.8

13 12 87 7 5 4 9.7

34.4

34 12 29 67 181

Dis

so

lved

ch

lo

ride

(C

D

(mg/

L) 8

146 13

8 9 35

10 39 6 3 2.7

7.4

9 5 3 22 9.4

57 40 117

143

141

216

150 21 18 112 23 41 18

Dis

- so

l ved

fl

uo-

ride

(F

) (n

g/L

)

0.4 .4

.4

.2 .1 .2 .1 .1 .1 .1

- -- ~

.8 1.0

1.0

1.4

1.0

__.4

1.0 .2

~

Ni

trat

e (N

03)

(ng/

L)

0.4 .4

«

.44.

1

-

.6 .42.

3

3.0

- ~

.43.

2 .4 .4 .1-- 1.

5 .6

~ _

Dis

so

lved

so

lids

(s

um o

f co

nst

it

uent

s (m

g/L) 37

9

315

i/6

09

52

0 86

50

586

853 98 122

354 46 200 33 84 608 -- ~ 87 882

832

801

982

867

6/39

437

1

719

255

219

268

Har

d

ness

(C

a,

Mg)

(m

g/L) 1

269 2 12 58 5

48 68 47 19 80 14 57 5 11 4 34 28 6 10 4 97 62 3 62 116

Res

id-

Per

- ua

l ce

nt

sodi

um

sodi

um

car

bo

nate

(R

SC)

99.2

6 5.

9

97.0

6 9.

2

.. li.9

3

.08.

36

.0

99 30 43.9

7 .4

15.7

9 .0

6.86

.0

.. 96.5

6 9.

097

.52

10.4

98.4

10

.099

.25

11.2

99 86

Sodi

um

Spe

cifi

c ad

- co

nduc

t-

sorp

- an

de

tion

(ym

hos)

ra

tio

(S

AR)

42.4

24.8

.1 .1

8.9 .4

1.4 .1 .1

~ ~ -. 29.7

48.4

41.9

68.3

15 8.

7

__

607

828

970

1,36

0

115

155

520 87 295 35 119

1,02

0

740

1,20

0 _1,

270

1,63

0 1,

530

590

548

1,25

0

424 _.

pH

(un

its)

8.9

8.2

8.5

8.3

6.5

7.3

8.6

5.8

7.9

6.0

7.1

8.5

8.5

8.5

_ 8.6

8.3

8.3

8.0

8.6

8.5

8.5

8.6

7.9

Tem

pe

ra

ture - -- 24

.0

23.0

23.0

24.0

_ _ 24.0

23.0

__

See

foo

tno

tes

at

end

of

tab

le.

Table

4a.

--'.-

.|ate

r-g

ua

1 ity

dd

ta fo

r gro

und-w

ate

r sa

mpl

es

co

llecte

d f

rom

wel

ls

In

Rus

k an

d C

hero

kee

Co

un

ties

Co

nti

nu

ed

Well

WR-

35-

49-2

01 203

206

209

302

402

403

501

502

503

509

510

601

602

603

702

801

802

804

Dep

th

or

pro

duci

ng

inte

rva

l (f

eet)

456-

516

456-5

76

447-

578

860-

926

835-

880

550-

650

400

120

350-

431

530-

550

360-

433

18 139-

199

655-

778

605-

697

395-

419

483-

911

225-

260

870

730-

822

Dis

- W

ate

r-

sol v

ed

bearing

Dat

e silic

a

unit

(SiD

e)

(mg/

L)

Twi

Twi

Twi

Twi

Twi

Twi

Tc Twi

Twi

Twi

Tc Tc Twi

Twi

Twi

Twi

Tc Twi

Twi

5-

7-3

83

/ 10

- 9-4

L?/

8-

9-4

91/

10-1

7-4L

?./

7-3

1-7

81

/

1-19

-42?

./

4-2

6-7

4I/

5-1

0-7

4I/

1-2

0-4

22

/

1-2

0-4

21

/

7- 6-6

l|/

7-2

9-6

L2

/ 9

-18

-72

5/

9-2

0- 7

2i/

l-21-4

2i/

8-3

0-3

61

/

6-2

0-4

24./

7-1

9-5

57/

6-

7-6

5J/

7-1

3-7

91

'

12-1

0-7

41/

5-

8-4

01/

9-18

-4L?

./

6-2

0-4

22

/

9-1

0-4

Q3/

9-1

8-4

ll/

8-

g-4

94./

9-1

8-7

21

/

7-

6-6

L1/

9-1

2-6

87/

7-1

3-7

91

/

80

14 ~ 12 ~ ~ ~ - 15 15

14 13 -- ~ ~ 14 18 - __ -- 41 12 11 13 __

Dis

so

lve

d

iro

n

(Fe)

(u

g/L

)

200

170 - <50 100

300 - - 240

<50 -- ~ - ~

400

300 ~ 200 __ ~ ~ 300 ~ 100 50 ~

Dis

- D

is-

Dis

so

lved

solv

ed

so

lve

d

nan-

ca

l-

nagn

e-

gane

se

ciu.

-n

siun

(Mn)

(C

a)

(Mg)

(u

g/L

) (m

g/L)

(n

g/L

)

4 8.4

1 6.8

<50

2 2.0

.0

2.4

.0

2.4

8.0

18 1.5

2.0

3 2 <3 32 22

Tra

ce

2.4

<.5

6.4 1.8

30

9.6

__2.

4 .4

1.9

2.4 1 1 1

.8 .9

1.2

2.4

0 7.3 .5 .0

7.3 7.3 .4 .3

2 2.4

26 9.7

Tra

ce .531

.6

_ 2.7

1.2 .4

2.7

1 1

.0 .512

Dis

- D

is

solv

ed

so

lve

d

sodi

um

pota

s-

(Na)

si

un

(ng

/L)

(K)

(ng

/L)

71

84

97

8.4

109

367

112

141

149 63

3.0

-

108

121

115

190

124 35 25 209.

1 --

185.

2 --

350 66

.7

62 54 346

209

199

204

1420

7

349

335

Bic

ar-

C

ar

bo

nate

bo

nate

(H

C03

) (C

03

) (m

g/L)

(m

g/L)

152

122

142

262

710

299

320

332

140 0

172

180

215

478

159 - 12

412

232

390

149

142

134

781

508

531

543

520

816

661

730

-- 30 21.6

26.4

0 0 0 - " ~ 38.4

100.

80 12

.0

.* 15

.6_ " 22 60 26

Dis

so

lved

sul-

fate

(S

04)

(mg/

L) 981

77 38 0

23

5.0

56 56 7910

4 70 32 124

260

109 6.0

19.3

7.5

8.0

10 13 15

1.2

5 4 5 8.4

14 18

Dis

so

lved

ch

lo

ride

(Cl)

(mg/

L)

21

17

18 7.0

11.9

5.5

8.0

9.0

9.5

16 12 9.5

9 7 14 22 19 37.0

30.0

36.0

15.2

9.0 8

69 11.5

6 10 12 55 53 46

Dis

- so

l ved

fluo-

ride

(F)

(mg/

L)

0.1 .1

1.3 .8 .2 .3

.2 .1

.2 .2

0

0

.1 .9 .1

*.

.1

1.4 .9

51.

2 .41.

