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5 2 3 4 7 8 9 10 11 After a long journey, the rare product from the homeland of coffee reaches the coffee cups of the consumers. The project has fulfilled all expectations: the smallholders of Kafa now have the means of improving their economic position without further assistance. They know that a product of whose exceptional quality they themselves are already convinced is valued and appreciated in other parts of the world too. That gives them an incentive to invest further in quality and in particular to conserve the natural basis of their business – the rainforest, without whose protec- tive, shady roof the wild coffee cannot flourish. To The coffee cup From the Rainforest ... And The smAllholders profiT until some years ago, wild coffee was known only to the farmers of the ethiopian rainforest. in their homes they enjoyed the aromatic black liquid, but the rare plant was not something from which much money could be made – until a development initiative brought together the producers in the south and the coffee connoisseurs in the north. sacks of the coffee are transported by lorry to the coast. When they reach the port of djibouti they are packed into containers and shipped abroad. in the first five years of the project, the farmers union exported almost 500 tonnes of raw coffee. upon arrival in its country of destination, the coffee is taken to special roasting facilities where it is slow-roasted in small quantities at low temperatures. experts regard the wild coffee from Kafa to be one of the best varieties in the world. 6 A sample taken from each batch of coffee that leaves Ethiopia is roasted and tasted by the governmental quality control body in Addis Ababa. Wild coffee was long regarded as an inferior product, but since the “Kafa Forest Coffee Farmers Cooperative Union” and experts from the project have been involved in improving production conditions, its standing has grown. Now, having obtained certified organic and fair trade labels, these wild beans have even become a flagship product for a country famed for its coffee production. The small-scale farmers of the Kafa province normally live from what grows in their fields. Cof- fee is the only product with which they can earn some additional money. With the aid of the development project, some 6,500 farmers are now organised into cooperatives selling coffee of a single variety and from a single source. The profit from this business has pushed up the value of the coffee forests to such an extent that it would make no sense for the farming families to cut them down and replace them with maize or millet fields. Since high-quality wild coffee has started fetching a good price, farmers in the province of Kafa have formed cooperatives. The coffee beans are brought to special collecting points where experts from the pro- ject check them for quality. The cooperatives’ recently established umbrella organisation has been granted its own export licence and can thus export the coffee it buys directly, bypassing the middlemen. The extra profit is shared out among the members of the cooperatives and invested in improving local infrastructure. Today, the smallholders dry the coffee berries on well-ventilated drying frames. The dried fruits are then milled to obtain the green coffee beans. When coffee prices were low, many farmers would simply spread the berries on the ground to spare themselves the work of laying them out. This often resulted in the fruit going mouldy, which in turn affected the flavour of the beans. As a result, the inferior coffee could not be sold on the international market. for the best quality, only the red, ripe berries are used. When the berries are dried, fermentation begins to take place inside the seed. This produces substances that are responsible for the delicate flavour of the arabica coffee after roasting. This traditional method of fermentation is superior to the commercial process, which involves removing the flesh of the coffee berry in a water bath. This process robs the coffee of its wild, spicy and fruity notes. The inhabitants of the present-day province of Kafa have probably been using the coffee berries for more than a thousand years. They also discovered how to roast the beans and drink the coffee-flavoured liquid. Now, as then, they pick the wild-growing fruits for their own use and sell them at the local markets. The preparation of coffee – celebrated in the well known “coffee ceremony” – is a essential part of Ethiopian tradition and everyday life. nine months after flower- ing, the coffee plants bear red, cherry-like fruits. The sweet, soft flesh conceals two seeds, flattened on their inner side – the green, rock-hard “coffee beans”. depending on the location in the ethiopian highlands, the plants have adapted in the course of evolution to the different growing conditions and so have developed a great number of different varieties – with properties that could be of great importance for future breeding. coffea arabica is an evergreen plant that grows where it is protected and shaded by trees. its preferred natural habitat is the lower stories of the mountain rain- forest, at altitudes between 1,400 and 2,000 metres. As soon as the first rain falls after the dry season in february, the trees and bushes produce white flowers on thin branches, permeating the forest with their pervasive scents. 1 Few people associate the east African country of Ethiopia with a dense rainforest. Yet once there were forests in the south-west of the country covering an area the size of the former West Germany. Only a tiny portion of these forests remains. However, the remnants continue to harbour many endemic species of animals and plants that are native to no other part of the world. One such species is Coffea arabica, the most precious of the coffee varieties. It first grew here thousands of years ago and this is the only place in which it continues to grow wild in the forest. With its undreamt-of biological diversity, this forest represents a genetic treasure house of enormous value for mankind.

