Fish and FNSFinancing the Transition Towards a Suitable

Blue Economy St James’s Palace State Apartments10 July 2014, London, Great Britain

Presentation By Árni M. Mathiesen

Assistant Director-GeneralFisheries and Aquaculture Department

Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO)

Vitamin A deficiency Causing blindness250 million preschool children affectedIron deficiencyAnaemia contributes to 20% of all maternal deaths.40% of preschool children anaemic in developing countries.Iodine deficiency Impairing cognitive development in children54 countries still iodine-deficient

Millions of children suffering nutrition deficiency

Source: WHO

842 million hungry people

Source: WHO

TrendWorldwide obesity has nearly doubled since 1980. Adults (aged 20 or older)More than 1.4 billion (35% of total) overweight in 2008Over 200 million men and nearly 300 million women (11 % of total) obese in 2008.Children (under the age of 5)More than 40 million children overweight or obese in 2012.

Billions of obesity or overweight people

Source: WHO

Food security and nutrition status

Hunger hand-in-hand with poverty

Contribution of fish to human diet

Fish as a percentage of total animal protein intake

Fish provides high quality animal protein Fish especially important to countries with low animal protein intake

Contribution of fish to nutritionFish, a source of

nutrients Nutrient level per 100 g Daily need (RDI) for children:

Protein;20% of animal protein for 3 billion people

Carp fillet: 18 g

Salmon fillet: 19 g1 g/kg body weight

(incl. veg. prot.)

DHA+EPA (Ω-3); seafood main source

Carp fillet: 350 mg

Salmon fillet: 2000 mg150 (250) µg

Vitamin A;250 million preschool children deficient

Cod liver oil: 5000 µgMola (whole): 2500 µg

500 µg RAE

Iron; 1.6 billion people deficient

Dried tuna frames: 35 mgChanwa pileng (whole): 45 mg

8.9 mg (at 10% bioavailability)

Iodine; seafood natural source, 2 billion people deficient

Cod fillets: 250 µgSeaweed: >2000 µg

120 µg

Zinc; 800 000 child deaths per year

Bones from herring: 19 mgChanwa pileng (whole): 20 mg

5.6 mg(at moderate bioavailability)

Socioeconomic contribution of aquaculture and fisheries

Future fish supply and demand projections

OECD-FAO Fish Model Projections (2022)

Source: OECD-FAO Agricultural Outlook 2013-2022 (Table A.26.2). Countries/regions ranked by per capita fish consumption in 2010-12 average.Countries/regions with declined per capita fish consumption highlighted in red.

WB-FAO-IFPRI Fish to 2030 Projections

Source: World Bank Report on Fish to 2030 (Table 3.7). Countries/regions ranked by per capita fish consumption in 2006. Countries/regions with declined per capita fish consumption highlighted in red

Country/

region

Fish Demand (2030) Total

fish prod. (2012,

mil. tonne)

S-D gap2030

(col. 4 minus col. 3)

kg/cap.

Total (mil. tonne

)

WORLD 29.1

261.2

156.5 -104.7

S.S. Africa 10.8

15.1

6.9 -8.2

L.A. & C. 12.2

18.3

14.8 -3.4

N. Africa 12.9

3.7

2.8 -0.8

Europe 27.3

23.4

16.0 -7.4

N. America 29.8

12.9

6.7 -6.1

Oceania 31.9

1.8

1.4 -0.3

Asia 37.0

186.3

107.8 -78.5

Source: Estimation of FI/FAO (preliminary results)Main assumptions: 1) Per capita fish demand affected by income growth. 2) Fish price unchanged. 3) Preference over fish unchanged

FAO/FI Fish Supply-Demand Gap Projections

Issues, constraints and challenges

Source: WHO

Resources and environmentEnvironment degradation and habitat destruction Loss of biodiversityOverexploited fish stocksBiosecurity (disease outbreaks)Climate changes (El Niño, ocean acidification, stock migration, severe weather conditions, etc.)Socioeconomic and governanceOvercapacity (fleets and labor) IUU fishingBycatch and discardsAssess to capital and financial services (loans, insurance, etc.)Equity (poverty, forced labor, child labor, etc.)Public image of fisheries and aquaculture

Filling Fish Supply-Demand

Source: WHO

Maintaining/increasing capture fisheries productionRecovery of the “Sunken Billions” through reducing overcapacity and rehabilitating overexploited stocks Cultured-based fisheries (stock enhancement)More direct human consumptionShifting industrialized use of fish (fish meal and fish oil) to direct human consumptionReducing wasteUtilization of bycatch and discardsUtilization of processing wasteReducing post-harvest spoilage (cold storage, more efficient value chain, etc.)Sustaining aquaculture growthSustainable intensification in Asia.Expansion in Africa and Latin AmericaIncreasing acceptance in western countries More efficient feed and feed managementGenetic improvement of seed stocksLow-trophic species (non-fed finfishes, mollusks, etc.)Innovation in farming systems and technologies

Improved Fisheries Governance CCRF-EAF

Fisheries Management

Enforcement &

Compliance

Catch statistics,

Fleet information

Total allowable catch or Equivale

nt decision

StockAssessmen

t

50 bill. USDPoverty alleviation

TAC-settingRules

Source: WHO

 

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