appendix - modern china a political study

8/6/2019 Appendix - Modern China a Political Study

1/69

APPENDIX IThe Provisional Constitution of the Republic

of ChinaPASSEDAT NANKINGIN JANUARY,1912

Chaptn 1. Gene ra l P ro vi.r iOn JARTICLEI. The Republic of China is composed of theChinese People.ART. z. The Sovereignty of the Chinese Republic isvested in the people. ART. 3. The territory of the Chinese Republic consistsof the 18 provinces, Inner and Outer Mongolia, Tibet, andChinghai.ART. 4. The Sovereignty of the Chinese Republic isexercised by the National Council, the Provisional President,the Cabinet, and the Judiciary.

Chapter 2. CitizensART. 5. Citizens of the Chinese Republic are all equal,and there shall be no racial, class, or religious distinctions.ART. 6. Citizens shall enjoy the following rights:(a) The person of the citizens shall not be arrested, im-

prisoned, tried, or punished except in accordance with law.(b ) The habitations of citizens shall not be entered orsearched except in accordance with law.(c ) Citizens shall enjoy the right of the security of theirproperty and the freedom of trade.(l) Citizens shall have the freedom of speech, of com-position, of publication, of assembly, and of association.(e) Citizens shall have the right of the secrecy of theirletters.(f) Citizens shall have the liberty of residence and removal.(g ) Citizens shall have the freedom of religion.


2/69

Appendix IART. j. Citizens shall have the right to petition the

Parliament.ART . 8. Citizens shall have the right of petitioning theexecutive officials.. ART. 9. Citizens shall have the right to institute proceedings before the Judiciary, and to receive trial andjudgement. ART. 10. Citizens shall have the right of suing officialsin the Administratin Courts for violation of law againsttheir rights.ART. II. Citizens shall have the right of participating incivil examinations.ART. 12. Citizens shall have the right to vote and to bevoted for.ART. 13. Citizens shall have the duty to pay taxesaccording to law.ART. I.f.. Citizens shall have the duty to enlist as soldiersaccording to law.ART. 15. The rights of citizens, as provided in the presentChapter, shall be limited or modified by laws, provided suchlimitation or modification shall be deemed necessary for thepromotion of public welfare, for the maintenance of publicorder, or on account of extraordinary exigency.

Chapter 3. The National Council1ART. 16. The legislative power of the Chinese Republicis exercised by the National Council.A R T . 17. The Council shall be composed of memberselected by the several districts as provided in Article 18.ART. 18. The Provinces, Inner and Outer Mongolia, andTibet shall each elect and deputy five members to theCouncil, and Chinghai shall elect one member.The election districts and methods of election shall bedecided by the localities concerned.During the meeting of the Council each member shallhave one vote.1The Council has been replaced by two Houses of Parliament .inceA pril 1913.


3/69

3IB Appendix IAR.T.19. The National Council shall have the following

powers :(a ) To pass all Bills.(b ) To pass the budgets of the Provisional Government.(e) To pass laws of taxation, of currency, and weightsand measures for the whole country.(tl) To pass measures for the raising of public loans andto conclude contracts affecting the National Treasury.(e) To give consent to matters provided in Articles 34,35, and 40 .(j) To reply to inquiries from the Provisional President.(g ) To receive and consider petitions of citizens.(h ) To make suggestions to the Government on legal orother matters.(,) To introduce interpellations to members of theCabinet, and to insist on their being present in the Councilin making replies thereto.(;) To insist on the Government investigating into anyalleged bribery and infringement of laws by officials.(k ) To impeach the Provisional President for high treasonby a majority of three-fourths of the quorum consistingof more than four-fifths of the total number of themembers.

(l) To impeach members of the Cabinet for failure toperform their official duties or for violation of the lawby majority votes of two-thirds of the quorum consist-ing of over three-fourths of the total number of themembers.AR.T.20. The National Council shall itself convoke, con-duct, and adjourn its own meetings.ART. 21. The meetings of the National Council shall beconducted publicly, but secret meetings may be held at thesuggestion of members of the Cabinet or by the majorityvote of its quorum.ART . 22. Matters passed by the National Council shall

be communicated to the ProvisionalPresident for promulga-tion and execution.AI.T.23. If the Provisional President should veto matters


4/69

Appendix I 319passed by the National Council, he shall, within ten daysafter he has received such resolutions, return the same withstated reasons to the Council for reconsideration. If bya two-thirds vote of the quorum of the Council, it shall bedealt with in accordance with Article 22.ART. 24. The Chairman of the National Council shallbe elected by ballots signed by the voting members and theone receiving more than one-half of the total number ofthe votes cast shall be elected.ART. 25. Members of the National Council shall not, out-side the Council, be responsible for their opinion expressedand votes cast in the Council. .ART. 26. Members of the Council shall not be arrestedwithout the permission of the Chairman of the Council exceptfor crimes pertaining to civil and international warfare.ART. 27. Procedure of the National Council shall bedecided by its own members.ART. 28. The National Council shall be dissolved on theday of the convocation of the National Assembly, and- itspowers shall be exercised by the latter .. Chapter 4. 'Ihe ProfJisional President and rice-PresidentART. 29. The Provisional President and Vice-Presidentshall be elected by the National Council, and he who receivestwo-thirds of the total number of votes cast by a sitting ofthe Council consisting of over three-fourths of the totalnumber of members shall be elected.ART. 30. The Provisional President represents the Pro-visional Government as the fountain of all executive powersand for promulgating all laws.ART. 31. The Provisional President may issue or causeto be issued orders for the execution of laws and of powersdelegated to him by the law.ART. 32. The Provisional President shall be the Com-mander-in-Chief of the Army and Navy of the whole ofChina.ART. 33. The Provisional President shall ordain andestablish the administrative system and official regulations,


5/69

320 Appendix Ibut he must first submit them to the National Council forits approval.ART. 34. The Provisional President shall appoint andremove civil and military officials,but in the appointmentof Members of the Cabinet, Ambassadors, and Ministers,he must have the concurrence of the National Council.ART. 35. The Provisional President shall have power,with the concurrence of the National Council, to declarewar and conclude treaties.ART. 36. The Provisional President may, in accordancewith law, declare a state of siege.ART . 37. The Provisional President shall, representingthe whole country, receive Ambassadors and Ministers offoreign countries.ART.38. The Provisional President may introduce Billsinto the National Council.ART.39. The Provisional President may confer decora-tions and other insignia of honour.ART.40. The Provisional President may declare generalamnesty, grant special pardon, commute punishment, andrestore rights, but in the case of a general amnesty he musthave the concurrence of the National Council. ART.4r. In case the Provisional President is impeachedby the National Council, he shall be tried by a special courtconsisting of nine judges elected from among the justices ofthe Supreme Court of the realm.ART.402. In case the Provisional President vacates hisofficefor various reasons,or is unable to discharge the powersand duties of the said office, the Provisional Vice-Presidentshall take his place.

Chapter 5. Member s oj th e C ab ine tART.43. The Premier and the Chiefs of the GovernmentDepartments shall be called Members of the Cabinet.ART.44. Members of the Cabinet shall assist the Pro-visionalPresident in assuming responsibilities.AllT. +5. Members of the Cabinet shall countersign all


6/69

BiUpc.tkttl the- ~.lti':!l1J.lCouncil.ART . r. L'pcn members l': the Cabinec h.lring- beenimpeached by the Ka.tionjl Council, the ProrlsioILll Presi-dent msv remove them from (If tke. but -uch remora] shallbe subjecr to the reconsideration of the .!\J.tionaI Council.

C " " P U I ' 6. r " " : T h a i " ; . , ) 'ART .,.8. The Judiciary shall be composed of those judgesappointed by the Pro; is ional President and the Minister ofJusti..:e.The organization of the Courts and the qualifications ofjudg es sh all be determined by 13.\\, .Au. 49. Th(' Judiciary shall try civil md criminal cases,but cases involving administrative .l.iIJirs or arising fromother particular causes shall be dealt with according tospecial laws.ART. 50. The trial of cases in the Law Courts shall beconducted publicly, but those affecting public safety andorder may be in camera.ART. 5 I. Judges shall be independent, and shall not besubject to the interference of higher officials.A R T . 52. Judges during their continuance in office shallnot have their emolument decreased and shall not be trans-

ferred to other offices. nor shall they be removed from officeexcept when they are com icted of crimes, or of offencespunishable according to law by removal from office.Regulations for the punishment of judges sh:111be deter-mined by law.Chapter 7. S upp lemen ta ry A rtic ks

ART. 53. Within ten months after the promulgation ofthis Provisional Constitution the Provis ional President shallconvene a National Assembly, the organization of which1832.13 v


7/69

322 Appendix Iand the laws tor the election of the members shall bedecided b y the National Council.AaT .54 . The Constitution of the Republic of China shallbe adopted by the National Assembly, but before thepromulgation of the Constitution, the Provisional Constitu-tion shall be as effective as the Constitution itself.ART. 55. The Provisional Constitution may be amendedby the assent of two-thirds of the members of the NationalCouncil or upon the application of the Provisional Presidentand being passed by over three-fourths of the quorum ofthe Council consisting ofover four-fifths of the total number

(If its members.ART. 56. The present Provisional Constitution shall takeeffect on the date of its promulgation, and the fundamentalarticles for the organization of the Provisional Governmentshall cease to be effective on the same date.

APPRNDIX IITreaties respecting Shantung, South ilfanchuriaand Eastern Inner Mongolia, and Exchanges ofNotes between China and Japan. May 25th,1915. (Translated from the Chinese)TREATY RESPECTING THE PROVINCE OF SHANTUNGHis Excellency the President of the Republic of Chinaand His Majesty the Emperor of Japan, having resolvedto conclude a Treaty with a view to the maintenance ofgeneral peace in the Extreme East and the further strength-ening of the relations of friendship, and good neighbour-hood now existing between the two nations, have for thatpurpose named as their Plenipotentiaries, that is to say:His Excellency the President of the Republic of China,Lou Tseug-tsiang, Chung-ching, First Class Chia-hoDecoration, Minister of Foreign Affairs.


8/69

A.ppendix IIAnd His Majesty the Emperor of japan, Hioki Eki.

