formatted rumaki kap

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KNOWLEDGE, ATTITUDES AND PERCEPTIONS ON RUMAKI

A Repeat Survey

By Simeon Mesaki and Justin Bamanyisa

Submitted to WWF-TPO

December 2011

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

3.APPROAC AND METODOLOG!......................................................................................"#

3.1 Survey Instruments and Data Collection.........................................................................16

3.2 Field Work....................................................................................................................... 16

4.1 Understanding and erce!tions o" t#e $nvironment% &atural 'esources and (iodiversity

.............................................................................................................................................. 1)

4.2 $nvironmental Im!act Caused (y *uman +ctions..........................................................24

4.3 +vaila,ility o" "is# over time............................................................................................2)

4.4 -t#er Sea Creatures........................................................................................................2

4./ Conservation...................................................................................................................30

4.6 earning +,out t#e $nvironment...................................................................................32

4.) (eac# anagement Units (Us5...................................................................................3/

4. 'U+I% 'egulations% anagement 7 (ene"its to t#e Community.................................3)

$.CONCLUSIONS..........................................................................................................................%"

#.RECOMMENDATIONS.............................................................................................................%3

Re&ere'(e)........................................................................................................................................ %$

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LIST OF TABLES

Ta*+e " a-.Nu*er /& Re)p/'0e't) per 12++ae 2' t4e 566# Survey.........................................."%

Ta*+e " *-.Nu*er /& Re)p/'0e't) per 12++ae 2' t4e 566# Survey.........................................."%

Ta*+e 57 D2)tr2*ut2/' /& I'terv2e8ee) A((/r02' t/ 12++ae9Su*:v2++ae a'0 O((upat2/')......."%

Ta*+e 37 D2)tr2*ut2/' /& I'terv2e8ee) A((/r02' t/ Cate/r2e) 2' t4e 566# Survey.................."$

Ta*+e %7 Type) /& ar2'e 'atura+ re)/ur(e).................................................................................";

Ta*+e $7 566# )urvey re)p/')e) /' type) /& ar2'e 'atura+ re)/ur(e) ......................................"72:) a ood tent, im5roement@ a&so t,ose ',o did not kno' t,e

)2'2&2(a'(e /& (/ra+)to #is, dro55ed #rom 2!78: to 127;:7 Perce5tions o# t,e sini#icance o#

manroes to #is, rose #rom ;72: in 200) >27: in 2011) ',i&e t,ose ',o did not see any

re&ations,i5 #e&& #rom 327>: to 1!70:7 Oera&&) com5ared to t,e 200 surey) t,ese is a 5ositie

c,ane in understandin t,e im5ortant ro&e cora&s) manroes) and sea 5&ants ,ae to #is,) as

,abitat) source o# #ood) breedin re5roduction4) ,idin7

Repr/0u(t2/' /& F2)4On t,e repr/0u(t2/' /& &2)4aain 'e note an im5roement #rom !172: in 200 to !;7: by

2011@ t,ere 'as a s&i,t dro5 in t,ose ',o attribute t,e comin o# #is, 'it, rainsC #rom 372: to

27!:) t,e idea t,at #is, 'ere brou,t by od #e&& #rom 27>: to 171:) iin birt,C stood at

1>70: as o55osed to 1>7: in 2007 t is a&so note'ort,y t,at t,e cateory o# don?t kno' #e&&

#rom 270: to 1!70:7

Du/')

n 200 about a tent, 1373:4 ,ad said it 'as a mamma& and by 2011 t,is ,ad risen to 2078:) sti&&

t,ere 'as no im5roement on t,e idea t,at duon is a #is, because in 200) oer t'o t,irds

;07;:4 ,ad said so) t,is dro55in by on&y 07!: to ;072 : in 20117 On ',at duons ate ,in 200

a 6uarter 27:4 ,ad said correct&y t,at t,ey #ed on searass or71:4) indeed a&most a&& t,e res5ondents ,ad on&y ,eard about t,e creature and

neer seen it) &et a&one eatin its meat7 On t,e sentimenta& a&ue attac,ed to t,e mamma&) t,e

resu&ts o# 2011 s,o' t,at #or near&y a ,a ;70:4) t,e scarcity o# t,e duon 'as an im5ortant

issue t,at touc,ed t,eir ,earts and #or a #i#t, 207:4 it 'as an im5ortant issue 5ersona&&y7 For

t,ose ',o attac,ed a&ue to t,e creature in 2011) its im5ortance &ay in t,e #o&&o'in as5ectsE

,eritae-#uture enerations) 5romotion o# tourism) de&icacy meat and biodiersity7

Turt+e)

T,e #indins s,o' a dro5 in t,e cateory o# Don?t kno'C #rom oer t'o-t,irds ;73:4 to &ess

t,an a ,a ;70:4 o# kno'&ede about ,o' turt&es breedin7 On t,e correct a'areness o# t,e #act

t,at on&y one ,atc,&in out o# 100-5&us 'ou&d make it to maturity) in 2011) 3: ae t,e correct

ans'er ',ereas in 200 it 'as 27;:7

E'v2r/'e'ta+ Ipa(t Cau)e0 *y ua' A(t2/')

+nironmenta& im5act caused by ,uman actions 'as an area 'e&& coered in t,e t'o sureys7 (s

'as t,e case in 200) dynamite #is,in 'as ranked as bein t,e most bane#u& actiity 'it, t,e

reatest neatie im5act causin t,e ,eaiest conse6uences on t,e aai&abi&ity o# #is,7 T,en it 'as

mentioned by !872: o# t,e res5ondents7 n 2011) a&most t,ree-6uarters ;37>:4 5ointed an

accuisn to dynamite #is,in7 n t,e 5reious surey t,is 'as #o&&o'ed by sma&& mes, sie

#is,nets) number o# #is,ers in an area and #re6uent #is,in on t,e same area7 T,is time)

uncontro&&ed ,arest o# manroes 'as mentioned by a tent, 1072:4 o# res5ondents ',i&e t,e

6uestion o# od?s 'i&& ,ad dec&ined #rom 171: in 200 to 27!: and a ne' #actor) o# tra'&ers

mentioned by 270:7

F2)4 Ava2+a*2+2ty

(&toet,er t,ere 'as a noted decrease #rom &itt&e or reat4 mentioned by t,ree-6uarters ;71:4

o# res5ondents in t,e 2011 study) ',i&e a tent, 1078:4 did not 5erceie any c,ane) and 871:

,ad noted some increase7 (not,er 'ay o# 2pr/v2' t4e ava2+a*2+2tyo# #is, is t,e ado5tion o#

sustainab&e #is,in ears7 T,is 6uestion #eatured in t,e 200 study as 'e&& as in 20117 n 200

sustainab&e #is,in ears 'ereE Ms,i5i) Madema) Jari#e) Daaa nets and 'ando7 n t,e 2011

study) Ms,i5i &ines4 to55ed t,e &ist 'it, c&ose to t'o-t,irds !871:4 o# t,e res5onses #o&&o'ed by

Jari#e 17>:4) Madema 3!7>:4) and ordinary nets o# 27!C2>78:47 ( sur5rise mention 'as t,at

o# "in-net) t,ou, by on&y a sma&& 5ercentae 27!:47

De(+2'e /& F2)4 Spe(2e)T,e s5ecies o# #is,es t,at ,ad dec&ined 'as e=5ressed by t,e mentionin o# #i#ty-#ie !!4 o# t,em

ranin #rom mbui ba,ari to 5ra'ns) #rom kisabuni to sa&ama'ai) ',i&e a tent, 107:4 did not

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sense any dec&ine@ 5a5a) ko&eko&e) ibua) c,anu) tasi) c,e'a) and nuru 'ere mentioned in t,at

order7 n t,e 200 study) t'enty one 214 ty5es o# #is, and creatures 'ere mentioned inc&udin

em5eror #is,) s,ark) 5om5ano) mackere& and rabbit #is,@ duon) 5ra'ns) turt&es) sea cucumber

and octo5us7

Ot4er Sea Creature)

T,e 2011 surey 5robed into t,e aai&abi&ity o# octo5us) sea cucumber and 5ra'ns in t,e 5reious

#ie years7 T,e #indins indicate t,at t,e aai&abi&ity o# t,e /(t/pu), com5ared to t,e 5recedin#ie years) ,ad decreased accordin to a&most t'o-t,irds 378:4 o# t,e res5ondents7 On&y 7:

t,ou,t t,ey ,ad increased) ',i&e 87: ,ad not noticed any c,ane7 Wit, reard to sea

cucumbers, a&most ,a >70:4 o# t,e res5ondents) said t,ey ,ad dec&ined com5ared to t,e

5reious #ie years) ',i&e a #i#t, 217:4 'ere not a'are o# t,e #act7 (&so) oer t'o-t,irds

71:4 o# t,e res5ondents 'ere o# t,e o5inion t,at t,ere ,ad been a decrease in t,e aai&abi&ity

o# )a++ pra8')com5ared to t,e 5recedin #ie years7 On&y >7>: t,ou,t t,ere ,ad been an

increase@ 17;: ,ad not noticed any c,ane7 (s 'as t,e case in 200) t,e reasons adanced areE

t,e e=5ansion o# trade in 5ra'ns) octo5us) sea cucumber and s,e&&s@ destruction o# breedin

rounds) es5ecia&&y cora&s@ oer-#is,in 5articu&ar&y o# #is, and 5ra'ns@ t,riin e=terna& markets

o# sea cucumber &eadin to t,e co&&ection o# een $ueni&e ones@ tra'&er #is,in by e=terna& #is,ers

and 5oerty7

C/')ervat2/'

Oer t'o-t,irds 878:4 'ere a'are o# t,at Gonin as essentia& in conseration o# marine and

coasta& resources ',i&e oer a 6uarter 2873:4 'ere not a'are o# suc, arranements7 On t,e

bene#its t,at 'ou&d accrue #rom suc, a measure) oer ,a !;:4 t,ou,t it 'ou&d reat&y

en,ance t,e abundance o# #is, as t,ey 'ou&d breed undisturbed7 Oer ,a !878:4 'ere a'are o#

natura& resources conseration actiities in t,eir i&&aes) ',ic, consisted o# co&&aboratie

conseration) settin u5 Beac, Manaement .nits BM.s4) conserin manroes) 5rotectin

cora&s and combatin i&&ea& #is,in7 t is to be noted t,at oer t,ree-6uarters ;7;:4 o# t,e

res5ondents 'ere not enaed in any o# t,e conseration actiities takin 5&ace in t,eir i&&aes7

On t,e 6uestion ',ic, in6uired ',et,er t,e res5ondent in 6uestion neatie&y im5acted on t,e

enironment) oer a tent, 17:4 'ere #rank enou, to admit t,at t,ey did) ',i&e t,ree-6uarters

