From Enterprise Architecture to E-government Adoption: The Critical Success Factors for SwazilandComfort Mhlanga

Introduction

Research Question

Research Objectives

Research Scope

Literature Review

Methodology: Analysis

Results

Contents

Motivation• Through assistance from the Commonwealth Secretariat, The

Swaziland Government has drafted its e/m-Government Strategy for 2013 to 2017

• Based on Enterprise Architecture model that is interoperable• “over 40% of the Govt. EA programs will be stopped through

2012 due to poor execution” - G. Makiya

What is E-Government• E-Government is a vehicle for national economic and social

development, particularly in a small and developing nations where Government plays a far more active and pervasive role in the economy and society than in more advanced countries

Defining EA• Enterprise architectures are ‘blueprints’ for systematically

defining an organization’s current (baseline) and/or desired (target) environment. Enterprise architectures are essential for evolving information systems and developing new systems that optimize their mission value

-Bellman et al

What is EA?• ‘Descriptive representations (i.e. models) that are relevant for

describing an enterprise such that it can be produced to management’s requirements (quality) and maintained over the period of its useful life (change).’ - Zachman (1996)

Why FEA?• Enterprise architecture frameworks and models provide ways

to deal with the complexity including work (who, where), function (how), information (what) and infrastructure (how to)

- J Ross (2003)• National enterprise architectures (NEA) promise to fill the gap

between policy and implementation- Marijn Janssen (2007)

Common Frameworks: Zachman’s

Common frameworks: TOGAF

Research Question• What are the critical factors for the successful implementation

of the Enterprise architecture and thus a good e-/ m-government for Swaziland

Research Objectives• To determine key activities successful implementation of

Enterprise Architecture in EGOV

Methodology

Literature Review

Analyze AS-IS situation based

on Literature(Benc

hmark)

Conclusion & Recommendati

on

Literature Review

Mapping EGOV maturity & GEA models

• The IBM E-Government Seven Milestones:• The integration process to found a general vision

for the whole system.• The economic development to manage the related financial issues.• E-democracy to formalize the government democratic architecture

into electronic one.• E-communities to move towards the fully digital societies.• Intergovernmental processes to connect all the governmental

agencies with each other into strongly connected governmental architecture.

• Policy environment to make sure that all previous stages are safely tested with no security or privacy conflicts.

• The next generation Internet stage that will explore all the above stages on the World Wide Web (WWW) using the most recently updated technologies in this domain

• Framework for Enterprise Architecture

- Zakareya Ebrahim and Zahir Irani

Possible Cuccess Factors

Barriers to EGOV adoption• IT Infrastructure• Security and Privacy• IT Skills• Organizational• Operational Cost

INTRODUCING SWAZILAND EGOV INITIATIVE

Vision for e-/m-government for Swaziland

Strategic Framework e-/m-Government for Swaziland

Swaziland infrastructure impending e-Gov

Leveraging Electronic Transaction and Commerce Act for Rapid Reach level IIof the UN e-Gov Maturity Model

Government Portal

Tinkhundla and Post offices as e-Delivery Channels

Telecommunication Infrastructure

Conceptual Architecture Model

Functional Elements of Conceptual Architecture Model for the e-/m-Government Platform for SwazilandConceptual architecture

EGOV Transformation Roadmap

Challenges facing EGOV initiative• Low level of Internet penetration: • Infrastructure constraints: • Digital Divide• No Cyber security law• Lack of awareness• Conflicts of IT industry players• Lack of resources

Results: CSF• There are clearly many challenges • More needs to be done in the area of internet penetration

Conclusions• Policy• Funding• Commitment

THANK YOU!

Referrences• Bellman, B. Rausch, F. Enterprise Architecture for e-Government. R.

Traunmüller (Ed.): EGOV 2004, LNCS 3183, pp. 48–56, 2004• Hjort-Madsen, K. Enterprise Architecture Implementation and

Management: A Case Study on Interoperability. Proceedings of the 39th Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences – 2006

• Adegboyega Ojo, Tomasz Janowski and Elsa Estevez. Improving Government Enterprise Architecture Practice – Maturity Factor Analysis. (2006).

• Matthee M.C., Tobin P., van der Merwe P. The status quo of enterprise architecture implementation in South African financial services companies (2006). S.Afr.J.Bus.Manage.2007,38(1)

• G. Makiya, “Impact of Organization Culture, Structure and Design on Enterprise Architecture Programm Performance: A Qualitative Study,” Case Western Reserve University, 2009.

• Ebrahim, Z. , Irani Z. E-government adoption: architecture and barriers. Business Process Management Journal. ISSN: 1463-7154