example of reasoning through inquiry

7/28/2019 Example of Reasoning Through Inquiry

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Example of Reasoning

through InquiryBy: Kristine Wong


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Observe phenomenaA postoperative surgical patient isexperiencing pain and is hypoventilating.

The concepts involved?1. Postoperative surgical patient

2. Pain3. Hypoventilation4. Nurse


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The nature of each of the

concepts1. Patient 56 year old male with good health and

average weight and height. Does not like to take medication

because of fear of addiction States that it hurts too much for him

to take the 10 deep ventilations everywaking hour as directed


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Pain Location: chest Intensity: pain scale 7 on a scale of 1 to 10 Quality: sharp & burning

Onset & Duration: postoperative & constant What makes it better: pain indication (last dose

6hrs ago) What makes it worse: deep breathing Effects of pain: shallow breathing


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Hypoventilation Moving less tidal volume of air (either by

rate and/or volume) during inspirationand expiration than is considered normal

for weight and height, which maypredispose patient to hypostaticpneumonia, and other seriouspostoperative complications.


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Nurse

Baccalaureate prepared 15 years of nursingexperience on the surgeryunit


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What are possible conceptrelationship?

1. Surgical patient & pain2. Surgical patient & hypoventilation3. Surgical patient & nurse

4. Pain & nurse5. Pain & hypoventilation6. Nurse & hypoventilation7. Surgical patient, pain and hypoventilation8. Surgical patient, pain, hypoventilation and

nurse


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What are possible propositions?

1. Surgery causes pain at patients incision site andsurrounding area.

2. Deep breathing may cause pain if the incision site is inor the chest.

3. Surgical patients may hypo ventilate if they do notbreathe deeply postoperatively.4. Surgical patients may hypo ventilate because of pain5. Nurse understand causes of pain, hypoventilation, and

the need for postoperative care.6. Nurse can relieve pain and resolve hypoventilation7. Patient and nurse work together to resolve

hypoventilation


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Why do these proportions

exist(rationale)?1. Postoperative surgical patients have painbecause of the manipulation and disruptionof nerves and muscles during surgery.

2. Normal or deep ventilation may cause nervestimulation and muscle movement in thearea of the postoperative suture line withinor near the stitches.

3. Postoperative surgical patients may preventstimulations and movements of the musclesin the area of the chest suture line byhypoventilation.


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4. Chest surgery patients who areexperiencing pain with deep breathingmay hypo ventilate in an attempt to

decrease the pain.5. Nurses are educated regarding

postoperative care of the patient withchest surgery, pain management,ventilatory management andpsychological stress.


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How do you know this is true?

1. Established biologic theory regarding anatomy andphysiology and postoperative pain, observation, andexperience

2. Established biologic theory regarding anatomy and

physiology of breathing and postoperative pain,observation and experience

3. Established behavioural and biologic theory regardingthe avoidance of pain, observation, and experience

4. Established biologic and behavioral theory, observation

and experience.5. Established nursing theory regarding postoperative

care, pain management, and treatment of thehypoventilation and stress


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Types of ReasoningBy: Kristine Wong


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Types of Reasoning

Deductive reasoning Inductive reasoningAbductive reasoning


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Deductive reasoning

deductive-root word ofdeductive

Which stems from theLatin word deducere

meaning to lead down.


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Deductive reasoning

reaching a conclusion by combiningknown truths to create a new truth

deductive reasoning is certain,provided that the previously knowntruths are in fact true themselves.


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Deductive reasoning

Larger facts, principles, laws, or theoriesthat known and generally accepted astrue and use them to address smaller yet

related phenomena. In other words,using establish or known information tolead down to the answer.


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Deductive reasoning

TheoryLaws

Deductive Reasoning ExplanationP

PhenomenaPrinciples

Facts


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Deductive reasoning

With deductive reasoning, all theanswers, solutions and explanationare presumed to be true.

As a paramedical example :The patient who is experiencing pain

and hypoventilation and does notwant pain medication because offear of becoming addicted


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Deductive reasoning

Deductive reasoning is based onlaws or general principles.

People using deductive reasoningapply a general principle to aspecific example.

Bandman & Bandman (1988)Offer another way of looking at

deductive reasoning


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Inductive reasoning

Inductive reasoning is the oppositeof deductive reasoning.

The root word for Inductive isInduce which stems from Latinword inducerewhich means to leador to bring about.


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Inductive reasoning

In inductive reasoning is all aboutobservations and facts about aphenomenon and use them to identify a

relationship with other phenomena,which may lead to the development oflarger concepts and ultimately facts,principles, laws and theories


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Inductive reasoning

In inductive reasoning you observe theworld, and attempt to explain based onyour observations.

You start with no prior assumptions.a. reaching a conclusion based on previous

observation.

b. It moves from the specific to the general


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Inductive reasoning

TheoryLaws

Inductive observedreasoning

phenomenaPrinciples

Facts


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Inductive reasoning

For example:Female dog produce milk to feed theiryoung; female dogs are mammals,

therefore mammals secrete milk to feedtheir young

In this case the opposite from deductive

in thst it moves explicitly.


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Inductive reasoning

a. reaching a conclusion based onprevious observation.

b. Conclusions are probablyTRUE but not necessarily

TRUE.


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Inductive reasoning

Inductive reasoning is useful but notcertain.There will always be a chance that there

is an observation that will show thereasoning to be false. ONLY ONE OBSERVATION IS NEEDED

TO PROVE THE CONCLUSION TO BEFALSE.


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Abductive reasoning The use of this term is when looking at

reasoning in paramedical discipline isrelatively new when compared with

deductive and inductive approaches. The root word of abductive is abduct,

which derived from the latin wordabductus and means to lead away

When applied to reasoning, it means aform of logic or reasoning that usespropositions that have no proof.


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Abductive reasoning Abductive reasoning involves making a

conceptual leap based on observations,experience, beliefs and patterns to arrive

at an educated guess about aphenomenon When applied to paramedical

disciplines,abductive reasoning means the

formation of potential propositions that areformulated from personal and nursingknowledge,skills,values meanings and experienceand not simply from empirically based evidence


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Abductive reasoning Example

The observation of multicolored

mammals secreting more mlik thansolid colored mammals are morenursing parents than solid coloredmammalas;however,such a leap is

simply an educated guess


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Abductive reasoning The abductive reasoning processis valuable in that it facilitates

the identification andinvestigation of human andparamedical phenomena that

would not be feasible understrict deductive and inductiveprocesses

example of reasoning through inquiry

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