general background and e gov

General Background:E-Government

OpenCityPortal

Delta Nigeria, November 2008

Contents1. What’s the e-government

3. How to develop the e-Government3.1. Strategy

1.1. The goals of the e-government 1.2. The scope of the e-government

2. Current state of e-Government

4. E-Government around the World4.1. Best examples

2.1. E-Government levels

2.3. Challenges2.4. Obstacles

2.2. Cutting edges features

2.6. Benefits

4.2. Nigeria case

There are three imperatives for Governments to succeed in the currently world where every person and institution is connected to the rest:1. Use the network as a platform for collaboration and creativity2. “Empowering the edge” to make the best use all available expertise and experience3. Harness the potential of the society as a whole to create and share knowledgeThese principles transform the relationship between citizens and the state, breaking down the divide that often exists among them.

1. What’s the e-GovernmentE-Government (electronic government) refers to the use of an internet technology platform for exchanging information, providing services and interacting among citizens, businesses, and government institutions and for making government more accountable, transparent and effective.

In this way, the platform serves as a “single window” for all the services.

1. What’s the e-Government

It is not a matter of creating a new service but of reinventing the old: perform the same functions all governments do but in a better way using the electronic resources.It puts the public at the center of the service delivery task. This means delivery excellence and customer satisfaction become the key objective.

The Internet portal architecture acts as the catalyst for cost savings and service improvements but it cannot achieve these benefits simply by itself.

The starting point is located in correspondingly reforming the front- and backoffice Government processes.

Therefore, the portal is the driver for transformation, but transformation itself comes from integrating services and manage information across all the units through Government.

1. What’s the e-GovernmentThe chain covered by the E-Government project:

The user performs the task (consulting certain data, paying an item, sending a content...)

The user surfs the website and find what he is looking for (*)

The system gives the order to the bank of making or receiving a payment in an automatic way

The transaction performed is registered in the DDBB used to gather that kind of data

(*) A friendly interface and tools such as search engines are required

Navigation Interaction Payment Posting Reporting

Outstanding information is organized and

displayed for the responsible person

to monitor

Confirmation to the user

1.1. The Goals of e-GovernmentThe ultimate goal of e-government is to transform the government into more transparent, efficient and citizen-centric one.

In order to achieve it, e-government programme adopt several intermediate goals:1.Improve the service delivery to citizens2.Foster the participation of all the citizens giving their opinions and proposals3.Promote regional economic development4.Defend a more transparent Government5.Reform administrative processes to make them more citizen-centric oriented

1.2. The Scope of e-GovernmentIn order to achieve its goals, an e-Government programme should cover all the major target groups within its citizen population: households, businesses and NGOs.

Therefore, it is necessary to allow the interaction: • Government with Citizens: G2C• Government with Businesses: G2B• Government with Other Governments or Public Administrations: G2G• Citizens with Citizens: C2C

1. Benefits of the e-GovernmentA good e-Government level assures the following benefits:

Better and more flexible access (24x7 electronically) to government services:• Information is clearly organized according to the prospective user (‘citizen’,

‘business’ and ‘government’)• Users kept informed about last news and events since they are shown at a

glance.• ‘Help’ and ‘feedback’ options are accessible to solve any doubt

There is only one single counter or online “one-stop shopping” for public services

More agile service delivery

More transparency of the policies and legislation

Reference site for people living abroad of the community

For citizens

Promotion of the government making known the National Governance Plan.

More accurate information for better decision making

Cost savings: reuse and share of the existing IT assets for new offerings

Redeploy services among different agencies thanks to the faster service delivery

Definition and control of the service level agreements

Automation of the processes and improvement of the services by integrating the channels, processes and services and making a better use of the resources

1. Benefits of the e-GovernmentFor the Government

Efficiency gains: reduction of the bureaucracy, paperwork and processing time by shifting from paper-based to Web-based approval processes. This means: free time to do other things and the feeling of the work well done.

Aggregation of the information held in multiple locations by creating a unique record used by all the systems (regardless of the programming language).

For the Government employees

1. Benefits of the e-Government

1. Knowledge sharing about data and decisions made by other countries

2. Better use of the information provided by the E-participation

3. Interaction among the citizens which increase the overall economic activity of the country.

4. Increase of the tourism thanks to the knowledge about the country by other OCP Network members

5. Maintenance and continuous update of the platform that guarantee the technology and functionalities are always upgraded.

Together with the general benefits offered by e-government, OCP offers certain benefits derived from the OCP Network and the Knowledge Sharing capability:









2.5. Benefits

4.2. Nigeria case

Completely interactive democracy stage.


Emerging

Enhanced

Interactive

Transactional

Connected

It can be distinguisehed five stages in the level of e-Government.

