Foundations of Social Studies
Human Geography
Religion
An organized set of beliefs humans use to explain the universe
Explains why things happen from the perspective of faith
Looking toward a higher power to bring healing, comfort, and understanding
Definitions
1. UniversalizingBelieve they have the truth for all people, and try to convert others
2. EthnicDo not try to convert others, focusing on their own ethnic group
Monotheistic: belief in ONE godPolytheistic: belief in MULTIPLE gods
Types
Founded in 1800 BCE by AbrahamPlace: Middle East (Israel)MonotheisticFollow the Old Testament (Torah)Rabbis are the leaders (ethnic religion)Basic beliefs
God’s chosen people and Israel is the holy landMade a promise (covenant) with God
**Christianity and Islam find their roots in Judaism**
Judaism
Began in 30 CE in JerusalemBelieve Jesus is the Son of God and they
follow him• 3 branches: Roman Catholic, Eastern Orthodox,
Protestant• Basic beliefs:
The bible, one God, Jesus saved the world-faith in him to be saved, Ten Commandments
Universalizing **Largest religion in the world( 2.1
billion)**
Christianity
Place: Middle East ( Mecca)Teachings are in the Quran2 branches: Sunni and Shi’aBasic Beliefs:
5 pillars 1-belief in Muhammad (prophet/founder) & Allah
(God)2-praying 5 times a day3-giving charity / paying alms ($)4-fast during the month of Ramadan 5-traveling to Mecca at least once
**2nd largest universalizing religion**
Islam
Began in India around 2000 BCEEthnic religion found mostly
in IndiaBasic Beliefs:
Reincarnation- come back as another beingPolytheistic- Brahma, Vishnu, Shiva 0rally passed on
Third largest religion
Hinduism
Began in North India around 600 BCEFounder: Siddhartha Gautama “Budda”
saw suffering and wanted it to stop through meditation he became enlightenedLife is hard because of human desire for
material goods3 branches: Theravada, Mahayana, &
VajrayanaBasic beliefs:
Eightfold path- rules and guidelines to live lifeNirvana- a perfect state of being
Buddhism
