food fortification & adulteration

7/25/2019 Food Fortification & Adulteration

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FoodFortifcation &

Adulteration


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FoodFortifcation

WHO The process whereby nutrients areadded to foods (in relatively smallquantities) to maintain or improve thequality of the diet of a group a community

or a population!"


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History o Food Fortifcation

#odised $alt was used in the %nited$tates before World War ##

&itamin ' was added to margarine in'enmar in early *+s

&itamin , - ' were added to &anaspati(hydrogenated &egetable Oil) in #ndiasince ./0

1


4/96

Fortifcation o ood under thegovernment supported

programmes 2orti3cation of ICDS supplementarycooed food

2orti3cation of food for theMid DayMeal

2orti3cation of factory producedReadyto!at "R#!$ oods

2orti3cation of wheat 4our suppliedthrough #argeted %ulicDistriution System"#%DS$


5/96

cominations omicronutrients

'ehicles Micronutrients

5dible common salt #ron #odine

Whole wheat 4our -6aida

#ron 2olic ,cid 7alcium8inc

9ice #ron 2olic ,cid 7alcium 8inc

&egetable oils &it! , - '

6il and 'airyproducts

&itamin ' , #ron 2olic ,cid7alcium Omega:1; 2atty,cids

#7'$ supplementaryfoods

#ron 2olic ,cid 7alcium 8inc

$ugar &itamin ,


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Criteria or Fortifcation

=utrient de3ciency should be widespread!

The vehicle food must be consumed by thetarget group

The high consumption of forti3ed food will

not lead to to>icity ,ddition of micronutrient should not change

the taste colour 4avour te>ture and shelf:life of the food item

The item of food should be centrallycontrolled and monitored

The cost of forti3cation should be a?ordable


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Advantages

@roviding certain nutrients simultaneouslyin the same food improves the utiliAationof certain

&itamins and minerals e!g! vitamin 7enhances the absorption of iron

@roviding nutrients through the regularfood supply and distribution system

reduces costs!

..


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Food adulteration

The process of lowering the nutritivevalue of food either by removing a

vital component or by addingsubstances of inferior quality iscalled food adulteration!


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FSSA Adulterant

,ny material which is or could be employed

for maing the food unsafe or sub:standardor mis:branded or containing e>traneousmatter

Misranded)

2alse claims on label B ad #mitation B substitute

2alse statement design or device

regarding the ingredients 2alse 6anufacturer details or

#mproper label : arti3cial 4avouringcolouring or chemical preservative


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Common Food Adulterants

S*

n

Food

Material

Common Adulterants

. 6il 5>traction of fat ,ddition of starch

- Water

C 7o?ee

powder

'ate hus Tamarind hus 7hicory

1 6ustard

seeds

$eeds of pricly poppy:argemone

0 Dutter Oleo margarine

Honey 2ructose syrup Bcane sugar

; 9ice wheat 6ud grits $oapstone bits

E Dlac 'ried seeds of papaya ./


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Health Ha+ards o Adulteration

Dreaing of teeth

7ause F#T disturbances lie diarrhea,inections !

$tomach or intestinal Cancer*

To>icity due to to>ic sweeteners additivescolours etc!

-athrysim due to consumption of Gesari

dal !!pidemic Dropsy due to consumption of,rgemone oil mi>ed mustard oil!

&arious abnormalities of bone eyes sin

and lungs! C*


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Food Standards

.* Code/ Alimentarius

7ollection of international food standards

recommended by 2,O and WHO!

0* %FAStandards

#ts purpose is to obtain a minimum level ofquality of food stu?s attainable under #ndianconditions!

1* Agmar2 Standards

Fives the consumer an assurance of quality inaccordance with standards laid down

3* 4ureau 5 Indian Standards

The #$# mar on any article of food is a guarantee

of good quality


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%revention o Food Adulteration Act "%FA$.673

5nacted in ./0 and amended in ./;1 ./;/and./


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7ommunity =utritional @rogrammes

Iarge scale supplementaryprogrammes

6ain aim is to improve nutritionalstatus in targeted groups

To overcome speci3c diseasesthrough various ministries to

combat malnutrition


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%rogrammes Ministry

&itamin , @rophyla>is @rogram Health andfamilyWelfare@rophyla>is ,gainst =utritional

anaemia

#''s 7ontrol @rogram

$pecial =utritional @rogram $ocialwelfare

Dalwadi =utritional @rogram

#7'$ @rogram

6id 'ay 6eal @rogram 5ducation


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#nitiated in ./E*

,ge group .: year

@riority to &,' geographical area

ObJective

@revent blindness due to &,'

OrganiAation @H7 and subcenter

'itamin A %rophyla/is%rogramme


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&itamin , @rophyla>is@rogramme

Dene3ciary group

preschool children(; months to years)

a single massive dose of oily preparation of&itamin , C***** #% (retinol palmitate..*mg) orally every ; months for everypreschool child above . year

half the amount in K than . year children

.B.