Jushii, Second Class of the Imperial Order of the SacredTr~asure, ::\Iinister Plenipotentiary, , IUd Envoy Extra-ordinary :\Vho, after having communicated to each other theirfull powers and found them to he in g-ood and due form,have agreed upon and concluded the tollowinz articles :ART. I. The Chinese Government agrees t" gin~ fullassent to all matters upon which the ] .paJ1l's.:Covernmentmay hereafter agree with the German Government relatingto the disposition of all rights, interests .m.:! concessionswhich Germany, by virtue of treaties or otherwise, possessesin relation to the Province of Shantung.ART.2. The Chinese Government agree, that as regardsthe railway to be built by China herself from Chefoo orLungkow to connect wi th the Kiauchow-Chinanfu railway,if Germany abandons the privilege oi tln,llhinc: the Chefoo-\Yehsien line China will ,tppro.ldl J.lp.Il1P'" ".ll'it.tlim tonezotiate for a loan.\RT. 3: The Chinc-c (;-"vt:rl\ment agrees in the interestof trade J 1 1 , l fo r !lIP ] 'e


9/69

Appendix II

EXCHANGEOF NOTts Rf.SPECTINGSHANTUNGPeking, the 25th day o f the 5th mon th o fthe 4th year oj th e R epub lic o f China .

MONSIEURLEMINISTRE,In the name of the Chinese Government Ihave thehonour to make the following declaration to your Govern-ment: 'Within the Province of Shantung or along itscoast no territory or island will be leased or ceded to anyforeign Power under any pretext.'Iavail, etc.,

Signed: Lou TSENG-TSIANGHis Excellency HIOKI EXI,Japanese Minister.REPLY

Peking, the 25th day oj the 5th mon tho f the 4th year o j f]' e isbo,EXCELLENCY,

I have the honour to acknowledge the receipt of YourExcellency's note of this day's date in which you made thefollowing declaration in the name of the Chinese Govern-ment: 'Within the Province of Shantung or along itscoast no territory or island will be leased or ceded to anyforeign Power under any pretext.'In reply, I beg to state that I have taken note of thisdeclaration. Iavail, etc.,Signed: HIOKI EXI.

His Excellency Lou TSENG-TSIANG,Minister of Foreign Affairs.


10/69

Appendix II 3 2 5EXCHANGE OF NOTES RSP!:CTING TIl!: OPENING OF

POR1'S IN SHANTUNGPeking, the 25th day o j the 5th mon th o f th e4th year o f th e Rep1lblic o j China .

MONSIEUR LE r..ftNISTRt.,Ihave the honour to state that the places which oughtto be opened as Commercial Ports bv China herself, asprovided in Article 3 of the Treaty respecting the Provinceof Shantung signed this day , will be selected, and theregulations therefor will be drawn up, by the ChineseGovernment itself, a decision concerning which will bemade after consulting the Minister of Japan.Ia, ail, ctc.,Signed: Lou TS!:~G-TsIANG.His Excellencv HIOK! hKI,Japanese :r\linistcr.

R),PL1

ExCELLENCY,I han the honour tv acknowledge the receipt of YourExcellency's note of this day's date in which yon stated, that the places which ought to be opened as CommercialPorts by China herself, as provided in Article 3 of the

Treaty respecting the Province of Shcntuna signed thisday, will be selected, and the regulation- therefor will bedrawn up, by the Chinese Government rtsell, a decisionconcerning which will be made artei consulting theMinister of Japan'.In reply, I beg to state that I have taken note of me

P r k 1 1 1 g , tbc z5tb day o j the 5th month oj.tb 4th year o f T a is b,

same, Iavail, etc.,Signed: HroKI EKX.His Excellency Lou TSENG-TsIANG,Minister of Foreign Aft-airs.


11/69

Appendix IIEXCHANGE OF NOTESRESPECTINGTHERESTORATIONOF

THE LEASEDTERRITORYOF KIAOCHOWBAYPeking, the 25th day o j the 5th montho f the fth year o f 'Iisho.EXCELLENCY,In the name of my Government I have the honour tomake the following declaration to the Chinese Government.When, after the termination of the present war, theleased territory of Kiaochow Bay is completely left to the

free disposal of Japan, the Japanese Government willrestore the said leased territory to China under the followingconditions:I. The whole of Kiaochow Bay to be opened as a Com-mercial Port.2. A concession under the exclusive jurisdiction of Japanto be established at a place designated by the JapaneseGovernment.3. If the foreign PO\\elS desire it, an internationalconcession may be established.f. As regards the disposal to be made of the buildingsand properties of Germany and the conditions and procedurerelating thereto, the Japanese Government and the ChineseGovernment shall arrange the matter by mutual agreementbefore the restoration. I avail, etc.,Signed: HIOKI EKI.His Excellency Lou TSENC-TSIANC,Minister of Foreign Affairs.

REPLYP eking, the 25th day o f the 5th month o fthe ftb year o f the Republic o f China .

MONSIEURLE MINISTRI:,Ihave the honour to acknowledge the receipt of YourExcel lency ' s note of this day's date in which you made thefollowing declaration in the name of your Government:


12/69

Appmdix II'When, after the termination of the present war, the

leased territory of Kiaochow Bay is completely left to thefree disposal of Japan, the Japanese Government willrestore the said leased territory to China under the followingconditions: .I.The whole of Kiaochow Bay to be opened as a Com-mercial Port.a, A concession under the exclusive jurisdiction of Japanto be established at a place designated by the JapaneseGovernment.3. If the foreign Powers desire it, an internationalconcession may be established.4 . A s regards the disposal to be made of the buildingsand properties of Germany and the conditions and pro-cedure relating thereto, the Japanese Government and theChinese Government shall arrange the matter by mutualagreement before the restoration.'In reply, I beg to state that Ihave taken note of this

declaration. Iavail, etc.,Signed: Lou TSENC-TSIANG.His Excellency HIOKI EKI,Japanese Minister.TREATY RESPECTING SOUTH MANCIlURIA AND EASTERN

INNER MONCOLIAHis Excellency the President of the Republic of Chinaand his Majesty the Emperor of Japan, having resolved toconclude a Treaty with a view to developing their economicrelations in South Manchuria and Eastern Inner Mongolia,have for that purpose named as their Plenipotentiaries,that is to Bay:His Excellency the President of the Republic of China,Lou Tseng-tsiang, Chung-ching, First Class Chia-hoDecoration, and Minister of Foreign Affairs; and HisMajesty the Emperor of Japan, Hioki Eki, Jushii, Second


13/69

Appendix IIClassof the Imperial Order of the Sacred Treasure, MinisterPlenipotentiary and Envoy Extraordinary.Who, after having communicated to each other theirfull powers, and found them to be in good and due form,have agreed upon and concluded the following Articles:. ART. I. The Two High Contracting Parties agree thatthe term of lease of Port Arthur and Dalny, and the termsof the South Manchurian Railway and the Antung-MukdenRailway, shall be extended to 99 years.ART.2. Japanese subjects in South Manchuria may, bynegotiation, lease land necessary for erecting suitablebuildings for trade and manufacture or for prosecutingagricultural enterprises.ART. 3. Japanese subjects shall be free to reside andtravel in South Manchuria and to engage in business andmanufacture of any kind whatsoever.ART.4. In the event of Japanese and Chinese desiringjointly to undertake agricultural enterprises and industriesincidental thereto, the Chinese Government may give itspermission.ART. 5. The Japanese subjects referred to in the pre-ceding three articles, besides being required to register withthe local Authorities passports which they must procureunder the existing regulations, shall also submit to thepolice law and ordinances and taxation of China.Civil and criminal cases in which the defendants areJapanese shall be tried and adjudicated by the JapaneseConsul; those in which the defendants are Chinese shallbe tried and adjudicated by Chinese Authorities. In eithercase an officer may be deputed to the court to attend theproceedings. But mixed civil cases between Chinese andJapanese relating to land shall be tried and adjudicated bydelegates of both nations conjointly in accordance withChinese law and local usage.When, in future, the judicial system in the said region iscompletely reformed, all civil and criminal casesconcerningJapanese subjects shall be tried and adjudicated entirely byChinese law courts.


14/69

Appendi II_ \RT .6 . The Chinese Government agrees, in the lnterest

of trade and br the residence of foreicners, that Chinaherself shall open. as soon a, possible. certain suitable placesinEastern Inner Monzolia as Commercial POTts._hT. ,. The Chi~ese Government Jgrees speedily tomake a fundamental revision of the Kirin-ChangchanRailway Loan Agreement, taking as a standard the pro-visions in railway agreements made heretofore betweenChina and foreign financiers.When in future, more a d, a nta g eo us terms th an th o se in ex -isting railway loan agreements are granted to foreign finan-ciers in connection wirh railway loans, the above agreementsh all a ga in be revised in accordance with Japan's wishes ,A R T . 8. All existing treaties ben, een China and Japanrelating to !o.lanchuria shall. except where otherwise pro-vided for by this Treaty, remain in force ..ART.9 . The present Treat)" shall come into force on thedate of its signature. The present Treaty shall be ratifiedby His Excellency the President of the Republic of Chinaand His :\Iajesty the Emperor of Japan, and the ratificationsthereof shall be exchanged at Tokio as soon as possible,In witness whereof, the respecrix e Plenipotentiaries ofthe two High Contracting Parties h3' e signed and sealedthe present Treaty, two copies in the Chinese language,and two in Japanese.Done at Peking this t\\ enty-fifth day of the fifth month ofthe fourth year o f the Republic o f China, corresponding to thesame day of the same month of the fourth) ear of Taisho,EXCHA:'G[ OF Norrs RUPLCTING fHl. TI:lI.!II~Of Ll:ltbl O~

PORT ARTHUR AND DAUT A.,\D THE TrltMs or Sor-rnMANCHURIAN AND ANTUloG-:MuKDEK RAILWAYS

P eking, the 26th Jay o j the 5th 'IfI.!J'Rih ojthe 4 J h }'eM o j t lJe Repuh li c o j Cbiu. .MONSIEUR LE MINISTllE,Ihave th e honour to sta te that, re sp ec tin g th e p ro vls lo llD :Scon tain ed in Article 1o f th e T rea ty relating to South


15/69

3 30 Appendix IIManchuria and Eastern Inner Mongolia, signed this day,the term of lease of Port Arthur and Dalny shall expire inthe 86th year of the Republic or 1997. The date forrestoring the South Manchurian Railway to China shallfall due inthe 91st year of the Republic or 2002. Article 21in the original South Manchurian Railway Agreement,providing that it may be redeemed by China after 36 yearsfrom the day on which the traffic is opened, is herebycancelled. The term of the Antung-Mukden Railwayshall expire in the 96th year of the Republic or 2007.

I avail, etc.,Signed: 'Lou TSENG-TSIANG.His Excellency HIOKI EKI,Japanese Minister.

