glaciers hydrology daren blanck, ms. glacier: a flowing stream of ice mountain continental (ice...
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GlaciersHydrology
Daren Blanck, MS
Glacier: a Flowing Stream of Ice
• Mountain
• Continental (Ice Sheets)
Snowfall vs Melting
Zone of Accumulation• Snowfall Exceeds Melting & Sublimation
(Ablation) • Excess Snow Turns to Ice & Flows Out Zone of Melting (Ablation)• Ablation Exceeds Snowfall • Melting Excess Made up by Ice Flowing in Terminus of Glacier• Snowfall & Inflow = Ablation
Anatomy of a Glacier
Flow
Glaciers flow due to Gravity and Internal deformation
Crevasse Diagrams
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A Typical Glacial Advance and Retreat
As long as Accumulation = Ablation, the Glacier Front Remains Fixed
If Accumulation Exceeds Ablation, the Glacier Advances
If Ablation Exceeds Accumulation, the Glacier Retreats
Eventually, Material Trapped in the Ice Reaches the Terminus
A Typical Glacial Advance and Retreat
Results of Glaciation
Abrasion
• Polish
• Striations
• Chatter Marks
• Crescentic Gouges
• Bedrock Scour
Results of GlaciationDeposition
• Till/Morraine
• Erratics
• Outwash
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Animations
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< Glacial Ice Formation
Glacial Erosion >
Mountain Glacier
Landforms
Continental Glacier
Landforms
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1) Nebraskan 2) Kansan 3) Illinoisian 4) Wisconsin
North American Glaciation
Glacial Melt
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Cascade Glacier - Alaska
Glacial Melt
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Bolivia
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Kilimanjaro 1985-2002
Greenland Ice Cap
Antarctic Ice Cap
Antarctic Subglacial Lakes
Lake Vostok