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@regnant woman K.. gmBdl

=on pregnant woman K.CgmBdl

#nitiated in ./E* 7entrally sponsored

Over *Mpregnant woman su?erfrom anemia

C*M of maternal death

7auses IDW and perinatal mortality

%rophyla/is Against 9utritionalAnaemia


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20/96

9ational Iodine Defciency

Disorder Control %rogramme =ational goiter control programme

in ./;C

#'' 7ontrol @rogramme

9eplace the entire edible salt by

iodide salt

.B.


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Special 9utritional %rogramme

$tarted in ./E* is in operation in urbanslums tribal areas and bacward ruralareas!

Iaunched under minimum need programme

6ain aim is to improve nutritional status intargeted group


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Dene3ciary group 7hildren below ; years @regnant and lactating women

child 1**cal and .*:.Cgm protein pregnant **cal and C gm protein

Total of 1** days in a yearThis programme is gradually being merged

into ICDS


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Applied 9utritional %rogramme

This proJect was started in Orissa on ./;1

Iater e>tended to T= and %@

ObJectives

@romoting production and of protective food such&egetables and fruits

5nsure their consumption by pregnant - lactatingwomen and children!

./E1 it is e>tended to all states in #='#, 6ainly through nutritional education

=utrition worth C paisa for children and * paisa forpregnant and lactating women for C days in a year

.B.


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6aJor components

=utritional $ervices

Health services

7ommunication 6onitoring and evaluation

Iater it is converted as #7'$

.B.


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Dalwadi =utrition@rogramme

This was started in ./E*under the departmentof social welfare

Dene3ciary group

preschool children 1:;years of age 1**cal and .*gm protein

,lso provided with pre school education

Dalawadisare being phased out becauseuniversaliAation of #7'$

.B.


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%rinciples o Mid Day Mealprogramme

The meal should be supplement and not asubstitute to home diet!

$upply at least one third of the total

energy requirement and half of theprotein needed

7ost of meal should be reasonably low

@repared easily in schools nocomplicating cooing procedures involved

Iocally available foods should be used

The menu should be frequently changed


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=ational @rophyla>is @rogramme against=utritional Dlindness due to &itamin , 'e3ciency

#nitiated in ./E* with the speci3c aimof preventing nutritional blindness

due to &it! , #nitially age group of eligible children

was restricted to / to 1; months of

age #n C**; revised as ;:/ months

#mplemented through the e>isting

networ of primary health centres


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Integrated Child

Development Services"ICDS$ Scheme

.B.


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ICDS Iaunched on CndOctober ./E! #7'$ $cheme represents one of the world+s

largest and most unique programmes forearly childhood development!

#ndia+s response to the challenge of @roviding pre:school education on one hand and

Dreaing the vicious cycle of malnutrition

morbidity reduced learning capacity andmortality on the other!

#7'$ is the foremost symbol of #ndia+scommitment to her children!

.B.


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%urpose or Initiation

Routine MCH services not reaching target

Population

Nutritional component not covered by

Health services

Need for community participation

.B.


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5:ectives)

.! To improve the nutritional and health status of children in

the age:group *:; yearsN

C! To lay the foundation for proper psychological physical and

social development of the childN

1! To reduce the incidence of mortality morbidity malnutrition

and school dropoutN

0! To achieve e?ective co:ordination of policy and

implementation amongst the various departments to

promote child developmentN and

! To enhance the capability of the mother to loo after the

normal health and nutritional needs of the child through

proper nutrition and health education!

.B.


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Services

The above obJectives are sought to beachieved through a pacage of servicescomprising

.! $upplementary nutritionC! #mmuniAation

1! Health chec:up

0! 9eferral services! @re:school non:formal education and

;! =utrition - health education!

.B.


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4enefciaries o ICDSChildren < 6 years

.B.


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$ervices and bene3ciariesServices arget Group Service Provided !"

Supplementar"

#utrition

$%ildren !elow & "ears'

Pregnant Lactating ot%er (PL)

Anganwadi Wor*er and

Anganwadi +elper

,mmuniation. $%ildren !elow & "ears'

Pregnant Women

A#/0

+ealt% $%ec*-up. $%ildren !elow & "ears'


A#/0/AWW

Reerral Services $%ildren !elow & "ears'


AWW/A#/0

Pre-Sc%ool 2ducation $%ildren 3-& "ears AWW

#utrition +ealt%

2ducation

Women (15-45 "ears) $%ildren 3-&

"ears


AWW/A#/0

.B.


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Supplementary 9utrition

This includes supplementary feeding and growthmonitoringN and prophyla>is against vitamin ,de3ciency and control of nutritional anaemia!