;87!:4 dec&ined7

I'&/rat2/'9Lear'2' a*/ut t4e e'v2r/'e't

T,e radio 'as t,e most e##ectie medium o# &earnin about t,e enironment #or ',ic, as muc, as

t'o-t,irds 1:4 o# t,e 2011 res5ondents ained kno'&ede #rom t,is medium t,ou,

enironment7:4

o# t,e res5ondents) #o&&o'ed by &ea&:4

said t,ey 'ere una'are7 On understandabi&ity o# t,e strateies) t,e res5onses s,o' t,at about a

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t,ird 287:4 said t,ey 'ere understandab&e) ',i&e oer t'o-t,irds 73:4 'ere not a'are o# t,e

strateies7 oera&& about a t,ird 3071:4 t,ou,t t,ey strateies 'ere acce5tab&e ',i&e a 6uarter

27>:4 deemed t,em not acce5tab&e7 On ',et,er t,e strateies ,ae been bene#icia& to

#is,ermen and im5roed 5ros5ects o# #is, aai&abi&ity in t,e #uture) a t,ird 37;:4 'ere

a##irmatie but it is to be noted t,at oer a ,a !37>:4 said t,ey did not kno'7C

T4e RUMAKI )ea)(ape pr/rae

n t,e 200 study about a #i#t, 1>73:4 o# t,e res5ondents ,ad ,eard about t,e ".M(%seasca5e 5roramme7 n t,e 2011) t'o-t,irds ;73:4 ,ad ,eard about it and ',ereas oer a ,a

!372:4 didn?t kno' its ob$ecties a&most a 6uarter 227>4 kne' it 'as on conseration o# t,e

enironment@ a&most a #i#t, 1>7:4 understood it to aimin at im5roin community H5eo5&esI

&ies7 *oncernin t,e e=tent ".M(% ,ad bene#ited i&&ae communities) oer a t,ird 3>73:4)

indicated 5ositie&y bene#itin) ',i&e oer ,a !370:4 did not see any bene#its7 Oera&&

".M(% ,as been commended #or t,e #ormation and o5eration o# /i&&ae *ommunity Banks

/*OB(4 as one o# t,e most bene#icia& o# its interentions7 (&most a ,a ;7;:4 said it 'as

ood and s,ou&d continue t,ou, a t,ird 37;:4 ,ad not understood it 'e&& yet7 On its continuity

#or anot,er ! years and t,e 5riorities to be tack&ed) 10 areas 'ere &isted 'it, /*OB( bein t,e

#irst #o&&o'ed by i4 reater 5artici5ation o# i&&aers) ii4 better #is,in ears) iii4 im5artin

entre5reneuria& ski&&s) i4 ino&in more i&&aes) and 4 stress on conseration7

Ma'a2' Natura+ re)/ur(e)

Oer t'o-t,irds ;172:4 e=5ressed eaerness to be ino&ed in manain natura& resources o# t,e

coast7 On t,e ot,er ,and) a 6uarter 2!7:4 did not 'ant to be ino&ed at a&&7 T'o-t,irds 7>:4

'ou&d &ike to be ino&ed in issuin o# 5ermits #or outside #is,ermen and anot,er t'o-t,irds

>71:4 'ou&d &ike to be ino&ed in 5atro&s aainst i&&ea& #is,in) 371: 'ant to be ino&ed in

co&&etin #is,in statistics7

Part2(2pat2/'

T,e res5ondents? satis#action 'it, t,eir 5artici5ation in runnin and manain #is,ery resources

is diided7 W,ereas oer t'o t,irds 27>:4 are inariab&y sca&e o# some,o' to ery muc,C4

satis#ied) c&ose to a ,a ;7:4 a&so e=5ressed aried &ee&s o# satis#action some,o'7: to !7>:

and t,ose ',o did not kno' t,eir sini#icance dro55ed #rom 2!78: to 127;:7

37 "es5ondents rea&isin t,e im5ortance o# manroes to #is, rose #rom ;72: to

>27:) ',ereas t,ose ',o did not see t,e re&ations,i5 #e&& #rom 327>: to 1!70:7

7 *om5ared to t,e 200 surey) a 5ositie c,ane in understandin t,e oera&&im5ortant ro&e o# cora&s) manroes) and sea 5&ants ,ae to #is,7

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!7 On #is, re5roduction aain t,ere is an im5roement o# 72: #rom !172: o# 2007

(not,er notab&e c,ane 'as t,at t,e 5ercentae o# t,ose ',o don?t kno'C about

#is, re5roduction dro55ed #rom 270: to 178:7

7 T,e a&&usion to od?s endo'ment ,ad decreased #rom 73: in 200 to 27>: in

20117

;7 "eardin duons) in 200) a tent, 117>:4 did not kno' ',at t,ey 'ere) by

2011 t,is ,ad dro55ed to >72: and ',i&e in 200) ;07;: ,ad said it 'as a ty5e o#

#is,) in 2011 t,ere 'as a decrease o# 07!: ',i&e t,e 1373: t,inkin it to be a

mamma& ,ad a&most doub&ed to 2078:7

>7 n 200 on&y a 6uarter 27:4 o# t,e res5ondents 'ere ab&e to say correct&y t,at

duons ate searass or73:4 o# t,e res5ondents in t,e t,ree districts

,ad ,eard about t,e ".M(% seasca5e 5roramme but about t,ree 6uarters

;173:4 'ere not a'are o# its oa&s@ by 2011 oer t'o-t,irds ;73:4 ,ad

,eard about ".M(%7

2 T,e 2011 study #indins reea&ed t,at not on&y did oer a t,ird o# res5ondentsname t,e t,ree im5ortant ".M(% actiities but a&so sini#icant 5ercentaes

mentioned many ot,ers7

3 Furt,er ana&ysis s,o's t,at a&most a 6uarter 227>:4 said its ob$ectie 'as to

consere t,e sea enironment and about a #i#t, 1>7:4 said it aimed at

im5roin community H5eo5&esI &ies7

(&most a ,a ;7;:4 said ".M(% 'ere 5ositie about t,e continuity o#

t,e ".M(% seasca5e 5roramme

3. Ipa(t /& RUMAKI) a8are'e)), (/u'2(at2/') a'0 e0u(at2/' a(t2v2t2e)

ere t,e #indins are mi=ed7

17 District counci& o##icia&s 'ere e=5ected to be t,e source o# in#ormation on t,eenironment) but a&most a ,a >72:4 did not &earn anyt,in #rom suc, o##icia&s)

instead 17;: &earnt t,rou, seminars


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7 (bout a #i#t, 187!:4 'ere ab&e to &earn by re#errin to arious &eis&ations and

5o&icies on t,e enironment

;7 /ideos 'ere 'atc,ed by oer ,a !87:4 but since t,e #aourite 5rorammes

'atc,ed 'ere s5orts) music and comedy Ma&iasi&i-natura& resources bein

'atc,ed by on&y about a tent, 87:4 t,ey cannot be said to be amenab&e to

raisin a'areness on enironment and natura& resources

>7 ( #i#t, 217!:4 'ere ab&e to bene#it #rom raedin 9ationa& ne'sa5a5ers t,ou,

t'o-t,irds 71:4 said t,ey read ne's5a5ers


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". BACKGROUND

T,e WWF- Tanania *ountry O##ice WWF T*O4) in 5artners,i5 'it, district aut,orities

in "u#i$i) Ma#ia and %i&'a@ Ma#ia s&and Marine Park and coasta& communities) are

committed to #aci&itate t,e dee&o5ment o# coasta& &ie&i,oods t,rou, t,e sustainab&e

manaement o# marine and coasta& resources in t,e t,ree districts by im5&ementin t,e

"u#i$i-Ma#ia-%i&'a ".M(%4 Seasca5e 5roramme since 2007 T,e ".M(%Seasca5e 5roramme aims at) m5roed socio-economic 'e&&-bein o# coasta& "u#i$i-

Ma#ia-%i&'a communities t,rou, sustainab&e) 5artici5atory and e6uitab&e uti&isation and

5rotection o# t,eir marine and coasta& resources7C (s t,e 5roramme comes to t,e end o#

P,ase 200!-20114 o# its im5&ementation) a re5eat kno'&ede) attitudes and 5ractices

%(P surey in re5resentatie coasta& communities 'as deemed necessary and WWF-

T*O7 T,is e=ercise 'as conducted durin t,e &ast 'eek o# 9oember 2011 and t,e

second 'eek o# December 2011) by Dr7 Simeon Mesaki and Mr7 Justin Bamanyisa) ',o

,ad done t,e oriina& base&ine study si= years 5reious&y see *onsu&tancy "e5ort #or

WWF-TPOE%(P Surey in Ma#ia) %i&'a and "u#i$i DistrictsC by S7 Mesaki and J7

Bamanyisa ) Fina& Dra#t June 2004 i7e7 bet'een 28t, 9oember) 200! and 1t, January)

200 in 1! i&&aes o# t,e t,ree districts as s,o'n in Tab&es 1 a4 and b4 be&o'E

Ta*+e " a-.Nu*er /& Re)p/'0e't) per 12++ae 2' t4e 566# Survey

D2)tr2(t Nu*er /& Re)p/'0e't) Per(e't

Ma#ia 337>

"u#i$i 21 3270

%i&'a !0 372

T/ta+ "3"$ "66

Ta*+e " *-.Nu*er /& Re)p/'0e't) per 12++ae 2' t4e 566# Survey

12++ae) Nu*er /&re)p/'0e't)

Per(e't

Mc,unu > !72

%iomboni 10> >72

Msa&a >3 73

Mbuc,i >2 72

Pomb'e >0 71

%iin$e moneni4 ! 71

%isi'ani > 7!

