firestopping knowledge for better specification … knowledge for better specification and design of...

Firestopping Knowledge for Better Specification and Design

of Low Voltage Penetrations

Presentation Topics

What is firestop and Why is it necessary

The Fire Problem

The Elements of Compartmentation

Code Requirements

Firestop System Testing

Penetrations

Systems and Listings

Firestop Installation Examples

Hilti Firestop Products and Services

Firestopping: an unofficial Definition

*Degree of smoke restriction dependent on L-

rating

Precisely tested means and methods to restrict the spread of fire and

smoke* through a breach or gap in a fire-resistance rated assembly.

Agenda

Firestopping Knowledge for Better Specification and Design

of Low Voltage Penetrations


The Fire Problem


Code Requirements


Penetrations




Consequences of fires compared to other perils

Source: U.S. Fire Administration.

Consequences of fires (US - 2007)

Direct property loss $14.6 Billion

Civilian deaths 3,430 lost their lives

17,675 civilian injuries 118 firefighters killed

Source: U.S. Fire Administration.

Will people react properly in a fire?

We can’t rely on any single action or safeguard to keep people safe

The Balanced Approach to Fire Protection

What is the leading killer in fires?

Fire Statistics

Visibility: 47% of survivors caught in a fire could not see more than 12 feet.

Why must we contain Smoke, Toxic Gases and Fire?

3/4 of all fire deaths are caused by smoke inhalation.

Approximately 57% of people killed in fires are not in the room of the fire’s origin.

Source: Hall, Jr. John R. NFPA Fire Analysis & Research, Quincy, MA. “Burns, Toxic Gases, and other Hazards”.

Smoke travels 120-420 feet per minute under fire conditions

Source: NFPA Fire Protection Handbook, 18th Ed. Table 1-1P. Pg.1-15.

Source: NFPA Fire Protection Handbook, 18th Ed. Table 8-1P. Pg. 8-17.

Source: Estimate based upon ceiling jet velocity calculations for typical ceiling heights and heat release rates.

Agenda


The Fire Problem


Code Requirements


Penetrations




One globally applied principle for fire safety: Compartmentation (fire compartments)

The spread of fire can be restricted by dividing a building into separate compartments with fire-resistive walls and floors — increasing the availability of escape routes for occupants.

FW = Fire-Rated Wall

FF = Fire-Rated Floor

FW FW

FW FW

FF

FF

FF

FF

FF

FF

We talked about “What is Firestop?”… now let’s discuss “When is firestop required?”

any breach or gap in a fire-rated substrate requires the use of an

approved firestop system, or other code approved method, in order

to restore the integrity of the aforementioned substrate… blank

openings, “poke throughs”, pipes, cables, curtain wall, construction

joints, etc.

Fire with successful compartmentation

People with complete trust in the compartmentation

Agenda


The Fire Problem


Code Requirements


Penetrations




Firestopping is not new: Required by all current legacy codes

International Building Code

Section 712.3.1.2 – Through-penetration firestop systems (Walls) “Through-penetrations shall be protected by an approved penetration firestop system installed as tested in accordance with ASTM E 814 or UL 1479…” Section 713.3 – Fire resistant joint systems “Fire resistant joint systems shall be tested in accordance with the requirements of either ASTM-E1966 or UL 2079…”

•Firestopping is a system approach. Different components of the •firestop system assembly can affect its performance in a fire.

Agenda


The Fire Problem


Code Requirements


Penetrations




Recognized and accredited third party test facilities in the United States

Intertek

(Omega Point) Listings

All “Nationally recognized Test Laboratories” are of equal status in regulations (code acceptance). Each test lab publishes its own listing directory.

Underwriters Laboratories

Inc.

Warnock Hersey Factory Mutual Standards

Laboratories

•Tests done to Code-required Standards – ASTM and UL

Testing Through-Penetrations

Typical Through-penetration Applications

Through Penetration Firestop Systems tested to ASTM E 814 / UL 1479

F-Rating

The duration of time in which flames do not pass through the system.

T-Rating

The time period that the penetration firestop system, including the penetrating item, limits the maximum temperature rise to 325°F (163°C) above its initial temperature through the penetration on the non-fire side when tested in accordance with ASTM E 814. Not a pass/fail criterion

To receive either rating the firestop must pass the hose stream test

UL 1479: Optional air leakage rating

•L-Rating Measures amount of air leakage through the firestop system

Tested at ambient and 400°F

Measured in CFM (cubic feet minute), the lower the number, the better

Mandatory L-Ratings: Smoke Barriers

• IBC 407.4 Smoke barriers Used to subdivide each story used by patients for sleeping or for

treatment and to divide each story with an occupant load of 50 or more into 2 or more compartments. Such stories shall be divided into smoke compartments of areas of not more than 22,500 sq. ft. (travel distance of not more than 200 ft.. to smoke barrier door). Smoke barrier in accordance with Section 709.

407.4.1 Refuge areas - To be provided on each side of each smoke barrier, min 30 net sq. ft. areas.

NFPA 101 ~ same

Smoke Barrier Construction 1-hour fire resistance rating Walls must be “deck to deck” Vertical or horizontal continuous membrane that will restrict the

movement of smoke SMOKE COMPARTMENT: A space within a building enclosed by smoke barriers on all sides, including the top and bottom.