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Page 1: From the Rainforest 1 To The coffee cup - Kafa Biospherekafa-biosphere.com/assets/content-documents/flyerefinal.pdfhow to roast the beans and drink the coffee-flavoured liquid. Now

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11 Afteralongjourney,therareproductfromthehomelandofcoffeereachesthecoffeecupsofthe

consumers.Theprojecthasfulfilledallexpectations:thesmallholdersofKafanowhavethemeansof

improvingtheireconomicpositionwithoutfurtherassistance.Theyknowthataproductof

whoseexceptionalqualitytheythemselvesarealreadyconvincedisvaluedandappreciatedinotherpartsoftheworldtoo.Thatgivesthemanincentivetoinvestfurtherinqualityandin

particulartoconservethenaturalbasisoftheirbusiness–therainforest,withoutwhoseprotec-

tive,shadyroofthewildcoffeecannotflourish.

ToThecoffeecupFrom the Rainforest

...AndThesmAllholdersprofiT

untilsomeyearsago,wildcoffeewasknownonlytothefarmersoftheethiopianrainforest.intheirhomestheyenjoyedthearomaticblackliquid,buttherareplantwasnotsomethingfromwhichmuchmoneycouldbemade–untiladevelopmentinitiativebroughttogethertheproducersinthesouthandthecoffeeconnoisseursinthenorth.

sacksofthecoffeearetransportedbylorrytothecoast.

Whentheyreachtheportofdjiboutitheyarepackedintocontainersand

shippedabroad.inthefirstfiveyearsoftheproject,thefarmersunion

exportedalmost500tonnesofrawcoffee.uponarrivalinitscountryof

destination,thecoffeeistakentospecialroastingfacilitieswhereitisslow-roasted

insmallquantitiesatlowtemperatures.expertsregardthewildcoffeefromKafatobe

oneofthebestvarietiesintheworld.

6

Asampletakenfromeachbatchofcoffeethat leavesEthiopiaisroastedandtastedbythegovernmentalqualitycontrolbodyinAddisAbaba.Wildcoffeewaslongregardedasaninferiorproduct,butsincethe“KafaForestCoffeeFarmersCooperativeUnion”andexpertsfromtheprojecthavebeeninvolvedinimprovingproductionconditions,itsstandinghasgrown.Now,havingobtainedcertifiedorganicandfairtradelabels,thesewildbeanshaveevenbecomeaflagshipproductforacountryfamedforitscoffeeproduction.

Thesmall-scalefarmersoftheKafaprovince normallylivefromwhatgrowsintheirfields.Cof-feeistheonlyproductwithwhichtheycanearnsomeadditionalmoney.Withtheaidofthedevelopmentproject,some6,500farmersarenoworganisedintocooperativessellingcoffeeofasinglevarietyandfromasinglesource.Theprofitfromthisbusinesshaspushedupthevalueofthecoffeeforeststosuchanextentthatitwouldmakenosenseforthefarmingfamiliestocutthemdownandreplacethemwithmaizeormilletfields.

Sincehigh-qualitywildcoffeehasstartedfetching agoodprice,farmersintheprovinceofKafahaveformedcooperatives.Thecoffeebeansarebroughttospecialcollectingpointswhereexpertsfromthepro-jectcheckthemforquality.Thecooperatives’recentlyestablishedumbrellaorganisationhasbeengranteditsownexportlicenceandcanthusexportthecoffeeitbuysdirectly,bypassingthemiddlemen.Theextraprofitissharedoutamongthemembersofthecooperativesandinvestedinimprovinglocalinfrastructure.