Mtuk'ao > 37>

Somana-ndumbo ;1 !7Ma&a&ani ;> !78

Sonosono 113 >7

Bondeni 1>2 137>

B'eni 122 873

*,unuruma ;! !7;

Ban$a ! 78

131! 100

Tab&e 2 s,o's t,e i&&aes and number o# res5ondents in t,e 2011 sureyE

Ta*+e 57 D2)tr2*ut2/' /& I'terv2e8ee) A((/r02' t/ 12++ae9Su*:v2++ae a'0 O((upat2/')

Ma2' O((upat2/'

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12++aae

O+09

ret2re0 F2)4er Farer

Sa+ar2e0

ep+/ye

e

U'ep+

/ye0

y/u'

a'

Re+22/u

) +ea0er

S(4//+

tea(4er Stu0e't

Bu)2'e))

e'

T/ta+

%i&indoni ";3

B'eni ; >1 8 ; 3 1 2 13 1 "5%

Ban$a 0 1 32 3 2 1 2 ; > ;"*,unuru

ma1 20 1 3 1 0 1 > $5

%iin$e 2 2; 13 13 1 0 1 10 1 ;$

Mbuc,i 3 11 ! 2 1 2 1 ! :7 Tab&e 3 ies t,e detai&s7

Ta*+e 37 D2)tr2*ut2/' /& I'terv2e8ee) A((/r02' t/ Cate/r2e) 2' t4e 566# Survey

Cate/r2e) Fre>ue'(y Per(e't

Fis,in 33 3278

Farmin 2 327

Sma&& business 233 1;7;

+m5&oyees 103 ;7>

Students 120 871

T/ta+ "3"$ "66

"eardin t,e se= com5osition o# t,e interie'ees) ma&es #ormed a&most t,ree-6uarters

;17:4 and #ema&es $ust oer a 6uarter 2>7:47 T,is com5ares 'it, t,e !7: ma&es

and 37: #ema&es in t,e 200 surey7 Wit, reard to marita& status) a&most t'ot,irds

270:4 'ere married) ',i&e near&y a t,ird 307:4 'ere sin&e@ diorces: and 278:) res5ectie&y) ',i&e 'ido',ood 'as 270:7

+ducationa& &ee&s 'ere suc, t,at $ust oer ,a !27!:4 o# t,e res5ondents ,ad second

&ee& o# 5rimary education) t,at is standards !-;) 17: ,ad com5&eted &o'er &ee&

5rimary education standard 1-47 (bout a tent, 178:4 ,ad ,ad no #orma&78: and ,i,er education 'as een &o'er

,ain been attained by on&y 5ersons 07!:4 o# t,e sam5&e7 Ot,er trainin 'as o##ered

to a disma& 170: o# t,e res5ondents7 (s e=5ected) t,e oer',e&min ma$ority o# t,e

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sam5&e 87;:4 'ere Mus&ims ',i&e on&y 372: 'ere *,ristians and on&y one 5erson

c&aimed to be&on to anot,er #orm o# re&iion7

5. OBECTI1ES

T,ere are #our main ob$ecties o# t,e assinment ',ic, areE

i7 denti#y re&eant a5s in community a'areness and understandin t,at 'i&& constitute

t,e 5riority areas #or #uture ".M(%?s ('areness) *ommunications and +ducation

(*+4 Strateies@

7 Measure t,e im5act o# ".M(%?s a'areness) communications and education

actiities com5ared to t,e base&ine situation in 200@

i7 +a&uate t,e im5act o# t,e Ma#ia s&and Marine Park a'areness and education

5roramme since year 200@ and

ii7 Find out kno'&ede) attitudes and 5erce5tions c,anes about ob$ecties o# ".M(%

5roramme@ sini#icant bene#it #rom marine A coasta& resources manaement

initiaties o# ".M(% 5ro$ect@ conce5ts and #acts under&yin sustainab&e

manaement o# marine and coasta& resources@ #is,eries &eis&ations) reu&ations and

manaement 5&ans and t,eir im5acts oertime com5ared to t,e situation be#ore

commencement o# ".M(% 5roramme7

3. APPROAC AND METODOLOG!

T,e ob$ectie o# t,e consu&tancy 'as to 5&an and im5&ement a re5eat %(P study in

re5resentatie coasta& communities 'it,in t,e "u#i$-Ma#ia-%i&'a seasca5e) in c&ose

co&&aboration 'it, t,e WWF ".M(% team) ',ic, inc&uded t,e *ommunications)

('areness A Trainin *oordinator at WWF ,ead o##ice in Dar es Sa&aam and t,e Pro$ect

+=ecutants in "u#i$i) Ma#ia and %i&'a7 n 5ractice) because t,e e=ecution o# t,e

assinment coincided 'it, t,ree main eents) name&y ".M(% (disory rou5

Meetin) ".M(% P&annin meetin and *&imate *,ane Works,o5 t,e ".M(% team

cou&d not 5artici5ate as 5&anned7T,e Princi5a& *onsu&tant and t,e *onsu&tant oranied and conducted #ie&d sureys

',ic, entai&ed t,e administration o# a surey 6uestionnaire to 1)220 res5ondents in t,e

t,ree districts ',ere t,e 5roramme ,as been im5&emented #or t,e 5ast #ie years7

3." Survey I')true't) a'0 Data C/++e(t2/'

T,e Princi5a& *onsu&tant and t,e *onsu&tant assisted in re#inin t,e surey 6uestionnaire

a co5y o# ',ic, is attac,ed in (55endi= ) ensurin its com5re,ensieness and coerae

as re6uired@ dee&o5in a re5resentatie sam5&in desin) identi#ication and trainin o#

#ie&d enumerators) inc&udin a 5re-test o# t,e 6uestionnaire7

3.5 F2e+0 W/r( tota& o# 30 enumeratorsi) 1! #or Ma#ia district and 1! #or %i&'a and "u#i$i districts)

'ere trained in administerin t,e surey and carried out t,e #ace-to-#ace interie's on

e&ders) #is,ers) #armers) sa&aried em5&oyees


17/50

T,e 6uestionnaire data 'as entered into Statistica& Packae #or Socia& Sciences SPSS4

so#t'are a#ter codin t,e o5en-ended res5onses by 1! trained data c&erks7 T,en t,e

consu&tant did data c&eanin and ana&ysis to enerate descri5tie statistics main&y

#re6uencies and cross tabu&ations7 T,e #re6uencies are attac,ed as a55endi= 7

71 U'0er)ta'02' a'0 Per(ept2/') /& t4e E'v2r/'e't, Natura+ Re)/ur(e) a'0 B2/02ver)2ty

(s 'as in t,e 200 surey) t,e deree o# community kno'&ede o# natura& ,istory 'as

measured by re6uestin t,e res5ondents to mention at &east seen ty5es o# marine

resources t,ey kne'7 (s s,o'n in Tab&es and !) seen marine resources t,at 'ere most

mentioned are #is,) manroes) cora&s) crabs) octo5us) turt&es and sea rass7 Wit, t,e

e=ce5tion o# #is, t,ere 'as a sini#icant increase in 5ercentae o# t,e res5onses 'it,

reard to ot,er resources com5ared to t,e 200 surey7 nterestin is t,e increase o#

ty5es o# resources mentioned com5ared to t,e 200 surey7 T,is denotes a 5ositie

c,ane on kno'&ede o# marine natura& resources7

Ta*+e %7 Type) /& ar2'e 'atura+ re)/ur(e)

Re)p/')e) Fre>ue'(2e) Per(e'tDonKt kno' 12; 107

Fis, 103; >!72

Sea 'eed 283 270

*ora&s 0 372

Manroes !0 !373

.du#i ! 7

Dondo 8; >70

%aa 23 217

%amba 381 3271

Makome 13 1170

Mac,ea 11 117Maku&u&u 1; 17

Ma$onoo 22 217!

Octo5us 32 3!7!

%asa 321 27

Miti aina ya Mi5ira 11 078

*,umi 23 178

i5o5otamus 21 17;

Tortoise 07!

Monkey 2 072

Daaa %amba 1 37Duon 12 1373

Pa5a ; 72

Ma'e ya ka'aida 12 170

Mba&ata ; 07

%ane 1 071

*rocodi&e 1! 172

%umbasi 13 171

9isi 1> 137>

%ome 13 171

(mbari 1> 17!

Pomboo 32 27

/uk'e 3; 370

1;


18/50

/ikono 1; 17

M$eta 07!

.umba 3 072

%ombe 31 27!

Ma5ana 10 07>

Matarambe ! 07

Pot'e 28 27Ma5ambo 3 072

Miin$e ba,ari 1; 17

9amba 28 27

Ta*+e $7 566# )urvey re)p/')e) /' type) /& ar2'e 'atura+ re)/ur(e)

Type /& re)/ur(e Re)p/')e) Per(e't

Fis, 113 >>73

*ora& matumba'e4 3378

%asa turt&e4 2>> 217>8P'ea octo5us4 1! 317!

Ma$onoo 31> 271;

9ua 1!0 117

Mikoko 07>8

Makome 21! 173

*,aa 12! 87!

%amba 3> 33728

9isi 11 >7;

Madondo 11! >7;Fuk'e Beac,4 12 0781

Lu&u 5ear&s4 13 0788

M'ani searass4 233 1;7;1

Mc,ana Sand4 13 0788

%aa crabs4 221 17>

Ma5ana 1> 173;

Ot,er 12 0781

Don?t kno' 3 27;

T,ere 'as a sini#icant c,ane on t,e res5onses o# ',at are cora&s com5ared to 200 surey res5onses as

de5icted in Tab&es and ;E

Ta*+e #7 W4at are C/ra+)=

Re)p/')e Fre>ue'(y Per(e't

DonKt kno' 180 1!7

Dead Stones 2!8 2172

&ie stones 83 !7>

(nima&s 1; 17P&ants 21 17;

Ot,er t,in 0 373

1>


19/50

T/ta+ "556 "66.6

Ta*+e ;7 T4e re)p/')e) t/ t4e )ae >ue)t2/' 2' 566# 8ere a) &/++/8)7

"es5onse Fre6uency Percent

Dead stones 31 2;7!

Liin stones !0> 3>7

(nima&s ! 07P&ants 13 170

Ot,er t,in 221 17>

DonKt kno' 20; 1!7;

Tota& 131! 10070

%."." Ip/rta'(e /& var2/u) 4a*2tat) t/ &2)4

T,e study sou,t to estab&is, res5ondents? kno'&ede on t,e im5ortance o# certain

,abitats suc, as cora&s) manroes) searasses etc7 to #is,7 T,e #indins s,o' t,at 5eo5&e

,ae a ,i, understandin o# t,e im5ortance o# t,ese ecosystems and t,eir re&ations,i5 to#is,7 *om5ared to 200 ',en ;71: o# res5ondents said t,ere 'as a re&ations,i5 bet'een

#is, and cora&s) t,ere ,as been an im5roement o# 1071 : ackno'&edin t,e im5ortance

o# cora&s to #is,@ but t,ose ',o did not kno' t,e sini#icance o# cora&s to #is, dro55ed

#rom 2!78: to 127;:7Tab&es > a4 and b4 s,o' t,e detai&s7

Ta*+e < a-7 I) t4ere a'y )2'2&2(a'(e /& (/ra+) t/ &2)4=

Re)p/')e) Fre>ue'(y Per(e't

DonKt kno' 3> 371

es 102; >72

9o 1!! 127;