Partial service delivery stage

Fully executable and integrated service delivery

Full integration of administration e-services

Information online with no interaction

Up to now, nations have passed through all the levels almost one by one. The trend already walked and the IT advances allow the municipalities currently developing their e-Government structures to go up much faster.

“First generation” portals are just information points about Government services.

While these portals were appropriate in a first moment, Internet and IT advances allows now a more extensive model which aims to involve a larger extension of the Government activity chain.

2.2. Cutting edge features

First e-government portal tended to be administratively oriented. Information was organized primarily according to the administrative structure of the government.

New e-Government is focused on citizens’ needs and the platforms are designed by categorizing information and services on the Web according to the needs of different user groups.

Citizen-centric oriented

Traditional e-government portals only offered the contents created by the Government but involving citizens, private and public organizations, businesses… in the content creation task will add higher value to the portal for all the users.

Inclusion of all citizens into content development

Up to now, portals and IT tools were hard programming and only computer specialistes know how to modify contents using them. Update and create entries in the portal and related tools must be easy to do. Otherwise users will not use them.

Make simpler the technology base

2.2. Cutting edge features

Complex programming tools that only computer specialists can develop made e-Government IT tools very expensive. The prices must become lower to make them affordable for all the communities.

Lower costs

Information used by several points of the Public Administration and collected by different agents is now common.

Not only within the boundaries of a certain institution but among all of them, information must flow and knowledge and lessons learnt shared.

Knowledge sharing

New portals, contrarily to old ones, allow users to give their opinions about the Government policies. This is translated into a more transparency of the Governments and, therefore, a higher trust of the citizens.

Promoting Government transparency

2.3. ChallengesThe main challenges to face to assure e-government success:1.Defining a LDA with the strategy and temporal plan 2.Convincing leaders and the rest of employees to take part3.Changing management processes4.Developing human capital and life long learning5.Provisioning of the adequate ICT infrastructure6.Seeking and establishing the collaboration with private and public organizations 7.Defining new policies and legislation

Despite of the challenges, it is a need to move to the e-Government:enhanced access to government servicesbetter data for government decision making greater efficiency for government processes and employees

The challenge is not about introducing a new type of service, but about reinventing the old: how to best perform the processes Government has performed for decades, in the electronic age.

2.4. Obstacles

For the sake of decreasing public employees uncertainty about what changes e-government means for them, it will be necessary to:Communicate in a clear and transparent way, how transition and migration processes will be madeIt is highly recommended to involve employees in the e-government by: A rewarding planning

• Loss of confidentiality • Increased control by government • Distrust on the security of the Internet

Citizens’ fears

In order to increase citizens’ trust in electronic transactions, it must be developed:laws for personal and confidential data protection authentication systems

• The pressure from users/customers, • Increased control on individual performance • Job cuts

Employees’ fears









2.6. Benefits

4.2. Nigeria case

The facing situation in order to develop e-Government: To achieve a high level of customer satisfaction, governments must become service-oriented as opposed to process-oriented. They must integrate their services in a global framework and establish and maintain high service-level standards. These initiatives means cultural and policy changes that must be addressed.

3. Strategy

This requires the appropriate leadership and an empowered and involved staff to develop and apply new and integrated processes and procedures using modern tools and technologies.

3. StrategyThe taskforce will formulate a 'government information system strategy' for the municipality, which will elaborate the priority objectives of an information system to support the e-government programme.

The system should be developed to achieve goals stated in the vision set out by the top management. The strategy should also contain a rationale and a sequencing and implementation plan.

Define the objectivesThe ultimate goal of the e-government initiative is the transformation of the government into more a efficient, transparent and citizen-centered one. In order to achieve this goal, the strategy should include not only technical solutions but also policy and organizational reforms.

Objectives should include the formulation of policies for: information management; communication; citizen's right to access information.

They will also set out a clear definition of the functions of the CIO and taskforce and identify the responsibility of government offices in terms of content creation and updating, etc.

3. StrategyDefine priorities and sequencing plans

The strategy should not simply be the shopping list of all projects possible under the e-government initiative. The strategic planning process should be based on reasonable assumptions about the budget and human resources that are available.

It should take into account the outcomes of an e-readiness assessment in terms of the status of existing physical ICT infrastructure and the relevance of the current regulatory framework.

The strategy should establish priorities within and between projects based on this analysis. Sequencing of various components should be established and a time-bound implementation plan should be agreed based upon technological considerations and the priorities.

OCP as the entry pointThe IT infrastructure required to e-Government is the point where difficulties arise due to budget constraints in most national and municipal governments in developing countries.

The Open City Portal is a cost-effective tool that offers a city portal that is locally relevant without spending too much on government IT systems.

