geomatic - geomatics concept

7/23/2019 GEOMATIC - Geomatics Concept

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With Wisdom, We Explore

GEOMATIC CONCEPTS

Sr. Dr. Mustafa Bin Anjang AhmadB.Surv (UTM, Malaysia) Msc (UTM, Malaysia), Dr.E!, ( Sa!a Uiv., "apa)

(Geomati Di!ision"#au$t% o& Ci!i$ ' En!ironmenta$ Engineering

)ni!ersiti Tun *ussein Onn Ma$a%sia +,- Batu Pahat /ohor MA0A1SIA.

Phone 2 3,4-5,--67 3,6456+849,7 #a: 23,4-584,

E;mai$ 2 musta&a<uthm.edu.m%

=e>2 htt?2@@.&ass.uthm.edu.m%@

mailto:[email protected]


http://www.fkass.uthm.edu.my/






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Denition

• Geomatics engineering is rapidlydeveloping discipline that focuses on

spatial information (i.e. information thathas a location).

• Geomatics engineers apply engineeringprinciples to spatial & implement relational

data structures involving measurementsciences, thus using GEOMATICS andacting as spatial information engineers.



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GEOMATICS ;;;;

S)FE1ING • Geomatics is a new term incorporating the

older eld of S)FE1ING along with manyothers aspects of spatial data management.

– Following the advanced developments in digitaldata processing,

– nformation with a spatial position associated

with it !ecomes more critical to decision"ma#ing,

– $oth from a personal and a !usiness perspective,– %lso from a community and a large"scale

governmental viewpoint.



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• herefore, the geomatics engineers can!e involved in an e'tremely wide

variety of information gatheringactivities and applications.

• Geomatics engineers design, develop,and operate systems for collecting andanalying spatial information a!out theland, the oceans, natural resources, andmanmade features.

GEOMATICS ;;;;

S)FE1ING



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• Geomatics engineering applicationsinclude integrating science andtechnology from !oth new and traditionaldisciplines– Geodesy, also called geodetic science,

– *artography, computer & digital mapping,

– +emote sensing, photogrammetry,

– ydrography,

– -urveying,

– G- (Geographic nformation -ystems), and

– G- (Glo!al ositioning -ystems)

GEOMATICS ;;;;

S)FE1ING



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Denition o&Geomati

• Geomatics is an Hum>re$$a term fora cluster of activities and technologiesdealing with the locations andidentities of earth features.

• HGeo represent Hgeogra?h% " the

art and science of developing andinterpreting graphical representationsof the earth.



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• Hmati is drawn from either

Hmathemati or Hin&ormation,indicating that geomatic employs amethodical and technical approachto developing information a!out

earth features.

Denition o&Geomati



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• Geomati measurement can !edened as

“The science and art of making allessential measurements in space todetermine the relative positions and points or physical detail above, on, or

beneath the earth’s surface and todepict them in usable form, or to establishthe position of points or details”.

Denition o&Geomati



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AFEAS IN GEOMATIC

Mohd Efendi Daud (Dr. S"B.Surv (UTM, Malaysia) Msc (UTM, Malaysia), Dr.Sc, (#a!oya Uiv.,

"apa)

(Geomati Di!ision"

#au$t% o& Ci!i$ ' En!ironmenta$ Engineering)ni!ersiti Tun *ussein Onn Ma$a%sia +,- Batu Pahat

/ohor MA0A1SIA.Phone 2 3,4-5848,87 3,6J4+584-7 #a: 2

3,4-584,E;mai$ 2 efendi<uthm.edu.m%








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• 0and Sur!e%ing– s a traditional name applied to

measuring features directly in the eld

with tools such theodolites, tapes,electronic meters, levels, and level sta/.

– % common use of surveying today is tomap site in advance of a design for a

facility to !e constructed.– 0ther applications are for locating land

!oundaries and setting sta#es to guideconstruction.

O!er!ie



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O!er!ie

0 a n d

S u r ! e

% i n g



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• Photogrammetr%

– s the science of measuring from photos

as opposed to direct eldmeasurements. 1ost photogrammetry isdone with aerial photos ta#en from anairplane with a precise mapping camera.

– 1ost topographic maps are made !yphotogrammetry today.

O!er!ie



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O!er!ie

Photog

ra

mmetr

%



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• Femote Sensing– s a general term a!out gathering

information a!out an o!2ect from a far"removed sensor.– n common usage, the term remote

sensing applies to the ac3uisition andanalysis of satellite imagery.

– 1apping satellite or!it the earth andsense the surface with a scanner,sending the sensed images to earth forfurther analysis.

O!er!ie



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O!er!ie

Fe

m oteS

ens

ing



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• Geodes%

– s the term applied to the study of

earth4s sie and shape. t is a highlymathematical and scientic study of theearth4s gravity eld along with methodsof positioning the latitude and longitude

of points.

O!er!ie



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• The G$o>a$ Positioning S%stem(GPS"

– s a navigational system that uses aconstellation of satellites that wereinitially designed and launched !y thedefense department.

