FOUNDING OF THE ENGLISH

COLONIES

TYPES OF COLONIES•PROPRIETARY• FOUNDED BY GROUPS OR INDIVIDUAL WHO

KING GAVE LAND TO

•ROYAL•COLONIES GOVERNED DIRECTLY BY KING OR

APPOINTED ROYAL GOVERNOR

•CHARTER • CHARTERS GRANTED BY THE KING

•ABLE TO GOVERN THEMSELVES A GREAT DEAL

WHY COME TO THE NEW WORLD?- Two main reasons for the English to come to the New World: 1)Hoped to find wealth;2)Wanted religious freedom

- Major colonies founded on religious dissentPuritans/Pilgrims- Mass. Bay ColonyQuakers- Penn.Catholics- Maryland

EARLY BRITISH COLONIES• BEGINNING IN THE EARLY 1600S,

THE ENGLISH ESTABLISHED COLONIES ALONG THE EASTERN COAST OF NORTH AMERICA

• 1607: JAMESTOWN WAS FIRST TO BE SETTLED

• JOHN SMITH LED THIS GROUP OF SETTLERS• COLONY STRUGGLED AT FIRST,

THEN WAS SAVED BY TOBACCO CROP ESTABLISHED BY JOHN ROLFE

• “HE WHO DOES NOT WORK, DOES NOT EAT.”

PURITANS CREATE A “NEW ENGLAND”

• THE 16TH CENTURY REFORMATION CAUSED A SPLIT IN THE CHRISTIAN CHURCH BETWEEN THE CATHOLICS AND PROTESTANTS

•ONE EXTREME GROUP OF PROTESTANT REFORMERS – THE PURITANS SOUGHT TO CLEANSE OR “PURIFY” THEIR RELIGION OF ALL TRACES OF CATHOLICISM

PURITAN, OR “PILGRIM”

COLONISTS MEET RESISTANCE•NEW ENGLAND COLONISTS

(PURITANS) SOON CONFLICTED WITH THE NATIVE AMERICANS OVER LAND & RELIGION

•KING PHILIP’S WAR WAS FOUGHT IN 1675 BETWEEN THE NATIVES AND PURITANS ENDING A YEAR LATER WITH MANY DEAD AND THE NATIVES RETREATING

ENGLAND’S COLONIES PROSPER• THROUGHOUT THE 1600S AND 1700S,

MORE BRITISH COLONIES WERE ESTABLISHED

•BY 1752, THE ENGLISH CROWN HAD ASSUMED MORE & MORE RESPONSIBILITY FOR THE 13 COLONIES

MERCANTILISM= AN ECONOMIC SYSTEM IN WHICH NATIONS SEEK TO INCREASE THEIR WEALTH BY OBTAINING GOLD & SILVER AND WITH A FAVORABLE BALANCE OF TRADE

• HELPED ENGLAND CONTROL COLONIES

King George III

NE CHARACTERISTICS1)Founded for religious

freedom;2)Soil was very

hilly/rocky– made farming difficult;

3)Focused instead on shipbuilding and trade

Consisted of Massachusetts (which included Maine), Connecticut, Rhode

Island, New Hampshire

SETTLING THE MIDDLE COLONIES

•DOMINATED BY DUTCH AND QUAKER SETTLERS

• WILLIAM PENN LED QUAKERS

MIDDLE CHARACTERISTICS

1)Nicknamed ‘breadbasket colonies’ due to their high wheat production;

2)Major port cities for trade– New York and Philadelphia;

3)Industries: sawmills, mines and ironworks

Consisted of New York, Pennsylvania, New Jersey and

Delaware

SETTLING THE SOUTHERN COLONIES

•DOMINATED BY POORER FARMERS

•LED TO THE ESTABLISHMENT OF THE PLANTATION SYSTEM

SOUTHERN CHARACTERISTICS

1)Population very spread out due to the size of farms;

2)Warm climate and long growing season;

3)Cash crops:Tobacco- Big in MD, VA, and NCTar, pitch, turpentine- NCRice, indigo- SC, GA

Consisted of Maryland, Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina and

Georgia