0

1.6

1.0

Ni

tra

te

(N0

3)

(mg/

L)

2.2

<.l

.0 .0 .5 .5

0 0 1.5 .5

~

.5

.. __ ~

.0 .0

2.0

_ 2.5 .4

1.8 .0

Dis

so

lved

solid

s

(sum

of

co

nstit

uents

(m

g/L) 38

5 25

2 28

7

293

881

1/2

98

336

1/3

50

213

101

301

340

317

482

343

375

201

1/5

10

592

186

145

146

819

1/5

73

477

515

404

830

1/7

89 ~

Har

d-

Re

sid

- ne

ss

Pe

r-

ual

(Ca,

ce

nt

sodi

um

Mg)

so

dium

car-

(m

g/L)

bo

nate

(R

SC)

10

26

25 27 6 35 8 6 50 75

5 98

0

6 93.1

3

2.8

7 13

96

.90

7.

5

10

186 96 6 18

130 26

.3 -

4.0

17 6 6.4

17 4 9

4.7

6

8.3

5 98.5

5

13.3

2 99

.67

13.3

4 52

Sod

ium

S

pe

cific

ad

- co

nd

uct

- so

rp-

ande

tion

(pm

hos)

ra

tio

(SAR

)

-- ._

1,34

0

540

600

__ 21

481

23

.5

540

528

22.7

73

5

._ __ _80

0

300

__ __

._34.5

35.0

76

3

96.1

1,

360

1,18

01,

460

Tem

- pH

p

era

- (u

nits)

ture

7.8

7.6

8.7

8.5

8.8

7.5

7.0

7.

2

7.8

8.7

9.5

8.2

8.2

8.6 8.7

8.3

8.3

8.6

8.7

-- ..

_ -- _ -- _- _ 25 _ __ 27

805

750-

950

Twi

See

footn

ote

s at

end

of

table

.

1-26

-781

/ 11

<50

<50

602

844

2441

11.

946

92,

490

8.6

Table

4a.-

-Hat

er-q

uali

ty d

ata

for

grou

nd-w

ater

sam

ples

col

lect

ed f

rom wells

1n R

usk

and

Cher

okee

Cou

ntie

s Co

ntin

ued

Wel

l

WR

-35-

49-8

12

50-1

01 103

204

302

303

401

403

501

o

502

«O

801

802

803

804

805

901

903

Dep

th

or

prod

ucin

g in

terv

al

(fee

t)

890- 1,03

5

20 32 85 49 32 612-

682

20 48 292-

364

531-

611

548-

736

577-

588

704-

715

246-

257

493-

504

600-

611

683-

694

15 419-

551

488-

592

Di s

- Di

s-

Wat

er-

solv

ed

solv

ed

bear

ing

Dat

e si

lica

iron

un

it

(Si0

2)

(Fe)

(m

g/L)

(u

g/L

)

Twi

Tc Tr Tc Tc Tc Twi

Tc Tc Twi

Twi

Twi

Twi

Twi

Twi

Twi

Twi

10-2

2-8Q

§/

11-2

7-36

1/

11-2

9-36

1/

8-14

-624

/10

- 1-

641/

9-21

-724

/ 2-

12-7

5*/

7-29

-77I

/

1-24

-36I

/

2- 8

-74I

/

5-27

-36I

/

9-21

-721

/

9-25

-631

/8-

22-8

3

4-26

-4?3

/11

- 3-

59*/

9-22

-72J

/ 6-

30-7

7I/

8-22

-83

«

I/

1-

-42|/

1-

-42

l/

2-

-42

|/

2-

-42£

/2-

-4

2|/

2-

-42l/

10-2

3-36

I/

6-19

-361

/ 2-

21-4

7J/

11-

3-59

1/

8-

-42|/

2-21

-47J

/11

- 3-

59I/

11

1.8

.. 18 17 53 46 58 ..

1.5

.. 15 15

221

<3

14

400 60

14

13

113 ~ _. ~ -- 15

.7 .4

13

.4 3.2

Di s

- Di

s-

Di s

- so

l ved

so

lved

so

lved

m

an-

cal-

na

gne-

ga

nese

ci

un

sium

(M

n)

(Ca)

(M

g)

(yg/

L)

(mg/

L)

(mg/

L)

<0.5

3 14 487

261

430 37

33 26 5

.0

1.6

23 19 3.6

2 4.

3

3.3

4 2 2 1.7

2

_.

1.3

4.7

2.8

2.3

8 3 <.

5 4

<.5

2 5 <.

5 4

<.5

2

0.5

6

292 46 89 9 3 5 4

.0

4 2 .8 .8 1.2

<1 1 1 .3 1 __ ~ 1.1

0.4 .6

- 2 4 1 2 1 <1

Dis

so

lved

so

dium

(N

a)

852 13 33 609

920 43

48 48 21 23

6.8

20 4 57.1

48 140.

497 88

10

913

0

240

282

309 66

30

823

020

2 28 63

63 69 88

97 100

Dis

so

lved

po

tas

si

um

(K)

(mg/

L)

__ ~ ~ -- 7 7 ~ -- ~ ~ 1.6

__ __ -- - _ -- ~ -- 0 ~

Bic

ar-

bona

te

(HC0

3)

976 43 33 7 74 87

12 28 31 509 49 55 143

130

344

210

207

250

340

363

571

673

172

688

483

512 73 171

171

160

201

250

250

Car

bo

nate

(C

03)

(mg/

L)

0 __ - 19

.2

-- 0 0 14.0 0 0 0 0 _

_ - _.

~ 0 -- --

Dis

- so

l ved

su

l-

fate

(S

04)

(mg/

L) 0 36

2,38

5 15 13 23 8 16 22 5.0

40 4 5.7

16

.422

2 12 8 3.2

7 0 0 2.5

0 6.2

1.9

8 8 18 6 5 17

Dis

so

lved

ch

lo

rid

e (C

D

(mg/

L)

746 11 110

1,49

92,

410 73

10

2 90 17 45.6

25 9 9 8.3

8.0

15 16

18 12 40 55 45 11

23 40 8.5

9 10

11 12 7 11 10

Dis

so

lved

N

i-

flu

o-

trate

ri

de

(NO

s)

(F)

(mg/

L)

(mg/

L)

3.9

<0.1

.2

20.4

.5

39

.4

27

.4

61.3

28

.9

1.0

.0

.1

2.5

-.

..

.2

-

__

.1

1.1

.2

<.4

.2

.5.3 .9

.4

0 1.6 .7

1.

71.

81.

4

.1

<.4

.1

<.4

.4

.4

.4

<.4

.1

<.4

Dis

so

lved

so

lid

s (s

um o

f co

nst

it

uent

s (m

g/L)

2,13

7

101

3,48

1

2,47

53,

960

308

314

287 84

1/56

0

136 82 174

164

380

249

235

275

328

950

982

1,11

2

292

1,11

684

579

5 89 162

200

181

230

264

252

Har

d

ness

(C

a,

Mg)

(m

g/L) 10 59

2,44

2 ..1,

440

129 93 85 27 4 72 55 12 14 13

.29 11

8 5 6 3.2

16 8.6

8.2

20 17

27 7 21 14 7

Res

id-

Per

- ua

l ce

nt

sodi

um

sodi

um

car

bo

nate

(R

SC)

__ .. ~ 41.9

6 0.

0 50

.18

.049

.77

.0

-- .. 13.5

2 .0

.. 87 .. _ 94.4

6 3.