REPLYPeking, the 1.5th day oj the 5th monthoj the 4th year o f r r aisb ,

ExCELLENCY, I have the honour to acknowledge the receipt of YourExcellency's note of this day's date in which you stated that'respecting the provisions contained in Article I of theTreaty relating to South Manchuria and Eastern InnerMongolia, signed this day, the term of lease of Port Arthurand Dalny shall expire in the 86th year of the Republicor 1997. The date for restoring the South ManchurianRailway to China shall fall due in the 91st year of theRepublic or 1.002. Article ZI in the original South Man-churian Railway Agreement, providing that it may beredeemed by China after 36 years from the day on _whichthe traffic is opened, is hereby cancelled. The term of theAntung-Mukden Railway shall expire in the 96th year ofthe Republic or 2007.'In reply. I beg to state that I have taken note of the same.

I avail, etc., -Signed: HIOK! EKI.His Excellency Lou. TSENG-THANG,Minister of Foreign Affairs.


16/69

Appendix II 33%ExCHANGE OF KOTES RESPECTI~G THE OPXI!'\G OT

POIlTS I!I. EASTERX Ixxra l\IOhGOLIAP..ki"g, tb~ 25th dd)' of th, 5tb lIIM1th ofthe flh yeor of the RepllbU, o f Cbind.

MONSIEURL:E ::\lIxISTRE,I have the honour to state that the places which oughtto be opened as Commercial Pons by China henelf, asprovided in Article 6 of the Treaty respecting South

Manchuria and Eastern Inner l\Iongolia signed this day,will be selected, and the regulations therefor will be drawnup, by the Chinese Govemment itself, a decision concerningwhich will be made after consul t ing the M in iste r o f Japan.Iavail, etc.,Signed: Lou TSENG- TSIAKG.His Excellency Thou Eh.I,Japanese Minister.

RLPLy'P ekitlg, the 25th d t l Y o f fhe 5th montho j th e 04-thyeor o f Toisho.

EXCELLENCY,I have the honour to acknowledge the receipt of YourExcellency's note of this day's date in which you stated thatthe places which ought to be opened as Commercial Ports

by Chin .. herself, as provided in Article 6 of the Treatyrespecting South Manchuria and Eastern Inner Mongoliasigned this day, wil l be selected, and the regulations thereforwill be drawn up, by the Chinese Government itself,a decision concerning which will be made after consultingthe Minister of Japan.In reply, I beg to state that I have taken note o f the same.Iavail, etc.,Signed: Hroxr EXI.His Excellency Lou TSENG- TSIANC,Minister of Foreign Affairs.


17/69

33~ . . . Appendix IISOUTH MANCHURIA

Peking, the 25th day of the 5th month o fthe 4th year o f the Republic o f China.MONSIEUR LE MINISTRE,Ihave the honour to state that Japanese subjects shall,as soon as possible, investigate and select mines in themining areas in South Manchuria specified hereinunder,except those being prospected for or worked, and the

Chinese Government will then permit them to prospector work the same; but before the Mining regulations aredefinitely settled, the practice at present in force shall befollowed.LOCALITY

Hiu Hsin T'aiTien Shih Fu KouSha Sung KangT'ieh Ch'angNuan Ti T'angAn Shan Chan region

Sha Sung KangKang YaoChia p O i Kou

PROVINCES: FENGTIENDISTRICTPen-hsi"ai-lung

Tung-huaChinFrom Liaoyang to Pen-halKIRIN (Southern portion)

He-lungChi-lin (Kirin)Hua-tien

MINERALCoa l""""ron

C. & I.CoalGoldIvail, etc.,Signed: Lou TSENG-TsIANG.His ExcellencyHlOKIEKI,Japanese Minister.REPLY

Peking, the 25th day o f the 5th montho f the 4th year of 'Iisho.EXCELLENCY,Ihave the honour to acknowledge the receipt of YourExcellency's note of this day's date respecting the opening


18/69

Appelldix II 333of mines in South Manchuria, stating: 'Japanese subjectsshall, as soon as possible, investigate and select mines inthe mining areas in South Manchuria specified hereinunder,excepting those being prospected for or worked, and theChinese Government will then permit them to prospector work the same, but before the Mining regulations aredefinitely settled, the practice at present in force shall befollowed.

PROVINCES: FENGTIENLOCAliTY

Hui Hsin T'aiTien Shih Fu KouSha Sung KangT'ieh Ch'angNuan Ti T'angAn Shan C h a n region

DISTRICTPen-hsi

. "Hal-lungTung-huaChinFrom Liaoyang to Pen -ha lKIRIN (Southern portion)

Sha Sung Kang He-lungKang Yao Chi-lin (Kirin)Chia P'i Kou Hua-tien

MINERALCoal""""ron

C.&I.CoalGold'Signed: HIOKI EKI.

His Excellency Lou TSENG-TSIANG,Minister of Foreign Affairsof the Republic of China.EXCHANGEOF NOTESRESPECTINGRAILWAYSANDTAXESIN SOUTHMANCHURIAANDEASTERNNNERMONGOLIA

P eking , the 25th day o f the 5th mon th o fth e 4th year o f the Repub lic o f C hina .MONSIEURL~ MINISTRE,

In the name of my Government, I have the honour tomake the following declaration to your Government:China will hereafter provide funds for building necessaryrailways in South Manchuria and Eastern Inner Mongolia;


19/69


20/69

A ppe1dix II jj::lR'CCHANGE OF NOTES RESPECTING THE EMPLOYMENT otADVISERS I'll SOUTH AhS-CIIURIA

Peking, the 25th day oj the 5th 11 W#thojthe 4th year o f th e R epub lic o f China .MONSIEUR. LE MIN ISTRE,

In the name of the Chinese Government, I have thehonour to make the following declaration to your Govern -ment:, Hereafter, if foreign advisersor instructors on political,financial, military or police matters are to be employed inSouth Manchuria, Japanesewill be employed first.'Iavail, etc.,Signed: Lou TSENG- TSIANG.His Excellency HIOKIEKI,Japanese Minister.

REPLY

Peking, the 25th day o f the 5th month o fthe 4th year o f 'lisho.EXCELLENCY,

I have the honour to acknowledge the receipt of YourExcellency's note of this day's date in which you made thefollowing declaration in the name of your Govefn.ment :, Hereafter, iCforeign advisers or instructors on political,financial, military or police matters are to be employed inSouth Manchuria, Japanese will be employed first.'In reply, I beg to state that I have taken note of the same.I avail, etc.,Signed: HIOKIEKI.His Excellency Lou TSENG-SIANG,Minister of Foreign Affairs.


21/69

3 3 4 Appendix IIif .foreign capital is required China will negotiate for a loanwith Japanese capitalists first; and further, the ChineseGovernment, when making a loan in future on the securityof the taxes in the above-mentioned places (excluding thesalt and customs revenue, which has already been pledgedby the Chinese Central Government) will negotiate for itwith Japanese capitalists first.

I avail, etc.,Signed: Lou TSENG-TSIANG.His Excellency HIOKI EKI,Japanese Minister.

REPLY

EXCELLENCY,I have the honour to acknowledge the receipt of YourExcellency's note of this day's date respecting railways andtaxes in South Manchuria and Eastern Inner Mongolia inwhich you stated:, China will hereafter provide funds for building necessaryrailways in South Manchuria and Eastern Inner Mongolia;if foreign capital is required China will negotiate for a loanwith Japanese capitalists first; and further, the ChineseGovernment, when making a loan in future on the securityof taxes in tlie above-mentioned places (excluding the saltand cus~oms revenue, which has already been pledged bythe Chinese Central Government) will negotiate for it withJapanese capitalists first.'In reply, I beg to state that I have taken note of the same.I avail, etc.,Signed: HIOKI EKI.

Peking, the 25 th day o f th e 5th mon tho f th e 4 th year o f r r ai sho .

~His Excellency Lou TSENG-TSIANG,Minister of Foreign Affairs.


22/69

Appendix II 335EXCHANGE OF Nons RESPfCTINC TilE EMPLOYlIEKT orADVISER.S 1'/ SOUTH l\IANCHURIA

P eki1 Zg, th e 25th da y o j th e 5th month o fth e 4th yea r o j th e R ep ub lic o j Chi1Za .MONSIEURLEMINISTllE,

In the name of the Chinese Government, I have thehonour to make the following declaration to your Govern-ment:

C Hereafter, if foreign advisers or instructors on political,financial, military or police matters are to be employed inSouth Manchuria, Japanese will be employed first.'Iavail, etc.,Signed: Lou TSENG-TSIANG.His Excellency HIOKI EKI,Japanese Minister.

REPLYPeking, the 25th day o j the 5th m onth ojthe fth year o j 'Iaisho .

EXCELLENCY, I have the honour to acknowledge the receipt of YourExcellency's note of this day's date in which you made thefollowing declaration in the name of your Govefnment :, Hereafter, ifforeign advisers or instructors on political,financial, military or police matters are to be employed inSouth Manchuria, Japanese will be employed first.'In reply, Ibeg to state that Iave taken note of the same.

I avail, etc.,Signed: HIOKI EKI.His Excellency Lou TSENG-TSIANG,Minister of Foreign Affairs.


23/69

A p p e 1 1 d i x IIEXCHANGEOF NOTESRESPECTINCTIlE EXPLA'IATIONOF'LEASE llY NEGOTIATI01'l IN SOUTHMANCHURIA

Peking, the 25th day o j the 5th mon tho f the 4th year o f Ta i s bo .EXCELLENCY,I have the honour to state that the term' lease by negotia-tion' contained in Article z of the Treaty respecting SouthManchuria and Eastern Inner Mongolia signed this day shallbe understood to imply a long-term lease of not more thanthirty years and also the possibility of its unconditionalrenewal. Iavail, etc.,Signed: HIOKI EKI.

His Exc~llency Lou TSENG-TsIANG,Minister of Foreign Affairs.

REPLYPeking, the 25th day o j the 5th m on th o jthe 4th year oj th e Rep flb l it o f China .

MONSIEURLE MINISTRE,Ihave the honour to acknowledge the receipt of YourExcellency's note of this day's date in which you state:, The term" lease by negotiation" contained in Article 2of the Treaty respecting South Manchuria and Eastern InnerMongolia signed this day shall be understood to imply a long-term lease of not more than thirty years and also thepossibility of its unconditional renewal.'In reply, I beg to state that I have taken note of the same.

Iavail, etc.,Signed: Lou TSENG-TSIANG.His Excellency HIOKI EKI,Japanese Minister.


24/69

Appendix II 337EXCHANGEOF NOTES RESPECTINGTIlE ARRANGEMENTOR

POLICE LAWS AND ORDINANCESAND TAXATION INSOUTHMANCHURIAANDEASTERNINNERMONGOLIAPeking, the 25th day o j the 5th month ojthe 4th year o j the Republic o j China.

