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WELCOMEWELCOMEtoto

Introduction to Geographic Introduction to Geographic Information SystemsInformation Systems

ByByDr. Khalid EldrandalyDr. Khalid EldrandalyAssociate Prof. of GISAssociate Prof. of GIS

CourseCourse ObjectiveObjectiveThis course provides an in depth introduction to the fundamentalThis course provides an in depth introduction to the fundamentalconcepts of Geographic Information Systems (GIS).concepts of Geographic Information Systems (GIS).

The course will cover the following topics:The course will cover the following topics:GIS overviewGIS overviewGIS FunctionalityGIS FunctionalityGIS ComponentsGIS ComponentsGeographic DataGeographic DataData ModelsData ModelsVector Data ModelVector Data ModelRaster Data ModelRaster Data ModelCoordinate Systems and Map ProjectionCoordinate Systems and Map ProjectionGIS Data AcquisitionGIS Data AcquisitionGIS Data EditingGIS Data EditingData Display and CartographyData Display and Cartography

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Class MechanicsClass Mechanics

Prerequisite: NonePrerequisite: NoneLecture: 2 hours per weekLecture: 2 hours per weekTwo Lectures/Week (S Two Lectures/Week (S –– M)M)Lab:Lab:

راندا الحربى راندا الحربى / / االستاذة االستاذة

ESRI VC Free CourseESRI VC Free Course

Getting Started with GISGetting Started with GIS

Course Point AllocationCourse Point Allocation

First Exam First Exam …………………….. .. ……………………..15..15Second Exam Second Exam ………………………………………… 1515Lab Lab ………………………….. .. …………………………………… 2020Attendance and Discussion....10Attendance and Discussion....10Final ExamFinal Exam……………………………………………………4040TotalTotal…………………………………………………………………….100.100

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Lecture ResourcesLecture ResourcesTextbooks:Textbooks:

Introduction to Geographic Information Systems, Introduction to Geographic Information Systems, 5th edition, by Kang5th edition, by Kang-- Tsung Chang. (McGrawTsung Chang. (McGraw--Hill Hill 2010).2010).

.. مكتبة العبيكان مكتبة العبيكان-- دآتور عبداللة القرنى دآتور عبداللة القرنى --نظم المعلومات الجغرافية نظم المعلومات الجغرافية نادى نظم المعلومات نادى نظم المعلومات -- وسام محمد وسام محمد--اساسيات نظم المعلومات الجغرافية اساسيات نظم المعلومات الجغرافية

. . الجغرافيةالجغرافية

Lecture notesLecture notes

www.kau.edu.sa/keldrandalywww.kau.edu.sa/keldrandaly

Lab ResourcesLab Resources

GIS Tutorial, 3GIS Tutorial, 3rdrd ed., ESRI Pressed., ESRI Press

ESRI Training and EducationESRI Training and Education

http://http://training.esri.com/gateway/index.cfmtraining.esri.com/gateway/index.cfm

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Lecture 1Lecture 1

Overview of GISOverview of GIS

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As of February 2006, Geotechnologies is listed by the U.S. Department of Labor as one of the three most important emerging and evolving fields," along with Biotechnologyand Nanotechnology

Geotechnologies have turned computer mapping into a powerful decision- making tool!

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Global Positioning Systems (GPS)Global Positioning Systems (GPS)a system of eartha system of earth--orbiting satellites which can orbiting satellites which can provide precise (100 meter to subprovide precise (100 meter to sub--cm.) location cm.) location on the earthon the earth’’s surface (in lat/long coordinates or s surface (in lat/long coordinates or equiv.)equiv.)

Remote Sensing (RS)Remote Sensing (RS)use of satellites or aircraft to capture use of satellites or aircraft to capture information about the earthinformation about the earth’’s surfaces surface

Geographic Information Systems (GIS)Geographic Information Systems (GIS)at a minimum, comprises a capability for input, at a minimum, comprises a capability for input, storage, manipulation and output of geographic storage, manipulation and output of geographic informationinformation

GPS and RS are sources of input data for a GPS and RS are sources of input data for a GIS.GIS.

What is a GIS?What is a GIS?

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Where did GIS come from?Where did GIS come from?

GIS is built upon knowledge from GIS is built upon knowledge from geography, cartography, computer geography, cartography, computer science, Information Systems, and science, Information Systems, and mathematics mathematics Geographic Information Science is a new Geographic Information Science is a new interdisciplinary field built out of the use interdisciplinary field built out of the use and theory of GISand theory of GIS

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Knowledge Base for GISKnowledge Base for GIS

GISApplication Area:public admin.planninggeologymineral explorationforestrysite selectionmarketingcivil engineeringcriminal justicesurveying

ComputerScience/ISgraphicsvisualization databasesystem administrationsecurity

Geographyand related:cartographygeodesyphotogrammetrylandformsspatial statistics.