2009 IBC clarified that a floor is also smoke barrier 712.9 Smoke barrier. Where horizontal assemblies are required to resist the movement of smoke by other sections of this code in accordance with the definition of smoke barrier, penetrations and joints in such horizontal assemblies shall be protected as required for smoke barriers in accordance with Sections 713.5 and 714.6.

L-Ratings, infectious disease control, energy loss and sound transmission Openings in walls and ceilings are concerns for more reasons than just smoke,

toxic gases and fire…

It is important to keep in mind that areas with high L-Ratings (meaning lots of “Leakage”) will also permit the passage of… Germs and other airborne diseases Energy (air conditioning and heating) Sound Transmission

L-ratings are important to consider when working in Negative Pressure and Positive

Pressure rooms

Properly sealing firestop applications will not only increase life safety but positively impact the facility as a whole and those who occupy it.

Video Demo of ASTM/UL through- penetration burn test

Steps in fire test procedure

Assembly is placed on furnace. Assembly is exposed to fire test.

Assembly is subjected to hose stream test. Assembly results after hose stream.

Extreme conditions after 1 hour test

Combustible penetrating items during fire test Video demonstrating intumescent material

Combustible penetrating items after test

Firestop performance can change completely with small change in any parameter

Size and type of penetrating item(s)

Size and shape of opening Desired fire rating (hrs) Stud width for gypsum walls Floor or wall construction type

and thickness Annular space Percent fill (cables) Firestop materials/products used

Percent Fill (% fill)

The cross-sectional area of an opening

that is occupied by a penetrating

item(s).

Typically found in UL systems containing

cables.

Calculating %fill (per UL nomenclature)

c c c c c c c c

c c c c c c c c c c

c c c c

c c c c c c c c c c c c c c c c `c c c c c c c c c c c c c c

c c c c c c c c c c c c c c c c c c c c

c c `` c c c c c c c c

c

(Ao)=3.14 x (22)=12.56 in2

(Aw)=[3.14 x (.1252)] x 85= 4.17 in2

(%f)=(4.17/12.56) x 100 = 33.2%

4” hole, 85-1/4” wires

Appears to be about 2/3 full

Actual % fill

Actual % fill rates are roughly 50-60% of what they visually appear to be

Agenda


The Fire Problem


Code Requirements


Penetrations




3 Types of “firestopping”

1.Through-penetration firestop system

a. Membrane penetration firestop system

2.Fire-resistive joint system

3.Perimeter fire barrier system

Terminology matches codes and test standards All are commonly called “firestop systems”

UL System Nomenclature overview F = Floors W = Walls C = Floors or walls (Combined) A. Concrete floors 5 inches thick or less B. Concrete floors greater than 5 inches thick C. Framed floors – Floor/Ceiling assemblies D. Steel deck construction E. Floor-ceiling assemblies consisting of concrete with membrane protection J. Concrete or masonry walls 8 inches thick or less K. Concrete walls greater than 8 inches thick L. Framed walls – gypsum wallboard assemblies M. Bulkheads The four digit number describes the penetration item(s) 0000 - 0999 Blank openings 1000 - 1999 Metal pipe, conduit or tubing 2000 - 2999 Non-metallic pipe conduit or tubing 3000 - 3999 Cables 4000 - 4999 Cable trays 5000 - 5999 Insulated pipes 8" or less 6000 - 6999 Miscellaneous electrical (busway) 7000 - 7999 Miscellaneous mechanical 8000 - 8999 Mixed penetrating items

Through Penetrations

Firestop System Examples

Single or Bundled Cable Gypsum Wall F-rating = 1 or 2 Maximum 4” Opening Maximum 4” steel sleeve

Firestop System Examples

Cable: Single or bundled Concrete or Block wall F-rating = 2 Maximum 4-1/2” Opening

What is the hourly rating of a Firestop product?

•ZERO

•Only Firestop •Systems

•have ratings!

A fire resistance rating is only achieved when a firestopping product is installed exactly as tested in a system

The systems have ratings, not the products Tested systems can be found in the listing directories

published by the major accredited test labs: UL, FM, Intertek (Omega Point)

Understanding the listing nomenclature can assist in selecting a suitable system, or ensuring that a specified system is right for the type of application

•Key Points to Remember

Agenda


The Fire Problem


Code Requirements


Penetrations, Joints and Perimeter

Fire Barrier


Engineering Judgments



When/Why is an EJ used? When no tested system exists that exactly matches the conditions of the field application Typical situations:

Annular space larger/smaller than tested Irregular hole shape Hole shape different than tested Curtain wall construction not identical to that tested More penetrating items in hole than system allows Access to one side only Oversized or exotic insulation types Structural member penetrations Intersections of rated assembly with non-rated assembly (e.g. roof

deck)

PROJECT NAME CONTRACTOR NAME

PROJECT NAME CONTRACTOR NAME

This is the number you write on the identification label

Agenda

What is firestop and Why is it necessary The Fire Problem The Elements of Compartmentation Code Requirements Firestop System Testing