MONSIEURLEMINISTRE,I have the honour to state that the Chinese Authoritieswill notify the Japanese Consul of the police laws and

ordinances and the taxation to which Japanese subjects shallsubmit according to Article 5 of the Treaty respecting SouthManchuria and Eastern Inner Mongolia signed this day soas to come to an understanding with him before theirenforcement.I avail, etc.,Signed: Lou TSENG-TSIANG.

His Excellency HIOKI EXI,Japanese Minister.

EXCELLENCY,I have the honour to acknowledge the receipt of YourExcellency'S note of this day's date in which you state:'The Chinese Authorities will notify the Japanese Consul

of the police laws and ordinances and the taxation to whichJapanese subjects shall submit according to Article 5 of theTreaty respecting South Manchuria and Eastern Inner Mon-golia signed this day so as to come to an understanding withhim before their enforcement.'In reply, I beg to state that I have taken note of the same.I avail, etc.,Signed: HIOKI EKI.

His Excellency Lou TSENG-TSIANG,Minister of Foreign Affairs.1832.13 Z

RCPLYPeking, the 25th day oj the 5th montho j the 4th year oj 'lisho.


25/69

Appendix IINOTE

Peking, the 25th day o j the 5th month o fthe 4th year o j th e R epub lic oj China .MONSIEURLE MINISTRE,Ihave the honour to state that, inasmuch as preparationshave to be made regarding Articles 2, 3, f, and 5 of theTreaty respecting South Manchuria and Eastern InnerMongolia signed this day, the Chinese Government proposes

that the operation of the said Articles be postponed fora period of three months beginning from the date of thesigning of the said Treaty.I hope your Government will agree to this proposal.I avail, etc.,Signed: Lou TSENG-TSIANG.

His Excellency HIOKI EKI.Japanese Minister.REPLY

EXCELLENCY,I have the honour to acknowledge the receipt of YourExcellency's note of this day's date in which you stated

that 'inasmuch as/reparations have to be made regardingArticles 2, 3, 4, an 5 of the Treaty respecting South Man-churia and Eastern Inner Mongolia signed this day, theChinese Government proposes that the operation of thesaid Articles be postponed for a period of three monthsbeginning from the date of the signing of the said Treaty'.In reply, I beg to state that I have taken note of the same.I avail, etc.,Signed: HIOKI EKI.

His Excellency Lou TSENG-TSIANG,Minister of Foreign Affairs.

Peking, the 25th Jay o j the 5th mon thoj the 4th year o f T a is b o,


26/69

Appendix II 339EXCHANGE OF NOTES RESP[CTING THE MATTER OF

HANYEHPINGPeking, the 25th day oj the 5th motlth ofthe 4th year oj the Republic oj China.

MONSIEUR LE MINISTRE,Ihave the honour to state that if in future the Han-yehping Company and the Japanese capitalists agree uponco-operation, the Chinese Government, in view of theintimate relations subsisting between the Japanese capitalistsand the said Company, will forthwith give its permission.The Chinese Government further agrees not to confiscatethe said Company, nor, without the consent of the Japanesecapitalists, to convert it into a state enterprise, nor cause itto borrow and use foreign capital other than Japanese.Iavail, etc.,Signed: Lou TSENG-TsIANG.His Excellency HIOKI EKr,Japanese Minister.

REPLY

Peking, the 25th day o f the 5th monthoj the 4th year o f 'Iisho.EXCELLENCY,Ihave the honour to acknowledge the receipt of YourExcellency's note of this day's date in which you state:,If in future the Hanyehping Company and the Japanesecapitalists agree upon co-operation, the Chinese Govern-ment, in view of the intimate relations subsisting betweenthe Japanese capitalists and the said Company, will forth-with give its permission. The Chinese Government further

agrees not to confiscate the said Company, nor, without theconsent of the Japanese capitalists, to convert it into a statez2


27/69

340 Appendix IIenterprise, nor cause it to borrow and use foreign capitalother than Japanese.'In reply, I beg to state that I have taken note of the same.

I avail, etc.,. Signed: HIOKI EKI.His Excellency Lou TSENG-TSIANG,Minister of Foreign Affairs.EXCHANGEOF NOTESRESPECTINGTHE FUKIEN QUESTION

Peking, the 25th day o j the 5th month o jthe 4th year of the Republic o f China.EXCELLENCY,

A report has reached me to the effect that the ChineseGovernment has the intention of permitting foreign nationsto establish on the coast of Fukien Province, dockyards,coaling stations for military use, naval bases, or to set upother military establishments; and also of borrowing foreigncapital for the purpose of setting up the above-mentionedestablishments.I have the honour to request that Your Excellency willbe good enough to give me reply stating whether or notthe Chinese Government really entertains such an intention.I avail, etc.,Signed: HIOKI EKI.

His Excellency Lou TSENG-TsIANG,Minister of Foreign Affairs.

REPLYPeking, the 25th day o j the 5th month o fthe 4th year oj the Republic oj China.

MONSIEURLEMINISTRE,Ihave the honour to acknowledge the receipt of YourExcellency'S note of this day's date, which I have noted.In reply, I beg to inform you that the Chinese Government


28/69

Appendix IIhereby declares that it has given no permission to foreignnations to construct on the coast of Fukien Province, dock-yards, coaling stations for military use, naval bases, or toset up other military establishments; nor does it entertainan intention of borrowing foreign capital for the purposeof setting up the above-mentioned establishments.

I avail, etc.,Signed: Lou TSENG-TsIANG.His Excellency HIOKI EKI,

Japanese Minister.APPENDIX III

Documents 1 relative to the Negotiations betweenJapan and the Allied Powers as to the dis-posal of German rights in respect of ShantungProvince, and the South Sea Islands northof the EquatorTHE BRITISHEMBASSYTO THE JAPANESEMINISTRYOFFOREIGNAFFAIRS

(February 16, 1917)MONSIEUR ; E MINISTRE,

With reference to the subject of our conversation of the27th ultimo, when Your Excellency informed me of thedesire of the Imperial Government to receive an assurancethat, on the occasion of a Peace Conference, His BritannicMajesty's Government will support the claims of Japan inregard to the disposal of Germany's rights in Shantung andpossessions in the Islands North of the Equator, I have thehonour, under instructions received from his Britannic1The existence of these Documents was not known to the UnitedStates or the Chinese Government till the Peace Conference began t o .dj;al with the Shantung Question.


29/69

342 Appewlix IIIMajesty's Principal Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs,to communicate to Your Excellency the following messagefrom His Britannic Majesty's Government :His Majesty's Government accedes with pleasure to therequest of the Japanese Government for an assurance thatthey will support Japan's claims in regard to the disposalof Germany's rights in Shantung and possessions in IslandsNorth of the Equator on the occasion of Peace Conference,it being understood that the Japanese Government will, ineventual peace settlement, treat in same spirit Great Britain'sclaims to German Islands South of Equator.I avail myself of this opportunity, Monsieur Ie Ministre,to renew to Your Excellency the assurance of my highestconsidera tion. Signed: CONYNGHAMGREENE,H.B.M. Ambassador.His ExcellencyVISCOUNT !cHIRO MOTONO,H.I.J.M. Minister for Foreign Affairs,etc., etc., etc.

THE JAPANLSLMINISTRYOF FOREIGNAFFAIRSTO THEBRITISHEMBASSY(February 21, 1917)

TranslationMONSUURL'AMBASSADJ:UR,

I have the honour to acknowledge the receipt of YourExcellency's Note of the 16th instant, giving assurance thatHis Britannic Majesty's Government will support the claimsto he advanced by the Imperial Government in regard tothe disposal of Germany's rights in Shantung and possessionsin Islands North of Equator on the occasion of a PeaceConference.The Japanese Government are deeply appreciative of theMendly spirit in which your Government have given the


30/69

Appendix III 3+3assurance, and are happy to note it as a fresh proof ofthe close ties that unite the two Allied Powers. I takepleasure in stating that the Japanese Go, ernment, on theirpart, are fully prepared to support in the same spirit theclaims which may be put forward at Peace Conference byHis Britannic Majesty's Government in regard to Germanpossessions in Islands South of Equator.I avail myself of this opportunity, Monsieur l'Ambas.sadeur, to renew to Your Excellency the assurance of myhighest consideration.

His ExcellencySIR CONYNGHAM GRE.E.NE,etc., etc., etc.

Signed: ICHIROMOTONO,etc., etc., etc.

THE JAPANESEMINISTRYOF FOREIGNAFFAIRSTO THERUSSIAN AND FRENCH EMBASSIES

(February 19, 1917)'IranslationThe Imperial Govemment has not yet formally enteredinto conversations with the Entente Powers concerning theconditions of peace it proposes to present to Germany, beingguided by the thought that such questions ought to bedecided in concert between Japan and the said Powers atthe moment when the peace negotiations start.Nevertheless, in view of recent development in the generalsituation, and in view of the particular arrangements con-cerning peace conditions, such as arrangements relative tothe disposition of the Bosphorus, Constantinople, and theDardanelles, having already been entered into by the Powersinterested, the Imperial Government believes that themoment has come for it also to express its desiderata relativeto certain conditions of peace essential to Japan and tosubmit them for the consideration of the Government ofRussia (of the French Republic).The Government of Russia (of the Republic) is fully aware


31/69

344 Appet~dixIIIof all the efforts the Imperial Government has made ina general manner to accomplish its task in the present war,and particularly with a view of guaranteeing for the futurethe peace of Oriental Asia and of the security of the JapaneseEmpire, for both of which it is absolutely necessary todeprive Germany of its bases of political, military, andeconomic activity in the Far East.Under these conditions the Imperial Government intendsto demand from the German Government at the time ofpeace negotiations the surrender of the territorial rightsand special interests Germany possessed before the war inShantung and in the Islands belonging to her, situated tothe North of the Equator in the Pacific Ocean.The Imperial Government ventures to hope that theGovernment of Russia (of the French Republic), in viewof the legitimacy of these claims, will give the assurancethat, whenever the case arises, the Imperial Governmentmay count upon its full support on this question.Itgoes without saying that reparations for damages causedto the lives and property of the Japanese people by theunjustifiable attacks of the enemy, as well as other conditionsof peace of a character common to all the Entente Powers,are entirely outside the consideration of the present question.THE FRENCH EMBASSY TO THE JAPANESE MINISTRY OF

FOREIGN AFFAIRS(March I, 1917)'Ianslat ion

The Government of the Republic is disposed to give theJapanese Government its assistance in regulating, at thetime of the _peace negotiations, questions essential to Japanconcerning Shantung and the German Islands in the Pacific,situated to the North of the Equator. It also agrees tosupport the demands of the Imperial Government for thesurrender of the rights Germany possessed before the warin this Chinese province and the Islands.