Tota& 1220 10070

Ta*+e < *-7 I) t4ere a'y )2'2&2(a'(e /& (/ra+) t/ &2)4= 566# )urvey re)p/')e)-


!e) 8; ;71

N/ 31 2!78

Tab&es 8 a4 and b4 s,o' t,at t,e 5ercent o# res5ondents rea&isin t,e im5ortance o#

manroes to #is, rose #rom ;72: to >27:) ',ereas t,ose ',o did not see t,e

re&ations,i5 #e&& #rom 327>: to 1!70:7

Ta*+e ? a- I) t4ere a'y )2'2&2(a'(e /& a'r/ve) t/ &2)4=

Fre6uency Percent

DonKt kno' 2! 270

es 100> >27

9o 1>3 1!70

9ot ans'ered 073

Tota& 1220 10070

Ta*+e ? *- A'y )2'2&2(a'(e /& a'r/ve) t/ &2)4= 566# )urvey re)p/')e)-

18


20/50

es or 9o Fre6uency Percent

es >> ;72

9o 31 327>

Oer t,ree-6uarters >72:4 said cora&s 'ere crucia& to t,e suria& o# #is, in terms o#

,abitation) ,idin) #ood and breedin4 and on&y 127;: did not see suc, sini#icance7 n

t,e same ein) t,e sini#icance o# manroes to #is, 'as ascertained by a reat number

>27!:4 o# t,e res5ondents and aain t,e sini#icance 'as 'it, reard to breedin)

source o# #ood) ,idin and ,abitat) but 1!71: did not rea&ie t,e sini#icance7 (not,er

6uestion ,ad in6uired about ot,er ty5es o# eetation>7>: o#t,e res5ondents) #or #eedin7 t is to be noted t,at in t,e 200 study) bet'een t'o-t,irds

and c&ose to t,ree-6uarters o# t,e res5ondents ,ad rea&ised t,e re&ations,i5 bet'een #is,

and cora&s) manroes) sea rasses as ,abitats) ,idin 5&aces) sources #ood and breedin

5&aces7

*om5ared to t,e 200 surey) tab&es 10 N12 s,o' a 5ositie c,ane in understandin t,e

im5ortant ro&e cora&s) manroes) and sea 5&ants ,ae to #is,7

Ta*+e "6 a-7 T4e re+at2/')42p *et8ee' (/ra+) a'0 &2)4 a) per 56"" )urvey-

Re)p/')e) Fre>ue'(2e) Per(e't /& Ca)e)

DonKt kno' 208 207!:abitat 2; 17!:

idin 5&aces 3! 3!7>:

Source o# #ood 2>> 2>73:

Breedin 5&aces !0 72:

Ot,er 3 073:

Ta*+e "6 *-7 Ip/rta'(e /& (/ra+) t/ &2)4 a) per 566# )urvey

Ip/rta'(e Fre>ue'(y Per(e't

abitat !8> 37>idin 5&aces 310 1>70

Source o# #ood 1!> 872

"e5roduction 5&aces 2;1 1!7>

Ot,er 073

Don?t kno' 3 271

9( 30 187>

*ora&s 'ere considered to be ,abitats 37>:4) ,idin 5&aces 1>70:4) source #ood 8:4

and breedin 5&aces 1!7>:47

Furt,er ana&ysis s,o'ed ae t,e #o&&o'in 5icture in terms o# socia& rou5s? 5erce5tionson sini#icance o# cora&s to #is, as s,o'n tab&e 10c47

20


21/50

Ta*+e "6 (-7 2) t4ere a'y )2'2&2(a'(e /& (/ra+) t/ &2)4=

O((upat2/' Cate/ry Re)p/')e)

T/ta+D/'Ht

'/8 !e) N/

O&d 8 1! ""6

T/ta+ 3< "65; "$$ "556

Ta*+e "" a-7 T4e )2'2&2(a'(e /& a'r/ve) t/ &2)4

Re)p/')e) Fre>ue'(2e) Per(e'tae) /&(a)e)

DonKt kno' 2; 2;7:

abitat 30 372:

idin 5&aces 381 3873:

Source o# #ood >3 >7:

Breedin 5&aces 2!0 2!72:

Ot,er 2 27:

Tota& 1;2 1;;730:

Ta*+e "" *-7 Ip/rta'(e /& a'r/ve) t/ &2)4 566# Survey Re)p/')e)-

Ip/rta'(e Fre>ue'(y

abitat 2; 173:

idin 5&aces 2 171:

Source o# #ood ; 2870:

"e5roduction 5&aces 1! 1071:

DonKt kno' 3 272:

9( 30 273:

Ta*+e "5 a-7 S2'2&2(a'(e /& )ea p+a't) t/ &2)4

Re)p/')e) Fre>ue'(2e) Per(e'tDonKt kno' 23> 2272:

abitat 302 2>72:

idin 5&aces 2 27:

Source o# #ood >!0 ;873:

Breedin 5&aces 1>! 1;73:

Ot,er 1 17!:

DonKt kno' 2 072:

1>!; 1;373:

21


22/50

Ta*+e "5 *-7 I) t4ere a'y )2'2&2(a'(e /& )ea8ee0 t/ &2)4=


DonKt kno' !8 7>

es 10>3 >>7>

9o ;> 7

Tota& 1220 10070

%.".5 Repr/0u(t2/' /& F2)4

(n im5ortant as5ect ',ic, 'as a&so inestiated in t,e 5reious %(P study o# 200 'as on ,o' #is,

re5roduced7 n 2011 t,e ans'ers 'ere as #o&&o'sE

Ta*+e "3 a-7 /8 0/ /)t &2)4 repr/0u(e=


DonKt kno' 1>3 1!70

*ome 'it, rains 38 372

Brou,t by od 3 27>

Lay es ;00 !;7ie birt, 220 1>70

/omit 18 17

Ot,er 'ay 1! 172

9ot ans'ered 10 07>

T/ta+ "556 "66.6

Ta*+e "3 *- /8 0/ &2)4 repr/0u(e a) per 566# Survey Re)p/')e)

Re)p/')e Fre>ue'(y Per(e't

*ome 'it, rains 33 27!

Brou,t by od 1 171

Lay es ;3 !172

ie birt, 22 1>7

/omit 13 170

Ot,er 'ay 2! 178

DonKt kno' 31! 270

T/ta+ "3"$ "66

(s s,o'n in tab&es 13 a4 and b4 aboe) in t,e 200 study oer ,a !172:4 o# t,e

res5ondents ,ad said t,at most #is, &aid es@ t,e 2011 study s,o's an increase o# about

72:7 t is interestin to note t,at t,ere is no a55reciab&e c,ane in t,ose ',o said #is,ae birt, 'it, a dro5 o# on&y 07:) i7e7 #rom 1>7: to 1>70:7 Sti&& anot,er sini#icant

c,ane is t,at t,e 5ercentae o# t,ose ',o don?t kno'C dro55ed #rom 270: to 178:7

(ain ',ereas in 200) 2: o# res5ondents be&ieed some #is, 'ere omited) in 2011 t,e

5ercentae ,ad dro55ed to 17:7 T,e a&&usion to od?s endo'ment ,ad decreased #rom

73: in 200 to 27>: in 20117

Tab&e 10 c4 ies a c&earer 5icture on ,o' t,e arious rou5s res5onded to t,e 6uestion

o# #is, re5roduction7 t s,ou&d be noted t,at t,e 2011 data does not ,ae suc, detai&s7

Ta*+e "3 (-7 /8 0/ /)t /& &2)4 repr/0u(e *y /((upat2/'

O((upat2/' /8 0/ /)t /& &2)4 repr/0u(e

D/'Ht

'/8

C/e

82t4

Br/u

4t

Lay

e)

G2ve

*2rt4

1/2t Ot4er

8ay

N/t

a')8e

T/ta+

22


23/50

ra2')

*y

G/0 re0

O&d 12 183 1 2 328

Sa&aried

em5&oyee> 3 !3 11 1 0 1 >1

.nem5&oyed

youn man8 1 1 21 2 1 0 1

"e&iious

&eader1 0 0 8 0 0 1 1!

Sc,oo&

teac,er1 2 0 1 1 0 0 0 1>

Student 2 ; 0 3 12 1 3 1;

Bussness

man2 1 !> 18 1 2 1 110

T/ta+ "72

Fis, >!; ;072

Mamma& 2!! 2078

9ot ans'ered > 07;Tota& 1220 10070

Ta*+e "% *-7 W4at 0/e) 0u/' eat=

"es5onses Fre6uencies Percentae o# cases

DonKt kno' 3!> 2873:

Fis, 3 2>72:

Sea insects 1;; 17!:

Sea rass 182 1!7;:

Sea 'eed m'ani4 323 27!:

Ot,er 13 171:Tota& 10; 11!73:

T,e 200 surey data ,ad t,e #o&&o'in #indins on duonsE

( sini#icant 5ercentae 117>:4 did not kno' ',at duons 'ere@ by 2011 t,is

,ad dro55ed to >72:7

Dierence on ',et,er t,e creature is a mamma& or #is, is t,at ',ereas in 200)

;07;: said it 'as #is, and 1373:) a mamma&@ t,e 2011 s,o'ed a decrease o#

07!: #or duon bein a #is, and an increase to 2078: o# t,e creature bein a

mamma&7

n 200 on&y a 6uarter 27:4 o# t,e res5ondents 'ere ab&e to say correct&y t,at

duons ate searass or


24/50

%.".% Turt+e)

"es5onses 'ere sou,t on t,e ae at ',ic, turt&es started to &ay es7 Tab&es 1! a4 and 1! b4 s,o' t,e

resu&ts on ae and ,o' many ,atc,&ins #rom a nest7

Ta*e "$ a-7 At 84at ae 0/ turt+e) )tart t/ +ay e)=

Fre6uency Percent

DonKt kno' >21 ;73

1 - ! years 18 1272

- 28 years 1!3 127!

30 years 8; >70

Tota& 1220 10070

Ta*+e "$ *-7 /8 a'y turt+e) &r/ /'e 'e)t )urv2ve t/ t4e ae /& +ay2' e)=

Fre6uency Percent

DonKt kno' !; ;700 - 1 3; 370

2 - 10 18 1272

11 - 8 120 87>

!0 - 100 1>1 17>

(&& 1 37

700 11> 87;

Tota& 1220 10070

n t,e 2011 study) oer t'o-t,irds ;73:4 o# res5ondents said t,ey did not kno' t,e ae

turt&es started to &ay es@ and $ust under a ,a did not kno' ,o' many ,atc,&ins 'ou&d

surie to t,e ae o# &ayin es7 T,ese #indins com5ared 'it, t,ose o# 200 s,o'

some im5roement in t,at t,en an oer',e&min section o# t,e res5ondents) 8!78:4 did

not kno' t,e ae at ',ic, sea turt&es started &ayin es7 But t,ere 'as on&y a ery sma&&

im5roement on t,e a'areness o# t,e #act t,at on&y one ,atc,&in out o# 100-5&us 'ou&d

make it to maturity in t,at in 2011) 3: ae t,e correct ans'er ',ereas in 200 it 'as

27;:7

%.5 E'v2r/'e'ta+ Ipa(t Cau)e0 By ua' A(t2/')

9atura& resources in t,e ".M(% Seasca5e) &ike Tanania as a ',o&e) are under constant

5ressure #rom ,uman actiities7 T,e root70:

Destruction o# breedin rounds;;3 37:

Decrease o# #is, !>0 ;7:Manroes de#orestation 32 27:

%i&&in unintended s5ecies 33 3!7!:

2


25/50

*&imatic c,ane 37>:

+nironmenta& destruction 18 171:

T/ta+ 5%%? 566.?

