By: Ali Haider

Bakhtawar Ali Yushfa Liaquat Faseeh Bhatti

Hussnain Haider

Goal of the Modern stateGoal of the modern state!

By: Ali, Bakhtawar, Yushfa, Faseeh, Hussnain.

Presentation Outline:Presentation Outline:

1. Definition of state. 2. State according to different school of thoughts. 3. Concept of modern state. 4. Types of modern state. 5. Elements of the state. 6. Role of the state. 7. Goal of the modern state. 8. Conclusion.

Definition of state:

The definition of state has never been unanimously agreed in the realm of political

science and it has been defined and interpreted in various ways from time to time.

Definition of state according to various political scientists

Definition of state according to various political scientists

State according to various school of thoughts:

To the Muslims

To the Hindus

To the Idealists

Kingly power.

To the Marxists

To the Jurists

“Danda”.

An image of God on earth.

Instrument of class domination.

Law making institution.

State according to various school of thoughts:

State according to various school of thoughts:

To the Imperialists

To the Anarchists

To the Racialists Symbol of race-superiority.

Instrument of enslavement and exploitation of backward people and countries.

Brute force to be scraped from the pages of human history and society.

State according to various school of thoughts:

Concept of modern state!

Protection

Order

Justice

Foreign trade

Facilitation of inner state trade in exchange for this loyalty

The state offers:

Protection

Order

Justice

Foreign trade

Facilitation of inner state trade in exchange for this loyalty

Concept of the Modern state!

The state offers:

Types of Modern state:

Monarchy

Democratic

Communist

Types of Modern state:

Monarchy

Democratic

Communist

Monarchy Communist

Democracy

Elements of the state:Elements of the state:

Role of the state:

There are two important views of political scientists about the role and the nature of modern state:

i. State as an end to itself. ii. State as a means to an end.

There are two important views of political scientists about the role and the nature of modern state:

i. State as an end to itself. ii. State as a means to an end.

Role of the state:

1. This is the oldest concept about the nature of the nature. 2. According to Plato and Aristotle, the state was all and the

individual was part of the whole. 3. Aristotle putted thus: “ The state is prior to the individual”. 4. From this followed the interest of the state was an interest

of the individual. 5. Hegel believes that the state is a collective person. 6. However, the advocates of this view of state do not agree

as to what that end is. 7. For Plato and Aristotle the end was the moral perfection

of human beings.

State as an end to itself

1. This is the oldest concept about the nature of the nature. 2. According to Plato and Aristotle, the state was all and the

individual was part of the whole. 3. Aristotle putted thus: “ The state is prior to the individual”. 4. From this followed the interest of the state was an interest

of the individual. 5. Hegel believes that the state is a collective person. 6. However, the advocates of this view of state do not agree

as to what that end is. 7. For Plato and Aristotle the end was the moral perfection

of human beings.

State as an end to itself

Continued

8. To the idealists, the end is an unlimited development of a nation. 9. To the socialists, end is a common welfare of the workers. 10. To the communists, the end is a society based on equality, liberty and fraternity of the whole mankind. 11. To the fascists and nazists, the end is power and national aggrandisement.

….….

8. To the idealists, the end is an unlimited development of a nation. 9. To the socialists, end is a common welfare of the workers. 10. To the communists, the end is a society based on equality, liberty and fraternity of the whole mankind. 11. To the fascists and nazists, the end is power and national aggrandisement.

State as a means to an end

1. This view gives more weightage to the individual against the state.

2. The state is nothing but collection of individuals who compose it.

3. It does not exists over and above them. 4. If the individual develops his personality and realizes

his ends and aims of life then state is a means to an end.

1. This view gives more weightage to the individual against the state.

2. The state is nothing but collection of individuals who compose it.

3. It does not exists over and above them. 4. If the individual develops his personality and realizes

his ends and aims of life then state is a means to an end.

State as a means to an end

Goal of the modern state

1. The state should create conditions for the growth of free individuality and personality of its citizens.

TH Green said: “The business of state is not merely the business of a police man, of arresting wrong doers, or of ruthlessly enforcing contracts but of providing for men an equal change , as far as possible of realising what is best in their intellectual and moral natures.”

2. The state must maintain peace and order to ensure conducive social environment for the individuals so that they can spend their lives happily and peacefully.

Goal of the modern state

1. The state should create conditions for the growth of free individuality and personality of its citizens. TH Green said: “The business of state is not merely the business of a police man, of arresting wrong doers, or of ruthlessly enforcing contracts but of providing for men an equal change , as far as possible of realising what is best in their intellectual and moral natures.”

2. The state must maintain peace and order to ensure conducive social environment for the individuals so that they can spend their lives happily and peacefully.

3. State should establish institutions to prevent chaos, mess or ambiguity to maintain and keep the rights and duties of people intact. 4. Modern state should not become a mere police state or banana state. The state should assume the duty of promoting general welfare. 5. It has to be a collective body not a joint stock company of priviliged shots. 6. State should provide, its inhabitants with all the necessities required by successful human life. 7. State should develop systems of money and finance the society.

….

3. State should establish institutions to prevent chaos, mess or ambiguity to maintain and keep the rights and duties of people intact.

4. Modern state should not become a mere police state or banana state. The state should assume the duty of promoting general welfare.

5. It has to be a collective body not a joint stock company of privileged shots.

6. State should provide, its inhabitants with all the necessities required by successful human life.

7. State should develop systems of money and finance the society. 8. Freedom of expression shall not be curtailed. 9. State should not prescribe any set of ideas, religion or morality. 10. State should not craft any self style customs or fashions because they develop unconsciousness among people.

….

7. State should develop systems of money and finance the society.

8. Freedom of expression shall not be curtailed.

9. State should not prescribe any set of ideas, religion or morality.

10. State should not craft any self style customs or fashions because they develop unconsciousness among people.

Conclusion!

What state should do and shouldn't is something that we cannot conclude after reading 2 or more books of Political science; moreover, we cannot state something rigid in the realm of social sciences that is why we would just say, in an advisory capacity and in the spirit of being human, that state should always give due weightage to the dignity of people because states are comprised of people as Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto said " Walls do not make countries people make them “.

Thank you for your attention!