Founding of the 13 Founding of the 13 Original ColoniesOriginal Colonies

MMassachusettsassachusetts RRhode Islandhode Island CConnecticutonnecticut aandnd NNew Hampshireew Hampshire

PilgrimsPilgrims received a received a chartercharter to settle in to settle in AmericaAmerica Pilgrims -SeparatistsPilgrims -Separatists who left forwho left for religious religious

freedomfreedom

Mayflower went off course Mayflower went off course

& landed in Plymouth, MA& landed in Plymouth, MA

Mayflower Compact Mayflower Compact –Promised to –Promised to obey the laws obey the laws passed “passed “for the for the general good of the colonygood of the colony”” 11stst self-government in America self-government in America

In the name of God, Amen. We whose names are [listed below], the In the name of God, Amen. We whose names are [listed below], the loyal subjects of our dread sovereign (authority) Lord, King James, by loyal subjects of our dread sovereign (authority) Lord, King James, by the grace of God…the grace of God…

Having [started], for the glory of God, and advancement of the Having [started], for the glory of God, and advancement of the Christian faith, and honor of our King and Country, a voyage to plant Christian faith, and honor of our King and Country, a voyage to plant the first colony in the northern parts of Virginia, do…in the presence the first colony in the northern parts of Virginia, do…in the presence of God, and one of another, [promise] and combine our selves of God, and one of another, [promise] and combine our selves together into a civil body politic (government), for our better ordering together into a civil body politic (government), for our better ordering and preservation and furtherance of the ends [mentioned above]; and and preservation and furtherance of the ends [mentioned above]; and by virtue hereof to enact (pass), constitute, and frame such just and by virtue hereof to enact (pass), constitute, and frame such just and equal laws, ordinances, acts, constitutions and offices, from time to equal laws, ordinances, acts, constitutions and offices, from time to time, as shall be thought most meet and convenient for the general time, as shall be thought most meet and convenient for the general good of the Colony, unto which we promise all due submission and good of the Colony, unto which we promise all due submission and obedience. In witness whereof we have hereunder subscribed our obedience. In witness whereof we have hereunder subscribed our names at Cape Cod, the eleventh of November [New Style, November names at Cape Cod, the eleventh of November [New Style, November 21], in the year of the reign of our sovereign lord, King James, of 21], in the year of the reign of our sovereign lord, King James, of England, France, and Ireland, the eighteenth, and of Scotland the fifty-England, France, and Ireland, the eighteenth, and of Scotland the fifty-fourth. Anno Domini 1620.fourth. Anno Domini 1620.

Puritans -Puritans - ProtestantsProtestants who wanted to reform who wanted to reform (purify) The Church of (purify) The Church of EnglandEngland

Received a royal Received a royal chartercharter to leave to leave for religious for religious freedom freedom to practice their to practice their religion without religion without persecutionpersecution

Create a Create a society based society based on the Bibleon the Bible

Town meetings Town meetings (democratic (democratic government )government ) Only white male church Only white male church

members could votemembers could vote

1623 1623 settled in settled in PortsmouthPortsmouth Proprietary/ royal Proprietary/ royal colony colony

founded founded by fisherman by fisherman for for trade and fishingtrade and fishing

16381638 - - John John WheelwrightWheelwright

Led group of Led group of nonconformist Puritansnonconformist Puritans from MA to Exeter, NH from MA to Exeter, NH for for religious freedomreligious freedom

Drew up Drew up Exeter Compact-Exeter Compact-based on Mayflower based on Mayflower Compact (self government)Compact (self government)

Thomas HookerThomas Hooker- Puritan - Puritan minister dissatisfied with MA minister dissatisfied with MA leadershipleadership

Want more freedomWant more freedom 16361636 – led his congregation – led his congregation

southeast of MA through southeast of MA through the wilderness the wilderness

Founded Founded HartfordHartford & 3 years & 3 years later formed a later formed a chartercharter colony colony joining 3 towns joining 3 towns

““The foundation of The foundation of authority is laid in the free authority is laid in the free consent of the people." - consent of the people." - Thomas HookerThomas Hooker

Adopted a governmental Adopted a governmental plan- plan- Fundamental Orders Fundamental Orders of Connecticut: 1of Connecticut: 1stst written written constitution in Americaconstitution in America

Forasmuch as it has pleased Almighty God by the wise [character] of His Divine Providence (His Holy Wisdom) so to order and dispose of things that we, the inhabitants and residents of Windsor, Hartford, and Wethersfield are now cohabiting and dwelling in and upon the Conectecotte (Connecticut) and the lands thereunto adjoining (touching); and well knowing where a people are gathered together the Word of God requires that, to maintain the peace and union of such a people, there should be an orderly and decent government established according to God, to order and dispose of the affairs of the people at all season as occasion shall require; do therefore associate and [unite] ourselves to be as one public state or commonwealth…As also in our civil (political) affairs to be guided and governed according to such laws, rules, orders, and decrees as shall be made, ordered and decreed, as follows:

Laws, Rules, and Orders (examples)Laws, Rules, and Orders (examples)1) …there shall be yearly two general assemblies or courts…

4) …no one person be chosen governor above once in two years…and…be a member of the approved congregation (group)