2 96

.30

3.9

98 98.2

8 5.

7

.. --

_.

-- 94.2

8 2.

4

93.7

3 3.

895

.98

3.9

Sodi

um

Spe

cifi

c ad

- co

nduc

t-

sorp

- an

de

tion

(ym

hos)

ra

tio

(S

AR)

.. ~ 1.6

2.1

2.0

.2

__ 5.8

__ __ 12.6

15

.725 34

.6

~ ~ __ -- 9.

9

11.2

14.4

3,09

0

4,43

06,

800

475

472

438 900 127

240

415

367

437

540

950 ~ __ ~ -. -- 305 - 420

Tem

- pH

pe

ra-

(un

its)

tu

re

8.2

5.6

6.4

6.9

6.1

6.6

8.2

7.0

7.7

7.5

8.6

8.3

7.6

8.3

8.5

8.8

-- _ 8.1

8.5

7.9

8.5

__ ~ - 26.5

__ 24

.7

~ _ - - .-

See

foot

note

s at e

nd o

f table.

Tab

le 4

a.

Wa

ter-

qu

alit

y

data

fo

r gr

ound

-wat

er s

anpl

es

colle

cted

fro

m w

ells

In

Ru

sk

and

Che

roke

e C

ou

nti

es C

on

tin

ued

Wel

l

WR-

35-

50-

904

905

906

907

908

909

910

913

51-1

01 401

502

503

801

901

903

52-1

01 701

702

57-2

01

Dep

th

or

pro

duci

ng

Inte

rval

(fe

et)

510-

686

410-

658

592-

740

530-

700

510-

695

640-

665

317-

372

448-

558

14

411-

520

470-

490

47

0-5

70

410-

490

60 710

675-

738

48 192

270-

302

29

660-

820

Dis

- W

ate

r-

solv

ed

be

arin

g

Dat

e silic

a

unit

(SiO

?)

(mg/

L)

Twi

Twi

Tw1

Tw1

Twi

Twi

Tw1

Tc Twi

Tw1

Tw1

Twi

Twi

Tw1

Tw1

Tw1

Tw1

Tw1

Tw1

2-

S-5

43/

2-

9-5

4?/

11-

3-5

91/

2-1

9-5

53

/1

1-

3-5

91/

6-2

2- 5

?3/

11-

3-5

9J/

9-2

2-7

2*/

6-3

0-7

71

/

2-

1-6

41/

11-1

0-6

95/

9-1

9-6

92

/8

-22

-83

1-

2-7

01/

6-1

9-3

61

/

6-1

5-3

61

/

6-

3-7

71/

7-

4-6

8S

/7

-30

- 68l/

8-2

4-8

3

9-3

0-7

&J/

7-2

9-7

71

/7

-11

-79

I/

12-

1-3

61/

7-1

2-7

9

2-1

0-6

6?

/ 7

-12

-79

I/

12-

2-3

6i/

9-2

5-?

4/

6-3

0-7

7I/

8-2

4-8

3

6-3

0-7

71

/

10-3

0-3

6I/

6-2

8- 7

4l/

14 13 18 15 14 15 19 13

13 12 -- « 10 12 11 13 27 26 -- -- 13 14

13 -- 11

11 10 24 -- 11

Dis

so

lved

iro

n

(Fe) 1 1.6

2.8

100

100

400 400

800

160 70 <50 - 60 11 <30 23 44 - - 100 -

.020 500 « 120

Dis

so

lve

d

man

ga

nese

(M

n)

(pg

/L)

.. <0.5

<.5

_ <.5

~ - -- - ~ <20 __ 9 ._ 15 -- -- - - 5

<20

Dis

- D

is-

Dis

- D

is

solv

ed

so

lved

solv

ed

so

lved

ca

l-

nagn

e-

sodi

um

po

tas-

ci

um

slum

(M

a)

siu

n

(Ca)

(M

g)

(mg/

L)

(K)

(mg/

L)

(nq

/L)

(mq/

L)

1.4

1 2 3 4 1 2 1 4 1.3

3 4 1.4

3 3 27 2 1 1.8

32 31 29 3

.9

2.4

.7

219 1 1 1.

2

47

9 1

0.5 1 1 1 1 3 1 1 1

.3

1 1.4

1 1 4

.5 .5 .5 .2

6 6 6.2 5

.2

1.0

.1

159 1 1 <

.4

8 5 <.5

105.

3 -

107

144 98 92 115 99

104

109

107.

4 --

84

84 77 84 90 12 148

114

133

140

1.3

65 70 14 120

.8

245.

2

270

1.0

146

184

188

190

1.3

91 21 374

Bic

ar

bo

nate

(H

C03

) (m

g/L)

232

250

345

207

198

256

249

256

271

268

198

204

200

183

238

110

376

251

325

330

210

229

230 37 300

504

610

342

470

449

450

181 85 783

Car

b

on

ate

(C

03)

(mg/

L)

18 6 10 6 5 __ - « 0 14 0 6 __ 0

-- 14 43

14 -- 14 37

Dis

- so

l ved

su

l-

fate

(S

O*)

(m

q/L) 0.0

4 9 21 22

9 15

11 10 7.7

13

11 13 20 <10

<10 8 12 11 12 36 38 39 <10 10 9

.3

6.8

312 15

17 18

152

<10 1

Di s

- D1

s-

solv

ed

solv

ed

Ni-

ch

lo-

fluo-

tra

te

ride

ride

(N0

3)

(Cl)

(F)

(mg/

L)

(mq/

L)

(mg/

L)

10 14

0.5

<

0.4

12

.9

<.4

16

.1

<.4

14

.1

<.4

10 8 .2

.4

6 .2

.4

7.0

--

13

12 11

.2

17 g 13 8 .2

.1

7 9 .4

.5

6.1

.3

22

.1

<.4

23

.1

<.4

24 20

5.7

.2

34.0

0

52

.7

650 10

.2

.4

9

.2

3.2

9.5

.4

37

.1

2.3

14 64

2.2

1

.2

Dis

so

lved

solid

s

(sum

of

co

nstit

uents

(m

q/L)

1/3

04

270

336

262

246

278

239

265

279

1/2

98

224

211

217

229

220

110

353

283

317

342

291

307 60 313

1/5

98

65

9

1,65

4

453

451

466

450 91

1/8

70

Har

d

ness

(C

a,

Mg)

(n

g/L

) 6 7 5 12 14

5 7 13 4.5

12

135 13 11 82

7 4 3 3

105

101 98 28 3 10

2

1,20

3 9 4 5

153 43 4

Pe

r

cent

sodi

um

97

.18

.. 97.1

7

94.8

493.4

2

94.4

095.9

4

97.1

694.3

9

-: 96 « « ._ 99 57.4

959

.87

-- 99 99 98.3

7

98.4

199 56

.86

~

Re

sid

ua

l so

dium

car

bo

nate

(R

SC)

4.2

..5.

4

3.2

2.9

3.8

3.8

4.0

4.1

- -- -- ._ __

1.3

1.7

« -- - --

7.5

7

.2 .0

-.