– *ivilian uses of G- are for hunting,shing, and vehicle navigation.

– recise surveying is done !y G-.

O!er!ie



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G$o>a$

Pos

itionin

g

S

%stem

(G PS"



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• Geogra?hi In&ormation S%stem(GIS"

– s a collection of computer hardwareand software used to house and analyedigital maps of the terrain along withinformation a!out the mapped o!2ects.

– 1ost government agencies have set upG- unit within the past several yearsinvolving large pu!lic e'penditure andgeomatic e'pertise.

O!er!ie



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Geo

gra

?hiIn

&orma

tio n

S%s

te

m

(GIS"



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T1PES O# GEOMATIC

MEAS)FEMENTMohd Efendi Daud (Dr. S"

B.Surv (UTM, Malaysia) Msc (UTM, Malaysia), Dr.Sc, (#a!oya Uiv., "apa)

(Geomati Di!ision"











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• Geomatic measurement or -urveyinghas to do with the determination of therelative spatial location of points on ornear the surface of the earth.

• t is the art of– measuring horiontal and vertical distance

!etween o!2ects,

– measuring angles !etween lines, ofdetermining the direction of lines, and

– esta!lishing points !y predeterminedangular and linear measurements

T%?es o& GeomatiMeasurement



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• he actual survey measurements must !efollowed up with some mathematical

calculations.• 5istances, angles, directions, locations,

elevations, areas, and volumes are thusdetermined &rom the sur!e% data.

• Geomatic data is ?ortra%ed gra?hia$$%>% the onstrution o& ma?s ?ro$esross setions and diagrams.




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• Geomatic measurement can !egenerally divided into two types

– P$ane Sur!e%ing, and

– Geodeti Sur!e%ing




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P$ane Sur!e%ing

• -implies the survey in that it treats thesurface of the earth as a Kat ?$ane.

• he purpose of this #ind of assumption isto reduce the comple'ity in thesu!se3uent processing of the survey data.

• his simplication of the earth does have

an indiret efet &or $arger ?rojets.• n such type of surveying, the e/ects of

earth ur!ature is neg$eted.



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• 6ncompasses the determination of the sieand shape of the earth and its gravity eld.

• *alculation are much more ela!orate

!ecause the surface upon which themeasurements are !eing made andreduced is a curved surface.

• +e3uired for $arge sa$e ?rojets where

the e/ects of the earth ur!ature areritia$.

• -urveying with GPS re3uires the engineerto thin# in a geodetic surveying mode.

GeodetiSur!e%ing



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BFANC*ES INGEOMATIC



(Geomati Di!ision"





Branhes in







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• Generally, surveys can !e classied!y names descriptive of their

&untions or ?ur?oses.• Functionally, surveys are classed as

engineering (construction),

topographic, and special surveys,such as cadastral survey (propertysurveys)

Branhes inGeomati

Measurement

Branhes in



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Branhes inGeomati

Measurement• 6ither plane or geodetic can !e classied

!y their purpose as follow

To?ogra?hi Sur!e%s hese are surveys where the physicalfeatures of the earth are measured. 1apsand plans can !e prepared to show their

relative positions !oth horiontally andvertically. 5epending upon the sie of thesurvey, they can !e geodetic or plane.



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• he wor# usually consists of the following– 6sta!lishing horiontal and vertical control that

will serve as the framewor# of the survey

– 5etermining enough horiontal locations andelevation of ground points to provide enoughdata for plotting when the map is prepared

– 7ocating natural and man"made features that

may !e re3uired !y the purpose of the survey.– *omputing distance, angles or !earing, and

elevations

– 5rawing the topographic map

To?ogra?hiSur!e%s



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To?ogra?hiSur!e%s

• he uses of topographic survey are for

– 6ngineering design,

– 8avigational,

– +ecreational,

– Geographical,

– Geological,

–1ilitary, and

– e'ploration

he map or plan produced in topographic survas scales ranging from 9:;,<<< to 99,<<<,<

Branhes in



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Engineering Sur!e%s

• 6ngineering surveys are conducted to

o!tain data essential for planning,estimating, locating, and layout for thevarious phases of construction activities orpro2ect.

• his type of survey includesreconnaissance, preliminary, location, andlayout surveys.

Branhes inGeomati

Measurement



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EngineeringSur!e%s

• -ome common uses of engineeringsurveys are for

– %rchitectural wor#,– $uilding wor#,

– *ivil engineering wor#s,

– own surveys, and

– ighway surveys.

• ypical scales range used in this type ofsurvey are from 9;< to 9;<,<<<



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• he o!2ectives of engineering or constructionsurveying include the following

– he o!taining of reconnaissance information and

preliminary data re3uired !y engineers forselecting suita!le routes and sites and forpreparing structural designs.

– he dening of selected locations !y esta!lishing

a system of reference points.– he dimensioning of structure for preparation of

as"!uilt plans.

