political history of the united states. political ideology – basic beliefs, principles and values...
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Political Ideology – basic beliefs, principles and values that determine how a person explains how the believe a society should function
Political Party – a group of people who share the same basic political ideology and seek to attain political power within a government through the election process
Party Platform – a political party’s stated beliefs and intentions
George Washington – elected unanimously as the first President of the United States
John Adams – finished 2nd to Washington, first vice President and first President of Senate
John Jay – Appointed by Washington as first Supreme Court Chief Justice
Washington’s Cabinet
Thomas Jefferson – Secretary of State
Alexander Hamilton – Secretary of Treasury
Henry Knox – Secretary of War Edmund Randolph – Attorney General
Executive Departments
Department of State – diplomacy and foreign affairs,Fifth in line to Presidency
Department of Treasury – financial and economic matters, sixth in line to Presidency
Department of Defense (War) – armed services and military matters, seventh in line to Presidency
Department of Justice – legal affairs and chief law enforcement officer, eighth in line to Presidency
James Madison – Representative from Virginia, House of Representatives
Aaron Burr – Senator from New York
John Marshall - Representative from Virginia, House of Representatives
James Monroe – Senator from Virginia
John Quincy Adams – Returned from Russia after the war, became a lawyer and then ambassador to the Netherlands
Andrew Jackson – the young boy who had been slashed by a British officer became a self taught lawyer out on the frontier in Tennessee, liked to drink and gamble and get into duels
Charles Pinckney – Representative from South Carolina
Charles Pinckney – Senator from South Carolina
Thomas Pinckney – Senator from South Carolina
Timothy Pickering – Served under Washington in War, served as both Secretary of War and State
James McHenry – Served with Washington in War, served as Secretary of War
Anti-Federalists Federalists
Patrick Henry
Samuel Adams
George Mason
Alexander Hamilton
James Madison
John Jay
Democratic-Republicans
Federalists
Wanted small central government, non-industrial economy, no central bank, state rights, personal liberty, alliance with France
Wanted strong central government, industrial economy, central bank, aristocratic rule, alliance with Great Britain
First Party System
Conservative – promotes traditional institutions and gradual and slow change within society
Liberal – promotes change in society and a move away from traditions
Hawk – someone who advocates going to war
Dove – someone who does not advocate going to war
Strict Constructionism – the philosophy that the Constitution should be interpreted literally and focuses on the original meanings of the Framers and not interpretations and should only be changed through the amendment process
Loose Constructionism – the philosophy that the Constitution should be broadly interpreted and that the framers included implied powers so that the Constitution can change with society
Whiskey Rebellion
Congress passes a tax on whiskey, supporters of Jefferson and the Democrat-Republicans refuse to pay and start a rebellion, so Washington……….
Becomes the first and only President to personally lead troops into battle to suppress the rebellion
Jay Treaty
Treaty that said that the United States would Trade with Great Britain and not FranceWashington signed it to stay out of War
Washington Retires
Washington walks away (again) retiring after two terms and setting the precedent of the two term presidency which will last for 144 years and 31 Presidents
The Quasi War
An undeclared war with France over control of shipping routes. To protect against a French invasion Adams creates an Army and then asks………
Dying
Which he does shortly after taking command but not before he tells to Adams to give command to…………
The Alien and Sedition Acts
Signed into law by Adams the Acts made it illegal to speak out against the government and banned immigrants from entering the country and deported immigrants
Election of 1800
Vs.
In the first election that both parties tried to “balance the ticket” by having a candidate
from the North and South Adams would have won if not for the 3/5 clause. Instead two
Democratic- Republicans finished in a tie by mistake
62
61
73
73
Federalist
Democratic-Republican
State Legislatures
FDR
Majority50% + 1
Electoral College
House of Representatives
Majority of States
Senate
President Pro Tempore – 3rd in line
Jefferson Revolution
Hamilton chose Jefferson after making a deal with him that he would continue some Federalist policies and because he hated
Burr. The Democrat-Republican Party would rule for the next 28 years and eventually destroy the Federalist Party
On his way out of office Adams appoints John Marshall to the Supreme Court (and other Federalists judges) where he will spend the 35 years promoting the Federalist agenda of expanding government and the power of the Supreme Court
Marbury v. Madison – the Supreme Court case that set the precedent of judicial review – the Supreme Court’s ability to determine if a law is Constitutional
Incumbent – the existing holder of a political office
Running Mate – a person running for election in a subordinate position to another candidate
Realigning Election – an election in which there is a sharp change in issues and a new political party becomes dominant for a long period of time (over 20 years)