Sod

ium

S

pe

cific

ad

- co

nd

uct

- so

rp-

ande

tlon

(pm

hos)

ra

tio

(SA

R)

17.7

20.7

12.5

10.6

12.9

14.2

17

.612.6

-- 16 -- « __ 40

2.7

3.0

30 80 -- 31.1

31.8

42 3.2

560 __

410

434

410

432 367

356

360

374

220 600

455

515

560

465

477

573 « 549

1,0

80 716

725

740

699

1,60

0

Tem

- pH

p

era

- (u

nits)

ture

8.8

8.3

8.7

8.0

8.5 8.5

7.7

8.2

8.2

8.4

8.5

8.5 7.2

..

8.8

8.5

8.1 8.9

8.6 7.8

8.0

8.7 8.7

8.

7

7.8

8.6 9.1

7.8

8.2

__ -- -- -- -- -. -- 25.1

.. -. _ 24

.8

.. 26

.0

25.0

25.0

- 21.5

..

See

foot

note

s at

end

of

tab

le.

Table

4a.-

-Wat

er-q

uali

ty d

ata

for

ground-water s

ampl

es c

olle

cted

fro

m wells

in R

usk

and

Cher

okee

Counties Continued

Wel

l

WR-

35-

57-2

02 203

406

601

802

803

901

58-1

01 102

5

201

301

302

401

402

601

801

59-1

D2

201

402

601

701

801

Dep

th

or

prod

ucin

g in

terv

al

(fee

t)

1,02

5-1,

105

995-

1,10

5

Spr

ing

32 350-

413

14 315 31 500-

550

47 500-

600

29 82 450-

490

276-

292

24 509-

593

36 Spr

ing

224-

242

28 382-

412

Dis

- W

ater

- so

lved

be

arin

g D

ate

sili

ca

unit

(S

iOg)

(m

g/L)

Twi

Twi

- Tc Twi

Tc Twi

Tc Twi

Tw1

Tw1

Twi

Twi

Twi

Tc Tw1

Twi

Twi

Tc Tw1

Tw1

Twi

8-20

- 74J

>/

10-

3-74

1/

8-23

-83

11-1

2-36

I/

5-31

-65?

/ 9-

30-7

6I/

4-17

-36J

L/

9-19

-724

/ 6-

30- 7

71/

9-20

-724

/6-

30-7

71/

5-31

-65Z

/

9-19

-721

/ 7-

1-

771/

4-23

-65I

/

11-2

6-36

I/

9-20

-721

/

8-

3-79

1/8-

25-8

3

9-19

-724

./7-

1-

771/

10-2

3-36

I/

- y

7-

6-61

2/

9-25

-72J

/ 7-

1-

77I/

10-1

9-36

I/

7-

1-77

A/

11-2

6-36

I/

7-

6-61

12 12 29 ~ 18.4

28 ~ 11

13 11 11 16 14

12 12 « 30 __ 15 13 13 -- - 18

46

48 11 - 21

Dis

so

lved

ir

on

(Fe)

210

190

130 -

<300 - 10

0 __ 100

170

100 80 100 0 60 130

100 - 10D -- ~

Di s

- Di

s-

Di s

- so

lved

so

lved

so

lved

m

an-

cal-

rn

agne

- ga

nese

ci

uni

siun

(M

n)

(Ca)

(M

g)

(pg/

L)

(ng/

L)

(ng/

L)

<20

7

<20

5

12

1.8

11 4.0

3

105 4 2 33 37 3.

2

12

12 4.0

28 43

.0

2.4

1.8

3 5

-- 0 2 16

29

33 3 1 1 36

2 1

1 1

.7

6

.8 1 78 1 1 4 2

.3

2 1

Tra

ce 6 3 1 .3

1 1 --

.5

2.8

1 1 2 1 10 13

Di s

- Di

s-

solv

ed

solv

ed

sodi

un

pota

s-

(Na)

si

un

(rag

/L)

(K)

(ng/

L)

,349

,157 11

1.

7

4 61

62 51 178

185 11 7

204.

6

2 3 95.3

--

28 3 91 81

1.9

150

155 .. 213 5.

4 1.

6 6 7 11 195 42 57

Bic

ar

bona

te

(HC0

3)

(mg/

L)

867

888 8 49 124

151 -- 432

388 84 104

495 34

29 19

5

110 73 170

150

353

362

120

408 58

96

11

1 31 388 67 266

Car

bo

nate

(C

03)

(mg/

L)

29 43 0 -- 12.0

~ - __ 24 -- 19 9.6

0 __ ~ -- 31 0 -- -- ~

Dis

so

lved

su

l-

fate

(S

04)

(mg/

L)

3 0 2 8 10

11 700 29

33 4 4

.6

4 4 10.7

18 58 22 23 33 36 52 61 8.4

4 4

<10 60 26 19

Dis

so

lved

ch

lo

ride

(CD

(m

g/L)

1,55

0

1,22

4 17 10 10.0

10 106 17

13 19 12 5.

0

5 6 10.0

33 7 20 16 11 9

100 15 5.

0 6 5 11 16 35 19

Dis

so

lved

fl

uo

- ri

de

(F)

(mg/

L)

3.4

2.6 .1

.1

.6

.6 .1 .1

.1

.1

~ ~

.1 .1 .2 .1 .6

.3 .2 .1

.1

~

.2

.1

Dis

so

lved

N

i-

soli

ds

trate

(s

um o

f (N

03)

const

it-

(mg/

L)

uent

s (m

g/L)

0.7

1.0

~

.4

.4

.4

27.0

19.3

6.0

8.9

1.5 .1

.4 .4

.2 .0

.4

2.4

~

.4

~ 1.2

i/3,4

30

i/2,9

14 67 63

i 1

65

189

1,04

0

453

438

150

143

i/4

98 61

61

1/24

7

167

181

246

228

385

397

335

1/52

4

139

155 42 475

147

297

Har

d

ness

(C

a,

Mg)

(m

g/L) 25 17 7 54 13 10 583 14

6 97 101 9.

4

39

36 10.0

94 121 10 6 12 17 8 51

77

85 17 5 41 14

4

Res

i ri-

Per

- ua

l ce

nt

sodi

um

sodi

um

car

bo

nate

(R

SC)

72

0

90.3

9 1.

7 92

.08

2.2

96.4

8 6.

7 97

.78

6.1

19.4

9 .0

13.1

5 .0

10.2

3 .0

16

.08

.0

-. 5.7

.0

96 96.5

6 5.

595

.31

5.6

_. 14.5

7 .0

14

.97

.0

._ 98.4

6 6.

2

46.3

8 1.

4

Sodi

um

Spe

cifi

c ad

- co

nduc

t-

sorp

- an

de

tio

n

(um

hos)

ra

tio

(SA

R)

2.0

7.0

7.9

^ 20.6

26

.6 .4 .3

.1

.2

.1

15 19.1

16.5

.3

.2

.3

33.0

-- 2.0

7,17

0

4,92

0 74 281 716

716

247

238 92

95 254

380

390

606

626 730

136

173

193 766 499

Tem

- pH

pe

ra-

(unit

s)

ture

8.2

8.2

5.3

8.5

7.7

8.4

8.9

7.1

7.6

8.5

6.7

6.8

8.7

_ 7.2

8.1

8.4

23.8

7.9

8.2

8.7

5.8

' 7.1

7.

5

8.7

7.0

See

foot

note

s at en

d of

table.