3. StrategyGovernment Information System developed in the right sequence

Unless it already exists, the government information system should be developed in parallel with portal development.

Any computerized system is not only very expensive but requires detailed knowledge about the various user groups and their inter-relationships. Carefully phased programmes are therefore needed when such systems are being introduced.

It is recommended that:

(i)A citizens' registration and authentication system should be developed first as it provides the basis for all government information systems.

(ii)The second priority should be those e-government components which can produce additional revenue or significant cost savings, for example: tax online, a customs clearance system or an e-procurement system.

(iii)Another priority should be projects which increase the level of service and productivity of the government significantly. These may include systems for: information management; data/content management; knowledge management; and the linking of government databases through a web-service.

3. StrategyUltimate goal: transformation of the government

The strategy should clearly set out a road map for the transformation of government: •Creation of single points of contact/ interfaces through which government departments can interact with citizens; •Definition of responsibility for answering and responding to inquiries from citizens which should be in days not weeks; •Re-allocation of responsibility between different government agencies and different layers of government to make maximum use of the opportunities available.

Stand alone portalServices categorised

as citizen needs

Back-office systemsAutomatized and

correctly integrated

Leadership and staffCitizens

IT tools and Internet based

Final escenario when e-government is completely implemented









2.6. Benefits

4.2. Nigeria case

4. E-Government around the World

Europe has the leading position followed by the Americas, Asia and Oceania which are slightly below theworld average (0.4514). Africa comes lastly far below the rest of the continents.

Source: UN E-Government Survey 2008

E-government continues increasing worldwide as more countries are investing resources in developing their e-Government initiatives. Most countries have e-information on policies, laws and an archive section on their portals/websites.

The gap between e-information, e-consultation and e-decision-making is still wide for developing and developed countries.

The current worlwide e-government scenario

4. E-Government around the WorldEurope: 70%Asia: 20%North America: 5%Oceania: 5%

The European countries have invested heavily in deploying broadband infrastructure and in the implementation of e-government applications.

The two main reasons for the developing countries slow down e-government development are:

1.High cost of infrastructure deployment to handle e-government applications

2.Several competing pressing social issues (health, education, employment, etc.) that need to be dealt within the context of tight budget constraints

Top 35 countries in e-government

No countries from Africa, Caribbe, Central and South America and Central and South Asia

4.2. Nigeria case

West Africa remains far below the world average and is the lowest ranking region in Africa.

Therefore, Africa and more precisely Nigeria have still a long row to go to achieve the highest possible e-government level.


Although World e-readiness average level is 0.454, the leading nation, Sweden, presents a value of 0,916.

28

INDICATOR 2006Population, total 144.719.953,00Population growth (annual %) 2,35

Labor force, total 52.668.283,80Population ages 0-14 (% of total) 44,10Population ages 0-14, total 63.816.144,63Population ages 15-64 (% of total) 52,97Population ages 15-64, total 76.655.698,86Population ages 65 and above (% of total) 2,94Population ages 65 and above, total 4.247.964,78Urban population 70.912.776,97Urban population (% of total) 49,00Urban population growth (annual %) 4,00

Internet Hosts 1.968,00Internet Users 8.000.000,00Number of telephone lines 1.688.000,00

Telephone system

- The addition of a second fixed-line provider in 2002 resulted in faster growth of this service with fixed-line subscribership nearly tripling over the past five years. - Wireless telephony has grown rapidly, in part responding to the shortcomings of the fixed-line network; multiple service providers operate nationally- Combined fixed-line and mobile-cellular teledensity reached 25 per 100 persons in 2006- Further expansion and modernization of the fixed-line telephone network is needed.

4.2. Nigeria case

4.2. Nigeria caseNigeria e-government level although growing is still far bellow the world average.A deeper understanding of the main aspects and features involved in the e-government is required to come up with the best solutions to improve Nigeria’s e-readiness level.

Nigeria’s telecommunications infrastructure low level is the main handicap to be solved. Literacy (HC Index) must be increased to assure e-government success.

Source: UN E-Government Readiness Data Bases

4.2. Nigeria case


Second regional place but a level of 0.3063 means Nigeria has the necessary potential to advance in the right direction towards the best e-government.

All the Nigerian seen data offer a scenario where a good level of E-government together with the benefits associated to OCP will improve Nigeria economy and social life.

References1. Dpt of Accounting and Finance of the University of Zaragoza (Spain)“E-government and the transformation of public administrations in EU countries:

Beyond NPM or just a second wave of reforms?” studyAuthors: Lourdes Torres, Vicente Pina and Sonia Royo

2. CGI“Single-Window Government: Using the new generation of e-government to

transform government operations “ study

3. World Bank online DDBB

4. The CIA World Factbook

general background and e gov

Technology