Foundations of Social Studies

Human Geography

Religion

An organized set of beliefs humans use to explain the universe

Explains why things happen from the perspective of faith

Looking toward a higher power to bring healing, comfort, and understanding

Definitions

1. UniversalizingBelieve they have the truth for all people, and try to convert others

2. EthnicDo not try to convert others, focusing on their own ethnic group

Monotheistic: belief in ONE godPolytheistic: belief in MULTIPLE gods

Types

Founded in 1800 BCE by AbrahamPlace: Middle East (Israel)MonotheisticFollow the Old Testament (Torah)Rabbis are the leaders (ethnic religion)Basic beliefs

God’s chosen people and Israel is the holy landMade a promise (covenant) with God

**Christianity and Islam find their roots in Judaism**

Judaism

Began in 30 CE in JerusalemBelieve Jesus is the Son of God and they

follow him• 3 branches: Roman Catholic, Eastern Orthodox,

Protestant• Basic beliefs:

The bible, one God, Jesus saved the world-faith in him to be saved, Ten Commandments

Universalizing **Largest religion in the world( 2.1

billion)**

Christianity

Place: Middle East ( Mecca)Teachings are in the Quran2 branches: Sunni and Shi’aBasic Beliefs:

5 pillars 1-belief in Muhammad (prophet/founder) & Allah

(God)2-praying 5 times a day3-giving charity / paying alms ($)4-fast during the month of Ramadan 5-traveling to Mecca at least once

**2nd largest universalizing religion**

Islam

Began in India around 2000 BCEEthnic religion found mostly

in IndiaBasic Beliefs:

Reincarnation- come back as another beingPolytheistic- Brahma, Vishnu, Shiva 0rally passed on

Third largest religion

Hinduism

Began in North India around 600 BCEFounder: Siddhartha Gautama “Budda”

saw suffering and wanted it to stop through meditation he became enlightenedLife is hard because of human desire for

material goods3 branches: Theravada, Mahayana, &

VajrayanaBasic beliefs:

Eightfold path- rules and guidelines to live lifeNirvana- a perfect state of being

Buddhism