fire safety 2-1.ppt

8/9/2019 FIRE SAFETY 2-1.ppt

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Presented By:

Davis O. Ochillo

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FIRE SAFETY

Introduction

Fire -Is a process of combustion (burning) in whichhigh rate of oxidation preai!s"

#ombustion - The cata!$tic combination of ox$gen with acombustib!e substance (fue!)" %eat is produced during combustion"

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Fire Safet$ encompasses & 'e$ e!ements

Recognition - Sources or phenomena producing fire"

Fire Prevention - Refers primari!$ to measures directedtowards aoiding the inception of fire"

Fire Protection - Refers to fire fightingextinguishing andre!ated facilities.

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1) RECOGNITION: THINGS THATCONSTITUTE TO THE STARTOF FIRE

o #ombustion is supported b$ three factors thatconstitute the Fire Triangle:

* +x$gen

* Fue!

* Ignition Temperature

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RECOGNITION: THINGS THATCONSTITUTE TO THESTART OF FIRE

+,YE. - The air to supportcombustion

I.ITI+. TE01 - The minimum (%EAT)temperature at which a substance

wi!! ignite"

F2E3 - An$thing which canburn4 either in so!id4 gaseous or!i5uid form"

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Caue o! Fire

a) 6irect Ignition e"g" spar's4 f!ames orcare!ess!$ discarded !ighted cigarette"

b) Spontaneous combustion e"g" dampegetab!e matter impregnated for a !ongperiod"

c) 1ro!onged %eat e"g" stoe pipes"

d) Exp!osion e"g" f!ammab!e gases4apours

e) Exp!osion of dusts and or atomi7ed !i5uids 7


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$%) PRE&ENTION

Aims at minimi7ing or contro!!ing fire ha7ards

i" Substitution of materia!s or processes

ii" Iso!ation or separation of materia!s orprocesses

iii" Remoa! of ignition source

i" Fire inspections" Fire safet$ consideration at design stage

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$') PROTECTION

a) Principles

i" 1reention of persona! in8uries

ii" Ear!$ detection and warning s$stems

iii" Fire fighting (app!iances and techni5ues)

i" 6amage contro! i"e" protection of propert$

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b) Methods

i" 6esign of premises whi!e considering fire safet$ b$

-separate offices from wor'ing area

-construction materia!s of !ow combustibi!it$

-enti!ation (heat and gases)

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ii" Separate and fire-proof storage of f!ammab!e substances

iii" Smo'e detectors

i" Fire a!arms

" 0ar'ed fire exits

i" Fire-fighting app!iances

ii" Fire fighting training (periodic fire dri!!s)

iii" Recognition and e!imination of fire ha7ards

ix" 0aintenance of e5uipment and app!iances

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FIRE FIGHTING

#ombustion wi!! continue as !ong as ox$gen4Ignition Temperature and Fue! are presentand remoa! of one of them !eads to co!!apseof the triang!e of combustion and thuscombustion stops"

To suppress a fire $ou need on!$ to remoeone of these essentia! factors of fire" Thereare T%REE (&) methods of extinguishing a fireas per triang!e of combustion"

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METHODS OF FIRE EXTINGUISHING

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S0+T%ERI. -E!iminating ox$gen"

STAR9ATI+. -

Remoing the fue! (staring)"

#++3I.

-Remoing heat b$ !owering

the temperature"


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CLASSES OF FIRE

There are four (:) c!asses of fire4

name!$-

#3ASS A - Fire ino!ing ordinar$ combustib!e

materia!s e"g" paper4 ;ood and grass"

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#3ASS < - Fire ino!ing f!ammab!e !i5uids and gasese"g" petro!4 spirits4 'erosene4 paints and

P!.

#3ASS # - E!ectrica! fire"

#3ASS 6 - Fire ino!ing meta!s e"g" magnesium4

potassium4 sodium and 2ranium"

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FIRE E(TINGUISHING AGENTS$APPLIANCES)

The fo!!owing are some of the Extinguishing Agents found inportab!e fire fighting extinguishers"

;ATER - To be found in either portab!eextinguisher or %ose Ree!"