Frowth 6onitoring and nutrition surveillance aretwo important activities that are undertaen! 7hildren K1 years of age of age are weighed once a

month

children 1:; years of age are weighed quarterly

They avail of supplementary feeding support for1** days in a year!

.B.


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Immuni+ation)

#mmuniAation of pregnantwomen and infantsprotects children from si>vaccine preventablediseases:poliomyelitisdiphtheria pertusistetanus tuberculosis andmeasles!

#mmuniAation of pregnant

women against tetanusalso reduces maternaland neonatal mortality

.B.


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Health Chec2ups

This includes health care of childrenless than si> years of age antenatalcare of e>pectant mothers and

postnatal care of nursing mothers recording of weight immuniAation

management of malnutrition

treatment of diarrhoea de:wormingand distribution of simple medicinesetc!

.B.


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Reerral Services)

'uring health chec:ups and growthmonitoring sic or malnourishedchildren in need of prompt medical

attention are referred to the @rimaryHealth 7entre or its sub:centre

.B.


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9onormal %reSchool !ducation"%S!$

anganwadi a villagecourtyard

@$5 is considered the

bacbone of the #7'$programme!

#ts for the three:to si>years old children andis directed towards

providing and ensuringa natural Joyful andstimulatingenvironment

.B.


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9utrition and Health !ducation

#t is a eyelement of thewor of the

anganwadiworer!

This forms partof D77(Dehaviour7hange

7ommunication).B.


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#H! ICDS #!AM

The #7'$ team comprises

,nganwadi Worers

,nganwadi Helpers

$upervisors

7hild 'evelopment @roJect Ocers

(7'@Os) and 'istrict @rogramme Ocers ('@Os)!

.B.


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Role o A;;

o elicit community supportParticipation in running the program

!eigh " record each child every month

Refer cases

#rgani$e non%formal pre%school activities

Provide supplementary nutrition

Provide health " nutrition education and

counseling

.B.


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Role o A;;

Ma&e home visits

'ssist PHC staff

(uide ')H'

'ssist in implementation of *ishori

)ha&ti +o,ana -*)+.

.B.


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Role o A; Helper

Coo& " serve food

Clean the 'ngan/adi premises

Cleanliness of small children

0ring small children to 'ngan/adi

.B.


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Role o ASHA

'/areness generationCounsel /omen

Community mobili$ation

!or& /ith 1H)C

2scort3accompany pregnant /omen "

children re4uiring treatment

Provide primary medical care

.B.


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Role o A9M

Hold /ee&ly 3 fortnightly meeting /ith ')H'Participate " guide in organi$ing the Health

5ays at '!C

tili$e ')H' in motivating the pregnant

/omen and married couples

(uide ')H' in motivating pregnant /omen

for full 'NC

2ducate ')H' on danger signs of pregnancyand labor

.B.


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Role o Health Department

Health Chec&%ups

Handling Referral

7mmuni$ationNutrition " Health 2ducation

Monitoring of Health components

.B.


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Angan(adi Centre

Population Norms8

9or Rural3rban Pro,ects

:;;%;; % = '!C

;;%=6;; % > '!Cs=6;;%>:;; % ? '!Cs

hereafter in multiples of ;; = '!C

9or Mini%'!C=@;%:;; %= Mini '!C

.B.


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9or ribal 3Riverine35esertA Hilly and otherdifficult areas3 Pro,ects

?;;%;; % = '!C

9or Mini% '!C=@;%?;; = Mini '!C

't present there are 5&5 7C5) pro,ectsB

.B.


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Supplementary 9utrition per Day

.B.; 6;; =%>;

R i d f i l d


51/96

Revised fnancial norms or oodsupplement

$ategor" Pre-revised

Revised w7e7;une 9:1:

Children -6%>months.

RsB >B;; RsB:B:

)everelymalnourished children

-6%> months.

RsB >B; RsB@B>

Pregnant " Dactating RsB >B?; RsB6B;;

.B.


52/96

International %artners

nited Nations 7nternational ChildrenE

2mergency 9und -N7C29.

Cooperative for 'ssistance and Relief2very/here -C'R2.

!orld 9ood Programme -!9P.

.B.


53/96

Ma:or Initiatives

Revision in Population norms

niversali$ation and ?rdphase of

eFpansion of the )cheme of 7C5)

7ncrement in 0udgetary allocation for7C5) )cheme

7ntroduction of cost sharing bet/een

Centre " )tates

Revision in financial norms of

supplementary nutrition

.B.


54/96

Monitoring System

Central level

)tate level

0loc& level1illage level -'ngan/adi level.

.B.


55/96

Failures

Practically children ?%6 +rs and

Pregnant " Dactating not covered

7rregular food suppliesGuality of Nutrition supplement

Poor supervision

Dac& of community o/nership3 participation

Nutrition education only on papers

Children come only for food

.B.