Tab

le 4

a. U

ate

r-qualit

y

data

fo

r gr

ound

-wat

er

sam

ples

co

llect

ed f

rom

wel

ls

1n R

usk

and

Che

roke

e C

ou

nti

es C

on

tin

ued

Dep

th

or

Wel

l pr

oduc

ing

Inte

rval

(f

eet)

WR-

35-

59-8

02 902

60-1

01 701

37-0

1-10

5

301

501

701

803

901

' 02

-101

>

102

201

206

301

501

601

701

801

802

904

03-1

01 201

202

530-

601

448-

480

190 32 23 43 217-

280

4,10

0

30 23 202

152

144

280

230-

280

33 24 962-

1,

067

630-

820

410-

430

Spr1

ng

55 414-

474

310-

360

Di s

- Di

s-

Wat

er-

solv

ed

solv

ed

bear

ing

Dat

e si

lica

iron

unit

(S

i02)

(F

e)

(mg/

L)

(yg/

L)

Tw1

Twl

Twl

Twl

Tr

Tr

Tq -- Tr

Tr

Twl

Tc Tc Twl

Twl

Tr Tr

Twl

Twl

Tw1

« Tc Twl

Twl

10-

1-66

27

9-22

-72*

7 7-

1-

77*7

7-29

-6 ]*

/

10-1

2-36

1/

11-

2-36

1/

9-29

-76*

7 6-

30-7

737

10-1

2-65

Z7

10-1

2-36

1/

10-2

2-36

1/

10-2

2-36

1/

10-2

3-36

1/

10-2

2-36

1/

7- 6

-6l!

/

10-2

3-36

17

9-28

-76*

7 7-

1-7

7I/

10-2

7-36

17

10-2

3-36

17

8-25

-83

9-27

-72*

7

9-28

-76*

7 7-

1-

7727

8-25

-83

10-2

2-36

17

4-17

-791

/

4-17

-791

/ 8-

26-8

3

130

13

12

100

13

0

.. .. 24

20

100

16

160

.. .. .. - 18

4,60

0

.. 16

14

1,90

0

.. .. 14

«

"

12 18

16

4

52

1,70

0

20 20

14

7

Dis

- D

is-

Dis

- D

is-

Dis

so

lved

so

lved

so

lved

so

lved

so

lved

m

an-

cal-

m

agne

- so

dium

po

tas-

ga

nese

du

m

slum

(N

a)

slum

(M

n)

(Ca)

(M

g)

(mg/

L)

(K)

(yq/

L)

(nq/

L)

(mg/

L)

(mq/

L)

2.4

1 3 9

5 5 3

--

7

..

7 21 7 2 16 17

3 3 29 257 <1 2 5 4

21

6

--

11

0 8.

0

0 20

.0

42

17.0

1.5

1 1 4 4 9 6 2 4 64 4 1 3 11 1 1 28 93

.2 2 3 2 4 4

.7 2.9

2.4

175.

2 --

115

118 76 10 10

7 97 14 38 8 10 5 1.

6

38 80

1.0

82 .. 10 380

1.2

230 52

52 8 11 107 76

.7

65

22

Bic

ar

bona

te

(HC0

3)

(mg/

L)

339

298

298

202 73 24 1 1

156 73 61 281 49 31 58 183

205

201

183 ~ 820

590

135

127 21 67 214

135

180

Car

bo

nate

(mg/

L)

46 __ ~ « ~ 0 -- « « ~ ~ 0 ~ ~ ~ ~ 23 - 0 ~ 11.4

18.6

0

01 s

- so

l ved

su

l-

fate

(S

04)

(mg/

L)

19.8

10

12 20 851 16 4 4 80 851

<10 40 <10 21 8

<10 11

11 <10

967 <4 4 16

16 30 <10 40.9

57.6

40

01 s

- D1

s-

solv

ed

solv

ed

N1-

ch

lo-

flu

o-

trate

ri

de

Hde

(N

03)

(Cl

) (F

) (m

g/L)

(m

g/L)

(m

g/L)

13.0

0.

6 0.

6

5 .1

.4

5

.1

1.9

10

.1

2.2

790 9

<-<-

--.

20

.3

56.0

14

.1

35

.9

17.0

.2

.3

790 Q

*.

..

90 6 6 5 .2

0

13

--.

--.

5 .1

2.

0 5

.1

<.4

12 46 92

2.0

10

.3

.4

7 .1

3.

0 7

.1

3.0

6 .1

7 ,

--.

13.5

.3

0

19.2

.0

5 0

23

<.2

01 s

- so

l ved

so

lids

(sum

of

con

stit

ue

nts

(mg/

L)

1/42

1

292

299

233

2.50

0 56 128 90

1/29

7

2,50

0 64 391 49 34 89 169

219

217

159

1,37

3

920

550

170

163

121 66

1/28

7

1/26

2 24

3

Har

d

ness

(C

a,

Mg)

(m

g/L) 12 6 10 38 27 50

33 26 32 315 32 11 51 87 12 9

187

1,02

2 3 11 22 18 30 42 23 62 5

Res

id-

Per

- ua

l ce

nt

sodi

um

sodi

um

car

bo

nate

(R

SC)

97.4

2 4.

7 95

.67

4.6

80.9

5 2.

5

30.5

3 .0

32

.13

.0

89.1

4 2.

0

.. .. 16.6

8 0

93.1

1 3.

1 93

.89

3.0

.. 99 97.4

2 9.

4

82.0

1 1.

7 86

.13

1.7

31

0

.. _. 72

Sodi

um

Spec

ific

ad

- co

nduc

t-

sorp

- an

de

tion

(ym

hos)

ra

tio

(S

AR)

19.4

15

.0 5.3

.6

.5

8.3

~

.3

« 10.2

10

.4

.. 101 27

.5

4.5

5.3 .7

~ 4.1

620

460

467

390 -. 180

124 « « 136 -. 344

342

1,46

0

870

259

255

137

420

400

400

Tem

- pH

pe

ra-

(un

its)

tu

re

8.9

7.9

8.3

7.3

.. 5.9

5.3

7.3

.. « 5.8

8.7

8.4

8.9

8.6

8.0

7.5

5.9

.. 8.2

8 8.3

__ .- .. - .. 19.5

20 19.5

^_ 28.0

__ 18.7

22.4

See

foo

tno

tes

at

end

of

tab

le.

Tabl

e 4a. Water-quality

data for

ground-water s

amples collected

from

wel

ls in R

usk

and

Cherokee C

ount

ies

Cont

inue

d

Dep

th

Dis

- D

is-

Dis

-or

Wa

ter-

so

lved

solv

ed

solv

ed

Well

pro

du

cin

g

bearing

Dat

e silic

a

iro

n

man

-in

terv

al

un

it

(Si0

2)

(Fe)

ga

nese

(fe

et)

(m

g/L)

(v

g/L

) (M

n)(u

g/L)

WR

-37-

03-3

02

34

Tc

9-2

9-7

6V

14

7-

1-7

7I/

12

300

501

210

Tr

7-

5-6

li/

54

0

502

390-

470

Tw1

10-2

6-6

57/

8 19

0 9-2

9-7

6J/

19

7-

1-7

7I/

16

590

7-1

3-7

91

/ 17

901

54

Twi

10

-20

-36

i/

04-4

01

375-

435

Tc

8-1

8-6

5I/

10

50

010-1

1-6

5

402

31

Tc

10-1

9-3

6I/

601

Tc

9-2

9-7

6V

14

7-

1-7

7I/

13

0

901

220-

262

Tw1

6-

3-7

7Z

/ ~

12

0 0

09-2

01

3,0

00

10

-26

-36

1/

10-1

01

60

Tc

10

-28

-36

I/

~

103

372-

395

Twi

3-3

0-4

21

/ ~

4.5

11-2

01

59

Tc

9-2

7-7

61

/ 14

202

65

Tc

9-2

9-7

6V

17

7-

1-7

7I/

18

50

0

12-3

02

260-

310

Tw1

8-1

8-6

5I/

11

10

0

Che

roke

e C

ount

yD

J-3

7-0

9-1

01

8

6-1

38

Tc

10-1

8-6

54/

"

5 <

.512-1

5-7

01/

20

6.1

<

.5

102

530-

624

Tw1

4-2

2-6

51

/

.8

<.5

I/

Che

mic

al

an

aly

ses

by

Wor

ks

Pro

gre

ss A

dm

inis

tration.