Today,thesmallholdersdrythecoffeeberrieson well-ventilateddryingframes.Thedriedfruitsarethenmilledtoobtainthegreencoffeebeans.Whencoffeepriceswerelow,manyfarmerswouldsimplyspreadtheberriesonthegroundtosparethemselvestheworkoflayingthemout.Thisoftenresultedinthefruitgoingmouldy,whichinturnaffectedtheflavourofthebeans.Asaresult,theinferiorcoffeecouldnotbesoldontheinternationalmarket.

forthebestquality,onlythered,ripeberriesareused.Whentheberriesaredried,fermentationbeginstotakeplaceinsidetheseed.Thisproducessubstancesthatareresponsibleforthedelicateflavourofthearabicacoffeeafterroasting.Thistraditionalmethodoffermentationissuperiortothecommercialprocess,whichinvolvesremovingthefleshofthecoffeeberryinawaterbath.Thisprocessrobsthecoffeeofitswild,spicyandfruitynotes.

Theinhabitantsofthepresent-day provinceofKafahaveprobablybeenusingthecoffeeberriesformorethanathousandyears.Theyalsodiscoveredhowtoroastthebeansanddrinkthecoffee-flavouredliquid.Now,asthen,theypickthewild-growingfruitsfortheirownuseandsellthematthelocalmarkets.Thepreparationofcoffee–celebratedinthewellknown“coffeeceremony”–isaessentialpartofEthiopiantraditionandeverydaylife.ninemonthsafterflower-

ing,thecoffeeplantsbearred,cherry-likefruits.Thesweet,softfleshconceals

twoseeds,flattenedontheirinnerside–thegreen,

rock-hard“coffeebeans”.dependingonthelocationin

theethiopianhighlands,theplantshaveadaptedinthecourseofevolutiontothedifferentgrowingconditionsandsohavedevelopedagreat

numberofdifferentvarieties–withpropertiesthatcouldbeofgreatimportanceforfuturebreeding.

coffeaarabicaisanevergreenplantthatgrowswhereitisprotected

andshadedbytrees.itspreferrednaturalhabitatisthelower

storiesofthemountainrain-forest,ataltitudesbetween1,400and2,000metres.Assoonasthefirstrainfallsafterthedryseasoninfebruary,thetrees

andbushesproducewhiteflowersonthinbranches,

permeatingtheforestwiththeirpervasivescents.

1 FewpeopleassociatetheeastAfricancountryof Ethiopiawithadenserainforest.Yetoncetherewereforestsinthesouth-westofthecountrycoveringanareathesizeoftheformerWestGermany.Onlyatinyportionoftheseforestsremains.However,theremnantscontinuetoharbourmanyendemicspeciesofanimalsandplantsthatarenativetonootherpartoftheworld.OnesuchspeciesisCoffeaarabica,themostpreciousofthecoffeevarieties.Itfirstgrewherethousandsofyearsagoandthisistheonlyplaceinwhichitcontinuestogrowwildintheforest.Withitsundreamt-ofbiologicaldiversity,thisforestrepresentsagenetictreasurehouseofenormousvalueformankind.

Page 2: From the Rainforest 1 To The coffee cup - Kafa Biospherekafa-biosphere.com/assets/content-documents/flyerefinal.pdfhow to roast the beans and drink the coffee-flavoured liquid. Now

summArYofThepppproJecT

Beforeprojectstart now

Annualexportofwildcoffeecertifiedasbeingfromasinglesite 0 upto150tonnes

Tradepriceforonelb(456g)ofrawcoffee 45UScents upto160UScents

Numberofcooperatives 3 26

Numberoffarmersorganisedintocooperatives 57 6,500

Cooperativewarehouses 0 12

Numberofpeopleprofitingfromtheexportofwildcoffee 0 ca.55,000

fromWiThin

preservingeThiopiA’s

Wild Beans

Asuccessfuldevelopmentcooperationprojectshowshownatureconservationandeconomicdevelopmentcancomplementeachother:theethiopianprovinceofKafaistheonlyplaceintheworldwherewildcoffeegrowsintherainforest.Thegenetictreasurehousetheforestrepresents,however,isunderthreatfromlogginganddeforestation.inordertocreateaninternationalmarketforKafa’swildcoffeesothatthisrareproductcanbesold,ethiopian

smallholdershavejoinedforceswithpartnersinamovewhichalsobenefitstherainforest.