The convergence of technological fields and traditional disciplines.

Defining GISDefining GIS

Different definitions of a GIS have evolved Different definitions of a GIS have evolved in different areas and disciplines in different areas and disciplines All GIS definitions recognize that spatial All GIS definitions recognize that spatial data are unique because they are linked to data are unique because they are linked to maps (Space matters!)maps (Space matters!)A GIS at least consists of a database, map A GIS at least consists of a database, map information, and a computerinformation, and a computer--based link based link between them between them

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GIS DefinitionGIS Definition

““A geographic information system is a A geographic information system is a computercomputer--based information system that based information system that enables capture, modeling, storage, enables capture, modeling, storage, retrieval, sharing, manipulation, analysis, retrieval, sharing, manipulation, analysis, and presentation of geographically and presentation of geographically referenced datareferenced data”” (Worboys and Duckham, (Worboys and Duckham, 2004, p.2).2004, p.2).

Why does GIS Matter?Why does GIS Matter?Almost everything happens somewhereAlmost everything happens somewhereKnowing where some things happen is Knowing where some things happen is critically importantcritically important

Position of country boundariesPosition of country boundariesLocation of hospitalsLocation of hospitalsRouting delivery vehiclesRouting delivery vehiclesManagement of forest standsManagement of forest standsAllocation of funds for sea defensesAllocation of funds for sea defenses

GIS is a special class of information GIS is a special class of information systems that keeps track not only of systems that keeps track not only of events, activities, and things, but also of events, activities, and things, but also of where these events, activities, and things where these events, activities, and things happen or existhappen or exist

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Why Study GIS?Why Study GIS?80% of 80% of local governmentlocal government activities estimated to be geographically activities estimated to be geographically basedbased

plats, zoning, public works (streets, water supply, sewers), garplats, zoning, public works (streets, water supply, sewers), garbage bage collection, land ownership and valuationcollection, land ownership and valuation

a significant portion of a significant portion of state governmentstate government has a geographical has a geographical componentcomponent

natural resource managementnatural resource managementhighways and transportationhighways and transportation

businessesbusinesses use GIS for a very wide array of applicationsuse GIS for a very wide array of applicationsretail site selection & customer analysisretail site selection & customer analysislogistics: vehicle tracking & routinglogistics: vehicle tracking & routingnatural resource exploration (petroleum, etc.)natural resource exploration (petroleum, etc.)precision agricultureprecision agriculture

civil engineeringcivil engineering and constructionand construction

scientific researchscientific research employs GISemploys GISgeography, geology, botany geography, geology, botany anthropology, sociology, economics, political scienceanthropology, sociology, economics, political scienceEpidemiology, criminologyEpidemiology, criminology

Five Ms of Applied GISFive Ms of Applied GIS

MappingMappingMeasuringMeasuringMonitoringMonitoringModelingModelingManagingManaging

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Examples of Applied GISExamples of Applied GISUrban Planning, Management & Urban Planning, Management & PolicyPolicy

Zoning, subdivision planningZoning, subdivision planningLand acquisitionLand acquisitionEconomic developmentEconomic developmentCode enforcementCode enforcementHousing renovation programsHousing renovation programsEmergency responseEmergency responseCrime analysisCrime analysisTax assessmentTax assessment

Environmental SciencesEnvironmental SciencesMonitoring environmental riskMonitoring environmental riskModeling Modeling stormwaterstormwater runoffrunoffManagement of watersheds, Management of watersheds, floodplains, wetlands, forests, floodplains, wetlands, forests, aquifersaquifersEnvironmental Impact AnalysisEnvironmental Impact AnalysisHazardous or toxic facility sitingHazardous or toxic facility sitingGroundwater modeling and Groundwater modeling and contamination trackingcontamination tracking

Political SciencePolitical ScienceRedistrictingRedistrictingAnalysis of election resultsAnalysis of election resultsPredictive modelingPredictive modeling

Civil Engineering/UtilityCivil Engineering/UtilityLocating underground facilitiesLocating underground facilitiesDesigning alignment for freeways, transitDesigning alignment for freeways, transitCoordination of infrastructure Coordination of infrastructure maintenancemaintenance

BusinessBusinessDemographic AnalysisDemographic AnalysisMarket Penetration/ Share AnalysisMarket Penetration/ Share AnalysisSite SelectionSite Selection