EngineeringSur!e%s

Branhes in



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Foute Sur!e%s

• he tern route surveys refers to surveys

necessary for the location and constructionof lines of transportation or communicationthat continue across country for somedistance, such as highways, railroads,

pipelines, and power lines.• Generally, the preliminary survey for this

wor# ta#es the form of topographic survey.

Branhes inGeomati

Measurement

Branhes in



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• Cadastra$ Sur!e%s

his #ind of survey is specially done for

locating the !oundaries of elds,houses, property lines, calculation ofareas of land properties and preparationof revenue maps for the state

authorities. *adastral surveys areplotted to a larger scale thantopographical survey.

Branhes inGeomati

Measurement



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Cadastra$ Sur!e%s

• resently, cadastral surveys generallyconsists of the following chores

– 6sta!lishing mar#ers or monuments to dene and

there!y preserve the !oundaries of land !elongingto a private concern, a corporation, or thegovernment.

– +elocating mar#ers of monuments legally

esta!lished !y original surveys.– *alculating areas, distances, and directions and

preparing the land map to portray the survey dataso that it can !e used as a permanent record.



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)NITS IN GEOMATIC



(Geomati Di!ision"











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)nit in GeomatiMeasurement

• he ma2or 3uantities measured in

geomatic are distanes and ang$e.

• hese are o!tained !y using thesurveying instruments and recordedin some measurement units=

– 5istance >nits– %ngular >nits



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Distane )nits

• he standard unit for distancemeasurements is meter (m).

• 5istance measurements are recorded inmultiple units such as #ilometers (#m) orsu! units of meter such as centimeters(cm) and milimeters (mm).

• he following conversion factor must !eused– 9 #m ? 9<<< m

– 9 cm ? <.<9 m

– 9 mm ? <.<<9 m



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• %reas are recorded in s3uare metres(m:).

• n cadastral surveying, the area !erecorded in hectares (ha) when ite'ceeds 9<<< s3uare metres.

• he following conversion factor can!e used=

– 9 ha ? 9<<<< m:

Distane )nits



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Angu$ar )nits

• 5egree, 1inute, and -econd

– t is commonly used system for angular

measuring instruments and forcalculation in engineering and surveying.

– n this system @A< degrees ma#e up acircle, A< minutes ma#e a degree and A<

second ma#e a minute.– 6'ample 9@B@A49:C



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• 5ecimal 5egrees

– %re the decimal e3uivalent of degrees,

minutes and seconds.– 1ost scientic calculators calculate

trigonometric functions of anglese'pressed as decimal degrees.

• 6'ample @A<B ? @A<B94 ? 9DA< ? <.<9EB

9C ? 9DA<'A< ? 9D@A<< ? <.<<<@B

9@B@A49:C ? 9@B <.AB <.<<@@B ? 68.,88L

Angu$ar )nits

S & i



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Summar% o& )nitsin Geomati

Linear measurement Metric (SI) units

1 kilometer = 1,000 meter 1 meter = 100 centimeter 1 centimeter = 10 millimeter 1 decimeter = 10 centimeter 1 hectare (ha) = 10,000 m2

1 square kilometer = 1,000,000 m2

= 100 hectares

Foot-to-metric conversion

1 inch = 25,4 mm (exactly) 1 ft = 0.304 m (exactly) 1 km = 0.!213" miles (a##rox.)1 hectare (ha) = 2.4"1 acres (a##rox.) 1 km2 = 24".1 acres (a##rox.)

n!u"ar measurement

1 re$olution = 3!0% 1 de&ree = !0' 1 minute = !0 seconds1' = 1!0 = 0,001"%1 = 1!0x!0 = 13!00 = 0.0003%



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SCA0ES IN GEOMATIC

MEAS)FEMENTSMohd Efendi Daud (Dr. S"


(Geomati Di!ision"





S $ i G ti







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Sa$es in GeomatiMeasurements

• he scale of a map or plan is the ratioof the ground length to the map or

plan length.• % scale 99<<< indicates that one

meter on the plan represents 9<<< m

on the ground.• -mall scale surveys cover large

areas.

S $ i G ti



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• he preferred scales for used with

the metric system are

– 7arge scale 99<<< <<< to 9;<<<<

– 1edium scale 99< <<< to 99<<<

– -mall scale 9;<< to 9;< orlarger

Sa$es in GeomatiMeasurements



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E:erise 6

• Give the e'act denition ofGeomatic 5iscuss !rieHy the various

disciplines in Geomatic.



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E:erise 9

• 6'plain the di/erence !etween lane-urvey and Geodetic -urvey with

respect to geomatic measurement.• Ihat is the signicant di/erence

!etween topographic survey and

engineering survey in terms of theiruses and scales.



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E:erise 8

• Ihat is the e3uivalent value of :<hectares in s3uare meters

• *onvert the angular units of@<B@;49;C to decimal degrees.

• % town map with the scale 99;<<< is

considered as what #ind of mapscale

geomatic - geomatics concept

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