T,e 200 study s,o'ed 5eo5&es? t,orou, understandin o# main ,uman im5acts on

marine resources dynamite #is,in) sma&& mes, nets) 5oison) i&&ea& ,arest o#

manroes and cora&s4 and as in t,e current study dynamite 'as ranked ,i,est #or its

neatie conse6uences7 T,e 2011 study) ,o'eer) 'ent #urt,er in seekin kno'&ede on

t,e e##ects o# t,e t'o most destructie #is,in tec,ni6ues) i7e7 dynamite and sma&& mes,

nets) 'it, res5ect to t,e aai&abi&ity o# #is,7 T,e e=tent o# t,e im5act o# dynamite #is,in

and use o# sma&& nets on #is, aai&abi&ity 'as rated as s,o'n in tab&es 1; a4 and b47

/ery reat >7>:

reat!7>:

some,o' reat17:

Sma&& 078:

DonKt kno'272:

T,e e=tent o# t,e im5act o# usin sma&& nets on #is, aai&abi&ity 'as rearded as seere by

;870: o# t,e res5ondents and on&y 87>: said t,ey did not 5erceie t,eir neatie

im5acts7

Ta*+e "; a- T4e e@te't /& t4e 2pa(t /& 0y'a2te &2)42' /' &2)4 ava2+a*2+2ty


DonKt kno' 2; 272

/ery reat 10!8 >7>

reat ;1 !7>

Some,o' reat 18 17Sma&& 11 078

9o im5act 33 27;

Tota& 1220 10070

Ta*+e "; *-7 T4e e@te't /& t4e 2pa(t /& u)2' )a++ 'et) /' &2)4 ava2+a*2+2ty


DonKt kno' 33 27;

/ery reat !13 270

reat 303 27>

Some,o' reat 1!0 1273

Sma&& 101 >73

9o im5act 120 87>

Tota& 1220 10070

T,e study a&so 'anted to aue t,e e=tent o# t,e im5act o# number o# #is,ers on #is,

aai&abi&ity7 T,e resu&ts s,o' t,at on&y 2!: did not 5erceie im5act on aai&abi&ity o#

#is, #rom t,e number o# #is,ers #is,in in one area7 Ot,er'ise ;37!: 'ere o# t,e o5inion

t,at indeed t,is #actor a##ected t,e aai&abi&ity o# #is, and in #act a ,i, 5ercentae

17:4 t,ou,t it 'as o# reat manitude7

Ta*+e "


26/50


Don8t kno9 24 2.0/ery reat 2;1 2272

reat 23 1872

Some,o' reat 23; 187

Sma&& 1!1 127

9o im5act 2>1 23709 371

Dynamite #is,in 800 ;37>

Sma&& mes, nets !1 72

ods *ommand 31 27!

reat number o# #is,ers 21 17;

Fis,in in one area eery time 2 270

Tra'&ers 2 270

.ncontro&&ed ,arest o# manroes 12 1072

9ot ans'ered ; 07

Tota& 1220 10070

Ta*+e "? *-7 ua' e'v2r/'e'ta+ 2pa(t a) per 566# )urvey re)p/')e)

Cate/ry C/u't Per(e't

DonKt kno' 20 87>

Dynamite ;;8 317>

.se o# sma&& mes, nets ; 1873

Poison #is,in 3; 1!70Takin cora&s 1>; ;7

*uttin manroes 28> 1272

Oer #is,in 10 73

T/ta+ re)p/')e) 5%$" "66.6

Ta*+e "? (-7 T4e e@te't /& t4e 2pa(t /& &2)42' /' t4e )ae area /' &2)4 ava2+a*2+2ty

Fre>ue'(y Per(e't

DonKt kno' ! 7

/ery reat 3> 2>7!

reat 2;3 227Some,o' reat 21; 1;7>

Sma&& 12 117

2


27/50

9o im5act 1>2 178

97 Oer-#is,in in one area 1;7!:4

87 *&imate c,ane777t,e sea is 'arm 7>:4

107 Lack o# onin 071:4

117 Tsunami t,reat 7:4

127 "emoed by odKs 'is, 172:4

137 Marine Park 073:4

17 T,ey are #e' 071:4

1!7 .sae o# HasI bott&e 073:4

17 Soi& de5osition 27!:4

1;7 9(27>:

T,e study 'as interested in t,e s5ecies o# #is,es t,at ,ae dec&ined7 (s a resu&t a tota& o#

#i#ty-#ie !!4 s5ecies 'ere mentioned to ,ae dec&ined) ranin #rom mbui ba,ari to

5ra'ns) #rom kisabuni to sa&ama'ai) ',i&e 107: did not sense any dec&ine7 T,ose

mentioned 'ereE

S,ark 1870:

%o&eko&e 1272:

/ibua 107>:

*,anu 1!7!:

Tasi >71: *,e'a >7!:

2;


28/50

9uru ;72:

Duon >73:

n 200) res5ondents ,ad noted t,e scarcity o# 21 ty5es!70:4 'as aainst t,ese i&&ea& means) ',i&e a tent, 1170:4

sa' no ,arm in t,eir use7 T,e neatie im5acts 'ere &isted as t,e destruction o# cora&s

3373:4 and de5&etion o# youn #is, >7>:47

Ta*+e 567 566# re)u+t) /' )(ar(2ty /& &2)4 0ue t/ /ver &2)42'

Spe(2e) Fre>ue'(y Per(e't

*,anu 2!1 137;

%o&eko&e 203 1171

Tasi 131 ;72

Pa5a 2!; 170Taa 80 78

%a&imbisi >> 7>

%ibua 11; 7

Sonoro 2 17

9uru 2 37

*,aa 20 171

*,e'a 8! !72

Mkunda$i 1 078

Pomboo 1 078

Pono 2! 17Mkii 108 !78

Sanye !3 278

.du#i 20 171

Mba&ata 20 171

%inen'e 3 072

Ot,ers ;> 73

9one 1;1 873

%.% Ot4er Sea Creature)

T,e study 'as a&so concerned 'it, t,e status o# ot,er sea creatures ',ic, in #act 'ere

deemed to be seere&y t,reatened suc, as duons7 From t,e res5onses t,e #o&&o'in'ere mentionedE duons 3>72:4) turt&es 3;7:4) and 5ra'ns 107;:4) sea cucumber

307!:4) a bird by t,e name o# koa res5ondents4) 5omboo 270:4 and ,i55o kiboko4

mentioned by one 1:4 res5ondent7 (t t,e same time 237>: a&most a 6uarter) i7e7 280

res5ondents4 said t,ey cou&d not te&& ',ic, ty5e o# sea creature t,at ,ad dec&ined7 n

200) nine 84 sea creatures deemed to ,ae become scarce 'ereE duon) 5ra'ns)

turt&es) sea cucumber) octo5us) 9isi) Makome) *rabs) and 9yamata7 T,en t,e dec&ine o#

t,ese ot,er sea creatures 'as attributed to oer-#is,in and i&&ea& #is,in 5ractices suc,

as dynamite) 5oisonin and use o# sma&& mes, nets7 T,is time 20114 in addition) c&imate

c,ane-t,e sea is 'arm 7>:4@ #rom tsunami t,reat 7:4 'ere mentioned7

%.%." O(t/pu), Sea (u(u*er a'0 Pra8')

2>


29/50

T,e 2011 surey 5robed into t,e aai&abi&ity o# octo5us) sea cucumber and 5ra'ns in t,e

5reious #ie years7 T,e #indins indicate t,at t,e aai&abi&ity o# t,e /(t/pu), com5ared

to t,e 5recedin #ie years) ,ad decreased &itt&e and reat4 accordin to a&most t'o-t,irds

378:4 o# t,e res5ondents7 On&y 7: t,ou,t t,ey ,ad increased) ',i&e 87: ,ad not

noticed any c,ane7 37;: did not kno') ',i&e 237: o# t,e res5onses 'ere desinated

as 9! 10.6Duon 2;3 1/.6Jonoo 183 11.0%amba 2>8 17!

9isi 2 17!

Makome 0 37

%aa ; 73

9yamata 3 0.2Ot,ers 3! 2.0

9one 3!3 20.2

%.%.5 Du/')

Duons are &isted on (55endi= o# *T+S and c&assi#ied &oba&&y as Qu&nerab&e to

e=tinction? due to a 5o5u&ation dec&ine in t,e &ast 80 years .*9) 200>

,tt5E72:4 said t,ey ate #is,)

17!: sea insects) 1!7;: searass and $ust oer a 6uarter 27!:4 'ere correct in t,at

t,ey eat m'ani


30/50

eatin its meat) de&icious as it is7 (s s,o'n in tab&e 22 a4 t,e 5resence o# duons no'

com5ared to t,e 5ast #ie years 'as t,ou,t to ,ae dec&ined by !>71: o# t,e

res5ondents) ',i&e 307;: ,ad no idea did not kno'4 and !78: said t,ey ,ad increased

and !72: ,ad seen no c,ane7 (ccordin to Tab&e 22 b4 t,e reasons #or t,e

dec&ineue'(y Per(e't

DonKt kno' 3;! 307;

/ery muc, increased 3 37!Some,o' increased 28 27

9o c,anes7!