32/69

A ppendix I I I 345M. Briand requests, on the other hand, that the japanese

Government give its support to obtain from China therupture of its diplomatic relations with Germany, and thatshe push this act to a desirable extent. The consequencesof this, according to him, would be :I. The handing over of passports to the German diplo-matic and consular agents.2. The obligation of all German nationals to leave Chineseterritory.3. The internment of German ships having sought refugein Chinese ports and the ultimate requisition of these shipsin order to place them at the disposition of the Allies,following the example of Italy and Portugal. From theadvices which reached the French Government, there arefifteen German ships ill Chinese ports totalling about 40,000tons.4. The sequestration of German commercial houses estab-lished in China.5. The forfeiture of the rights of Germany in the con-cessions she possessed in certain ports.THE JAPA~ESE MINISTRY OF FOREIGN AFFAIRS TO THE

FRENCH EMBASSY(March 6, I917)

1'ran.rlationThe Ministry of Foreign Affairs has the honour to acknow-

ledge the receipt of the Note of the French Embassy, underthe date of March I, 1917, informing that the FrenchGovernment is disposed to give the Imperial Governmentits assistance in regulating, at the time of the peace negotia-tions, questions essential to Japan concerning Shantung andthe German Islands in the Pacific, situated to the Northof the Equator, and that it agrees to support the demandsof the Imperial Government for the surrender of the rightsGermany possessed before the war in Shantung and in theaforesaid Islands.The Imperial Government takes note of this communica-


33/69

Appendix IIItion with profound gratitude for the friendly sentimentwhich inspired the French Government in giving its fullassent to the desiderata of the Imperial Government.The aforesaid Note equally set forth the desire of HisExcellency, M. Briand, of ensuring the support of theImperial Government with a view to obtaining from Chinathe rupture of her diplomatic relations with Germany, toits full, desirable extent. Concerning this question, theImperial Government, as the French Government was con-stantly kept informed of it, did not fail to make all effortsfrom the beginning. Consequently, the Imperial Govern-ment has hereby only to confirm its intention of giving itsentire support to the desire expressed by M. Briand, inaccord with the Allies, with a view to bringing about theconsequences enumerated in the above-mentioned Note.THI: RUSSIAN EMBASSY TO TIl!: JAPANESE MINISTRY OF

FOREIGN AFFAIRS(February 20 and March 5, 1917)r ratzslatio11

In reply to the Note of the Japanese Ministry-of ForeignAffairs, under the date of February 19 last, the RussianEmbassy is charged with giving the Japanese Governmentthe assurance that it can entirely count on the support ofthe Imperial Government of Russia with regard to itsdesiderata concerning the eventual surrender to Japan ofthe rights belonging to Germany in Shantung and of theGerman Islands, occupied by the Japanese forces, in thePacific Ocean to the North of the Equator.TH}' JAPANESE MINISTRY OF FOREIGN AFFAIRS TO THE

RUSSIAN EMBASSY(March 8, 1917)r ranslationThe Ministry of Foreign Affairshas the honour to acknow-ledge the receipt of the Note of the RussianEmbassy, under


34/69

A ppendix I I I 3 4 7the date of March 5, 1917, in reply to the Note of theMinistry under the date of February 19 of the same year.In the said Note, the Russian Embassy was good enoughto declare that it was charged with giving the JapaneseGovernment the assurance that it could entirely count uponthe support of the Russian Government with regard to itsdesiderata concerning the e v entual surrender to Japan ofthe rights belonging to Germany in Shantung and of theGerman Islands in the Pacific, situated to the North ofthe Equator.The Japanese Government takes note of this communica-tion with profound gratitude for the sentiment whichinspired the Russian Government in giving its full assentto the desiderata of the Japanese Government.Tnn JAPANESE EMBASSY TO TIll: ITALIAN GOVE~NMENT

(March 23, 1917)Trans la t io

The Imperial Japanese Government intends to demandfrom the German Government, at the negotiations of peace,the surrender of the territorial rights and special interestswhich Germany possessed,before the war, in Shantung andin the German Islands in the Pacific, situated to the Northof the Equator. _In view of the present phase of events, the ImperialGovernment believed it bound to ensure forthwith theentire support of the English, French, and Russian Govern-ments, in case the foregoing claims should be presented toGermany at the peace negotiations.In bringing to the knowledgeof the Royal Government ofItaly as a very confidential information that an arrangementhas recently been entered into between the Imperial Govern-ment of one part and the British, French, and RussianGovernments of the other part, relating to the foregoing,the Imperial Government has the firmest conviction thatthe Royal Government of Italy, being inspired by the senti-ments. of friendship which animate the two countries, and


35/69

Appendix I IIconsidering the necessityofmutual assistancefor the triumphof the common causein the present" ar, will be good enoughto welcome with satisfaction the conclusion of the above-mentioned arrangement.ITALY'S REPLY TO THE Non. OF THE JAPANESE EMBASSY

(March 23, 1917)Upon reading the foregoing Memorandum, the ItalianMinister for Foreign Affairssaid to the JapaneseAmbassador

that the Italian Government had no objection regardingthe matter.APPENDIX IV

Exchange oj Notes betweenthe Chinese Ministerat Tokio and the ] apanese Minister jorForeign Affairs respecting the Constructionoj Tsinanju-Shunteh and Kaomi-HsuchowRailways, September 24th, 1918NOT!: FROM MR. TS~NG-HSIANG CHANG Tb THE

JAPANEst MINIST!:R FOB. FOREIGN AFFAIRSTokyo, September 24, 1918.

MONSIEUR LE MINISTRt,The Chinese Government have decided to obtain loansfrom Japanese capitalists for the purpose of constructing assoon as possible the railways connecting points as below setforth. Having received an authorization from my Govern-ment, I have the honour to communicate the same to yourGovernment.

I.Between Tsinanfu and Shunteh;2. Between Kaomi and Hsuchow.

However, in case the above-mentioned two lines aredeemed to be disadvantageous from the point of view ofrailway enterprise, other suitable lines will be decided uponby consultation.


36/69

A ppe1tdix IV 349. ~hould there be no objection to the above propositionsIt.lS requested that your Government will proceed forth-with to take the necessary steps to cause Japanese capitaliststo agree to enter into negotiations for loans on the same.A reply to the above communication will be appreciated.

Signed: TSUNG-HsIANGCHANG.His Excellency BARONSHIMPEIGOTO, etc.BARONGOTO TO THE CHINESEMINISTERAT TOKIO

Tokyo, September 24, 1918.MONSIEURLX MINISTRE,Ihave the honour to acknowledge the receipt of YourExcellency's note of this day's date in which you state thatyour Government have decided to obtain loans from Japanesecapitalists for the purpose of constructing as soon as possiblethe railways connecting points as below set forth.(Quotes Items 1-2 as given in the note of the ChineseMinister.)The Imperial Government acknowledge with pleasure thecommunication of the Chinese Government, and beg tostate in reply that they will proceed forthwith to take thenecessary steps to cause Japanese capitalists to agree to enterinto negotiations for loans on the same.

Signed: SHIMPEI GOTO.His Excellency Mr. TSUNG-HsIANGCHANG,etc.

APPENDIX VPreliminary Contract between China and Japan'respec#ng the Tsinanju-Shunteh and Kaomi-Hsuchow Railways, September 24th, I9IBThe full text of the preliminary contract for the Tsinanfu-

Shunteh and Kaomi-Hsuchow railways construction loan isas follows:For the construction of two railways-one from Tsinanfu


37/69

350 Appendix Vin the Province of Shantung to Shunteh in the Province ofChili, the other from Kaomi in the Province of Shantungto Hsuchow in the Province of Kiangsu (hereafter calledthe Two Railways)-the Government of the Republic ofChina (hereafter called the Government) of the first part,and the Japanese Industrial Bank representing the threebanks, the Japanese Industrial Bank, the Taiwan Bank, andthe Chosen Bank (hereafter called the Banks) of the secondpart, hereby make the following preliminary contract asa basis for the conclusion of a formal loan contract.ART. I. The Government agrees that to meet all theexpenses necessary for the construction of the railway fromTsinanfu, in the Province of Shantung, to Shunteh, in theProvince of Chili, and that from Kaomi, in the Province ofShantung, to Hsuchow, in the Province of Kiangsu, theBanks shall issue Chinese Government Tsinanfu-ShuntehRailway Gold and Kaomi-Hsuchow Railway Gold Bonds(hereafter called bonds of the two Railways). But to assure

the success of the Tsinanfu-Shunteh and Kaomi-Hsuchowlines, if as a railway enterprise the location of the linesshould be found to be not advantageous, the Governmentmay arrmge with the Banks to change the location of thelines.ART. 2. The Government will soon determine the amountrequired for the construction and of all other necessaryexpenses, and secure concurrence of the Banks therefor.ART. 3. The bonds of the two railways shall expire at

the end of + 0 years dating from the day of issue. Repaymentshall begin from the eleventh year and be made in accordancewith a plan of amortisation.ART . 4. A s soon as the formal contract shall have beenmade, the construction work shall begin so that the railroadsmay be completed in a short time.ART. 5. The Government pledges the following as securityfor the repayment of the principal and interest on the bondsof the two railways: all properties which now belong or willin the future belong to the Tsinanfu-Shunteh and Kaomi-Hsuchow R ailw ays. . .


38/69

Appendi-r Y 3 51Without the consent of the Bank... the Government shall

not pledge anay to any other party as security or guaranteeany part of the property or the income which at presentbelongs, or will in future belong to Tsinanfu-Shunteh andKaomi-Hsuchow railways.ART. 6. The price of issue of the railway bonds, theinterest thereon, and the actual amount to be received bythe Government shall be agreed upon according to thecircumstances at the time of issue, always however witha view to the best interests of the Government.ART. 7. Conditions which have not been provided for inthe preceding articles shall be decided between the Govern-ment and the Banks in common accord.ART . 8. A formal contract for the Tsinanfu-Shunteh andKaomi-Hsuchow Railway loan shall be based on this pre-liminary contract, and be made within four months fromthe date of this contract.ART . 9. On the conclusion of this preliminary contract,

the Banks will advance to the Government 20,OOO~OOO yenin the full amount without any discount whatsoever.ART. 10. The rate of interest on the said advance shallbe 8 per dnt. per annum, that is to say, every one hundred ~yen shall bear a yearly interest of eight yen.ART. II. The said advance shall be paid against thedelivery of national treasury notes issued by the Government,according to their actual value.ART. 12. The national treasury notes referred to in the

preceding article shall be renewed every six months, andupon each renewal, the interest thereon for the six monthsshall be paid to the Banks.ART. 13. After a formal contract for the Tsinanfu-Shunteh and Kaomi-Hsuchow railway loan has been made,the Government shall appropriate the proceeds realizedfrom the sale of the above-said bonds in payment, by priority,and without delay, of the above advance.ART. 1+. The payment of the said advance and of theinterest thereon, its repayment, and all other transactionsconnected therewith, shall be made at Tokio, Japan. This


39/69

352 Appendix Vpreliminary contract is made in two Japanese copies, andtwo Chinese copies, the Government and Banks shall eachkeep one copy of each language. In case of doubt in inter-pretation, the Japanese text shall prevail.The z4th day, 9th month, 7th year of the Republic ofChina. Signed: TSUNG-HsIANGCHANG,Chinese Minister.A.ONO,Vice-President of the Japanese Industrial Bank.