– Penetrations Systems and Listings Engineering Judgements

Firestop Installation Examples Hilti Firestop Products and Services

Best Practices

Installation Stickers aid in identification, inspection and tracking Placed next to each penetration firestop or periodically along a joint firestop Should meet FCIA and/or architectural specifications

Best practices

Pre-construction mock-up walls help ensure success

PLUMBING ELECTRICAL

UL SYSTEMS

Agenda


The Fire Problem


Code Requirements


Penetrations, Joints and Perimeter

Fire Barrier


Engineering Judgments



•This concludes the AIA portion of the presentation. We will now review Hilti’s Firestop portfolio prior to the Q&A portion

Innovative Firestop Products

Intumescent Firestop Sealant Flexible Firestop Sealant Self-leveling Firestop Sealant Firestop Spray

Firestop Collars / Wrap Strips Firestop Blocks / Plugs Firestop Board Firestop Mortar Putty Pads Cast-In Firestop Device Drop-In Firestop Device Firestop Sleeve (wall)

Firestop Sealants FS ONE • Water soluble intumescent • Covers most firestop penetrations • F-Rated systems up to 4 hours • Paintable CP 606 • Water soluble elastomeric acrylic • Paintable • Available in red, white & grey • Systems available for both

penetrations and joints CP 601S • Silicone based elastomeric firestop • Provides maximum movement

capabilities • W-Rating systems available

CP 653 Speed Sleeve •Productivity

•Round openings can be created •via hole saws or core bits

•Productivity •Cables do not need to be inserted in a uniform

height to comply with the firestop detail

•Productivity •Spin-on flanges

promote fast product installation to a floor

or wall

•Quality •Smoke seal fabric tested to 250 open-close cycles

•Industry-best L-ratings •Constrictive smoke seal •limits smoke migration

•Fast Installation of Products & Penetrants = Lower Total Installed Cost

CP 653 Installed on Jobsite

Gangplate Solutions

• Used for ganging multiple cable management devices

• Stud or surface mount for pre- or post- drywall installation

• Stack in rows or columns for maximum cable capacity

• Gangplate Cap available for blank ports

•Gangplate Cap •24” Front View •16” Back View

•24” Gangplate with firestop devices installed

Firestop Sleeve Kits

• For new cable applications requiring a sleeve • Easy to install devices encourage correct installation • Easy to inspect • Re-penetrable for future capacity • Economical solution for cable bundles

Firestop Block

CFS-BL Firestop Block • Pre-cured, pre-formed reusable

intumescent material • Ideal solution for medium to large

openings • Quick installation • Easy re-penetration for high-traffic areas

and future cable capacity • Easily cut-to-fit • One-sided systems available • One-person installation • Clean result

Cable Collars

• Surface mounted solution for new and pre-existing cable applications through floors and walls

• Firestop openings that are max 100% visually filled (sleeved or un-sleeved). Max 4” diameter opening

• Cover irregular openings and pre-existing cables without surface preparation; no cutting or jackhammering near cables

• Less invasive than alternative methods • Topside solution for floors without mineral wool or sealant • Virtually dust free installation. No sealant required • Ideal for problematic, pre-existing cable applications

Firestop Collars

CP 643N Firestop Collar • Ready to use firestop collar with integrated intumescent wrap strip • Comes in 1-1/2”, 2”, 3”, 4”, and 6” sizes • Must be fastened per tested system

CP 644 Firestop Collar • Comes in 8” and 10” sizes

CP 675T Fireboard Solution

• Ready-to-use lightweight firestop board for large openings in floors and walls

• Saves labor by being able to install from one side of floors and walls

• Can be cut easily with drywall knife, no extra tools required

Firestop Plugs • Ready to use intumescent plug • Non curing, pre-formed • Systems available for

one sided application • Can be used in floors

and walls • Can be used in blank openings

CP 658T Firestop Plug Two part polyurethane ready to

use intumescent plug Comes in 2” and 4” sizes

Hilti Design Support Services

100+ Hilti Field Engineers in U.S.

On-line Firestop Design Center

Firestop System Selector Guide

Sample Specifications

CAD Drawings for Typical Details

Engineering Judgment support

Firestop technical back-office support

Firestop Design Center available at www.us.hilti.com/firestop

Hilti Field Support Services

30+ Fire Protection Specialists 1100+ Account Manager Firestop Installation Training Product Selection / Field

Consultation Jobsite Observation Walk-Thru Engineering Judgment support Coordination / Pre-Install Meetings HAFSCs Relationship CFS-DM Firestop Documentation

Management Software

Learning Objectives

1. Review relevant building code and third party standard requirements for low-voltage through-penetration firestop

2. Identify barrier types and substrates for proper documentation, specification, and inspection

3. Understand the testing and standard requirements for firestop systems 4. Practice proper sourcing and selection of approved firestop listings,

including solutions for common large opening penetrations, blocks, and foam

Group participants should access www.us.hilti.com/webinar-group-sign-in

to receive credit for their attendance.

•Upon completing this program, the participant should be able to:

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