T,ey are cau,t mistaken&y


31/50

arranements7 On t,e bene#its t,at 'ou&d accrue #rom suc, measures) !;: t,ou,t it

'ou&d reat&y en,ance t,e abundance o# #is,7 T,e most im5ortant diidend #or suc, a

moe 'as t,at #is, 'ou&d be ab&e to breed at 5eaceC undisturbed7 (ny'ay >78: did not

t,ink suc, measures 'ou&d ,e&5 at a&&7 *&oser to ,ome res5ondents 'ere asked i# t,ere

'ere any conseration actiities oin on in t,eir i&&aes7 Oer ,a !878:4 conceded

t,at t,ere 'ere natura& re)/ur(e) (/')ervat2/' a(t2v2t2e)in t,eir i&&aes) ',i&e oer a

t,ird 3;7>:4 dec&ined7 (ccordin to Tab&e 23 a4) t,ese actiities consisted o#

co&&aboratie conseration u&ini s,irikis,i4 1172:@ BM.s 87!:4) conserin o#

manroes 3073:4) 5rotectin cora&s 37!:4 and combatin i&&ea& #is,in 1273:47

9ote t,at oer a t,ird 387;:4 'ere desinated 9:4 and

5&antin trees 37:47 ( tricky 6uestion 5osed 'as t,at ',ic, in6uired ',et,er t,e

res5ondent in 6uestion neatie&y im5acted on natura& resources and t,e enironment by

,is actions7 ( sini#icant 5ortion 17:4 'as #rank enou, to admit t,at t,ey did) ',i&e

t,ree-6uarters ;87!:4 dec&ined to admit7 T,ose t,at admitted cited t,e cases o# #e&&in

trees 73:4) encroac,in on #orbidden areas 17>4 and i&&ea& #is,in 273:47 T,e#o&&o'in t'o tab&es de5ict t,e ty5e o# conseration actiities carried out in t,e i&&aes

as 5er t,e t'o sureys7

Ta*+e 53 a- C/')ervat2/' a(t2v2t2e) 2' t4e v2++ae 56"" &2'02')-

Re)p/')e)Fre>ue'(y

Per(e't /&

(a)e)

DonKt kno' 123 10.&ini s,irikis,i co&&aboratie4 13; 11/i&&ae oernment 33 3

BM.s 11 10*onserin t,e enironment manroes 3;0 30Protectin cora&s 3 4ssuin &icense 1 1Ban i&&ea& #is,in 1!0

WWF 23 12*entra& oernment 1 1

9 40T/ta+ "$6; 124

Ta*+e 53 *- C/')ervat2/' a(t2v2t2e) 2' t4e v2++ae 566# &2'02')-


Presence o# MMP o##ice 132 7;

*onseration o# manroes !82 2878

Bannin i&&ea& #is,in 280 17

9o ,arestin cora&s 'it,out a 5ermit 1;3 >7;

9( ;8! 071

T/ta+ re)p/')e) "?


32/50

Ta*+e 5%7 W4/ 2) (urre't+y a'a2' (/a)ta+ a'0 ar2'e 'atura+ re)/ur(e)=

W,o is current&y manain coasta& and marine natura& resources

I 0/'t

'/8

Ce'tra+

G/ver'

e't

Mu'2(2

pa+

(/u'(2+

C/

u'2ty 2'

Ge'era

+

F2)4er

e' BMU

12++ae

/ver'

e't

N/t

a')8er

e0

T/ta+

O&d> 23 121 1 28 %35

Farmer ! 21 1 !3 ; 8! !3 18 35?

Sa&aried

em5&oyee1! 3 12 11 1 1! ! 2 3 ""6

T/ta+ 55% ?5


33/50

attendance 5ersona&&y or #rom ones c,i&d e77 Wor&d enironmenta& day4 'as re5orted to

be a 5otentia&&y anot,er mode o# &earnin7 n t,is res5ect on&y a 6uarter 2!7:4 'as

ab&e to uti&ise t,is aenue) ',i&e t,ree-6uarters ;7:4 'ere not ab&e7 ( book kno'n as

Bahari #or 5rimary sc,oo&s is a&so anot,er ostensib&e medium o# &earnin about t,e

enironment7 T,e #indins s,o' t,at on&y 13: 'ere ab&e to &earn about t,e

enironment) t,rou, t,is means) 5resumab&y by 5rimary sc,oo& 5u5i&s7 Ot,er'ise 'e&&

oer t,ree 6uarters >71:4 did not bene#it #rom t,is medium7

T,ere are a&so documents reardin &a's and enironmenta& 5o&icies ',ic, cou&d be a

source #or &earnin by i&&aers and stake,o&ders7 On t,is t,e #indins te&& us t,at on&y

187!: 'ere ab&e to uti&ise t,is medium) ',i&e ;87!: cou&d not7 On t,e ot,er ,and) oer

,a !87:4 o# res5ondents said t,ey 'atc,ed ideos) t,ou, on&y #e' timesC 327>:4

and 07: did not7 T,ey 'atc,ed ideos most&y at ,ome 1!7>:4 or 'it,in t,eir i&&aes

337:47 (55arent&y) s5orts accounted #or oer ,a !270:4 o# t,e #aourite ideo

5rorammes 'atc,ed) #o&&o'ed by 9e's1sic4 'it, 3;78: and comedy 1;7>:4) ',i&e

t,e 5roramme Ma&iasi&i natura& resources4 'as 'atc,ed by on&y 87:

Potentia&&y nationa& ne's 5a5ers are anot,er source o# in#ormation and &earnin on t,e

enironment7 T,e #indins s,o' t,at on&y 217!: 'ere ab&e to bene#it #rom t,is medium)incidenta&&y because o# t,e remoteness o# t,e i&&aes ',ere t,e aai&abi&ity o# 5a5ers is

erratic) at best7 T,us ;;7!: did not bene#it #rom t,is medium7 Sti&& oer t'o-t,irds

71:4 o# res5ondents said t,ey read ne's5a5ers !M'ananc,i 1 2;

9i5as,e 1!0 2>

Dai&y ne's 12 2

Ma&endo !> 11

Ma$ira 3 12

.,uru ; 1

Mtanania !2 10

T,e i&&ae notice board 'as used to ain some #orm o# kno'&ede about t,e

enironment by 2>7: o# t,e res5ondents ',i&e ;17!: did not7 On t,e ot,er ,andca&endars and broc,ures 5roed to be amenab&e #or t,ey 'ere t,e source o# in#ormation

#or a&most ,a >7!:4 o# t,e res5ondents7 et anot,er ,a !17!:4 o# t,e res5ondents

did not uti&ise t,is medium7 (55arent&y mos6ue meetins 'ere a&so instrumenta& in

de&iery o# messaes about t,e enironment #or ',ic, a 6uarter 27>:4 credit t,is

means o# de&iery7 Sti&& a&most t,ree-6uarters ;372:4 did not bene#it #rom t,ese

meetins7

*onersations in market 5&aces or &andin sites


34/50

oer',e&min ma$ority >70:4 said t,ey &istened to t,e radio ',i&e 170: did not7 Just

oer a t,ird 3>72:4 'as not ab&e to uti&ise t,is medium #or arious reasons inc&udin non

5ossession o# t,e same7 On t,e #re6uency) t,e #indins s,o' t,at a tent, 137;:4 &istened

dai&y and a t,ird 378:4 on&y a #e' times7 Oer t,ree-6uarters ;;7>:4 &istened to t,e

radio usin t,eir o'n 5ersona& radios7 T,e most &istened to radio is TB*

Meetins in c,urc,


35/50

Documents reardin &a's and enironmenta&

5o&icies 21

Seminars


36/50

derees) anot,er t,ird 373:4 said t,ey 'ere com5&ete&y not acce5tab&e and 17!: t,at

t,ey 'ere &ess acce5tab&e7C On ,o' t,e #is,ermen ad,ered to t,e by-&a's) aain 'e #ind

aryin &ee&s o# com5&iance7 W,ereas oer ,a !37>:4 did not kno') >78: said t,ey

'ere acce5tab&e to a&&) 87>: t,at t,ey 'ere acce5tab&e to t,ree-6uarters o# t,em) 17;:

said t,ey 'ere acce5tab&e to ,a and107;: t,ou,t t,ey 'ere acce5tab&e to on&y a

6uarter o# t,e #is,ers7

%.;." BMU )trate2e)

T,e 2011 study 'anted res5ondents to name at &east t,ree strateies on #is,eries

manaement brou,t about by BM. in eac, i&&ae7 Oer ,a !178:4 mentioned

combatin i&&ea& #is,in@ t,e ne=t stratey mentioned 'as conserin marine resources

suc, as manroes 3;7!:4 and 5atro&s aainst i&&ea& #is,in met,ods suc, as dynamite

2370:47 (bout a 6uarter 271:4 o# t,e res5ondents said t,e community 'as ino&ed in

arious ste5s:4 say t,ey are not acce5tab&e7 On ',et,er t,e strateies

,ae been bene#icia& to #is,ermen and im5roed 5ros5ects o# #is, aai&abi&ity in t,e

#uture) a t,ird 37;:4 t,ou,t yes t,ey ,ae been bene#icia& and on&y 71: did not see

any bene#its@ it is to be noted t,at oer a ,a !37>:4 said t,ey did not kno'7C

T,e study a&so in6uired into ,o' t,e i&&aers understood t,e duties o# BM. committees7

T,e resu&ts s,o' a 'ide and 6uite e=tensie understandin o# t,e ro&es e=5ected o#

BM.s) some #ar #rom t,ose 5ronounced in t,e uide&ines 27T,e #indins3came u5 'it,

nine ro&es inc&udinE su5erisin t,e entry o# mirants #orein #is,ers4 3;7!:4@

co&&ectin data:4@ oranisin meetins 'it,

i&&aers 1272:4@ oerseein ,yiene#ygiene< iv5 collect "is#eries data and

disseminate< v5educate stake#olders on negative im!acts o" illegal "is#ing !ractices% vi5 ensure

security o" t#e !eo!le and !ro!erty and vii5 undertake onitoring% Control and Surveillance CS5

3*#7 (ccordin to t,e 5artici5ants in Mc,unu i&&ae) t,e conce5t o# co&&aboratie #is,eries manaement and BM. as adanced

by t,e WWF 'as a better o5tion as it 5roided t,e &oca& residents 'it, t,e ski&&s) ca5acity and mandate to decide u5on t,e use o#

t,eir resourcesC9orad Periodic Proress"esu&ts "e5ort) 30t, Marc,) 20084

3


37/50

t,e s,ore&ine

ie 5ermits to #is,ers ;2 187:

*o&&ect reenueue'(y Per(e't

m5roe 5eo5&eKs &ies 13 27>

*onsere t,e enironment 1 370

+n,ance enironmenta& a'areness 2 07

"educe enironmenta& neatie im5acts 173

Monitorin and researc, 3 07ncrease community 5artici5ation ; 17!