APPENDIX VIExchange of Notes between the Chinese Minister at

Tokio and the Japanese Minister for ForeignAffairs respecting Adjustment of Questionsconcerning Shantung, September 24th, I9IBNOTE FROM BARON GOTO TO THE CHINESE MINISTER

AT TOKIOTokio, September z4 , 1918.

MONSIEUR LE MIN ISTRE,The Japanese Government, mindful of the amiable rela-tions between our two countries and out of a spirit offriendly co-operation, propose to adjust all the questions

relating to Shantung in accordance with the followingArticles:I.Japanese troops along the Kiaochow-Tsinanfu Railway,except a contingent of them to be stationed at Tsinanfu,shall be withdrawn to Tsingtao.z. The Chinese Government may organize a police forceto undertake the policing of the Kiaochow- Tsinanfu Rail-way.3. The Kiaochow- Tsinanfu Railway is to provide a reason-able amount to defray the expense for the maintenance ofthe above-mentioned police force.


40/69

Appendix rI 3 5 34 - . japanese are to be employed at the head-quarters of

the above-mentioned police force at the principal railwaystations and at the police training school. .5. Chinese citizens shall be employed by the Kiaochow-Tsinan Railway Administration as part of its staff. .6. The Kiaochow- Tsinanfu Railway, after its ownership~s.definitely ~etermined, is to be made a Chmo-japanese

joint enterpnse.7. The civil administration established by Japan andexisting now is to be abolished.The Japanese Government desire to be advised of theattitude of your Government regarding the above-mentionedproposals. Signed: SHIMPEl GOTO.His Excellency Mr. TSUNG-HsIANGCHANG)etc.MR. TSUNG-HsIANGCHAl\G "10 THE JAPANESEMINISTER

rOR FOREIGNArHIRsTokio, September 24, 1918.MONSIIJURLEMIl\ISTRE,I have the honour to acknowledge the receipt of' YourExcellency'S note stating: -.,., _The Japanese Government, mindful of the amiable r~.tions between our two countries and out of a spirit 6 {,friendly co-operation, propose to adjust all the questions

relating to Shantung in accordance with the followingArticles: (Quotes Items 1-7 as contained in the note ofthe Japanese Minister for Foreign Affairs.)In reply, I have the honour to state that the ChineseGovernment are pleased to agree to the above-mentionedArticles proposed by the Japanese Government.

Signed: TSUNC-HsIANGCHANG.His Excellency BARONSHIMPEIGOTO, etc.1832.13 I> a


41/69

354 Appendix VII

APPENDIX VIIExchange of Notes between the Chinese Minister atTokio and the Japanese Minister for ForeignAffairs for building Four Railroads in Man-churia a1tdMongolia, September 24th, I9I8NOTE FROMMR. TSUNG-HSIANGCHANGTO THE JAPANESEMINISTERFORFOREIGNAFFAIRS

Tokio, September 24, 1918.MONSIEURLEMINISTRE,

The Chinese Government have decided to obtain loansfrom Japanese capitalists for the purpose of building as soonas possible the railways connecting the points as below setforth. Having received an authorization from my Govern-ment, Ihave the honour to communicate the same to yourGovernment. -I.Between Kai-yuan, Hailung, and Kirin ;2. Between Changchun and Taonan ;3. Between Taonan and Dalny (1);4. From a point between Taonan and Jehol to some seaport (this line to be determined in future after aninvestigation).Should there be no objection to the above propositionsit is requested that your Government wil l proceed forthwithto take the necessary steps to cause Japanese capitalists toagree to enter into negotiations for loans on the same.A reply to the above communication will be appreciated.

Signed: TSUNG-HsIANGCHANG.His Excellency BARONSHIMPEIGOTO, etc.


42/69

App 'ndhc VII 3 5 5BAROT\fGOTO TO TIlr CHI'HSL :'.ifrNISTJ:R AT TOKIO

Tokio, September 24, 1918.MONSIEUR LE MINISTRJ:,

I have the honour to acknowledge the receipt of YourExcellency's note in which you state that your Governmenthave decided to obtain loans from Japanese capitalists forthe purpose of constructing as soon as possible the railwaysconnecting points as below set forth.(Quotes Items 1-4 as contained in the note of the ChineseMinister.)The Imperial Government acknowledge with pleasure thecommunication of the Chinese Government, and beg tostate in reply that they will promptly take the necessarysteps to cause Japanese capitalists to agree to enter intonegotiations for loans on the same.

Signed: SIlIMPEI GOTO.His Excellency YIr. TSUNG-HSIANGCHANG,etc.APPENDIX VIIIPreliminary Contract for Loans to build FourRailroads in Manchuria and Mongolia, Sep.

t embe 28, I9I8The Chinese Government (hereafter called the Govern-

ment), for the purpose of building four railroads:I. From Jehol to Taonan;2. From Changchun to Taonan ;3. From Kirin via Hailung to Kailu;4. From a point between Jehol and Taonan to some pointon the sea coast (the said four roads to be hereafter mentionedas the four roads in Manchuria and Mongolia) and as a pre-paratory measure for a formal contract, hereby concludeswith the syndicate represented by the Japanese Industrial

Bank and composed of :1. The Japanese Industrial Bank,AaZ


43/69

Appe11dix VIIIz. The Taiwan Bank,3. The Chosen Bank,(hereafter mentioned a, the Banks) the following Prel iminaryCcntract. ,Au. J. The Government authorizes the afore-mentionedJapane-e Banking Syndicate to issue:1. Chinese Government Jehol Taonan R. R. Gold Bonds.z. Chinese Government Changchun- Taonan R. R. GoldBonds.3. Chinese Government Kirin-Kailu R. R. Gold Bonds.4. Chinese Government (name to be determined) R. R.Gold Bond, (hereafter to be designated as Manchuria-:\1(mgr)lia 4 - Railway Bonds) to cover the constructing('xpemes of the above-mentioned four R. R.The Government and the Banks shall conjointly dererminethe point on the Jehol-Taonan R. R. to be connected to

some sea port and the route to be taken by the R. R. con-necting said point with said sea port.ART . 2. The Government shall determine as soon aspossible the constructing and other expenses needed by theFour R . R . and shall obtain the agreement of the Banks inrespect thereof. 'ART. 3. The Gold Bonds of the Four R. R. shall expireat the end of forty years, counting from the date of issueof said bonds.Beginning with the eleventh year from the date of issue,the repayment of the said bonds shall commence in secor-

dance with J ~yS1emof amortization.AR1. ' .4. When the Formal Contract for the loan to buildthe Four R . R . is concluded, the Chinese Government shal lconjointly with the Banks decide on an engineering pro-gramme of construction and construction shall begin witha view to the speedy completion of the said R. R.ART. 5. A s guarantee for the capital and interest of theGold Bonds, the Government shall pledge to the Banks

the present and future property and income of the FourR.R.Unless with the consent of the Banks the Government


44/69

Appcndi v u t 3 5 ishall not pledge the above-mentioned property and incomeas guarantee or security to any other party. .ART. 6. The price of issue, the rate of interest, and theactual amount to be received by the Government in respectof t4l.e Gold Bonds shall be determined in accordance withthe conditions at the time of issue of said bonds, always,however, to the best interests of the Government.ART. 7. The Government and the Banks shall conjointlydecide on matters not covered bv the above articles.A R T . 8. The present Preliminary Contract shall form the

basis for a Formal Contract which shall be concluded withinfour months from the conclusion of the present PreliminaryContract.ART. 9. The Banks, after the conclusion of the PreliminaryContract, shall advance to the Government Yen 20,000,000to be paid in full and without discount.ART. 10. The interest of the above-mentioned advanceshall be 8 per cent. per annum, to wit, for everyone hundredyen there shall be eight yen as annual interest.ART. r r. The above-mentioned advance shall be paidagainst the delivery of the National Treasury Notes issuedby the Go~ernment at their actual value.ART. 12. The said National Treasury Notes shall berenewed every six months, each time with the payment ofsix months' interest.ART. 13. When the Formal Contract for loans to buildthe Four R. R. is concluded, the advance shall have priorityof repayment trom the proceeds of the Gold Bonds.ART. If. The payment of both the interest and theadvance and other transactions connected therewith shalltake place in Tokio.Copies of this Preliminary Contract shall be prepared inboth the Chinese and Japanese languages, two copies ineach language. The Government and the Banks shall eachbe furnished with two copies, one in each language.II I case of disagreement in the interpretation of the Pre-

liminary Contract the Japanese language shall prevail.Done this Twenty-eighth Day of Ninth Month of theSeventh Year of the Republic of China.


45/69

358 Appendix VIIIThis Twenty-eighth Day of Ninth Month of the Seventh

Year of the Reign of Taisho of the Imperial Governmentof Japan.TSUNG-TSIANG CHANG,Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiaryof the Republic of China to Japan.