Education AdministrationEducation AdministrationAttendance Area MaintenanceAttendance Area MaintenanceEnrollment ProjectionsEnrollment ProjectionsSchool Bus RoutingSchool Bus Routing

Real EstateReal EstateNeighborhood land pricesNeighborhood land pricesTraffic Impact AnalysisTraffic Impact AnalysisDetermination of Highest and Best UseDetermination of Highest and Best Use

Health CareHealth CareEpidemiologyEpidemiologyNeeds AnalysisNeeds AnalysisService InventoryService Inventory

Brief History of GISBrief History of GIS1960 1960 –– 70s Innovation70s Innovation

First GIS First GIS –– Canada Land InventoryCanada Land InventoryDIME US Bureau of Census DIME US Bureau of Census Harvard Laboratory for Computer GraphicsHarvard Laboratory for Computer GraphicsMajor vendors started (e.g. ESRI, Major vendors started (e.g. ESRI, Intergraph)Intergraph)Landsat satellite launchedLandsat satellite launchedKey academic conferences (e.g. Key academic conferences (e.g. AutoCartoAutoCarto))

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Brief History of GISBrief History of GIS

1980s Commercialization1980s CommercializationCommercial GIS software (e.g. ArcInfo)Commercial GIS software (e.g. ArcInfo)First GIS textbooksFirst GIS textbooksFirst global data setsFirst global data setsClinton Executive OrderClinton Executive Order

2000s Exploitation2000s ExploitationInternet becomes major deliver vehicleInternet becomes major deliver vehicleMore than 1 million active usersMore than 1 million active users

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Sources of Information on GISSources of Information on GIS

The amount of information available about GIS can be The amount of information available about GIS can be overwhelming overwhelming Sources of GIS information include journals and Sources of GIS information include journals and magazines, books, professional societies, the World Wide magazines, books, professional societies, the World Wide Web, and conferences Web, and conferences GIS has Web Home pages, network conference groups, GIS has Web Home pages, network conference groups, professional organizations, and user groupsprofessional organizations, and user groupsMost colleges and universities now offer GIS classes in Most colleges and universities now offer GIS classes in geography departmentsgeography departments

GIS Resources: ConferencesGIS Resources: Conferences

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Major GIS JournalsMajor GIS Journals

International Journal of GISInternational Journal of GISGeographical SystemsGeographical SystemsTransactions in GISTransactions in GISGeographic Information and Decision AnalysisGeographic Information and Decision AnalysisComputers, Environment, and Urban SystemsComputers, Environment, and Urban SystemsComputers and GeosciencesComputers and GeosciencesIEEE Transactions on Computer Graphics and ApplicationsIEEE Transactions on Computer Graphics and ApplicationsPhotogrammetric Engineering and Remote SensingPhotogrammetric Engineering and Remote SensingURISAURISAApplied GISApplied GIS

Popular Distribution MagazinesPopular Distribution Magazines

Geospatial solutionsGeospatial solutionsGIS LawGIS LawGeoworldGeoworldGPS WorldGPS WorldMapping awareness/Mapping awareness Mapping awareness/Mapping awareness and GIS in Europe/Asia/Africaand GIS in Europe/Asia/Africa

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Professional OrganizationsProfessional Organizations

URISA: Urban and Regional Information Systems URISA: Urban and Regional Information Systems Association.Association.AM/FM International Automated Mapping and Facilities AM/FM International Automated Mapping and Facilities Management. Management. AAG: The Association of American Geographers.AAG: The Association of American Geographers.ACSM: American Congress on Surveying and Mapping.ACSM: American Congress on Surveying and Mapping.ASPRS: American Society for Photogrammetry and ASPRS: American Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing.Remote Sensing.NACIS: North American Cartographic Information NACIS: North American Cartographic Information Society.Society.

WWW Resources: NSDIWWW Resources: NSDI

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Clarke GIS Internet GuideClarke GIS Internet Guide

GIS daily internet news/jobsGIS daily internet news/jobs

http://http://www.geoplace.comwww.geoplace.comhttp://www.giscafe.comhttp://www.giscafe.comhttp://www.gis.comhttp://www.gis.comhttp://www.geographynetwork.comhttp://www.geographynetwork.comhttp://www.census.gov/geo/www/faqhttp://www.census.gov/geo/www/faq--index.htmlindex.htmlhttp://www.geo.ed.ac.uk/home/giswww.htmlhttp://www.geo.ed.ac.uk/home/giswww.htmlhttp://www.lib.berkeley.edu/EART/abbrev.htmlhttp://www.lib.berkeley.edu/EART/abbrev.html

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Next Topic:Next Topic:

GIS FunctionalityGIS Functionality