DonKt kno' 11 27

9( 311 !78

Tota& res5onses ;2 100

Table 30 (b): E@te't RUMAKI /a+) 8/u+0 *e'e&2t t4e (/u'2ty a((/r02' t/ )/(2a+ r/up 2' 566#

S/(2a+ Gr/up 1ery

reat

Great L2tt+e N/'e D/'t

'/8

N/t

a')8ere0

T/ta+

+&ders 1 0 0 0 0 38 0

Fis,ers 10 1 2 3 >; 108

Farmers 3 0 2 100 11!+m5&oyees


38/50

ss

out,s 1 0 1 0 0 3 3>

"e&iious &eaders 0 0 0 0 0

Sc,oo& teac,ers 1 0 0 0 1

Students 0 0 0 1 0 38 0

T/ta+ 5% "3 ? 3 "6 3#5 %5"

n t,e 2011 study #irst 'e 5osed t,e 6uestionE ae you eer ,eard about ".M(%

5roramme T,e ayesC 'ere oer t'o-t,irds ;73:4 and naysC #ormed one-t,ird

327;:47 T,is 'as #o&&o'ed by a 6uestion on t,e main ob$ectie o# ".M(% to ',ic, $ust

oer a ,a !372:4 said t,ey did not kno'@ a&most a 6uarter 227>:4 said it 'as on

conserin t,e sea enironment@ anot,er 1>7: said it 'as meant #or t,e im5roin

community H5eo5&esI &i#e) 7: t,ou,t Haue&yI it 'as #or increasin community

coo5eration ',i&e on&y 171: mentioned t,at it 'anted to increase #is, aai&abi&ity7

T,e res5onses are re5roduced in Tab&e 31a47

Ta*+e 3" a-7 K'/8+e0e /& RUMAKI a'0 2t) O*e(t2ve)


DonKt kno' 8 !372

m5roin community &i#e 22 1>7

Sea enironment 5reserations 2;> 227>

To increase community coo5eration ! 7

To increase #is, aai&abi&ity 13 171

T/ta+ "556 "66.6

Ta*+e 3" *-7 Per(ept2/') /' 4/8 RUMAKI 4a) *ee' *e'e&2(e't t/ (/u'2t2e)A(t2v2ty Fre>ue'(y Per(e't

Formation o# BM.s and co-manaement 223 37

Proide education on sea enironment 282 ;7;

Formation o# /*OB( 12 ;73

Fattenin o# crabs > 1171

Fis, Farmin m'atiko4 101 17!

Oysters and Pear&s %ee5in 13 271

Fis,ery Statistics *o&&ection 1! 27!

%.: a##irmed

3>


39/50

t,at it ,ad not brou,t any bene#its at a&&7 We asked ',o and ',o ,ad 5artici5ated in

".M(% 5rorammes7

T,e 2011 study 'anted to et at t,e core o# ".M(%?s actiities by askin res5ondents

to name at &east t,ree actiities undertaken by t,e 5roramme7 T,e #indins are reea&in

in t,at not on&y did oer a t,ird o# res5ondents name t,e t,ree im5ortant ".M(%

actiities but a&so sini#icant 5ercentaes mentioned ot,ers as s,o'n in Tab&e 327

Ta*+e 357 E@te't RUMAKI pr/ra) 4ave *e'e&2te0 v2++ae (/u'2ty


DonKt kno' !> !378

/ery muc, 113 873

Muc, 128 107

Litt&e 22! 1>7

9ot at a&& 8! ;7>

Tota& 1220 10070

T,e study 'anted to assess t,e e=tent o# i&&aers? 5artici5ation in meetins 'it,

".M(% o##icia&s concernin uti&isation and conseration o#e=istin natura& resources7(ccordin to 287: o# t,e res5ondents t,ere 'ere some e&ements o# 5artici5ation but to

t,e ma$ority ;07:4 o# res5ondents c&aim t,at t,ere 'as no 5artici5ation7

T,e study 'anted to et o5inions on ',o s,ou&d and ',o actua&&y manaes #is,ery

resources in t,e i&&aes7 T,e aried o5inions are re5roduced be&o' in t,e #orm o#

5ercentaes startin 'it, ',o current&y manaes t,e resource7

We 5osed a 6uestion on ',o current&y manaes coasta& and marine natura& resources7 T,e

res5onses 'ere as indicated in Tab&e 33a47

Ta*+e 33 a-7 W4/ 2) re)p/')2*+e &/r &2)4ery 'atura+ re)/ur(e) a'aee't=

Re)p/')e) Per(e't

Don?t kno' 1*entra& oernment

Munici5a& counci&

*ommunity in enera& 1

Fis,ermen ;

BM. 11

/i&&ae oernment 1!

T/ta+ "66

Ta*+e 33 *-7 W4/ 2) re)p/')2*+e &/r 'atura+ re)/ur(e a'aee't '/8= A) per 566# )urvey-

Re)p/')e) Per(e't

*entra& oernment 8

District counci& 21

*ommunity


40/50

DonKt kno' 18

9( 28

T/ta+ "66

O' 84/ )4/u+0 a(tua++y a'ae t4e &2)4ery re)/ur(e) t4e &/++/82' 8ere t4e re)p/')e)7:

*ommunity in enera&170:

/i&&ae oernment17>: BM.1173:

*entra& oernment!7>:

District counci&378:

Fis,ermen t,emse&es7>:

DonKt kno'171

T,ese #indins are interestin in t,at as muc, as 1: o# t,e res5ondents 5re#er t,e

community in enera& to actua&&y manae t,e #is,ery resources as o55osed to on&y a tent,

1173:4 t,e task bein &e#t to BM.s7 T,is s,o's t,at a &are section o# t,e community do

not reard t,e BM.s as re5resentin t,e community interest in enera&7

T,e study 'anted a&so to aue i# res5ondents are satis#ied 'it, t,eir 5artici5ation inrunnin and manain #is,ery resources at 5resent7 T,e #indins te&& us t,at t,ey are

diided7 T,us ',ereas 27>: are inariab&y sca&e o# some,o' to ery muc,C4 satis#ied)

;7: e=5ressed aried &ee&s o# satis#action some,o'7;:

'ere indi##erent7

W,en asked about t,e e=tent o# im5roement in o55ortunities #or 5artici5ation and

ino&ement in manain #is,ery resources by ".M(% a ood 5ercent) c&ose to a ,a

7>:4 e=5ressed 5ositie commendation ',i&e a 6uarter 27>:4 'ere sce5tica& and

anot,er 6uarter 2;70:4 Did not kno'C

T,e #ormation and o5eration o# /*OB( 'as ,ai&ed by oer a 6uarter 2;70:4 o#

res5ondents as t,e most bene#icia& interention o# ".M(%7

Fina&&y 'e asked ,o' res5ondents ie'ed ".M(% in enera&7 T,e resu&ts 'ere aaindiided as s,o'n in Tab&e 37 (&most a ,a ;7;:4 said it 'as ood and s,ou&d

continue) a t,ird 37;:4 ,ad not understood it 'e&& yet7

Ta*+e 3%7 I' e'era+ 4/8 0/ y/u )ee t4e RUMAKI pr/ra=


DonKt understand it #u&&y yet > 37;

t ,as not e=5anded 'e&& 28 27

t is ood s,ou&d continue !>2 ;7;

To succeed it s,ou&d 5rioritise t,e 5eo5&e 21 17;

# en,anced it is ood) no' it caters #or #e' 5eo5&e 1 171T,y isit us a &ot understandin is su55osed to be

,i, 22 17>

t is ood #or t,ose ',o ,ae $oined on&y ! 37;

t is no ood@ it o55resses #is,ers > 378

T,e 5roramme is not 'e&& understood 11 078

T/ta+ "556 "66

W,en asked i# ".M(% 5roram 'as to continue #or anot,er ne=t ! years) ',ic,

5riorities s,ou&d be ado5ted) res5ondents &isted 10 areas 'it, /*OB( bein t,e #irst

#o&&o'ed by i4 reater 5artici5ation o# i&&aers@ ii4 better #is,in ears@ iii4 im5artin

entre5reneuria& ski&&s@ i4 ino&in more i&&aes@ and 4 stress on conseration7 On asour note !7>: 'ant ".M(% to 5ack and &eae) ',i&e 237: did not kno'7

0


41/50

Ta*+e 3$7 I& RUMAKI pr/ra 8/u+0 4ave t/ (/'t2'ue 2' t4e 'e@t $ year) 842(4 pr2/r2ty 8/u+0 y/u

8a't 2t t/ 0/=

Fre>ue'(y Per(e't

DonKt kno' 2>> 237

T,ey s,ou&d cease 07;

9ot ans'ered 1 071

T/ta+ "556 "66

"es5ondents 'ere asked ,o' muc, t,ey 'ou&d &ike to be ino&ed in issues o# manain

o# natura& resources o# t,e coast7 Oer t'o-t,irds ;172:4 e=5ressed eaerness to take

5art and oer ,a !7>:4 'ere ery muc,C interested7 On t,e ot,er ,and a 6uarter

2!7:4 did not 'ant to be ino&ed at a&&7 T'o t,irds 7>:4 'ou&d &ike to be ino&ed

in issuin o# 5ermits #or outside #is,ermen and anot,er t'o-t,irds >71:4 'ou&d &ike to

be ino&ed in 5atro&s aainst i&&ea& #is,in) 371: 'ant to be ino&ed in co&&etin

#is,in statistics7

T,e &ast 6uestion 'as to name $ust one 5ro$ect t,at 'ou&d ostensib&y im5roe t,e &iin

standards o# t,e i&&aers i# im5&emented7 (&toet,er 13 5ro$ects 'ere mentioned to55ed

by im5roement o# in#rastructure) #o&&o'ed by more education on enironmenta&

conseration) better #is,in ears) /*OB() entre5reneurs,i5) 5ro$ects t,at #aour yout,

and #ina&&y better c&assrooms7

$. CONCLUSIONS

Ga2') a'0 ap) 2' (/u'2ty a8are'e)) a'0 u'0er)ta'02' /& t4e E'v2r/'e't,

Natura+ Re)/ur(e) a'0 B2/02ver)2ty

We note t,at t,ere ,ae been a number o# ains since 2007

17 For e=am5&e in res5ondents mentioned !! ty5es o# coasta& and marine resources

in 2011 ',i&e in 200 t,ey ,ad mentioned 21 on&y727 T,ere 'as a&so a sini#icant c,ane on t,e res5onses on ',at are cora&s com5ared

to t,e 200 surey) a'areness o# t,eir im5ortance #rom 3>7: to !7>: and t,ose

',o did not kno' t,eir sini#icance dro55ed #rom 2!78: to 127;:7

37 "es5ondents rea&isin t,e im5ortance o# manroes to #is, rose #rom ;72: to

>27:) ',ereas t,ose ',o did not see t,e re&ations,i5 #e&& #rom 327>: to 1!70:7

7 *om5ared to t,e 200 surey) a 5ositie c,ane in understandin t,e oera&&

im5ortant ro&e o# cora&s) manroes) and sea 5&ants ,ae to #is,7

!7 On #is, re5roduction aain t,ere is an im5roement o# 72: #rom !172: o# 2007

(not,er notab&e c,ane 'as t,at t,e 5ercentae o# t,ose ',o don?t kno'C about

#is, re5roduction dro55ed #rom 270: to 178:7

7 T,e a&&usion to od?s endo'ment ,ad decreased #rom 73: in 200 to 27>: in20117

1


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;7 "eardin duons) in 200) a tent, 117>:4 did not kno' ',at t,ey 'ere) by