Founded by Founded by Roger Roger WilliamsWilliams 16361636 – Received a – Received a

chartercharter & founded & founded ProvidenceProvidence

Against taking Native Against taking Native American landAmerican land

Religious freedom & Religious freedom & tolerationtoleration

Separation of church & Separation of church & statestate

Founded the 1Founded the 1stst Baptist Baptist Church in AmericaChurch in America

NewNew York NewNew Jersey PennPennsylvania DDelawareware

16241624 – – DutchDutch West West India CompanyIndia Company

Main city- New Main city- New Amsterdam Amsterdam (New York (New York City)City) German, Swedish, German, Swedish,

Dutch, & Finnish Dutch, & Finnish settlerssettlers

Excellent trade using Excellent trade using the Hudson River & the Hudson River & a good harbor a good harbor

EnglishEnglish wanted it & wanted it & attacked in attacked in 1664 1664 Viewed as a threat to Viewed as a threat to

other English trade & other English trade & settlementssettlements

Dutch surrenderedDutch surrendered

Proprietary/Royal Proprietary/Royal Colony Colony

Gift to the Gift to the Duke of YorkDuke of York Renamed - Renamed - New YorkNew York

1664 1664 foundedfounded Trenton Trenton Land below NY givenLand below NY given

to Lord to Lord John Berkeley John Berkeley & Sir & Sir George CarteretGeorge Carteret Duke of York gave away Duke of York gave away

for land sales for land sales Proprietary /royal Proprietary /royal

colonycolony

Encouraged settlers Encouraged settlers by offering:by offering: Large tracts of landLarge tracts of land Freedom of religionFreedom of religion Trial by juryTrial by jury A A representative representative

assemblyassembly

King gave a charter for a King gave a charter for a proprietary proprietary colonycolony to to William Penn William Penn as payment for debt he owed the as payment for debt he owed the family --nearly as large as Englandfamily --nearly as large as England

• 16811681 – Founded – Founded PhiladelphiaPhiladelphia

Founded forFounded for religious freedom for religious freedom for Society of Society of FriendsFriends==QuakersQuakers

• Believed every individual had an “inner light” leading to Believed every individual had an “inner light” leading to salvationsalvation

• Welcomed different religions & nationalitiesWelcomed different religions & nationalities• Treated Natives fairlyTreated Natives fairly

1638 - proprietary 1638 - proprietary colony settled in colony settled in Willmington by Willmington by SwedesSwedes

Swedish trading postSwedish trading post

EnglandEngland took over took over inin 16821682

Swedish settlers built Swedish settlers built 11stst log cabins in log cabins in AmericaAmerica

VirginiaVirginia GGeorgia North CCarolina South CCarolina MMaryland

LordLord Baltimore Baltimore -- dreamed dreamed of of safe place for Catholicssafe place for Catholics

1632 – 1632 – Main settlement ofMain settlement of Baltimore Baltimore (port city)(port city)

Proprietary Proprietary colony north colony north of Virginia of Virginia

Passed Toleration Act - Passed Toleration Act - Religious Freedom & Religious Freedom & tolerationtoleration

Planted tobacco & cornPlanted tobacco & corn Maryland law - “every person Maryland law - “every person

planting tobacco shall tend 2 planting tobacco shall tend 2 acres of corn”acres of corn”

1607 1607 - - Virginia Company Virginia Company of London of London Royal charter Royal charter to to

Chesapeake Bay-Chesapeake Bay-JamestownJamestown

ForFor trade & profit trade & profit England’s 1England’s 1stst permanent permanent

American colonyAmerican colony

Difficult beginning yearsDifficult beginning years Developed high grade Developed high grade

tobaccotobacco= settlement = settlement flourishedflourished Slave LaborSlave Labor

CreatedCreated House of Burgesses House of Burgesses for more local control-for more local control-11stst representative assemblyrepresentative assembly

1663 – 8 proprietors 1663 – 8 proprietors created created proprietary proprietary colonycolony

For profitFor profit Carolina = Charles’ Carolina = Charles’

Land in LatinLand in Latin Founded Charles Founded Charles

Town, later called Town, later called CharlestonCharleston

Wrote a Wrote a constitutionconstitution

Northern Northern territoryterritory settled by VA farmerssettled by VA farmers

GrewGrew tobaccotobacco Sold forest productsSold forest products, ,

i.e. timber & tari.e. timber & tar

SouthernSouthern more more prosperousprosperous

GrewGrew ricerice Developed Developed indigo-indigo-dye dye

for textilesfor textiles

UsedUsed slaves slaves

Split in 1712Split in 1712

1735 1735 –– foundedfounded SavannahSavannah James OglethorpeJames Oglethorpe Military outpost to Military outpost to

protect from Spanishprotect from Spanish Proprietary/ Royal Proprietary/ Royal

CharterCharter for English for English debtors debtors & & poor poor peoplepeople

Wanted “sober, Wanted “sober, industrial, & moral industrial, & moral persons”persons” Religious freedom--Religious freedom--

Except CatholicsExcept Catholics Banned slavery & rumBanned slavery & rum

Founded 50 years after Founded 50 years after the other 12the other 12