Development

ImprInt

Thefollowingorganisationsareinvolvedinthisproject:

AidbyTradefoundation(www.cottonmadeinafrica.com)deutschegesellschaftfürTechnischeZusammenarbeit(www.gtz.de)germanfoundationforWorldpopulation(dsW)(www.weltbevoelkerung.de)georainforestconservation(www.regenwald.de)Kafaforestcoffeefarmerscooperativeunion(www.kafacoffeeunion.com)Kraftfoods(www.kraftfoods.de)naturschutzbunddeutschlande.v.(www.nABu.de)originalfoodgmbh(www.originalfood.de)rotarygermany(www.rotary.de)

photosreinerKlingholzexceptthelowerpictureonp.4:J.scholz

layoutJörgscholz(www.traktorimnetz.de)

Ethiopiaisoneofthemostfascinatingcountriesintheworld,butalsooneofthepoorest.Ithasimposinglandscapesanduniquebiologicaldiversity,whilefacingenormouspopula-tiongrowthandstrugglingwithaninfrastructurethatputsabrakeondevelopment.Thecountrystillhastheremnantsofrainforests,buttheyareshrinkingatanalarmingrate.

Theseforestsinthesouth-westofthecountryarehometothewild-growingCoffeaarabica.Itisthisimportantcropwhichisthefocusofthedevelopmentproject,involvingco-operationbetweenprivatecompanies,NGOsandtheGermanTechnicalCooperation(DeutscheGesellschaftfürTechnischeZusammenarbeit)GTZ.Theforestsformanaturalseedbankwhosevalueasageneticresourceexpertsestimateatupto1.5billiondollars.Despitethisimmensevalue,smallholdersinthepastearnednothingatallfrompreservingtheArabicagenepool.

Inthelightofthisdisparity,arangeofpartnerswithdiffer-ingexpertiseandexperiencegottogethertolaunchamodelprojectwhoseaimistopromotethesustainabledevelopmentoftheentireregion.Themainobjectiveofthismulti-com-ponentialprojectistoestablishapermanentinternationalmarketforEthiopianwildcoffee.Anappropriatelyhighpriceforthisspeciality,sothethinkinggoes,wouldmakeitmoreattractiveinthelongtermforfarmerstoconservetheforestthantoconvertitintoploughland.

ThepartnersarealsokeentohavethearearecognizedasaUNESCObiospherereserveinordertoestablishastronglinkbetweendevelopmentandconservation.Alarge-scalenaturereserveofthiskind,whichwouldincludebothuntouchedcorezonesofforest,bufferandtransitionzonesintheregion,wouldprovideimportantmarketingopportunitiesbothforlocalproductsandfortourismtothe“birthplace”ofcoffee.

TherighTpriceforQuAliTY

TheeconomicresponsibilityforthewildcoffeeprojectlieswiththeGermancompanyOriginalFood.Thecompanyim-portssun-driedwildcoffeefromtheBongaForesttoEuropewhereitisrefinedandmarketedasaspecialityproduct.ThelocalcooperativesaresupportedonissuessuchasimprovingqualitybycoffeeexpertsfromKraftFoods,whohavesetupqualitylaboratoriesspecificallyforthispurpose.

ThenatureconservationanddevelopmentorganisationGEORainforestConservation,whichhasbeenactiveintheKafaregionforyears,isworkingtoensurethatthelong-termconservationoftherainforestscanbesustainablyrecon-ciledwiththecarefulutilisationofwildcoffee.Aparticipa-toryforestmanagementschemewhichseesthesmallhold-ersenterintoagreementswiththelocalgovernmentoftheKafaProvinceisanimportantelementofthiswork.

Thelarge-scaleconservationareaisplannedbytheEthio-piangovernmentinclosecooperationwiththeenvironmen-talgroupNABU(NaturschutzbundDeutschlande.V.).GEORainforestConservationandtheAidbyTradeFoundationprovidesupporttotheimplementationonboththelocalandnationallevels.