2/

Che

mic

al

analy

ses

by

U.S

. G

eo

log

ica

l S

urv

ey.

3/

Che

mic

al

analy

ses

by

Cu

rtls

Labora

tories.

5/

Che

mic

al

analy

ses

by

Texa

s S

tate

D

epar

tmen

t of

Health

.5/

Che

mic

al

analy

ses

by

Edn

a W

ood

Labora

tories.

5/

The

bic

arb

on

ate

re

po

rte

d

is

conve

rted to

ca

rbo

na

te

and

Dis

so

lved

cal

cium (Ca)

(mg/

L) 11 7 5 10

19

11 10 33 34.4

~ 3 2 2 15.2

4 7

42 24 15 33.6

8 3 2

Dis

so

lve

dm

agne

si

um(M

g)(m

q/L) 8 1 3 4 5 5 5.

9

30 15.1

~ 4 1<1 7.

9

18 4 «

1 1 1 7.8

4 2 1

Dis

so

lve

dso

dium

(Na) 8 7 6 27

24

24 55 1

31.9

. 13 115

117

139.

3

416 35 ~ 4 3 3 92

.8

8 8

510

Dis

so

lve

d

Bic

ar-

C

ar-

po

tas-

bo

nate

bo

na

tesi

un

(HC

Ds)

(C

Os)

(K)

(mg/

L)

(mg/

L)(m

q/L)

4.0

68 23

5.0

6 42

5.0

52

5.0

26

4.7

84

0

244 95

.2

0

31 265

271

322.

1 9.6

1,04

2 45 281

122 74 41 302.

6 0

13~

990

24

Dis

-so

l ved

su

l-fa

te(S

04)

(ng

/L)

6 7 26 40

62

66 64 <10

100 --

<10 18 16 24

.5

<10 2 71 4 6 4

20

.6

33 22 5

Dis

-so

l ved

ch

lo

ride

(Cl)

(mg/

L)

13 10 7 17

15

14 20 7 25 ~ 18 10 10 48 95 51 25 9 5 6 34.0

6 7

170

Dis

-so

l ved

flu

o-

ride

(F)

(mg/

L)

0.1

<.l .1 .1

.1 .1

~

.1~

.1 .1

0

.1 .1 .1 .05

<.l

<.l

2.6

Dis

-so

l ved

Ni-

solid

str

ate

(s

um of

(N03

) co

nstit-

(mg/

L)

uents

(mg/

L)

2.0

99

1.2

56 109

128

.4

175

.7

160

21

8

191

1/2

63

.25

53

1.4

292

1.0

293

0 1/4

03

1,04

6

118

1/3

10

.4

134

.4

92.8

68

.025

1/3

49

<.4

10

/66

<.4

10/6

2

<.4

1

0/1

,21

8

Har

dne

ss(C

a,M

g)(m

g/L) 60 21 24 42

66

49 49 208

148.

0~ 22

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~

6.7

~

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8.3

~ ~

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8.6

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p

era

tu

re(°

C)

19 19 25.0

_

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the

ca

rbonate

figure

is

us

ed

1n th

e calc

ula

tion of

this

su

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mic

al

analy

ses

by

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Labora

tories.

8/

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mic

al

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aly

ses

by M

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bio

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tories.

9/

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ted

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lcu

late

d or

est

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ted

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Tab

le 4

b. C

oncentr

ations of

met

als

and

tra

ce

elem

ents

in

w

ate

r fr

om w

ells

an

d sp

rin

gs

in

Rus

k C

ount

y

(in

m

icro

gram

s pe

r lite

r)

Wel

l or

spring

num

ber

WR

-35-

41-7

03 807

808

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01

50-5

02 801

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06

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4

03-2

02

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th o

r pr

oduc

ing

inte

rva

l (f

ee

t)

240-

330

745-

800

436-

583

555

292-

364

531-

611

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i ng

Sp

ri n

g

484

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e

8-23

-83

8-2

3-8

3

8-23

-83

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4-8

3

8-22

-83

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2-8

3

8-2

3-8

3

8-2

5-8

3

8-26

-83

Dis

- so

l ved

ars

enic

(A

s) 1 1 <1 1 <1

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- so

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d ba

rium

(B

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dmiu

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(Cd) <1 <1 8 3 <1

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d ch

ro

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m

(Cr)

<10

<10 ~ 60 <10

<10

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l ved

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pper

(C

u) 10 1 40

1 <1

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le

ad

(P

b) 2 2 28 13 1

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1 ith

ium

(L

i)

24 24 19 34 19 20 19 -- 21

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(Hg) 0.7 .7

- <.l .1 .0

1

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- D

is-

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l ved

so

l ved

so

l ved

se

l e-

silv

er

zinc

nium

(A

g)

(Zn)

(S

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<1

8

<1

<1

5

-- <1

<1

300

<1

<1

17

<1

<1

9

Table 8. Source and significance of selected constituents and properties commonly reported in water analyses If

(mg/L, milligrams per liter; ug/L, micrograms per liter; micromhos, micromhos per centimeter at 25° Celsius)

Constituent or property Source or cause Significance

Silica Silicon ranks second only to oxygen in abundance (Si02) in the Earth's crust. Contact of natural waters

with silica-bearing rocks and soils usually re sults in a concentration range of about 1 to 30 mg/L; but concentrations as large as 100 mg/L are common in waters in some areas.

Iron Iron is an abundant and widespread constituent of (Fe) many rocks and soils. Iron concentrations in nat

ural waters are dependent upon several chemical equilibria processes including oxidation and re duction; precipitation and solution of hydrox ides, carbonates, and sulfides; complex formation especially with organic material; and the metabo lism of plants and animals. Dissolved-iron con centrations in oxygenated surface waters seldom are as much as 1 mg/L. Some ground waters, unoxygenated surface waters such as deep waters of stratified lakes and reservoirs, and acidic waters resulting from discharge of industrial wastes or drainage from mines may contain considerably more iron. Corrosion of iron casings, pumps, and pipes may add iron to water pumped from wells.

Calcium Calcium is widely distributed in the common min- (Ca) erals of rocks and soils and is the principal cat

ion in many natural freshwaters, especially those that contact deposits or soils originating from limestone, dolomite, gypsum, and gypsiferous shale. Calcium concentrations in freshwaters usually range from zero to several hundred milli grams per liter. Larger concentrations are not uncommon in waters in arid regions, especially in areas where some of the more soluble rock types are present.

