SBSTA-24 In-session Workshop onCO2 Capture and Storage,Bonn 20 May 2006.

Experiences from Demonstrations & Pilots: - SLEIPNER and more

Tore A Torp, Statoil Research Centre, Trondheim, Norway

2

”Experiences and lessons learned from Demonstrations and Pilot projects – CO2 Storage

CONTENT:

•“Low Carbon Diet”

• Industrial Experiences with CO2

• Sleipner, In Salah, K12B, Ketzin, Snohvit and ???

• What will Authorities and Public demand?

• VISION and Way forward?

3

Sleipner CO2-injeksjon:

- Besluttet i 1992- I drift siden 1996- 1 million tonn CO2/år

Time Magazine,17. Mai 2004

4

Previous Experiences with CO2 & Injection

•Enhanced Oil Recovery (Texas, Hungary, Turkey, Brazil,Croatia)

•Natural gas cleaning

•Transport – Pipelines & Ships

•Natural gas re-injection

•Natural gas underground storage

and

• Beer & soft drinks, dry cleaning, food packaging – Every day life

5

Yara CO2-tankers, 1500 m3 capacity

6

The Sleipner field – CO2 Treatment and Injection

7

The Utsira Formation

8

CO2 Injection Well in "Utsira"

Sleipner A

Sleipner T

Utsir aFor mation

Heimdal Formation

Sleipner ØstProduction and Injection W ells

CO 2

CO 2 Injection W ell1000m

2000m

2500m

0

500m

1500m

1000m0 500m 1500m

9

StatoilBPExxonMobilTotalFinaElfNorsk HydroVattenfall

BGSBRGMGEUS

IFPNITG-TNO

SINTEF

IEA Greenhouse Gas R&D ProgrammeSchlumberger Research

NO, DK, NL, FR & UK Authorities

SALINE AQUIFER CO2 STORAGE PROJECT

10

3D Seismic surveys at Sleipner

1999 20011996

11

Simulated picture of the distribution of CO2 after three years.Radius of largest bubble 800 m and the total plume 200 m high.Ref: SINTEF Petroleum 2001

12

SACS Project 1998-2002

WHAT WE DID ACHIEVE:

• 3D Seismic proven, Gravimetry tested • Reservoir simulation tools partly proven • Geology and Geochemistry of “Utsira” mapped• Reason to expect the CO2 to stay for thousands of years

DOCUMENTATION• “SACS Best Practice Manual, 1.version.”• Download from www.co2store.org, see page “SACS”.

Demonstration K12-B

Operator:Gaz de France PRODUCTION NEDERLAND B.V.

Injection of CO2

In a depleted gas field

14

15

Snøhvit, the next field to implement CO2 storage

16

Snøhvit – All subsea

160 kmDepth: 330 m

17

Towards Large Scale Implementation? T

R

U

S

T

C

O

ST

Storage

Capture

OK!Transport - Pipeline - Ship

SACS CASTOR-S

CO2STORE

CO2SINK

CO2ReMoVe

DYNAMIS

ENCAP

CASTOR-C Hypogen Coal?

Hypogen Gas?

2006

CO2NET

GESTCO

CCP GraceCACHET

GeoCapacity Hypogen Storage?

DYNAMIS

NASCENT

ULCOS

18

Demonstrations of CO2 storage

SLEIPNER SNØHVIT

WEYBURN

IN SALAH

GORGONK12BSource: IEA GHG

FRIO BRINE

KETZIN

Nagaoka

19

Trapping and Leakage

Trapping Mechanisms

•Containment

•Micro-pore trapping

•Dissolution in water

•Mineral binding

Leakage ways?

•WELLS

•Faults/Cracks

•Underground mobility

20

Environmental impacts

Main potential LOCAL impacts:

• Humans and animals – if concentrated

• Plants – if in root systems

• Soil

• Sea bottom – More R&D!

Natural analogues:

• Natural CO2 seeps (vulcanoes)

• Under sea vents

21

What will the Authorities demand?

•Access rights and Licence

•Site characterisation and Plan

•Monitoring & Verification

•Reporting to UNFCC and ETS

•Remediation?

•Decommissioning and ”Hand shake”

•Monitoring until “stability”?

22

What will the Public demand?

•Safe operation

•No leakage

•Monitoring & Verification in full openness

•Acceptance from UNFCC and ETS

•Long term stability

23

Need two legs to walk !

Reduce capture COST:

•Technologies exists

•Another chemical factory

•Extra investment and

energy consumption

•Costs too high for industry

NEED NEW TECHNOLOGY

Build TRUST in storage:

•Is it staying there long enough?

•Experience and large scale demo

•Experience from EOR and storage

•Oil&gas methods and tools works

•Geology varies from site to site

MORE DEMO SITES

24

Lars Strömberg Vattenfall AB 2001

Schwarze Pumpe 2 x 900 MW Lignite fired Power Plant

25

TJELDBERGODDEN- Statoil & Shell industrial realization

26

27

K12B Gas Field (Gaz de France, The Netherlands)

Single well compartment

CO2 injector & gas producer

• Gasfield in Rotliengen clastics, offshore• Depth: 3500-4000 m• High temperature: 128 °C, low pressure: 40 bars• Small-scale injection test: 20 000 t/year

in mid-2004• 480 000 t/year in 2006, 8 Mt total

Amsterdam

K12-B