2011 t,is ,ad dro55ed to >72: and ',i&e in 200) ;07;: ,ad said it 'as a ty5e o#

#is,) in 2011 t,ere 'as a decrease o# 07!: ',i&e t,e 1373: t,inkin it to be a

mamma& ,ad a&most doub&ed to 2078:7

>7 n 200 on&y a 6uarter 27:4 o# t,e res5ondents 'ere ab&e to say correct&y t,at

duons ate searass or7:4 said it aimed at im5roin

community H5eo5&esI &ies77 (&most a ,a ;7;:4 said ".M(% 'ere 5ositie about t,e continuity o# t,e

".M(% seasca5e 5roramme

Ipa(t /& RUMAKI) a8are'e)), (/u'2(at2/') a'0 e0u(at2/' a(t2v2t2e)

ere t,e #indins are mi=ed7

17 District counci& o##icia&s 'ere e=5ected to be t,e source o# in#ormation on t,e

enironment) but a&most a ,a >72:4 did not &earn anyt,in #rom suc, o##icia&s)

instead 17;: &earnt t,rou, seminars


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'atc,ed by on&y about a tent, 87:4 t,ey cannot be said to be amenab&e to

raisin a'areness on enironment and natura& resources

>7 ( #i#t, 217!:4 'ere ab&e to bene#it #rom raedin 9ationa& ne'sa5a5ers t,ou,

t'o-t,irds 71:4 said t,ey read ne's5a5ers


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Re&ere'(e)

Distribution and status o# coasta& ,abitats and resources in TananiaC Dra#t "e5ort submitted to

WWF N Dar es Sa&aam by *7 Mu,ando and *7 "umis,a) 200>

Strent,enin *ommunity *a5acity in Fis,eries *o-manaement

S**(F*OM4 9O"(D Periodic Proress "esu&ts "e5ort 200-200> Ju&it,a

M'anami&o) 30t, Marc,) 2008 SeaSense 20084 *ommunity-based +ndanered Marine s5ecies *onserationE

Tanania (nnua& "e5ort January N December 2008 5re5ared by Lindsey West

WWF 200!4 ".M(% Seasca5e ProrammeE *o&&aboratie *oasta& "esources Manaement

and Lie&i,oods Dee&o5ment in "u#i$i) Ma#ia A %i&'a Districts) Tanania

!


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RUMAKI 56"" Survey E'uerat/r)

Ma&2a

17 (&&y "as,id Marine Park4

27 Mo,amed S,amte Marine Park4

37 Besta Msuman$e Marine Park4

7 (ntonia M5emba Fis,eries O##icer4

!7 Subira Muya Fis,eries O##icer4

7 (yubu Sabu Fis,eries O##icer4

;7 Mariam amdan B( +nironmenta& Studies4

>7 Met,od *,enu&a Fis,eries o##icer4

K2+8a

17 Mr %ene&a Mas,imba Fis,eries O##icer-Somana4

27 Mr Steen o,ana Fis,eries O##icer-%i&'a %iin$e4

37 Ms +ster Sa&atory Fis,eries O##icer-%i&'a Masoko4

7 Ms *,arity 9eni *ommunity Dee&o5ment O##icer-%i&'a4!7 Mr Omary M5oto +ducation O##icer-%i&'a Masoko4

Ru&22

17 Mr (nt,ony Mbea B7 Sc7 (6ua47 Ms "eina 9anema M( Dee&o5ment Studies4

?. Ms (kii *,a'ac,i Bac,e&or o# La's

107 Mr Ja5,et Sa&akana B( *ommunity Dee&o5ment4117 Mr Mbe&u 9$a'a B( Socio&oy4

127 Mr Dennis M'end'a B( Socio&oy4

137 Mr +mmanue& (nanisye B( Socio&oy4


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TOR) FOR CONDUCTING KNOWLEDGE, ATTITUDES J PERCEPTIONS KAP-

REPEAT SUR1E! IN RUFII, MAFIA J KILWA DISTRICTS

". BACKGROUND

T,e WWF Tanania Proramme O##ice WWF T*O4 in 5artners,i5 'it, District aut,orities in "u#i$i) Ma#ia

and %i&'a@ Ma#ia s&and Marine Park) and coasta& communities ,as committed itse to #aci&itatin t,edee&o5ment o# coasta& &ie&i,oods t,rou, t,e sustainab&e manaement o# marine and coasta& resources in

"u#i$i) Ma#ia and %i&'a Districts by im5&ementin t,e ".M(% seasca5e 5roramme oer an initia& #ie-

year 5eriod startin #rom Ju&y 2007 T,e 5ur5ose o# t,e ".M(% Seasca5e 5roramme is Improved socio-

economic well-being of coastal RUFIJI-MAFIA-KI!A comm"nitie thro"gh s"stainable# participator$ and

e%"itable "tilisation and protection of their marine and coastal reso"rces&

5. OUTPUTS

Out o# t,e ! Out5uts o# t,e ".M(% Proramme) Out5ut 2 re&ates to a'areness) communication and

education7 t?s aim is e=5ressed as@Knowledge shared and awareness raised amongst sta'eholders on iss"es

relating to s"stainable management of marine and coastal reso"rces(

T,e main target a"dience #or communications 'ork inc&udes a&& t,e main stake,o&der rou5s) but 'it, an

em5,asis on communities) inc&udin sc,oo&-c,i&dren many o# ',om become resource users and


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i4 identi#y re&eant a5s in community a'areness and understandin t,at 'i&& constitute t,e 5riority areas #or

t,e ".M(%?s #uture ('areness) *ommunications and

+ducation (*+4 Stratey@

ii4 estab&is, in#ormation and data t,rou, ',ic, in com5arison 'it, t,e base&ine situation) t,e im5act o# t,e

".M(% a'areness) communications and education actiities can be measured@

iii4 conduct an ea&uation o# t,e im5act o# t,e Ma#ia s&and Marine Park MMP4 a'areness and education

5roramme since year 200

i4 conduct an ana&ysis to #ind out kno'&ede) attitudes and 5erce5tions c,anes about ob$ecties o#

".M(% 5roramme@ sini#icant bene#it #rom marine A coasta& resources manaement initiaties o#

".M(% 5ro$ect@ conce5ts A #acts under&yin sustainab&e manaement o# marine A coasta& resources@

#is,eries &eis&ations) reu&ations and manaement 5&ans and t,eir im5acts oertime com5ared to situation

be#ore commencement o# ".M(% 5roramme

4ote5 Baseline s"rve$s data and information and findings of the proposed st"d$ will be basis for this

comparison4

%. SCOPE OF WORK AND SPECIFIC TASKS

%.". C/++a*/rat2/'

T,e consu&tant 'i&& 'ork c&ose&y 'it, t,e WWF ".M(% teamE es5ecia&&y 'it, t,eProramme *oordinator and t,e *ommunications) ('areness and Trainin *oordinator in DSM4 and t,e

Pro$ect +=ecutants in Ma#ia and %i&'a7 T,e main WWF-TPO counter5art to t,e consu&tant 'i&& be t,e

*ommunications) ('areness and Trainin *oordinator *(T*4)

Mr (&i T,ani7 T,e consu&tant 'i&& a&so) 'ork 'it, anot,er consu&tant) MSRRRRRR77) ',o 'i&& assist

'it, oranisin and im5&ementin #ie&d sureys and 'i&& be res5onsib&e #or t,e data ana&ysis and data

manaement7 T,e consu&tant 'i&& a&so co&&aborate c&ose&y 'it, district and MMP sta## #or t,e task7

%.5. Preparat2/'

72717 T,e *onsu&tant 'i&& assist in re#inin t,e e=istin surey 6uestionnaire) ensurin t,at it coers t,e

#o&&o'in areasE

Understanding and perceptions of the environment# nat"ral reso"rces# living things# biodiversit$( *omm"nit$ 'nowledge of nat"ral histor$(

.erceptions of present practises in reso"rce "tilisation(

ocal attit"des 0 beliefs regarding marine reso"rces(

.erceptions of h"man impacts on marine reso"rces(

evel of appreciation of the "ni%"eness of the 6eascape area(

istrib"tion of 'nowledge to the comm"nit$ 0 so"rces of information

*omm"nit$ 'nowledge of nat"ral reso"rce laws and reg"lations and provisions for comm"nit$ co-

management of the coastal reso"rces(

.resent behavio"r and practises in relation to some specific reso"rces(

*omm"nit$ perceptions of benefit from the RUMAKI .rogramme

72727 T,e *onsu&tant 'i&& assist in dee&o5in a re5resentatie sam5&in desin) in co&&aboration 'it,

MSRR77 and t,e ".M(% Proramme *o-ordinator7

72737 T,e *onsu&tant 'i&& identi#y a team o# #ie&d enumerators and 5re5are and e=ecute trainin #or t,em)

inc&udin a 5re-test o# t,e 6uestionnaire and 5roision o# enumerators notes in S'a,i&i7

%.3. Ip+ee'tat2/'

T,e *onsu&tant 'i&&E

assist t,e Princi5a& nestiator in im5&ementin a #ie&d surey in t,e se&ected i&&aes o# %i&'a)

Ma#ia and "u#i$i ino&in administerin a55ro=imate&y 1)00 6uestionnaires) t,rou, one-on-one

interie's 'it, in se&ected sam5&e i&&aes 'it,in ".M(% area7@ assist a de-brie#in e=ercise 'it, enumerators at end o# #ie&d 'ork 5robab&y in Dar es Sa&aam4@

co-ordinate data entry) conduct data ana&ysis and ensure sa#e-kee5in o# data 6uestionnaires@

>


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assist t,e Princi5a& nestiator in 5re5arin and submittin a narratie re5orts) on t,e e=ercise) one

#or t,e re5eat surey #or areas outside Ma#ia s&and Marine Park) and one re5ortin on t,e re5eat

surey #or Ma#ia s&and Marine Park) eac, re5ort as 5er t,e #o&&o'in #ormatE

)7, etails of personnel responsible for the report# Agreement reference and the Agreement s"b1ect matter(

)2, +8ec"tive s"mmar$

)9, Introd"ction - providing a brief description of the circ"mstances and bac'gro"nd that led to the s"rve$(

):, Methodolog$ 0 implementation5 a description of the s"rve$ e8ercise# incl"ding

a, the methodolog$ "sed# incl"ding sampling design

b, o"tline of act"al implementation sched"le

c, an$ obstacles enco"ntered in implementation )logistical; sampling; appl$ing %"estionnaire etc(,

)3, Res"lts

a, A brief interpretive anal$sis of 'e$ res"lts )f"ll res"lts in Appendices,#

b, an$ comments or observations on the credibilit$ of the data

)


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i