Magnesium Magnesium ranks eight among the elements in order (Mg) of abundance in the Earth's crust and is a common

constituent in natural water. Ferromagnesian min erals in igneous rock and magnesium carbonate in carbonate rocks are two of the more important sources of magnesium in natural waters. Magnesi um concentrations in freshwaters usually range from zero to several hundred milligrams per liter; but larger concentrations are not uncommon in waters associated with limestone or dolomite.

Sodium Sodium is an abundant and widespread constituent (Na) of many soils and rocks and is the principal cat

ion in many natural waters associated with argil laceous sediments, marine shales, and evaporites and in sea water. Sodium salts are very soluble and once in solution tend to stay in solution. Sodium concentrations in natural waters vary from less than 1 mg/L in stream runoff from areas of high rainfall to more than 100,000 mg/L in ground and surface waters associated with halite deposits in arid areas. In addition to natural sources of sodium, sewage, industrial effluents, oilfield brines, and deicing salts may contri bute sodium to surface and ground waters.

Although silica in some domestic and industrial water supplies may inhibit corrosion of iron pipes by forming protective coatings, it gener ally is objectionable in industrial supplies, particularly in boiler feedwater, because it may form hard scale in boilers and pipes or deposit in the tubes of heaters and on steam- turbine blades.

Iron is an objectionable constituent in water supplies for domestic use because it may ad versely affect the taste of water and beverages and stain laundered clothes and plumbing fix tures. According to the National Secondary Drinking Water Regulations proposed by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (1977b), the secondary maximum contamination level of iron for public water systems is 300 ug/L. Iron also is undesirable in some industrial water supplies, particularly in waters used in high- pressure boilers and those used for food pro cessing, production of paper and chemicals, and bleaching or dyeing of textiles.

Calcium contributes to the total hardness of water. Small concentrations of calcium carbon ate combat corrosion of metallic pipes by form ing protective coatings. Calcium in domestic water supplies is objectionable because it tends to cause incrustations on cooking uten sils and water heaters and increases soap or detergent consumption in waters used for wash ing, bathing, and laundering. Calcium also is undesirable in some industrial water sup plies, particularly in waters used by electro plating, textile, pulp and paper, and brewing industries and in water used in high-pressure boilers.

Magnesium contributes to the total hardness of water. Large concentrations of magnesium are objectionable in domestic water supplies be cause they can exert a cathartic and diuretic action upon unacclimated users and increase soap or detergent consumption in waters used for washing, bathing, and laundering. Mag nesium also is undesirable in some industrial supplies, particularly in waters used by tex tile, pulp and paper, and brewing industries and in water used in high-pressure boilers.

Sodium in drinking water may impart a salty taste and may be harmful to persons suffering from cardiac, renal, and circulatory diseases and to women with toxemias of pregnancy. Sodi um is objectionable in boiler feedwaters be cause it may cause foaming. Large sodium con centrations are toxic to most plants; and a large ratio of sodium to total cations in irri gation waters may decrease the permeability of the soil, increase the pH of the soil solution, and impair drainage.

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Table 8. Source and significance of selected constituents and properties commonly reported in water analyses Continued


Potassium (K)

Alkalinity

Sulfate ($04)

Chloride (Cl )

Fluoride (F)

Although potassium is only slightly less common than sodium in igneous rocks and is more abundant in sedimentary rocks, the concentration of potas sium in most natural waters is much smaller than the concentration of sodium. Potassium is liber ated from silicate minerals with greater diffi culty than sodium and is more easily adsorbed by clay minerals and reincorporated into solid weathering products. Concentrations of potassium more than 20 mg/L are unusual in natural freshwaters, but much larger concentrations are not uncommon in brines or in water from hot springs.

Alkalinity is a measure of the capacity of a water to neutralize a strong acid, usually to pH of 4.5, and is expressed in terms of an equiva lent concentration of calcium carbonate (CaCOs). Alkalinity in natural waters usually is caused by the presence ob bicarbonate and carbonate ions and to a lesser extent by hydroxide and minor acid radicals such as borates, phosphates, and silicates. Carbonates and bicarbonates are com mon to most natural waters because of the abun dance of carbon dioxide and carbonate minerals in nature. Direct contribution to alkalinity in natural waters by hydroxide is rare and usually can be attributed to contamination. The alkalin ity of natural waters varies widely but rarely exceeds 400 to 500 mg/L as

Sulfur is a minor constituent of the Earth's crust but is widely distributed as metallic sulfides in igneous and sedimentary rocks. Weath ering of metallic sulfides such as pyrite by oxygenated water yields sulfate ions to the water. Sulfate is dissolved also from soils and evaporite sediments containing gypsum or anhy drite. The sulfate concentration in natural freshwaters may range from zero to several thou sand milligrams per liter. Drainage from mines may add sulfate to waters by virtue of pyrite oxidation.

Chloride is relatively scarce in the Earth's crust but is the predominant anion in sea water, most petroleum-associated brines, and in many natural freshwaters, particularly those associ ated with marine shales and evaporites. Chlo ride salts are very soluble and once in solution tend to stay in solution. Chloride concentra tions in natural waters vary from less than 1 mg/L in stream runoff from humid areas to more than 100,000 mg/L in ground and surface waters associated with evaporites in arid areas. The discharge of human, animal, or industrial wastes and irrigation return flows may add sig nificant quantities of chloride to surface and ground waters.

Fluoride is a minor constituent of the Earth's crust. The calcium fluoride mineral fluorite is a widespread constituent of resistate sediments and igneous rocks, but its solubility in water is negligible. Fluoride commonly is associated with volcanic gases, and volcanic emanations may be important sources of fluoride in some areas. The

Large concentrations of potassium in drinking water may impart a salty taste and act as a cathartic, but the range of potassium concen trations in most domestic supplies seldom cause these problems. Potassium is objectionable in boiler feedwaters because it may cause foaming. In irrigation water, potassium and sodium act similarly upon the soil, although potassium generally is considered less harmful than sodium.

Alkaline waters may have a distinctive unpleas ant taste. Alkalinity is detrimental in sev eral industrial processes, especially those involving the production of food and carbonated or acid-fruit beverages. The alkalinity in irrigation waters in excess of alkaline earth concentrations may increase the pH of the soil solution, leach organic material and decrease permeability of the soil, and impair plant growth.

Sulfate in drinking water may impart a bitter taste and act as a laxative on unacclimated users. According to the National Secondary Drinking Water Regulations proposed by the Environmental Protection Agency (1977b) the secondary maximum contaminant level of sulfate for public water systems is 250 mg/L. Sulfate also is undesirable in some industrial sup plies, particularly in waters used for the pro duction of concrete, ice, sugar, and carbonated beverages and in waters used in high-pressure boilers.

Chloride may impart a salty taste to drinking water and may accelerate the corrosion of metals used in water-supply systems. According to the National Secondary Drinking Water Regu- ations proposed by the Environmental Protection Agency (1977b), the secondary maximum contami nant level of chloride for public water systems is 250 mg/L. Chloride also is objectionable in some industrial supplies, particularly those used for brewing and food processing, paper and steel production, and textile processing. Chloride in irrigation waters generally is not toxic to most crops but may be injurious to citrus and stone fruits.