A.ONO,Vice-President of the Japanese Industrial Bank.APPENDIX IX

Clauses of the Treaty oj Peace with Germany,relating to China, signed on ]u1'te 28th, I9I9.by the Allied and Associated Powers andGermany, but not b y ChinaPART IV. GERMAN RIGHTS AND INTERESTS OUTSIDE

GERMANYART.u8. In territory outside her European frontiers asfixed by the present Treaty, Germany renounces all rights,titles, and privileges whatever in or over territory whichbelonged to her or to her allies, and all rights, titles, andprivileges whatever their origin which she held as againstthe Allied and Associated Powers. Germany undertakesimmediately to recognize and to conform to the measures

which may be taken now or in the future by the PrincipalAllied and AssociatedPowers, in agreement where necessarywith third Powers, in order to carry the above stipulationinto effect. In particular Germany declares her acceptanceof the followingArticles relating to certain special subjects.SECTION II. CHINA

ART. 128. Germany renounces in favour of China allbenefits and privileges resulting from the provisions of thefinal Protocol signed at Peking on September 7, 190I, and


46/69

Appendix IX 3 5 9from all anne:x;es,?otes, and d~cuments supplementarythereto. She likewise renounces III favour of China anyclaim to indemnities accruing thereunder subsequent toMarch 14, 1917.ART. 129. From the coming into force of the presentTreaty the High Contracting Parties shall apply, in so faras concerns them respectively:I. The Arrangement of August 29, 1902, regarding thenew Chinese Customs tariff.2. The Arrangement of September 27, 195, regardingWhang-Poo, and the provisional supplementary Arrange-ment of April 4, 1912.China, however, will no longer be bound to grant toGermany the advantages or privileges which she allowedGermany under these arrangements.ART. 130. Subject to the provisions of Section VIII ofthis Part, Germany cedes to China all the buildings,wharves,and pontoons, barracks, forts, arms and munitions of war,

vesselsof allkinds,wirelesstelegraphy installations, and otherpublic property belonging to the German Government,which are situated or may be in the German Concessionsat Tientsia and Hankow, or elsewhere in Chinese territory.Itis understood, however, that premisesused asdiplomaticor consular residences or offices are not included in theabove cession, and, furthermore, that no steps shall be takenby the Chinese Government to disposeof the German publicand private property situated within the so-called LegationQuarter at Peking without the consent of the DiplomaticRepresentatives of the Powers which, on the coming intoforce of the present Treaty, remain parties to the FinalProtocol of September 7, 1901.ART.131. Germany undertakes to restore to China withintwelve months from the coming into force of the presentTreaty all the astronomical instruments which her troopsin 1900-1 carried away from China, and to defray allexpenseswhich may be incurred in effectingsuch restoration,including the expensesof dismounting,packing,transporting,insurance, and installation in Peking.


47/69

Appendix IXA R T . 132. Germany agrees to the abrogation of the leases

from the Chinese Government under which the GermanConcessions at Hankow and Tientsin are now held.China, restored to the full exercise of her sovereign rightsin the above areas, declares her intention of opening themto international residence and trade. She further declaresthat the abrogation of the leases under which these con-cessions are now held shall not affect the property rightsof nationals of Allied and Associated Powers who are holdersof lots in these concessions.A R T . J 33. Germany waives all claims against the ChineseGovernment or against any Allied or Associated Governmentarising out of the internment of German nationals in Chinaand their repatriation. She equally renounces all claimsarising out of the capture and condemnation of Germanships in China, or the liquidation, sequestration or controlof German properties, rights and interests in that countrysince August 14, 1917. This provision, however, shall notaffect the rights of the parties interested in the proceeds of. 1 I l Y such liquidation, which shall be governed by the pro-\ isions of Part X (Economic Clauses) of the present Treaty.A R T . 134. Germany renounces in favour of tlse Govern-ment of His Britannic Majesty the German State propertyin the British Concession at Shameen at Canton. Sherenounces in favour of the French and Chinese Governmentsconjointly the property of the German school situated inthe French Concession at Shanghai.

SECTION VIII. SHANTUNGART. 156. Germany renounces, in favour of Japan, allher rights, title, and privileges-particularly those con-cerning the territory of Kiaochow, railways, mines, andsubmarine cables-which she acquired in virtue of theTreaty concluded by her with China on March 6, 1898,and of all other arrangements relative to the Province ofShantung.


48/69

Appendix IXAll German rights in the Tsingtao-Tsinanfu Railway,including its branch lines, together with it~ subsidiary

property of all kinds, stations, shops, fixed and rollmg stock,mines, plant and material for the exploitation of the mines,are and remain acquired by Japan, together with all rightsand privileges attaching thereto.The German State submarine cables from Tsingtao toShanghai and from Tsingtao to Chefoo, with all the rights,privileges, and properties attaching thereto, are similarlyacquired by Japan free and clear of all charges and encumbrances.ART. 157. The movable and immovable property ownedby the German State in the territory of Kiaochow as wellas all the rights which Germany might claim in consequenceof the works or improvements made or of the expensesincurred by her directly or indirectly in connexion with thisterritory, are and remain acquired by Japan, free and clearof all charges and encumbrances.ART, 158. Germany shall hand over to Japan within threemonths from the coming into force of the present Treaty,

the archives, registers, plans, ti tie-deeds, and documents ofevery kind, rherever they may be, relating to the administra-tion, whether civil, military, financial, judicial, or other, ofthe territory of Kiaochow.Within the same period Germany shall give particularsto Japan of all treaties, arrangements, or agreements relatingto the rights, title or privileges referred to in the twopreceding articles.


49/69

T H E P R O V IN C E SO F

C H I N A

"


50/69

R A I L W A Y S O F C H I N AR a t ~tpntDn'T::=~~11I11/1~1!h"'1a

. .'


51/69


52/69

Administration, 77-8, J 87-9' Seea lso u nder Constitution.Administrative court, 88.Admiralty, 61.Adoption, II7.Advocates, 83.Aeroplanes, 82.Africa, South, federalism in, 127 jChinese labour in, 267-8.Agriculture,s, 84, 140, 203, 328 jministry of, 84-5'Air Force, the, 88.Akkwei, 215.Alcock, Sir R o , 193.Algiers, 268.Aliens, 76, 178-94, 227-9, 282.Allies, the, and China, 240-3, 257-60,263-5,341-8,358-61. See

0150 under ~ecific allv,Ambassadors, '!lection of, 58-60.America, South, Chinese labour in,

267,277.America, United States of, 20, #,48.American China DevelopmentCo., 219.and China, ISO, 164-5, 180-1,185-7, 191, 199, 202, 292-3,305-6, 310-15; loans, 220-1,22.6 j moral influence, z61 jeducational facilities, 2.90 j open door', 2.90, 2.94, 2.97,310-IIand Chinese labour, 2.67, 2.76.and Germany, 164, 257.and Japan, 172.-3, 2.78, 280,290-1, 293-8, 310-15and Kiaochow, 290-1.and Manchurian railways, 174.Chinese communities in, 13.

INDEXAmerica, United States of (con.)-Chinese policy, 2.90-8 j Kiao-

chow, 290-1 ; North and South,292-3.constitution, 49, 50, 52-4, 57,59, 68, 99, 105convention of 1788,47,federal courts, 79, III.federalism in, 126-7, J34-5, 140.senate, 91, 105.Amherst, Lord, 148.

Amour, river, 152-3.Amoy, 183 'Ancestor-worship, 2.0, 32, 273.Anhui, province of, 136.Annam, 154-5,202.Antung, 169'Antung-Mukden railway, 209-10,

3 28 - 3 0Arabs, 147.Archives, State, 74.Areas, provincial, table of, 136.Argoun, the, 152.Argun, river, 153.Aristotle, 101.Arms and equipment, 82.Army, the, 81-2.centralized control of, 13-2,299.corruption of officials, 156-7.Japanese control of, 308-10.mercenary, 262.ministry of, seeund". War northern, 14-15,22,34,37,organization, 34, 37, 44-6.provincial, 1 4 .southern, IS, 34, 37training of, 156, 263-4.

Arrow, the, capture of, 150.Arrows, 157.Arsenals, 264.


53/69

Art, Western, 6.Asiatic Petroleum Co., 248.Assembly, provincial, 90, 139-44.Assessors, 188.Audit, 80, 86; department, 87,'1,27; bureau, 222.Australasia, 267, 276.Australia, 127, 140.Austria and China, 202, 256.Austria-Hungary, 55, 136.

Bagehot, W., 68.Balfour of Burleigh, Lord, Z2.0.Balkan States, In.Bank notes, 80-I.Banks, 79-81, 87; loans, 206-19,355-8. See also under specificbanks and loans., Bannermen' army, 81.Banque industrielle de Chine, 216.Banque Italo-Belge, London, 216.Bar, the, 116, 119.Barristers, 83.Belgium and China, 212, 216, 218,

224Belen, river, 153.Birth registration, Ii7'Bismarck, Prince, 43, 160.Bismarck hill, 245.Bolor mountains, 147.Bolsheviks, 287.Botanic gardens, 83.Bows, 157.Boxer indemnity, 212-13, 261,

7.63, 290, 315; rebellion, 13,124, 163-5'Brazil, 49, 177,202.Bribery, 104-5.British in China, see Great Britain.British East India Company, 148,195Bryce, Lord, 95, 134.Buddhism, 78.

Budgets, 80, 104, 142. See alsounder Finance.Burma, 155, 202.

IndexCabinet, see tinder Constitution.Cables, 217, 361.Calcutta, 150.California, Federal Court of, 18o.Canadian Constitution, 127.Canal, imperial, 3I. .Canton, 13, 55, 89 et seq., 148-50,191, 195, 199,206,285,296.Canton-Hankow railway contract,

214.Canton-Kowloon railway, 214,219.Canton-Peking railway, 42.Cantonese, the, 30, 33, 42Carnot, President, 54.Cassini, Count, 158-9'Cattle-breeding, 84.Censorate, see under Constitution.Censorship, 88.Central Asia, 63.Cereals, 264.Cession and lease compared, 236.Chang Chien, General, 147.Chang Hsun, General, 26.Chang-chum, 169.Changchun-Kirtin railway loan,

214, 329' 0Charity organization, 77.Chastity, 79. Chefoo convention, 154.Chefoo railway, 281, 323,Chefoo-Taku cable, 217.Chefoo-Weihsien railway, 281,323'Chekiang, province of, 120, 136, 154,215.Chekiang-Chili canal, 31.Ch'ien Lung, Emperor, 12.

Chili, province of, 34, 123, 136, 164,215, 249Chili (S. America), 136, 177.Chili-Chekiang canal, 31.Chilka, river, 153.Ch'in dynasty, 29.CHINA:clauses of peace treaty relating

to China, 358-61.constitutional monarchy, 3-7.democratic, 10.


54/69

CHINA (con.)-foreign policy, 305-15. See alsounder Foreign relations.in the War, 256-67; attitudebefore her entry, 256-7;influence of America, 257 j ofConfucian thought, 257-8 jmotives for entry, 257-64, 267 jproposals of entry, 257-60;Japanese opposition to, 257;policy towards Germany, 257-61; protest against unre-stricted submarine warfare,257-8 j German reply, 259-60 jneutrality and other interests,260-4 j declaration of waragainst Germany, 55,26o j finan-cial benefits, 263; suggestedsupply of soldiers, 2.63-4 j ship-ping difficulties, 2.63-4j C.sup-plies Allieswith labourers, 264 ;with German ships, 2.64j ex-ports cotton, steel, &c., for useof Allies, 264; shipbuilding,2.64-5 j financial help, 265-6 jother hell), 265; moral effectof China's entry, 266-7; de-mands at Peace Conference,31I j conclusions, 266-7.Japanese aggression in, 2.95-8,35-15. See also under Japan.only desires peace, 76.political outlook, 299-305.reasons for defeat in war withJapan, [23-4'social position, [I.uniformity of, in race, language,and religion, IZI.See also under Constitution.Chinese, the, character of, II;union with Manchus, &:c.,18.Chinese Eastern railway, 208-10,287.Chinese labour, 267-78.after the war, 276-8; organiza-tion, 277.before the war, 267-8.

