Gamification of Innovation,Discovery, Research & Development

Incentives and Best Practices inCrowd-Sourcing & Crowd-Funding

Contests/“Prize Economy”

1901 – Nobel Prizes 1919/1927 – Orteig Prize ($25,000 for New York-Paris)1996/2004 – Ansari X Prize ($10M for space x 2/2 weeks)2001- InnoCentive (https://www.innocentive.com/)2004/2005 – DARPA Grand Challenge (150/132 miles)2006/2009 – Netflix Prize (10% improvement/Cinematch)2012/201? – DARPA Robotics Challenge*

Contestants normally spend

1.5 orders of magnitude * prize money

$$

Collective Intelligence & Crowd-Sourcing

1988 – IOWA Electronic Markets1996 - Hollywood Stock Exchange2001 – Wikipedia2001 – The Beast (AI: Artificial Intelligence)2004 – I Love Bees (42 Entertainment, Halo 2)2006 – MIT Center for Collective Intelligence

(Climate Collaboratorium)2009 – This Is Not a Game

Fold-It1998 – Rosetta (University of Washington)2005 – Rosetta@Home (BOINC)2008 – Foldit (http://fold.it)2011 - Deciphered the Mason-Pfizer monkey virus retroviral protease, an AIDS-causing monkey virus, in just ten days. The problem had already stumped scientists for 15 years.2012 – First reported crowd-sourced redesign of a protein (adding 13 amino acids increased activity more than 18-fold over the original).

NeuroEvolving Robotic Operatives (NERO)

2002 – NeuroEvolution of Augmenting Topologies (NEAT)2003 – 2nd GameDev conference focusing on AI

Project NERO started2005 – NERO 1.0 released2006 – real-time NEAT (rtNEAT)2007 – NERO 2.0 released2010 – OpenNERO released

(https://code.google.com/p/opennero/)2011 – Online Machine Learning Tournament

Crowd-Sourcing a Team for theDARPA Robotics Challenge

• Disaster Relief Scenario w/Eight Activities• Robot Operating System (ROS)• Gazebo (3-D Simulation Environment)• Amazon Web Services• Weekly Progressive Challenges• Modularization & Code Re-Use• Economic incentives• Team/Clan Competition