56/96

Mid Day Meal %rogramme

6aJor ObJective improve the $chool attendance

reduce school drop outsbene3cial impact on 7hilds nutrition

@rinciples.!supplement not substitute to home diet

C!.B1 total energy requirementBday andP total protein requirement Bday!

1! reasonably low cost0!easily prepared at schools

!as for as possible locally available food ;!change menu frequently

.B.


57/96

6id:day meal scheme

=ational programme of nutritional support toprimary education

ObJective

%niversaliAation of primary education by

increasing enrollment (class . to ) and

#mprove nutritional status of children!

1* to ** cal and


58/96

'rawbacs

@rogramme is good as for asimproving nutrition of the

underprivileged children Dut it requires sustainability for thisrequires political will communityparticipation monitoring andevaluation

9epeated incidence of food poisoningin the mid day meal causing serious

threat to e>istence of this.B.


59/96

#HA9

Geep visitingdnbpaediatrics!blogspot!in

.B.


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I9#!?RA#!D CHI-D D!'!-5%M!9#S!R'IC!S

"ICDS$

'9! G,=%@9#Q, 7H,T%9&5'#


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@9OF9,6 O%TI#=5

$tarted by the Fovernment of #ndia in./E the#ntegrated 7hild 'evelopment $cheme (#7'$)

has been instrumental in improving thehealth and wellbeing of mothers andchildren under ; by providing health andnutrition education health services

supplementary food and pre:schooleducation!

The #7'$ national development program isone of the largest in the world! #t reaches

more than 10 million children aged *:;


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Iesson ObJectives

To now the e>tent of malnutrition

To now about the goals! obJectivestarget groups service componentsand coverage of #7'$ program

To now about the impact of the@rogram


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$O%975 =2H$:1 C**:;

%nder nutrition in 7hildren under ,ge 1

,nemia among 7hildren ,ge ; 1


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$O%975N =2H$ :1 C**:;

,nemia among 7hildren ,ge ;:16onths

9ecommended and ,ctual


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$O%975 =2H$:1 C**:;

9ecommended and ,ctualDreastfeeding @ractices

?oal) Initiation o reasteeding(ithin. hour o irth

Achievement) 07@

?oal) 9o prelacteal eeding Achievement) 31@

?oal) !/clusive reasteeding

" months$ Achievement) 3@


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!very fth young child in the

(orld lives in India

!very second young child in Indiis malnourished

#hree out o our young

children in India areanaemic

!very second ne(orn inIndia isat ris2 o reduced learning

capacitydue to iodine defciencyMalnutrition limitsdevelopment potential andactive learning capacity o

the child

#7'$ ODL57T#&5$


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#7'$ ODL57T#&5$

To improve the nutritional status of

preschool children *:; years of agegroup!

To lay the foundation of properpsychological development of the child

To reduce the incidence of mortalitymorbidity malnutrition and school dropout

To achieve e?ective coordination ofpolicy and implementation in variousdepartments to promote childdevelopment

To enhance the capability of the motherto loo after the normal health and

nutritional needs of of the child through

TH5 T,9F5T F9O%@$


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TH5 T,9F5T F9O%@$

@regnant women

=ursing 6others

7hildren less than 1 years

7hildren between 1:;

years

,dolescent girls( ..:. years old children

in the anganwadi is directed towards providingand ensuring a natural Joyful and stimulatingenvironment with emphasis on necessary inputsfor optimal growth and development*

The early learning component of the #7'$ is asigni3cant input for providing a sound foundationfor cumulative lifelong learning and development!

#t also contributes to the universaliAation ofprimary education by providing to the child the

necessary preparation for primary schooling ando?ering substitute care to younger siblings thusfreeing the older ones especially girls toattend school!

H lth h


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Health chec:ups

9ecord of weight and height of childrenat periodical intervals

Watch over milestones #mmuniAation Feneral chec up for detection of

disease Treatment of diseases lie diarrhea

,9#

'eworming @rophyla>is against vitamin ,

de3ciency and anemia 9eferral of serious cases

,dolescent girls scheme


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,dolescent girls scheme( Gishori shati yoJna)

Feneral health chec ups

#mmuniAation

Treatment of minor ailments 'eworming

@rophylactic measures againstanemia #'' vitamin de3ciency

9eferral


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,nganwadi 7entre

,nganwadi is the 2ocal @oint for'elivery of #7'$ $ervices!

Iocated in a &illageB$lum!

,nganwadi is run by an ,WWsupported by a Helper!

,WW is the .st @oint of 7ontact for2amilies 5>periencing

=utrition and Health @roblems!

#ntegrated 7hild 'evelopment


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#ntegrated 7hild 'evelopment$cheme (#7'$) in #ndia

Sanctioned 8unctioning Gap

#o7 o 6loc*s 5&59 4545 17&

food fortification & adulteration

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