ThesocialaspectsoftheprojectarejointlycoordinatedbytheGermanFoundationforWorldPopulation(DSW)andRotaryGermany.Themeasuresthesebodiesareinvolvedinareprimarilyaimedatslowingpopulationgrowthinordertoreducepressureonscarcenaturalresources,andathaltingthespreadofHIV/Aidsintheregionthroughanextensiveprogrammeofoutreachwork.

pppincollABorATivedevelopmenT?

Asaformofcooperationbetweenthestateandtheprivatesector,Public-PrivatePartnerships(PPP)provideaneffectivemeansoflinkingprivatesectorinterestsandgovernmentdevelopmentgoalsforthebenefitofbothsides.In1999,theGermanFederalMinistryforEconomicCooperationandDevelopment(BMZ)setupthePPPprogrammeandcommissionedGTZtoimplementsuchprojects.

Finally,GTZ,theimplementingorganisationactiveonbehalfoftheGermanMinistryforEconomicCooperationandDevelopment(BMZ),contributestheexperienceofaninternationalorganisation,hasallthenecessarycontactsatpolicy-makinglevel,andprovidesthelocalexperts.

OntheEthiopianside,theprojecthasdevelopedanimpressivemomentumofitsown.Whenthefarmersrealisedthatthepro-ducttheythemselvesheldinsuchhighesteemcouldalsofetchagoodpriceonthemarket,someofthecooperativesthathadformedduringtheeraofEthiopiansocialismbutsubsequentlyfallenintoinactivity,awokefromyearsofslumber.Ontheirowninitiative,withthesupportofthelocalgovernment,theycreatedaqualitycontrolsystem,providedadvicetothesmall-holdersandsetupanetworkofcentralcollectionpoints.

Withthesupportoftheprojectpartners,thecooperatives,whichnownumberthegrandtotalof26,thensetuptheumbrellaorganisationtheKafaForestCoffeeeFarmersCo-operativeUnionunderwhoseauspicesover6,500farmersarenoworganized.Theunionhasitsownexportlicence,whichmeansitcansellandtransportKafa’swildcoffeetotheportofDjiboutiwithouthavingtoemploymiddlemen.

progressonAllfronTs

Withinashorttime,localharvestingandprocessingconditionshadimprovedsignificantly.Sincethen,theamountofhigh-quality,sustainablyharvested,certifiedorganicwildcoffeeproducedeachyearhasrisensteadily.Membersofthecooperativeshavereceivedtraininginharvesting,internalmonitoringsystemsandaspectsoffairtrade.Managersandbookkeepershavebeenemployed,andofficesandstoragefacilitiessetup.TheFarmersUnionhassuchagoodcreditstandingthatfarmerscanbepaidbeforethecoffeehasactuallybeensoldontheinternationalmarket.

ThesmallholdersofKafatakeacertainprideinthefactthattheirproductandlabourisappreciatedbyconnoisseursandgastronomicexpertsinfarawayEurope.Theycanseetheirlivesimprovinginotherways,too,asthesocialaspectsoftheprojecttakeeffect.Innumerousareas,thevillagersthemselveshavetakenoverresponsibilityforrainforestconservationandforgrantingrightstousetheforest.WithsupportoftheDSW,youthclubsprovideinformationonthethreatofHIV/Aidsandthebenefitsandnecessityoffamilyplanning.Nursesandmidwivesarenowactiveeveninremoteareas,caringforthelocalpopulation.

InordertoavoidstagnationinthedevelopmentprocessandtoensurethatthingsimproveevenfurtherforKafaprovince,the“birthplace”ofcoffee,yetmoreeconomicsupportandtargetedprojectworkisplanned.

Themedium-termobjective,forinstance,istosetupaninternationallyrecognizednatureconservationareatofosterthedevelopmentoftheregionoverasustainedperiodandtoensurethattheremainingvarietiesofwildcoffeeareenduringlypreservedintheirnaturalhabitat,therainforest.TherulesgoverningUNESCObiospherereservespermitthesustainableuseofresources,makingthisapromisingapproach.

Itwilltaketimetoachievethisambitiousgoal,buttimethatitisworthinvesting-forKafa,forEthiopiaand,fromaclimatepolicyperspective,forallofus.Onlythenecessarygroundworkwillensurethattherainforestscancontinuetofulfiltheircrucialfunctionfortheglobalclimate.


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