fluid and crystallized intelligence
TRANSCRIPT
FLUID AND CRYSTALLIZED INTELLIGENCE
By:Raymond Cattell and John Horn
What is the “fluid and crystallized intelligence”?
In the 1960s American psychologists Raymond Cattell and John Horn applied new methods of factor analysis and concluded there are two kinds of general intelligence: fluid intelligence (gf) and crystallized intelligence (gc).
What is the “fluid and crystallized intelligence”?Raymond Cattell first proposed the
concepts of fluid and crystallized intelligence and further developed the theory with John Horn. The Cattell-Horn theory of fluid and crystallized intelligence suggests that intelligence is composed of a number of different abilities that interact and work together to produce overall individual intelligence.
FLUID INTELLIGENCE
(gf)
Fluid intelligence
represents the biological basis of
intelligence. Measures of fluid intelligence,
such as speed of reasoning and memory,
increase into adulthood and then decline
due to the aging process.
Fluid intelligence
involves being able to think and reason
abstractly and solve problems
considered independent of learning,
experience, and education.
Examples of the use of fluid
intelligence: solving puzzles and coming up
with problem solving strategies.
Fluid intelligence
Examples of the use of fluid intelligence:
solving puzzles
coming up with problem solving
strategies.
CRYSTALLIZED INTELLIGENCE
(gc)
Crystallized intelligence
the knowledge and skills obtained through learning and experience.
Crystallized intelligence
As long as opportunities for learning are available, crystallized intelligence can increase indefinitely during a person’s life.
For example, vocabulary knowledge is known to increase in college professors throughout their life span.
Crystallized intelligence
involves knowledge that comes from prior learning and past experiences
Crystallized intelligence
Situations that require crystallized intelligence include reading comprehension and vocabulary exams.
Crystallized intelligence
This type of intelligence is based upon facts and rooted in experiences.
As we age and accumulate new knowledge and understanding, crystallized intelligence becomes stronger.