IndexChinese labour (COII.)-during the war, 2.64, 2.68-77;conditions of enlistment, 268;locality of employment, 268-9 ;French and British contractsdescribed and compared, 2.69-76; private contracts in Eng-land, 269; duration of employ-ment, 269-70; wages, 269-71 ;repatriation, 2.69, 2.75; com-pensation, 2.7-1; housing,food, &c., 2.71-3j character of

the labourers, 2.71-2 j modesof living, 273; amusements,&:c., 273-4 j drawbacks ofEuropean officers, 274-S'European and Asiatic antagon-ism, 2.76-7.historical, 2.67'Chinese Ocean, 147.Chinese officials, corruption of,IS6-7, 301-2..ChineseTurkistan,63,90,93,13S,IS3Ch'ing, Prince, 165.Chinghuas-Taskow railway loans,214,216.Chinkiang, 19I.Chiotung, 2.85.Chita, 2.08.Chivalry, 79.Ch'ou An Hui, 24.Chou dynasty, 1, 75, Il9, 147Christian missionaries, 78.Citizens, 316-17'Circuits,seeGovemment,provincial.Civil governor, see under Governor.Civil service, 74-5, Iz8, 300-1.See also under Government.Civilization, beginnings of, inChina, 28-9'Climate, 31.Coal, 199, Z09-IO, 250; mines,218,283, z85, 332.-3'Coastal defence, 81.Coastal trade duties, 205.Codes, lIZ, 117, 1I9, 187-8.Colleges, 84, 9%-4.


55/69

Colonial Office, 87.Columbia University, z4.Commerce, 147-8; ministry of,C 84-5'.. . . f 8ommumcation, ministry 0, 0,85-7'Companies, registration of, 84.Competition, ZI9-zo.Compulsory education, 84.Concession, law and custom of,248. See also under Economic,Exterritoriality, and] apan.Confucian civilization, 100, 125;classics, 3-7, 10, 32; courtesy,258; doctrines, 43.Confucius, 7-8, 28,46,79, 83, z6r.Conscience and morality, 77.Conscription, 82..Conseil de Cabinet, 74.Conseil des Ministres, 73, 7 " ' Conservancy loan, 285.Constitution, Permanent, 23, 25.108. r 12.CO:l1STln'TlOs, PROVISIO:.1AL,

REPUBliC OF CIJINA: 'T e :> . t o jthe Bill, 316-2Z: general pro-visions, 316; citizens, 316-17: national council, 317-19:president and vice-president,319-zo; cabinet, 320-1: judi-ciary, 3ZI: supplementaryarticles, 321-2. Sr also be/IXv.Cabinet, 63-89, 143, 299, 320-1 ;evolution, 63-4, 66; impor-tance, 68-9, 7Z ; collectiveresponsibility, jO-l; organiza-tion, 74-5; departments, 75-_ ministers, 58-60, 64-"],71-.j., 105-7, 124, 320-1; des-potism, 19; cabinet andfinance, 80; and parliament,68-70, 106; party cabinets,7-).Censorate, 107.Conslilution-making, 47-120.Constitutional plans summarueJant l d is c us stt l, 299-305'

btdexC0:-1S1'j1'VTIUN, PRO'ISIO'1AL, OF

REPl'BLlC OF CHIN.~ (t'011.)-Council, national, 317-19: seealso under Council.Jlldiciary, 110-20, 299, 301,32.1: codes, 112. II7, 119,187-8; criminal law, U8-20,321; family and guild, 117-18;judges, 83, 107-8, 110, 114-16,187-9, 321; jury, II7; law-clerks, II8-20 ; magistra tes,78, 83, 1I0, II3, 1I8-19. 137,144-6, 182-3, 299; ministryof justice, 75, 82-3, III, 114-16, 136-7; prefect, II 0, 137.See also Courts.

Legislature, 68-9, 89-110, 112.See under Parliament, belou:Parliament, 21-3, 25-7, 48-52,55, 58-9. 64. 66-7. 89, 109-10,z99, 30z, 317-19; character-istics, 57-8; and finance, 80,10+, 106, 2z7, 31; powers.;1-2, 128-9, 227, 31-2; dis-solution, 26, 56-8, 69: respon-sibility, 69-70; members,laws of 1912and 1918,8getseq.Representatices, Hal,se oj, 23, 25,68, 94-;', 13, 299, 317-19:constitution, 97 et seq.; func-tions and powers, 104-10 :direct and indirect election,103-4-; electors, 92-3, 97-8:dissolution, 108: members,92-3, 98 et seq., 108; un-acceptable bills, 108-9.Smale, the, 2.3-4, 299, 317-19;constitution, 90-4; generalconsiderations, 94-7; func-tions and powers, 104-10;period of election, 108; elec-tors, 92-4; dissolution, 108.President, 47-63, 124, 143, 299,304, 319-20 ; and cabinet,65-6, 73; and finance, 8o;election,48-53; terms of presi-dency , 52-3 i offices, 61; de-


56/69

IndexCONSTITUTION, PROVISIONAl, or

REPUBLIC OF CHINA (COII.)-partments under, 87-8 (see alsounder specific departments) jpowers and duties, 47, 53-60,66-7,69,73-4, 108, II4 j des-potism, 109 j impeachment,67-8, 105, 107-8, 114; generalremarks, 60-3.rice-President, 60-1, 319-20.Republic, the, 2.0-8, 65-6, 75-89,175, 304.See also under Government.Consuls, foreign, 204.Contraband, 2.28.Conversion loan, 216.Co-operation, 2,19, 220-1, 231.Copper, 229,264,284-.Copyright, 77.Cotton, 84, 85, 264.Council, evolution of, 63-4 j na-tional, 317-lq; military, 63-4.Councils, municipal, 192, 194;provincial executive, 144-6 jprovincial legislative, 145-6. East Asia Industrial Co., 216.Court, administrative, Peking, Economic concessions and foreignIl4-. .) investments, 208-34.of final appeal, supreme, I I I seq. concessions to foreign govern-of public prosecution, Il3. ments, 2.08-Il.of trial, 113. public loans issued throughCourts, Chinese, 188"""9,32R; con- foreign banks, 2Il-2.7i tablesular, 179-81, 185-6; judicial, of loans, 2.12-17 j remarks on,83; law, 42, 83 j martial, 110 j 218-27.metropolitan, II3; mixed.z Sa, foreign capital invested in China,18503Z8; of first instance, 113; 210,1.1.7-34.provincial, 180-1 j provincial Education, 6, 8, 9, 140 j commis-high, I1z-13; supreme, 180, sion of, 137; compulsory, 84;185-6. department of, 75; elemen-CriminaIlaw, rr8-1.o, 31.1. tary, 83-4, 11.8; ministry of,Crisp & Co., Messrs. B., 216, 83-4; political, 102.-3; secon-221. dary, 83-4, 128; university,Currency, 80-1, 104; control, 79 j 83-4, 128.reform, 80, 216, 219-20. Educational facilities, z90.Curtis, Mr., 102. Educational Society, central, 91.Customs, 79, 130, 137,211-13,2.17, Electioneering officer, 98.2.25; department of, 81, 205; Elections, 77. See Constitution.houses, 86, 2.5; loan, 285; Electricity, 209.1882.13 B b

regulations, 183-4; schools,206. See also under Tariff.Czecho-Slovaks, 2.87.

Dalny, 161, 169,29,238-9,329-30.Death registration, Il7.Debt, see under Public debt.Denmarky z rfi,Deutsch-Asiatische Bank, :u9.Devolution of powers, see underGovernment, provincial.Dialects, 33, 41-2.Diplomacy, 53-4.Diplomatic missions, see underForeign relations.Discount. Bo.Divine theory of the throne, 304.Divorce, 117.Docks, 81.Dramatic performances, 83.Dutch East India Co., 148.Dynasties, see specific dynasties.


57/69

370Emigration, '1.77.Emperor, the, 1, 4, 8, 14-.Empress-dowager, 17-18, 17.4.England, s ee u nd er Great Britain.Equipment and arms, 8'1..Excise, 79.Exhibitions, 83.Exports, '1.64-. See a lso Tariff.Exterritoriality, 178-94, '1.32-3,315; concessions, 19-4;drawbacks and limitations,

183-90; general, 178-83 ;settlements, 190-4; America,ISO-I; France, 179-80; GreatBritain, 179-81; Russia, 178,183.

Factories, '1.'1.7-8.Factory life, 77, 85.Family, the, 8-10, 117-18.Famine relief, 10.Farmers, 10.Fanning, 85.Feast of lanterns, '1.73-4-.Federalism, s e e under Government,provincial.Feng Kuo-chang, General, '1.6-7,37-9, 63, 67Fengtien, province of, 33'1.-3; loan,'1.85Feudalism, ]'1.2.Finance, 313-15.and parliament, 80, 104-, 106, '1.27,31.and the war, 263, 265-6.Japanese control of, 308,313-15.ministry of, 65, 75, 79-81, 87,222.national, 42, 8o, 129-30.provincial, 299.railway, 86.Fines, 186.Fisheries, 84.Fiume, '1.53.

Fleet, Chinese, IS6-,], 309.Pocchou, arsenal at, 154.Foreign affairs, 53, 106; 128;

Indexdepartment of, 75-6 j ministerof, 205.Foreign capita~, s ee u nde r Econo-mic concessions.Foreign competition, 203.Foreign consuls, '1.04.Foreign investments, see underEconomic Concessions.Foreign relations and treaties withforeign powers, 14-7-77, 30S-1S.attitude of China towardsforeigners, 305-6.attitude of foreigners towardsChina, 306.diplomatic missions to China,148, 154diplomatic missions from China,154, 158, 159, 165.historical, 147-8, 160, 176-7.military or naval expeditionsagainst China, 149-51, 154-6,160-I, 163-5, 174-5.relative positions of differentStates in the Far East, 306-1 S.treaties: (IS50) 148; (1689)148, I S'1.,178; (17'1.7) 148