- #o!our - Red" For Ca A fires"

F+A0 - To be found in a 1a!e Crea*extinguisher" For Ca + fires"

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6RY 1+;6ER - To be found in +ue extinguisher"

- For Ca +, C and - fires"

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FIRE PRECAUTIONS IN +UIL-INGS

The ma8orit$ of the fires are caused through care!essness"

If eer$one was =FIRE #+.S#I+2S= there wou!d be er$ fewfires indeed"

Too often4 precautions are ta'en on!$ after a fire4 on thegrounds that ris's had been there for $ears and nothing hadeer happened"

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In ever/ eta0i"*ent it *ut 0e enured t"at:

Efficient precautions are ta'en to preent fire"

Fire fighting app!iances are aai!ab!e and easi!$accessib!e"

Fire fighting app!iances shou!d not beobstructed i"e" nothing shou!d be 'ept in frontof them

Fire fighting app!iances are maintained in goodcondition and are sericed at !east once in

eer$ period of six months

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A suitab!e number of wor'ers shou!d be trained in the usage offire fighting app!iances

A fire-fighting team shou!d be formed

1eriodic fire dri!!s shou!d be conducted

Fire exits shou!d proided and mar'ed

Fire exit doors shou!d open outwards or shou!d be s!iding anddirection of s!ide indicated

Fire exits shou!d .+T be obstructed

A Fire Sa!et/ ( or Fire 1reention) Poic/ shou!d be formu!ated"

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Ensure good house'eeping

Switch off e!ectrica! app!iances after use

1roper storage of f!ammab!e substances

#ontact te!ephone for

*Fire brigade

*1o!ice

*Ambu!ance serices

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1RE9E.TI+. IS


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FIRE – FIGHTING

"o# can PA$$ re%&htin& by:

P ' P#ll the pin

A ' Aim the no((le

$ ' $#ee(e the handle

$ ' $weep across the base of the re

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*+*,!*-" ,*$PO-$* P,*PA,*D-*$$ A-D*/A0A12O- P,O*D0,*$P0,PO$*: to ens#re that 1here is a workable plan

People in dan&er act in a calm andorderly manner i.e. they know what to do.

O3cers appointed carry o#t their allottedd#ties safely

All means of escape provided are knownand #sed in accordance with practicedplan.

1hat evac#ation is speedy and orderly.

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$1*P$ 2- 42!512-! A 42,*

Always make s#re the e6it is on yo#r back

Don7t &ht re if yo#r instincts tells yo# -O1 1O8

Only &ht re at its incipient sta&e

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+*15OD$

4orm emer&ency response team

*stablish a workable plan

5ave a specic emer&ency alarm

ond#ct periodic drills

*stablish emer&ency assembly point

5ave contacts for emer&ency services e.&.Police9 Amb#lance9 4ire Bri&ade etc

reate awareness amon&st all workers

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AA,+$

*lectrical Alarm of Break !lass type.

1elephones.

P#blic address system

+an#al Bell$iren.

;histles.

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EVACUATION ON HEARING THE

ALARM $top whatever that yo# were doin&

vacate the areas in an orderly manner viathe e6it not a>ected.

4ire &htin& team to deal with the re d#rin&its initial sta&es ready to leave if their livesare in dan&er.

,estrict spread of re and smoke by closin&doors and windows behind yo#.

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0se of wet hankies in case of smoke and crawlin& alon& thewall.

;arnin& of others as yo# leave witho#t relyin& on their

havin& heard the alarm. "o# may #se a re e6tinisher ?if easily available) to move

thro#&h re to safety.

+ove to the emer&ency assembly point where roll%call can

be taken.

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;5A1 -O1 1O DO

Do not re%enter the b#ildin& once yo# are o#t.

Do not r#n.

Do not la& behind breakin& #p col#mns.

Do not scream or make #nnecessary noise.

Do not remain in lavatories. Do not #se elevators9 lifts9 etc.

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fire safety 2-1.ppt

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