One Goal Dictionary

By: Taylor Heath

Goal 1 Foundations of the US Political System

Aristocracy

• The Higher class of people have the power and give poor people a hard time getting out of poverty.

Autocracy

• A single person has the power.

Bacon’s Rebellion

• Wanted equal representation in the government, not just the wealthy citizens.

• Branches of the Government can change each other’s decision if needed.

• The government must follow the rules of criminal proceedings before arresting someone.

Establishment Clause

• Congress can’t establish a religion

Factions

• Group of people who believe in the same cause or belief.

Montesquieu

• French Philosopher who believed that separation of powers is the best government.

Self-Incrimination

• Testifying against themselves in court.

Separation of Powers

• The three branches' power being separated.

Social Contract Theory

• Citizens have rights when born but are willing to give up some of those rights to maintain order.

Three Fifths Compromise

• Each slave would count as 3/5th of a person when choosing congress.

Townshend Acts

• Taxes on imported goods like glass and tea.

Treaty of Paris

• Recognition of the United States as a separate and free nation by Great Britain.

• Ended the American Revolution

Virginia Plan

• Government separated into three branches; legislative, executive and judicial.

Article II

• Establishes the offices of President and Vice president.

Bill

• A proposed law

Bills of Attainder

• Convict people of crime without a trial.

Budget Surplus

• When the government spends less then it has in revenue.

ATF

• Enforces laws dealing with firearms and explosives.

Censure

• When a senator or representative is publicly reprimanded by his/her colleagues for inappropriate behavior.

Chief Executive

• The president has the power to appoint officials.

Constitutional Convention

• When 2/3 of the states call for a special meeting to consider proposing amendments to the constitution.

Deficit Spending

• Spending money the government doesn’t have.

Economic Leader

• The policies and programs the he/she implements affect the economy.

FBI

• Federal Governments top law enforcement agency.

Head of State

• The President

Judicial Review

• One of the most important powers of the judicial Branch.

Law

• A rule which society must abide by.

Rules

User Fees

• Charges for certain services.

Alderman

• Member of the City Council

Board of Education

• Body of government established for a special district.

Cabinet

• Cabinet members consist of Secretary of Administration, Commerce, Correction, Crime Control and Public Safety, Cultural Resources, Environment and Natural Resources, Health and Human Services, Revenue, Juvenile Justice, and Transportation.

Disposal Fees

• Paid to state or local government for the removal of waste.

Estate Tax

• Related to inheritance tax and is collected when someone dies.

Fifteenth Amendment

• Defines criminal proceedings.

Leandro Case

• All schools have the obligation to give all students a quality education.

Lottery

• A form of gambling that makes money for the state.

Mayor

• Chief executive officer and shares power with an elected city council.

Townships

• Smaller than cities and governed by town councils.

Activists

• People who engage in political activism

Apathy

• Not caring about free speech

Arbitration

• The decision of the third party is legally binding

Ballot

• Lists the candidates for office so the voters can choose.

BushClintonRegan

Board of Elections

• Facilitates and oversees the voting process.

Campaign

• Strategy for winning when running for office.

Vote For Me

Coalition

• Banding together of different groups to achieve political success.

Compromise

• Both sides give up something to reach an agreement.

Criminal Laws

• Defines the punishments for criminal offenses.

Damages

• Money

Democrats

• Liberal; favor active government.

Electors

• The other factor that goes into who wins a presidential election.

Fine

• Paying money as a form of punishment

Jury Duty

• Serving on a jury

Lawsuit

• Claim that a person,business,etc has been wronged

Mediation

• When a third party steps in to help settle a disagreement between two parties

Plank

• Individual policy within the platform

Walk the plank

Volunteer

• Someone who takes time to help the community.

Goal 5 Dictionary

Arraignment

• The defendant is officially informed of the charges against him/her.

Arrest Warrant

• A legal document from the court saying the police can arrest you.

We can arrest you

Bail

• Money paid by defendant in exchange for not having to remain in jail until his/her trial.

Bill

• Idea for a new law that is passed through either the House or Senate.

Charter Schools

• Public schools that are chartered by some sponsor group.

Cloture

• If 3/5th of the senators present vote in favor of closing the debate then the filibuster is ended and a vote can occur.

Court Docket

• Schedule of court proceedings

This case happens tomorrowThis one happens next week

Debate

• Opposing sides present their position on an issue.

Torts

• Civil cases involving alleged injuries to one’s person, reputation, property, or business.

Voting

• Common way individuals voice their opinion on issues.

Vote for Bush

Goal 6 Dictionary

Administrative Law

• Governs the operation of government agencies.

Agricultural Groups

• Provide aid to farmers in times of economic hardships.

Boot Camps

• Alternative to juvenile detention centers to instill discipline.

British Common Law

• Law based on traditions and past court precedents.

Laws based on tradition

Civil Laws

• Laws concerned with relationships between individuals, businesses, organizations, etc.

He refuses to trim the monkey tree

Death Penalty

Being put to death as a punishment.

Detention

• Restriction of a person’s liberty to leave a given location.

Deterrence

• Meant to prevent future crimes.

EPA

• Regulates pollution laws

Pollution Laws

Franking Privilege

• Elected officials can send mail for free.

I can be sent for freeI can be sent for free

Government Publications

• Keep citizens informed of laws and decisions.

This the new law

Special Task Forces

• Groups formed to study or investigate Specific areas.

Goal 7 Dictionary

Agribusiness

• Replacement of small, family-owned farms with large company owned-farms

Assembly Line

• Products move down the line and is assembled by workers whom all have a specific task.

Automation

• Replacing humor labor with machines

Capital

• Structures and equipment involved in the manufacturing process.

Competition

• Buyers and sellers competing to get what they want.

Consumer

• People that buy a service or good.

Cooperation

• Working together towards a common goal.

Factory

• Facility designed for production of a good.

Producer

• Sells and produces goods and services.

Technology

• Application of scientific breakthroughs to commerce and industry.

Goal 8

Arbitration

• Involves a third party and is legally binding.

Barter System

• Trade goods for goods

Coins

• Metal forms of money

Collateral

• Things that you give up if you can’t pay money to the bank.

Consumer Tastes

• What consumers prefer.

Cooperative

• Working together

Currency

• money

Demand

• What the consumers want or need.

Household

• Everyone that lives in the house

Personal Income

• Income of a particular person.

Goal 9

Bear Market

• Stock market prices lower

Business Cycle

• Trough, expansion, peak, and contraction.

Bull Market

• Stock market has steady rise in prices.

Child Labor

• Requiring a child to work.

Interest Rate

• Percentage that determines how much you owe on a loan.

Scarcity

• Limited availability of a product.

Revenue

• Money government takes in.

Tariffs

• Taxes on products from other countries

Treaties

• Written agreements between two countries

These two countries agree

Patriot Act

• Government can look at mail etc if suspicious of terrorism.

Goal 10

Acid Rain

• Chemicals into the atmosphere are absorbed as water droplets in the clouds.

Ageism

• Discrimination based on age

Assimilate

• Become like mainstream US society

Baby Boomers

• Generation of US citizens born in the years following WWII

Bias

• Feelings for or against something.

Crime

• People committing criminal offenses.

Citizen Apathy

• Lack of concern on the part of citizens.

Patriotism

• Love of and devotion to the United States.

Poverty

• When individuals/families find themselves lacking the money and resources necessary to meet basic needs.

Social Choices

• Free to choose their own lifestyle.