Fluoride in drinking water decreases the inci dence of tooth decay when the water is consumed during the period of enamel calcification. Excessive quantities in drinking water consumed by children during the period of enamel calcifi cation may cause a characteristic discoloration (mottling) of the teeth. According to the

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Table 8.--Source and significance of selected constituents and properties commonly reported in water analyses Continued


Fluoride fluoride concentration in fresh surface waters Cont. usually is less than 1 mg/L; but larger concen

trations are not uncommon in saline water from oil wells, ground water from a wide variety of geologic terranes, and water from areas affected by volcanism.

Nitrogen A considerable part of the total nitrogen of the (N) Earth is present as nitrogen gas in the atmos

phere. Small amounts of nitrogen are present in rocks, but the element is concentrated to a greater extent in soils or biological material. Nitrogen is a cyclic element and may occur in water in several forms. The forms of greatest interest in water in order of increasing oxida tion state, include organic nitrogen, ammonia nitrogen (Nfy-N), nitrite nitrogen (NOg-N) and nitrate nitrogen (N03-N). These forms of nitro gen in water may be derived naturally from the leaching of rocks, soils, and decaying vegetation; from rainfall; or from biochemical conversion of one form to another. Other important sources of nitrogen in water include effluent from wastewater treatment plants, septic tanks, and cess pools and drainage from barnyards, feed lots, and fertilized fields. Nitrate is the most stable form of nitrogen in an oxidizing environment and is usually the dominant form of nitrogen in natu ral waters and in polluted waters that have under gone self-purification or aerobic treatment pro cesses. Significant quantities of reduced nitro gen often are present in some ground waters, deep unoxygenated waters of stratified lakes and reser voirs, and waters containing partially stabilized sewage or animal wastes.

Dissolved Theoretically, dissolved solids are anhydrous solids residues of the dissolved substance in water. In

reality, the term "dissolved solids" is defined by the method used in the determination. In most waters, the dissolved solids consist predominant ly of silica, calcium, magnesium, sodium, potas sium, carbonate, bicarbonate, chloride, and sulfate with minor or trace amounts of other inor ganic and organic constituents. In regions of high rainfall and relatively insoluble rocks, waters may contain dissolved-solids concentra tions of less than 25 mg/L; but saturated sodium chloride brines in other areas may contain more than 300,000 mg/L.

National Interim Primary Drinking Water Regula tions established by the Environmental Protec tion Agency (1976) the maximum contaminant level of fluoride in drinking water varies from 1.4 to 2.4 mg/L, depending upon the annual aver age of the maximum daily air temperature for the area in which the water system is located. Excessive fluoride is also objectionable in water supplies for some industries, particularly in the production of food, beverages, and phar maceutical items.

Concentrations of any of the forms of nitrogen in water significantly greater than the local average may suggest pollution. Nitrate and nitrite are objectionable in drinking water because of the potential risk to bottle-fed infants for methemoglobinemia, a sometimes fatal illness related to the impairment of the oxygen-carrying ability of the blood. Accord ing to the National Interim Primary Drinking Water Regulations (U.S. Environmental Protec tion Agency, 1976), the maximum contaminant level of nitrate (as N) in drinking water is 10 mg/L. Although a maximum contaminant level for nitrite is not specified in the drinking water regulations, Appendix A to the regulations (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 1976) indicates that waters with nitrite concentra tions (as N) greater than 1 mg/L should not be used for infant feeding. Excessive nitrate and nitrite concentrations are also objectionable in water supplies for some industries, particu larly in waters used for the dyeing of wool and silk fabrics and for brewing.

Dissolved-solids values are used widely in evalu ating water quality and in comparing waters. The following classification based on the concentra- trations of dissolved solids commonly is used by the Geological Survey (Winslow and Kister, 1956).

Dissolved-solidsClassification concentration (mg/L)

<1,000Fresh Slightly saline Moderately saline Very saline Brine

1,000 - 3,0003,000 - 10,000

10,000 - 35,000>35,000

The National Secondary Drinking Regulations (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 1977b) set a dissolved-solids concentration of 500 mg/L as the secondary maximum contaminant level for public water systems. This level was set primarily on the basis of taste thresholds and potential physiological effects, particularly the laxative effect on unacclimated users. Although drinking waters containing more than 500 mg/L are undesirable, such waters are used in many areas where less mineralized sup plies are not available without any obvious ill effects. Dissolved solids in industrial water

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Table 8. Source and significance of selected constituents and properties commonly reported in water analyses Continued


Dissolved sol ids-

Co nt.

Specific conductance

Hardness as

pH

Specific conductance is a measure of the ability of water to transmit an electrical current and depends on the concentrations of ionized constitu ents dissolved in the water. Many natural waters in contact only with granite, well-leached soil, or other sparingly soluble material have a conduc tance of less than 50 micromhos. The specific conductance of some brines exceed several hundred thousand micromhos.

Hardness of water is attributable to all poly valent metals but principally to calcium and mag nesium ions expressed as CaCC>3 (calcium carbon ate). Water hardness results naturally from the solution of calcium and magnesium, both of which are widely distributed in common minerals of rocks and soils. Hardness of waters in contact with limestone commonly exceeds 200 mg/L. In waters from gypsiferous formations, a hardness of 1,000 mg/L is not uncommon.

The pH of a solution is a measure of its hydro gen ion activity. By definition, the pH of pure water at a temperature of 25°C is 7.00. Natural waters contain dissolved gases and minerals, and the pH may deviate significantly from that of pure water. Rainwater not affected signifi cantly by atmospheric pollution generally has a pH of 5.6 due to the solution of carbon dioxide from the atmosphere. The pH range of most natu ral surface and ground waters is about 6.0 to 8.5. Many natural waters are slightly basic (pH >7.0) because of the prevalence of carbonates and bicarbonates, which tend to increase the pH.

supplies can cause foaming in boilers; inter fere with clearness, color, or taste of many finished products; and accelerate corrosion. Uses of water for irrigation also are limited by excessive dissolved-solids concentrations. Dissolved solids in irrigation water may adversely affect plants directly by the devel opment of high osmotic conditions in the soil solution and the presence of phytoxins in the water or indirectly by their effect on soils.

The specific conductance is an indication of the degree of mineralization of a water and may be used to estimate the concentration of dis solved solids in the water.

Hardness values are used in evaluating water quality and in comparing waters. The following classification is commonly used by the Geological Survey.

Hardness (mg/L as CaCOs) Classification 0^50Soft

61 - 120 Moderately hard 121 - 180 Hard

>180 Very hardExcessive hardness of water for domestic use is objectionable because it causes incrustations on cooking utensils and water heaters and in creased soap or detergent consumption. Exces sive hardness is undesirable also in many indus trial supplies. (See discussions concerning calcium and magnesium.)

The pH of a domestic or industrial water supply is significant because it may affect taste, cor rosion potential, and water-treatment processes. Acidic waters may have a sour taste and cause corrosion of metals and concrete. The National Secondary Drinking Water Regulations (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 1977b) set a pH range of 6.5 to 8.5 as the secondary maximum contaminant level for public water systems.

J_/ Most of the material in this table has been summarized from several references. For a more thorough discussion of the source and significance of these and other water-quality properties and constituents, the reader is referred to the following additional references: American Public Health Association and others (1975); Hem (1970); McKee and Wolf (1963); National Academy of Science, National Academy of Engineering (1973); National Technical Advisory Committee to the Secretary of the Interior (1968); and U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (1977a).

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